Academic literature on the topic 'Arbres – Racines (botanique) – Croissance'
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Journal articles on the topic "Arbres – Racines (botanique) – Croissance":
GERMON, Amandine. "Conséquences de la coupe rase sur la production de racines fines, CO2, CH4 et N2O jusqu'à la nappe phréatique dans une plantation d'Eucalyptus grandis menée en taillis sur un dispositif d'exclusion de pluie." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 346 (January 13, 2021): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2020.346.a36293.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Arbres – Racines (botanique) – Croissance":
Atger, Claire. "Essai sur l'architecture racinaire des arbres." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20100.
Mula, Rachmat. "Modélisation tri-dimensionnelle de la croissance du système racinaire des plantes en milieu hétérogène avec un automate voxellaire : concepts de modélisation et application à des arbres en agroforesterie." Montpellier, ENSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSA0017.
Dynamic models of root systems should link the pattern of carbon allocation to different parts of the root system and the efficiency of belowground resources capture. Such a model could predict the dynamic growth of root systems in 3D heterogeneous soils. We present such a ‘parsimonious’ model with only six parameters, based on the voxel automata approach. Evidence for the need of such a model was provided by a field study of the spatial root distributions of two tree species, hybrid walnut trees (Juglans nigra x regia cv NG23) and hybrid poplars (Populus euramericana cv I214) cultivated with or without the competition with winter intercrops in southern France. Tree root distributions in the agroforestry plots were much deeper than those observed in the forestry plots, and/or extended laterally beneath the crop zone. More evidence of root plasticity was provided by pot experiments with heterogeneous substrates, or by enriching a small patch in water and/or nitrogen inside the container. The voxel automaton simulates both fine and coarse root growth, and automatically generates its topology. Both the control of ‘genetic’ and environmental factors are incorporated in the root growth process. Container experiments and a split-root experiment were used to parameterise the model for hybrid walnut trees (Juglans hindsii x regia) and wild cherry trees (Prunus avium L. ). The estimated parameter values for walnut and wild cherry trees allow the voxel automata model to be used to predict root patterns of both tree species in various heterogeneous soil experiments. For this purpose, an integration of the root model into a model of tree growth is necessary
Berthier, Stéphane. "Effets des sollicitations aérodynamiques sur la croissance et le développement du pin maritime (pinus pinaster Ait. ) : influence sur la morphogenèse aérienne et racinaire, et sur la formation du bois de cœur." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12443.
O'Connor, Claire. "Caractérisation du partage des ressources en eau et en azote entre les arbres et les cultures au sein de jeunes peuplements agroforestiers." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR013.
Alley-cropping systems (AC) offer several ecosystem services such as biodiversity preservation, carbon sequestration, soil erosion reduction and improving water quality. However, the introduction of trees creates a transition zone between the row and crop alley where the species compete for resources such as space, nutrients, water and light. This competition may induce a decrease of the crop yield. Other studies showed that a root complementarity was established between trees and crops, limiting the competition for water and nutrients. The initialization of deep tree root growth remains poorly understood, even though it is a crucial phase for the well management of agroforestry plots. The objective of this thesis was to characterize the sharing of water and nitrogen during the tree establishment in agricultural plots. The tree fine roots abundance was measured along a chronosequence of seventeen AC ranging from 3 to 12 years old. The water and nitrogen partitioning between trees and crop was monitored on a 4-year-old AC. Tea bags were buried to assess the decomposition of soil organic matter at 30, 50 and 100 cm depth. Several soil samples were taken during these experiments, the main parameters analyzed were water content, nitrogen and organic carbon content and mineral nitrogen content. The chronosequence evidenced that tree fine roots first colonized the topsoil in rows at a young age, but after 5 years of intercropping, they grew mainly vertically in rows before laterally exploring deep soil layers. The 3.5-year-old trees did not impact the water and nitrogen uptake of the crop, but a beginning of competition was detected for the fast-growing trees. Indeed, the soil water content decreased as the trees getting older, especially in topsoil and near the row, contributing to a best use of deep-water resources. Similarly, an increase in soil organic matter was observed in the 10-12-year-old stands in topsoil and within the row, attesting the capacity of AC to store carbon but this process is slow. Finally, the tree fine roots modified the nitrogen dynamics by promoting ammonification. The changes occurring during the conversion from a cropland system to AC are gradual, after 4 years of establishment, trees still had faintly effects on soil resources. Continued monitoring of the AC initialization will allow us to determine if a strong competition for water and nitrogen between the trees and the crop appears, from what age and at what depth
Dupuy, Lionel. "Modélisation de l'ancrage racinaire des arbres forestiers." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12788.
Willaume, Magali. "Influences de diverses opérations de taille et de la croissance rythmique sur le développement racinaire de jeunes chênes blancs (Quercus pubescens)." Avignon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AVIG0316.
To better understand influence of pruning on roots, the pattern of development of the root system of Quercus pubescens was explored in relation to shoot periodical development and various contrasted defoliation treatments (ablations of mature leaves, cotyledons or young developing leaves). Oak seedlings were grown in rhizotrons for dynamic measurements of root morphological responses, or in pots to compare root growth with dynamics of carbohydrate content in different parts of the root system, and auxin content in apical segments. On control seedlings, we noticed during expansion of the leaves of the second flush a transient decrease in taproot elongation, a concomitant decrease in taproot apical diameter and a stronger decrease in lateral root elongation, showing that root growth in young oak trees is actually sensitive to rhythmic growth. Soluble sugar in apical segments was also reduced during second flush expansion, and increased again after the end of aerial growth. Branching was relatively constant after the end of the first flush development. Starch content in cotyledons decreased regularly. Ablation of source organs (mature leaves or cotyledons) amplified the decrease of root growth concomitant with leaf expansion and caused a large decrease in branching density. A large proportion of lateral roots exhibited delayed emergence. Development of primordia was more affected than initiation. When both cotyledons and mature leaves had been removed, growth decrease was enhanced and density of primordia reduced. Soluble sugar content in apices decreased drastically and starch storage in root basal segment was totally emptied 5 days after defoliation, showing a strong shortage in carbohydrates. Soluble sugar content recovered after the end of aerial growth, suggesting a dense recirculation of sugar in plant. No supplementary recourse to starch content in cotyledons was noticeable. In contrast, continuous ablation of sink organs (young leaves) had no significant effect on the root development pattern and maintained at first elongation and branching characteristics, before gradual and slight decrease in lateral root. Apical sugar content was also maintained and starch storage in basal root segments improved. As important auxin sources have been removed in this treatment, a limitation in auxin could have occurred. However, even if auxin apical contents tended to be reduced, no treatment had a significant effect on auxin content. The parallel between pattern of apical sugar content and root growth pattern, and the strong correlations between hexose content in the root apex and its growth rate support the hypothesis of a major control of growth through carbohydrate availability in the root response to periodic growth and defoliation treatments
Plante, Pierre-Manuel. "Distribution racinaire de trois espèces d'arbres implantées en haies brise-vent selon deux types de sol contrastants." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29287/29287.pdf.
Buée, Marc. "Mise en évidence d'un facteur racinaire impliqué dans la croissance des champignons mycorhiciens à arbuscules." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30194.
Sanoja, Elio. "Essai d'application de l'architecture végétale à la systématique : L'exemple de la famille des "Vochysiaceae"." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20291.
Voisin, Anne-Sophie. "Etude du fonctionnement des racines nodulées du pois (Pisum sativum L. ) en relation avec la disponibilité en nitrates du sol, les flux de carbone au sein de la plante et la phénologie : croissance des racines nodulées et activité fixatrice des nodosités." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS005.
Books on the topic "Arbres – Racines (botanique) – Croissance":
Watson, Gary. Landscape Below Ground II: Proceedings of the 2nd Int'L Workshop on Tree Root Development in Urban. Intl Society of Arboriculture, 1998.
Association, Arboricultural, Stationery Office, Nick Jackson, and John Roberts. Tree Roots in the Built Environment. Stationery Office, The, 2013.
Roberts, John, Mark Smith, and Nick Jackson. Tree Roots in the Built Environment (Research for Amenity Trees). Stationery Office, 2006.