Journal articles on the topic 'Arbovirus disease epidemiology'
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1
Adam, Awadalkareem, and Christian Jassoy. "Epidemiology and Laboratory Diagnostics of Dengue, Yellow Fever, Zika, and Chikungunya Virus Infections in Africa." Pathogens 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101324.
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Arbovirus infections are widespread, and their disease burden has increased in the past decade. In Africa, arbovirus infections and fever with unknown etiology are common. Due to the lack of well-established epidemiologic surveillance systems and accurate differential diagnosis in most African countries, little is known about the prevalence of human arbovirus infections in Africa. The aim of this review is to summarize the available epidemiological data and diagnostic laboratory tools of infections with dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya viruses, all transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Studies indicate that these arboviral infections are endemic in most of Africa. Surveillance of the incidence and prevalence of the infections would enable medical doctors to improve the diagnostic accuracy in patients with typical symptoms. If possible, arboviral diagnostic tests should be added to the routine healthcare systems. Healthcare providers should be informed about the prevalent arboviral diseases to identify possible cases.
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Tajudeen, Yusuf Amuda, Iyiola Olatunji Oladunjoye, Mutiat Oluwakemi Mustapha, Sheriff Taye Mustapha, and Nimat Toyosi Ajide-Bamigboye. "Tackling the global health threat of arboviruses: An appraisal of the three holistic approaches to health." Health Promotion Perspectives 11, no. 4 (December 19, 2021): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2021.48.
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Background: The rapid circulation of arboviruses in the human population has been linked with changes in climatic, environmental, and socio-economic conditions. These changes are known to alter the transmission cycles of arboviruses involving the anthropophilic vectors and thus facilitate an extensive geographical distribution of medically important arboviral diseases, thereby posing a significant health threat. Using our current understanding and assessment of relevant literature, this review aimed to understand the underlying factors promoting the spread of arboviruses and how the three most renowned interdisciplinary and holistic approaches to health such as One Health, Eco-Health, and Planetary Health can be a panacea for control of arboviruses. Methods: A comprehensive structured search of relevant databases such as Medline, PubMed, WHO, Scopus, Science Direct, DOAJ, AJOL, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify recent articles on arboviruses and holistic approaches to health using the keywords including "arboviral diseases", "arbovirus vectors", "arboviral infections", "epidemiology of arboviruses", "holistic approaches", "One Health", "Eco-Health", and "Planetary Health" Results: Changes in climatic factors like temperature, humidity, and precipitation support the growth, breeding, and fecundity of arthropod vectors transmitting the arboviral diseases. Increased human migration and urbanization due to socio-economic factors play an important role in population increase leading to the rapid geographical distribution of arthropod vectors and transmission of arboviral diseases. Medical factors like misdiagnosis and misclassification also contribute to the spread of arboviruses. Conclusion: This review highlights two important findings: First, climatic, environmental, socio-economic, and medical factors influence the constant distributions of arthropod vectors. Second, either of the three holistic approaches or a combination of any two can be adopted on arboviral disease control. Our findings underline the need for holistic approaches as the best strategy to mitigating and controlling the emerging and reemerging arboviruses.
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Motlou, Thopisang P., June Williams, and Marietjie Venter. "Epidemiology of Shuni Virus in Horses in South Africa." Viruses 13, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13050937.
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The Orthobunyavirus genus, family Peribunyaviridae, contains several important emerging and re-emerging arboviruses of veterinary and medical importance. These viruses may cause mild febrile illness, to severe encephalitis, fetal deformity, abortion, hemorrhagic fever and death in humans and/or animals. Shuni virus (SHUV) is a zoonotic arbovirus thought to be transmitted by hematophagous arthropods. It was previously reported in a child in Nigeria in 1966 and horses in Southern Africa in the 1970s and again in 2009, and in humans with neurological signs in 2017. Here we investigated the epidemiology and phylogenetic relationship of SHUV strains detected in horses presenting with febrile and neurological signs in South Africa. In total, 24/1820 (1.3%) horses submitted to the zoonotic arbovirus surveillance program tested positive by real-time reverse transcription (RTPCR) between 2009 and 2019. Cases were detected in all provinces with most occurring in Gauteng (9/24, 37.5%). Neurological signs occurred in 21/24 (87.5%) with a fatality rate of 45.8%. Partial sequencing of the nucleocapsid gene clustered the identified strains with SHUV strains previously identified in South Africa (SA). Full genome sequencing of a neurological case detected in 2016 showed 97.8% similarity to the SHUV SA strain (SAE18/09) and 97.5% with the Nigerian strain and 97.1% to the 2014 Israeli strain. Our findings suggest that SHUV is circulating annually in SA and despite it being relatively rare, it causes severe neurological disease and death in horses.
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Zhukova, L. I., G. K. Rafeenko, V. N. Gorodin, and A. A. Vanyukov. "CLINICAL-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF WEST NILE FEVER IN KRASNODAR REGION." Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology, no. 2 (April 28, 2016): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2016-2-74-80.
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Aim. Clinical-epidemiological characteristic of West Nile fever on the territory of Krasnodar Region in multi-year dynamics. Materials and methods. Manifestations of epidemic process and clinical symptoms of West Nile fever (WNF) on the territory of Krasnodar Region were analyzed retrospectively from 1988 to 2013. Results of epidemiologic observations with inclusion of monitoring of arbovirus circulation, carried out by Prichernomorskaya Station of Plague Control and Centre of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Krasnodar Region were used. Clinical course of verified WNF was studied in 62 patients, treated in the Specialized Clinical Infectious Hospital ofKrasnodar in 1999 - 2012. Results. Clinical-epidemiologic characteristic of cases of West Nile fever morbidity on the territory of Krasnodar Region is presented. The presence of acting foci of arbovirus infections was noted. Clinical signs of the disease are established, patients allocated into groups that require examination for West Nile fever. Conclusion. Complex of entomologic-virologic monitoring, prophylactic and counter-epidemic measures was determined, that allow to prevent emergence of dangerous epidemiologic manifestations of foci of the disease in the future.
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Blair, Carol D., Zachary N. Adelman, and Ken E. Olson. "Molecular Strategies for Interrupting Arthropod-Borne Virus Transmission by Mosquitoes." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 13, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 651–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.13.4.651.
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SUMMARY Arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) infections cause a number of emerging and resurgent human and veterinary infectious diseases. Traditional means of controlling arbovirus diseases include vaccination of susceptible vertebrates and mosquito control, but in many cases these have been unavailable or ineffective, and so novel strategies for disease control are needed. One possibility is genetic manipulation of mosquito vectors to render them unable to transmit arboviruses. This review describes recent work to test the concept of pathogen-derived resistance in arthropods by expression of viral genes in mosquito cell cultures and mosquitoes. Sense and antisense genome sequences from La Crosse virus (LAC) (a member of the Bunyaviridae) and dengue viruses serotypes 1 to 4 (DEN-1 to DEN-4) (members of the Flaviviridae) were expressed in mosquito cells from double-subgenomic and replicon vectors based on Sindbis virus (a member of the Togaviridae). The cells were then challenged with homologous or related viruses. For LAC, expression of antisense sequences from the small (S) genome segment, particularly full-length antisense S RNA, effectively interfered with replication of challenge virus, whereas expression of either antisense or sense RNA from the medium (M) segment was completely ineffective in LAC inhibition. Expression of sense and antisense RNA derived from certain regions of the DEN genome also blocked homologous virus replication more effectively than did RNA from other regions. Other parameters of RNA-mediated interference have been defined, such as the time when replication is blocked and the minimum size of effector RNA. The mechanism of RNA inhibition has not been determined, although it resembles double-stranded RNA interference in other nonvertebrate systems. Prospects for application of molecular strategies to control arbovirus diseases are briefly reviewed.
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Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana, Tamas Petrovic, Vladimir Savic, Ljubo Barbic, Irena Tabain, Vladimir Stevanovic, Ana Klobucar, et al. "Epidemiology of Usutu Virus: The European Scenario." Pathogens 9, no. 9 (August 26, 2020): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090699.
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Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging arbovirus isolated in 1959 (Usutu River, Swaziland). Previously restricted to sub-Saharan Africa, the virus was introduced in Europe in 1996. While the USUV has received little attention in Africa, the virus emergence has prompted numerous studies with robust epidemiological surveillance programs in Europe. The natural transmission cycle of USUV involves mosquitoes (vectors) and birds (amplifying hosts) with humans and other mammals considered incidental (“dead-end”) hosts. In Africa, the virus was isolated in mosquitoes, rodents and birds and serologically detected in horses and dogs. In Europe, USUV was detected in bats, whereas antibodies were found in different animal species (horses, dogs, squirrels, wild boar, deer and lizards). While bird mortalities were not reported in Africa, in Europe USUV was shown to be highly pathogenic for several bird species, especially blackbirds (Turdus merula) and great gray owls (Strix nebulosa). Furthermore, neurotropism of USUV for humans was reported for the first time in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Epizootics and genetic diversity of USUV in different bird species as well as detection of the virus in mosquitoes suggest repeated USUV introductions into Europe with endemization in some countries. The zoonotic potential of USUV has been reported in a growing number of human cases. Clinical cases of neuroinvasive disease and USUV fever, as well as seroconversion in blood donors were reported in Europe since 2009. While most USUV strains detected in humans, birds and mosquitoes belong to European USUV lineages, several reports indicate the presence of African lineages as well. Since spreading trends of USUV are likely to continue, continuous multidisciplinary interventions (“One Health” concept) should be conducted for monitoring and prevention of this emerging arboviral infection.
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Harley, David, Adrian Sleigh, and Scott Ritchie. "Ross River Virus Transmission, Infection, and Disease: a Cross-Disciplinary Review." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 14, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 909–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.14.4.909-932.2001.
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SUMMARY Ross River virus (RRV) is a fascinating, important arbovirus that is endemic and enzootic in Australia and Papua New Guinea and was epidemic in the South Pacific in 1979 and 1980. Infection with RRV may cause disease in humans, typically presenting as peripheral polyarthralgia or arthritis, sometimes with fever and rash. RRV disease notifications in Australia average 5,000 per year. The first well-described outbreak occurred in 1928. During World War II there were more outbreaks, and the name epidemic polyarthritis was applied. During a 1956 outbreak, epidemic polyarthritis was linked serologically to a group A arbovirus (Alphavirus). The virus was subsequently isolated from Aedes vigilax mosquitoes in 1963 and then from epidemic polyarthritis patients. We review the literature on the evolutionary biology of RRV, immune response to infection, pathogenesis, serologic diagnosis, disease manifestations, the extraordinary variety of vertebrate hosts, mosquito vectors, and transmission cycles, antibody prevalence, epidemiology of asymptomatic and symptomatic human infection, infection risks, and public health impact. RRV arthritis is due to joint infection, and treatment is currently based on empirical anti-inflammatory regimens. Further research on pathogenesis may improve understanding of the natural history of this disease and lead to new treatment strategies. The burden of morbidity is considerable, and the virus could spread to other countries. To justify and design preventive programs, we need accurate data on economic costs and better understanding of transmission and behavioral and environmental risks.
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Kelvin, Alyson Ann. "Outbreak of Chikungunya in the Republic of Congo and the global picture." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 5, no. 06 (July 2, 2011): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2171.
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Chikungunya fever is a crippling disease caused by an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) transmitted to humans through mosquitoes. Although Chikungunya virus is not often associated with mortality, the effects of virus outbreaks are often devastating, causing significant economic loss due to the strain on health care. Chikungunya is quickly spreading globally as a result of viral genetic mutations leading to the adaptation of new vector hosts and insecticide resistance. The recent outbreak of Chikungunya fever in the republic of Congo has reported thousands of people affected. Here we review the past Chikungunya fever epidemiology and new reports aimed at therapeutic intervention of this disease.
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Yu, Andrew, Emily Ferenczi, Kareem Moussa, Dean Eliott, and Marcelo Matiello. "Clinical Spectrum of West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease." Neurohospitalist 10, no. 1 (August 13, 2019): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941874419868636.
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West Nile virus (WNV) is the most common arbovirus infection in the United States. The diagnosis requires consideration of not only a broad spectrum of presenting symptoms, ranging from a mild febrile illness to severe encephalitis and acute flaccid paralysis, but also public health risk factors and seasonality. There is no approved targeted therapy for WNV, so treatment relies on supportive care, management of neurologic sequelae and airway, treatment of other systems including the eye, and aggressive rehabilitation. Here, we describe a series of 3 cases of WNV encountered in September 2018 at one institution. First, we describe a case of WNV encephalitis with worsened dyskinesias and a relatively good recovery. Second, we describe a severe WNV encephalitis with overlying motor neuron involvement with a poor outcome. Finally, we describe a case of a WNV meningitis with significant bilateral chorioretinitis, an underappreciated complication of WNV infections. Through these cases, we review the epidemiology of WNV, risk factors for infection, the neurologic sequalae and long-term outcomes, and the importance of recognizing ocular involvement to prevent ophthalmologic complications.
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Morgan, Jasmine, Clare Strode, and J. Enrique Salcedo-Sora. "Climatic and socio-economic factors supporting the co-circulation of dengue, Zika and chikungunya in three different ecosystems in Colombia." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): e0009259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009259.
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Dengue, Zika and chikungunya are diseases of global health significance caused by arboviruses and transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, which is of worldwide circulation. The arrival of the Zika and chikungunya viruses to South America increased the complexity of transmission and morbidity caused by these viruses co-circulating in the same vector mosquito species. Here we present an integrated analysis of the reported arbovirus cases between 2007 and 2017 and local climate and socio-economic profiles of three distinct Colombian municipalities (Bello, Cúcuta and Moniquirá). These locations were confirmed as three different ecosystems given their contrasted geographic, climatic and socio-economic profiles. Correlational analyses were conducted with both generalised linear models and generalised additive models for the geographical data. Average temperature, minimum temperature and wind speed were strongly correlated with disease incidence. The transmission of Zika during the 2016 epidemic appeared to decrease circulation of dengue in Cúcuta, an area of sustained high incidence of dengue. Socio-economic factors such as barriers to health and childhood services, inadequate sanitation and poor water supply suggested an unfavourable impact on the transmission of dengue, Zika and chikungunya in all three ecosystems. Socio-demographic influencers were also discussed including the influx of people to Cúcuta, fleeing political and economic instability from neighbouring Venezuela. Aedes aegypti is expanding its range and increasing the global threat of these diseases. It is therefore vital that we learn from the epidemiology of these arboviruses and translate it into an actionable local knowledge base. This is even more acute given the recent historical high of dengue cases in the Americas in 2019, preceding the COVID-19 pandemic, which is itself hampering mosquito control efforts.
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Ribeiro Junior, Marcelo Augusto Fontanelle, Vinicius Cunha Rodrigues, Celia Ya Dan Feng, Alexander Trong Minh Nguyen, Giovana El Khouri Bechara, and Raíssa Reis de Moura. "Yellow Fever." Revista de Medicina 97, no. 4 (December 18, 2018): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v97i4p407-414.
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Since January 2017, there have been at least 1563 suspected cases of Yellow Fever, 629 confirmed cases and 232 confirmed deaths. Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease endemic to the tropical parts of Africa and South America. At the present time, it has presented a significant increase in its incidence in Brazil, with important repercussions and impacts on the public health. This review paper outlines the causes of yellow fever, as well as the disease epidemiology, progression, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. We conclude by reporting on the current epidemic in Brazil and future directions for research. Method: Data from Pubmed, SciELO, Medline and government sources concerning Yellow Fever were used, dating from 2002 to 2018. In the collection of the data the following descriptors were used: Yellow-fever, Aedes, Arbovirus and Flavivirus.
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Tajudeen, Yusuf Amuda, Habeebullah Jayeola Oladipo, Iyiola Olatunji Oladunjoye, Rashidat Onyinoyi Yusuf, Hammed Sodiq, Abass Olawale Omotosho, Damilola Samuel Adesuyi, Sodiq Inaolaji Yusuff, and Mona Said El-Sherbini. "Emerging Arboviruses of Public Health Concern in Africa: Priorities for Future Research and Control Strategies." Challenges 13, no. 2 (November 18, 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe13020060.
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Arboviruses are most prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, where arthropods are widespread. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that the mortality burden of arbovirus diseases, such as yellow fever in Africa, was 84,000–170,000 severe cases and 29,000–60,000 deaths in 2013. These epidemics emphasize the urgent need for integrated control and prevention of arboviral diseases. Challenges in managing and controlling arboviral diseases in Africa are mainly attributed to poor insect vector control, insecticide resistance, and poor sanitation and solid waste management. The removal or reduction of mosquito populations amongst susceptible individuals is identified as the most effective measure to control many vector-borne diseases. Current public health needs call for efficient vector control programs and maintenance of adequate surveillance systems through the availability of trained personnel and rapid diagnostic facilities, providing an interdisciplinary response to control and mitigate the threats of emerging and re-emerging arboviruses. Furthermore, research priorities should focus on understanding the factors responsible for adaptation to other vectors, determinants of infection and transmission, and the development of high efficiency antiviral molecules or candidate vaccines. Here, we explore and review our current understanding of arboviruses of public health importance in Africa, with a focus on emerging arboviruses, their arthropod vectors, and the epidemiology of major arboviruses. Finally, we appraise the role of planetary health in addressing the threat of arboviruses and identify other priority areas of research for effective control.
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Kas’yan, Zh A., E. V. Naidenova, M. V. Proskuryakova, E. A. Mikheeva, T. V. Toan, B. T. T. Nga, V. V. Cuong, and V. V. Kutyrev. "Prevalence of Arboviruses in Vietnam." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 4 (January 25, 2022): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2021-4-27-34.
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For many years, arbovirus infections have been a global health problem and one of the urgent threats to the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population. Climatic conditions, species diversity and abundance of vectors, epidemiological and demographic factors are of fundamental importance for the emergence and persistence of natural foci of arbovirus infections. In the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) and other countries of the Asia-Pacific region, the most complex epidemiological situation is observed in regard to a number of arboviral infectious diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, inter alia to dengue fever. In this review we analyzed the literature data to identify the features of the circulation of some arboviruses in Vietnam, such as dengue virus, Zika, Chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis virus, Dabie virus, and the routes of their transmission and spread. It is shown that the climatic, ecological, epidemiological and demographic conditions existing on the territory of Vietnam contribute to the spread of pathogens of many arboviruses. Areas of more active circulation and ways of spreading pathogens of arbovirus infections have been identified. Based on the data obtained, it is necessary to conduct annual epidemiological and epizootiological survey of the territory of the SRV in order to identify markers of pathogens and determine the boundaries of natural foci of arbovirus infectious diseases which will enhance and increase the effectiveness of preventive and anti-epidemic measures.
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FERRAGUTI, M., J. MARTÍNEZ-DE LA PUENTE, R. SORIGUER, F. LLORENTE, M. Á. JIMÉNEZ-CLAVERO, and J. FIGUEROLA. "West Nile virus-neutralizing antibodies in wild birds from southern Spain." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 9 (February 5, 2016): 1907–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816000133.
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SUMMARYWest Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging vector-borne arbovirus with a zoonotic life-cycle whose main reservoir hosts are birds. In humans and horses, WNV infections rarely result in clinical disease but on occasions – depending on factors such as climatic conditions, insect communities and background immunity levels in local populations – they can lead to outbreaks that threaten public and animal health. We tested for the presence of WNV antibodies in 149 birds belonging to 32 different species. Samples were first tested using a bird-specific ELISA kit and then both positive and doubtful results were confirmed by neutralization tests using WNV and Usutu virus. WNV antibodies were confirmed in a resident Sylvia melanocephala juvenile, supporting the idea of local transmission of WNV in southern Spain in 2013. In addition, the serum from an adult blackbird (Turdus merula) showed neutralization of both WNV and Usutu virus. We discuss our results in light of the occurrence of WNV on horse farms in southern Spain in 2013.
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WANG, H., and P. A. NUTTALL. "Intra-stadial tick-borne Thogoto virus (Orthomyxoviridae) transmission: accelerated arbovirus transmission triggered by host death." Parasitology 122, no. 4 (April 2001): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182001007478.
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Haematophagous insect vectors of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) feed repeatedly. Consequently, they can transmit arboviruses to more than one host during the same developmental stage (intra-stadial transmission). By contrast, ixodid ticks generally feed only once at each parasitic stage (larva, nymph, and adult) and hence they have only one opportunity for tick-borne virus transmission per stadium (inter-stadial transmission). Under natural conditions, tick-infested hosts may die (from disease or other causes) before the ticks have completed their long period of engorgement. A laboratory model was used to investigate the consequences of premature host death on tick-borne virus transmission. We report intra-stadial transmission of Thogoto virus by the nymphal, male, and female ticks of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Tick-borne Thogoto virus infection caused viraemia and death of hamsters before the nymphal and adult ticks feeding on them had completed engorgement. The resulting partially fed ticks were allowed to continue engorgement on new, uninfected hosts (interrupted feeding). During feeding on the subsequent hosts, they transmitted the virus intra-stadially to susceptible hosts (hamsters), and to uninfected co-feeding ticks on non-susceptible hosts (guinea-pigs). Intra-stadial transmission, mediated by interrupted feeding, may help explain outbreaks of rapid and fatal tick-borne viral diseases, and the epidemiology as well as evolution of virulence, in a susceptible host population. Additionally, intra-stadial transmission provides an increased risk of tick-borne pathogen transmission to humans and domestic animals during slaughter and game hunting.
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Zhang, Xirui, Hao Yuan, Zipeng Yang, Xiaoyu Hu, Yasser S. Mahmmod, Xiaojing Zhu, Cuiping Zhao, et al. "SARS-CoV-2: An Updated Review Highlighting Its Evolution and Treatments." Vaccines 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 2145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122145.
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Since the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, pharmaceutical companies and researchers worldwide have worked hard to develop vaccines and drugs to end the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The potential pathogen responsible for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), SARS-CoV-2, belongs to a novel lineage of beta coronaviruses in the subgenus arbovirus. Antiviral drugs, convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines are effective treatments for SARS-CoV-2 and are beneficial in preventing infection. Numerous studies have already been conducted using the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with that of other SARS-like viruses, and numerous treatments/prevention measures are currently undergoing or have already undergone clinical trials. We summarize these studies in depth in the hopes of highlighting some key details that will help us to better understand the viral origin, epidemiology, and treatments of the virus.
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Silva, Eliane Oliveira da, and Laís Ferrari dos Santos. "Dengue na Bahia: análise espaço-temporal entre os anos de 2007 e 2017." Revista de Saúde Coletiva da UEFS 11, no. 2 (November 16, 2021): e7189. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/rscdauefs.v11i2.7189.
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Introdução: A dengue é uma arbovirose de grande relevância para Saúde Pública devido às recorrentes epidemias. Objetivo: Esse estudo buscou avaliar a distribuição espaço-temporal da dengue por municípios do estado da Bahia, entre os anos de 2007 e 2017. Método: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico quantitativo descritivo, os dados foram retirados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil (DATASUS). Resultados: Identificou-se, no período do estudo (2007 a 2017) que foram notificados 333.246 casos prováveis de dengue na Bahia. A incidência média desse período foi de 298,68 casos por 100 mil habitantes e, durante esses anos, cerca de 46 municípios estiveram entre os 10 com maior número de casos de dengue. Percebe-se que, nesse estado, a doença teve ampla dispersão, porém cerca de dez municípios, anualmente, concentram os maiores números de casos prováveis. Discussão: Outros estudosdemonstram comportamentos semelhantes aos achados desse estudo, o qual percebe que estamos diante de um problema crônico e que gera grandes impactos na saúde e na qualidade de vida da população. Conclusão: O presente trabalho não abrange uma análise minuciosa, logo é interessante o desenvolvimento de mais estudos, considerando os territórios específicos, buscando compreender causas e encontrar soluções efetivas de enfretamento. ABSTRACT Introduction: Dengue is an arbovirus of great relevance for Public Health due to the recurrent epidemics. Objective: Thisstudy sought to evaluate the spatio-temporal distribution of dengue by municipalities in the state of Bahia between theyears 2007 to 2017. Methods: This is a descriptive quantitative epidemiological study, the data were taken from theDepartment of Informatics of the Unified System of Health in Brazil (DATASUS). Results: During the study period (2007to 2017), 333,246 probable cases of dengue were reported in Bahia. The average incidence of that period was 298.68cases per 100 thousand inhabitants and, during those years, about 46 municipalities were among the ten with the highest number of dengue cases. It is noticed that in this state the disease had a wide dispersion, but about ten municipalities, annually, concentrate the largest numbers of probable cases. Discussion: Other studies demonstrate behaviors similar to the findings of this study, which realizes that we are facing a chronic problem and that has major impacts on the health and quality of life of the population. Conclusion: The present work does not cover a thorough analysis, so it is interesting to develop more studies, considering the specific territories, seeking to understand causes and find effectivecoping solutions. Keywords: Dengue; Arbovirus; Epidemiology. RESUMEN Introducción: El dengue es un arbovirus de gran relevancia para la Salud Pública debido a las epidemias recurrentes. Objetivo: Este estudio buscó evaluar la distribución espaciotemporal del dengue por municipios del estado de Bahía entre los años 2007 a 2017. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico cuantitativo descriptivo, los datos fueron tomados del Departamento de Informática de la Unificada. Sistema de Salud de Brasil (DATASUS). Resultados: Durante el período de estudio (2007 a 2017) se reportaron 333.246 casos probables de dengue en Bahía. La incidencia promedio de ese período fue de 298.68 casos por cada 100 mil habitantes y, durante esos años, cerca de 46 municipios estaban entre 10 con mayor número de casos de dengue. Se observa que en este estado la enfermedad tuvo una amplia dispersión,sin embargo alrededor de diez municipios, anualmente, concentran la mayor cantidad de casos probables. Discusión: Otros estudios demuestran comportamientos similares a los hallazgos de este estudio, el cual da cuenta de que estamos ante un problema crónico que genera importantes impactos en la salud y calidad de vida de la población. Conclusión: Elpresente trabajo no cubre un análisis exhaustivo, por lo que es interesante desarrollar más estudios, considerando losterritorios específicos, buscando comprender las causas y encontrar soluciones de afrontamiento efectivas. Palabras clave: Dengue; Arbovirus; Epidemiología.
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Walsh, Christine E. S., Michael A. Robert, and Rebecca C. Christofferson. "Observational Characterization of the Ecological and Environmental Features Associated with the Presence of Oropouche Virus and the Primary Vector Culicoides paraenesis: Data Synthesis and Systematic Review." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 6, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6030143.
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Oropouche virus (OROV), a member of the Orthobunyavirus genus, is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) and is the etiologic agent of human and animal disease. The primary vector of OROV is presumed to be the biting midge, Culicoides paraenesis, though Culex quinquefasciatus, Cq. venezuelensis, and Aedes serratus mosquitoes are considered secondary vectors. The objective of this systematic review is to characterize locations where OROV and/or its primary vector have been detected. Synthesis of known data through review of published literature regarding OROV and vectors was carried out through two independent searches: one search targeted to OROV, and another targeted towards the primary vector. A total of 911 records were returned, but only 90 (9.9%) articles satisfied all inclusion criteria. When locations were characterized, some common features were noted more frequently than others, though no one characteristic was significantly associated with presence of OROV using a logistic classification model. In a separate correlation analysis, vector presence was significantly correlated only with the presence of restingas. The lack of significant relationships is likely due to the paucity of data regarding OROV and its eco-epidemiology and highlights the importance of continued focus on characterizing this and other neglected tropical diseases.
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Madzokere, Eugene T., Wei Qian, Julie A. Webster, Daniel M. H. Walker, Elisa X. Y. Lim, David Harley, and Lara J. Herrero. "Human Seroprevalence for Dengue, Ross River, and Barmah Forest viruses in Australia and the Pacific: A systematic review spanning seven decades." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 4 (April 29, 2022): e0010314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010314.
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Background Dengue (DENV), Ross River (RRV) and Barmah Forest viruses (BFV) are the most common human arboviral infections in Australia and the Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) and are associated with debilitating symptoms. All are nationally notifiable in Australia, but routine surveillance is limited to a few locations in the PICTs. Understanding the level of human exposure to these viruses can inform disease management and mitigation strategies. To assess the historic and current seroprevalence of DENV, RRV and BFV in Australia and the PICTs we conducted a systematic literature review of all published quantitative serosurveys. Methodology and principal findings The Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses procedures were adopted to produce a protocol to systematically search for published studies reporting the seroprevalence of DENV, RRV and BFV in Australia and the PICTs. Data for author, research year, location, study population, serosurvey methods and positive tests were extracted. A total of 41 papers, reporting 78 serosurveys of DENV, RRV and BFV including 62,327 samples met the inclusion criteria for this review. Seroprevalence varied depending on the assay used, strategy of sample collection and location of the study population. Significant differences were observed in reported seropositivity depending on the sample collection strategy with clinically targeted sampling reporting the highest seroprevalence across all three viruses. Non-stratified seroprevalence showed wide ranges in reported positivity with DENV 0.0% -95.6%, RRV 0.0%-100.0%, and BFV 0.3% to 12.5%. We discuss some of the causes of variation including serological methods used, selection bias in sample collection including clinical or environmental associations, and location of study site. We consider the extent to which serosurveys reflect the epidemiology of the viruses and provide broad recommendations regarding the conduct and reporting of arbovirus serosurveys. Conclusions and significance Human serosurveys provide important information on the extent of human exposure to arboviruses across: (1) time, (2) place, and (3) person (e.g., age, gender, clinical presentation etc). Interpreting results obtained at these scales has the potential to inform us about transmission cycles, improve diagnostic surveillance, and mitigate future outbreaks. Future research should streamline methods and reduce bias to allow a better understanding of the burden of these diseases and the factors associated with seroprevalence. Greater consideration should be given to the interpretation of seroprevalence in studies, and increased rigour applied in linking seroprevalence to transmission dynamics.
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Paton, Robert S., and Michael B. Bonsall. "The ecological and epidemiological consequences of reproductive interference between the vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 156 (July 2019): 20190270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0270.
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Vector ecology is integral to understanding the transmission of vector-borne diseases, with processes such as reproduction and competition pivotal in determining vector presence and abundance. The arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus compete as larvae, but this mechanism is insufficient to explain patterns of coexistence and exclusion. Inviable interspecies matings—known as reproductive interference—is another candidate mechanism. Here, we analyse mathematical models of mosquito population dynamics and epidemiology which include two Aedes -specific features of reproductive interference. First, as these mosquitoes use hosts to find mates, reproductive interference will only occur if the same host is visited. Host choice will, in turn, be determined by behavioural responses to host availability. Second, females can become sterilized after mis-mating with heterospecifics. We find that a species with an affinity for a shared host will suffer more from reproductive interference than a less selective competitor. Costs from reproductive interference can be ‘traded-off’ against costs from larval competition, leading to competitive outcomes that are difficult to predict from empirical evidence. Sterilizations of a self-limiting species can counterintuitively lead to higher densities than a competitor suffering less sterilization. We identify that behavioural responses and reproductive interference mediate a concomitant relationship between vector ecological dynamics and epidemiology. Competitors with opposite behavioural responses can maintain disease where human hosts are rare, due to vector coexistence facilitated by a reduced cost from reproductive interference. Our work elucidates the relative roles of the competitive mechanisms governing Aedes populations and the associated epidemiological consequences.
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Phumee, Atchara, Rome Buathong, Rungfar Boonserm, Proawpilart Intayot, Nucharat Aungsananta, Akanitt Jittmittraphap, Yutthana Joyjinda, Supaporn Wacharapluesadee, and Padet Siriyasatien. "Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Zika Virus from Field-Caught Mosquitoes in Various Regions of Thailand." Pathogens 8, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8010030.
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Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is an emerging and re-emerging arbovirus disease that is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. ZIKV infections were first described in Thailand in 1954 from the sera of indigenous residents and several travelers returning from Thailand in 2014. However, reported cases in Thailand have been increasing since 2015 and 2016, and epidemiological information about the vectors of ZIKV is unclear. We investigated the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of ZIKV from mosquitoes collected from different geographic regions experiencing ZIKV outbreaks in Thailand. Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the non-structural protein (NS5) gene of ZIKV, which was then sequenced. A total of 1026 mosquito samples (626 females, 367 males, and 33 larvae) were collected from active ZIKV patients’ houses. ZIKV was detected in 79 samples (7.7%), including Aedes aegypti (2.24% female, 1.27% male, and 0.19% larvae), Culex quinquefasciatus (1.85% female, 1.66% male, and 0.29% larvae), and Armigeres subalbatus (0.1% female and 0.1% male), whereas no ZIKV was detected in Aedes albopictus. Phylogenetic analysis of the 79 positive samples were classified into two clades: Those closely related to a previous report in Thailand, and those related to ZIKV found in the Americas. This is the first report of the detection of ZIKV in Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Ar. subalbatus mosquitoes, and genetic variations of ZIKV in the mosquitoes collected from several geographic regions of Thailand were examined. Detection of ZIKV in male and larval mosquitoes suggests that vertical transmission of ZIKV occurred in these mosquito species. This study provides a more in-depth understanding of the patterns and epidemiologic data of ZIKV in Thailand; the data could be used for future development of more effective prevention and control strategies of ZIKV in Thailand.
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Gil, Laura H. V. G., Tereza Magalhaes, Beatriz S. A. S. Santos, Livia V. Oliveira, Edmilson F. Oliveira-Filho, João L. R. Cunha, Ana L. S. Fraiha, et al. "Active Circulation of Madariaga Virus, a Member of the Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Complex, in Northeast Brazil." Pathogens 10, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10080983.
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Madariaga virus (MADV) is a member of the eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) complex that circulates in Central and South America. It is a zoonotic, mosquito-borne pathogen, belonging to the family Togaviridae. Disturbances in the natural transmission cycle of this virus result in outbreaks in equines and humans, leading to high case fatality in the former and acute febrile illness or neurological disease in the latter. Although a considerable amount of knowledge exists on the eco-epidemiology of North American EEEV strains, little is known about MADV. In Brazil, the most recent isolations of MADV occurred in 2009 in the States of Paraíba and Ceará, northeast Brazil. Because of that, health authorities have recommended vaccination of animals in these regions. However, in 2019 an equine encephalitis outbreak was reported in a municipality in Ceará. Here, we present the isolation of MADV from two horses that died in this outbreak. The full-length genome of these viruses was sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses performed. Pathological findings from postmortem examination are also discussed. We conclude that MADV is actively circulating in northeast Brazil despite vaccination programs, and call attention to this arbovirus that likely represents an emerging pathogen in Latin America.
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Lima, Maura Antonia, Nicolina Silvana Romano-Lieber, and Ana Maria Ribeiro de Castro Duarte. "Circulation of antibodies against yellow fever virus in a simian population in the area of Porto Primavera Hydroelectric Plant, São Paulo, Brazil." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 52, no. 1 (February 2010): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652010000100002.
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Yellow fever (YF) is an acute viral infectious disease transmitted by mosquitoes which occurs in two distinct epidemiological cycles: sylvatic and urban. In the sylvatic cycle, the virus is maintained by monkey's infection and transovarian transmission in vectors. Surveillance of non-human primates is required for the detection of viral circulation during epizootics, and for the identification of unaffected or transition areas. An ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was standardized for estimation of the prevalence of IgG antibodies against yellow fever virus in monkey sera (Alouatta caraya) from the reservoir area of Porto Primavera Hydroelectric Plant, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 570 monkey sera samples were tested and none was reactive to antibodies against yellow fever virus. The results corroborate the epidemiology of yellow fever in the area. Even though it is considered a transition area, there were no reports to date of epizootics or yellow fever outbreaks in humans. Also, entomological investigations did not detect the presence of vectors of this arbovirus infection. ELISA proved to be fast, sensitive, an adequate assay, and an instrument for active search in the epidemiological surveillance of yellow fever allowing the implementation of prevention actions, even before the occurrence of epizootics.
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Khatri, Sweety, Chandni Dhanoriya, and Deepak Kumar Jain. "Zika virus (ZIKV) disease: past, present and future." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 6-s (December 15, 2018): 320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6-s.2076.
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The mosquito-borne arbovirus Zika virus (positive-stranded RNA virus, ZIKV, Flavivirus, Flaviviridae), has caused an outbreak imposing by its extent and quick spread. This became the focus of a current pandemic and public health crisis all around the world because of the incessant geographic growth of both the virus and its mosquito vectors; it is often misdiagnosed with other disease like yellow fever, west nile, dengue and chikungunya because of same clinical manifestation. After unprecedented huge scale outbreak of ZIKV in Pacific, Micronesian island of Yap in 2007, though ZIKV infections are in general sporadic cases or causing mild self-limiting illness, harsh symptoms have been explained including neurological disorders, autoimmune disorder, fetal anomalies, impaired central nervous system of the fetus, microcephaly in newborns, meningoencephalitis, myelitis and Guillain Barre´Syndrome supposed to be linked with ZIKV. The virus is transmitted mainly by a mosquito Aedes aegypti, whereas, other routes of viral broadcast includes monkey bite, coitus and body fluids such as semen, blood and saliva which needs further corroboration. The relationship between these conditions with ZIKV infection is still not established and is under assessment. Till now there is no vaccine or specific antiviral against ZIKV, therefore the public health authority focuses on preventing infection, mainly in pregnant women and virus transmitted area. WHO and other health officials are working on the expansion of new projects and mosquito control techniques to manage up with infection as there is very fewer literature present on the pathogenesis of the ZIKV to help understand the clinical disease spectrum and target treatments to decrease or stop infection. The future status of ZIKV dispersal to other parts of the world is still unknown. The present review emphasizes various features of ZIKV and its history, epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestations, progress and advances in developing effective diagnostics, vaccines and drugs/therapeutics along with accepting suitable avoidance and control strategies to undertake this deadly emerging disease.
Keywords: Zika virus, Flavivirus, Aedes aegypti, Pregnancy, Transmission, Microcephaly, Africa
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Casel, Mark Anthony, Su Jin Park, and Young Ki Choi. "Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus: emerging novel phlebovirus and their control strategy." Experimental & Molecular Medicine 53, no. 5 (May 2021): 713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-021-00610-1.
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AbstractAn emerging infectious disease first identified in central China in 2009, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) was found to be caused by a novel phlebovirus. Since SFTSV was first identified, epidemics have occurred in several East Asian countries. With the escalating incidence of SFTS and the rapid, worldwide spread of SFTSV vector, it is clear this virus has pandemic potential and presents an impending global public health threat. In this review, we concisely summarize the latest findings regarding SFTSV, including vector and virus transmission, genotype diversity and epidemiology, probable pathogenic mechanism, and clinical presentation of human SFTS. Ticks most likely transmit SFTSV to animals including humans; however, human-to-human transmission has been reported. The majority of arbovirus transmission cycle includes vertebrate hosts, and potential reservoirs include a variety of both domestic and wild animals. Reports of the seroprevalence of SFTSV in both wild and domestic animals raises the probability that domestic animals act as amplifying hosts for the virus. Major clinical manifestation of human SFTS infection is high fever, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and a high case-fatality rate. Several animal models were developed to further understand the pathogenesis of the virus and aid in the discovery of therapeutics and preventive measures.
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Ahmed, Ayman, Isabelle Dietrich, A. Desiree LaBeaud, Steve W. Lindsay, Ahmed Musa, and Scott C. Weaver. "Risks and Challenges of Arboviral Diseases in Sudan: The Urgent Need for Actions." Viruses 12, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12010081.
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The risk of emergence and/or re-emergence of arthropod-borne viral (arboviral) infections is rapidly growing worldwide, particularly in Africa. The burden of arboviral infections and diseases is not well scrutinized because of the inefficient surveillance systems in endemic countries. Furthermore, the health systems are fully occupied by the burden of other co-existing febrile illnesses, especially malaria. In this review we summarize the epidemiology and risk factors associated with the major human arboviral diseases and highlight the gap in knowledge, research, and control in Sudan. Published data in English up to March 2019 were reviewed and are discussed to identify the risks and challenges for the control of arboviruses in the country. In addition, the lack of suitable diagnostic tools such as viral genome sequencing, and the urgent need for establishing a genomic database of the circulating viruses and potential sources of entry are discussed. Moreover, the research and healthcare gaps and global health threats are analyzed, and suggestions for developing strategic health policy for the prevention and control of arboviruses with focus on building the local diagnostic and research capacity and establishing an early warning surveillance system for the early detection and containment of arboviral epidemics are offered.
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Whiteman, Ari, Eric Delmelle, Tyler Rapp, Shi Chen, Gang Chen, and Michael Dulin. "A Novel Sampling Method to Measure Socioeconomic Drivers of Aedes Albopictus Distribution in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 5, 2018): 2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102179.
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Climate change, urbanization, and globalization have facilitated the spread of Aedes mosquitoes into regions that were previously unsuitable, causing an increased threat of arbovirus transmission on a global scale. While numerous studies have addressed the urban ecology of Ae. albopictus, few have accounted for socioeconomic factors that affect their range in urban regions. Here we introduce an original sampling design for Ae. albopictus, that uses a spatial optimization process to identify urban collection sites based on both geographic parameters as well as the gradient of socioeconomic variables present in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, encompassing the city of Charlotte, a rapidly growing urban environment. We collected 3,645 specimens of Ae. albopictus (87% of total samples) across 12 weeks at the 90 optimized site locations and modelled the relationships between the abundance of gravid Ae. albopictus and a variety of neighborhood socioeconomic attributes as well as land cover characteristics. Our results demonstrate that the abundance of gravid Ae. albopictus is inversely related to the socioeconomic status of the neighborhood and directly related to both landscape heterogeneity as well as proportions of particular resident races/ethnicities. We present our results alongside a description of our novel sampling scheme and its usefulness as an approach to urban vector epidemiology. Additionally, we supply recommendations for future investigations into the socioeconomic determinants of vector-borne disease risk.
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KULKARNI, M. A., A. COMTOIS LECOCQ, H. ARTSOB, M. A. DREBOT, and N. H. OGDEN. "Epidemiology and aetiology of encephalitis in Canada, 1994–2008: a case for undiagnosed arboviral agents?" Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 11 (November 13, 2012): 2243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881200252x.
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SUMMARYEncephalitis is a clinical syndrome often associated with infectious agents. This study describes the epidemiology and disease burden associated with encephalitis in Canada and explores possible associations with arboviral causes. Encephalitis-associated hospitalizations, 1994–2008, were analysed according to aetiological category (based on ICD-9/ICD-10 codes) and other factors using multivariate logistic regression for grouped (blocked) data and negative binomial regression. A discrete Poisson model tested spatio-temporal clustering of hospitalizations associated with unclassified and arboviral encephalitis aetiologies. Encephalitis accounted for an estimated 24028 hospitalizations in Canada (5·2/100 000 population) and unknown aetiologies represented 50% of these hospitalizations. In 2003, clusters of unclassified encephalitis were identified in the summer and early autumn months signifying potential underlying arboviral aetiologies. Spatio-temporal patterns in encephalitis hospitalizations may help us to better understand the disease burden associated with arboviruses and other zoonotic pathogens in Canada and to develop appropriate surveillance systems.
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CADOT, L., M. SEGONDY, and V. FOULONGNE. "Laboratory surveillance of arboviral infections in a southern France region colonized byAedes albopictus." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816002818.
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SUMMARYThe establishment ofAedes albopictusin southern France, a recognized competent vector for several arboviruses, represents a new threat for the local transmission and spread of what were until recently considered as tropical diseases. A preparedness and response plan, based on vigilance of both clinicians and laboratories, has introduced significant changes in guidelines and behaviour regarding patients’ care specifically during the activity period of mosquitoes. In the present study, we report the results of a 1-year activity in arboviral infection diagnosis. A total of 141 patients were included in this retrospective study. The number of suspected imported and autochthonous cases was 69 and 72, respectively. A diagnosis of arboviral infection was confirmed for 15 (21·7%) suspected imported cases, with identification of 13 dengue viruses, one chikungunya virus and one Zika virus. No autochthonous cases were detected. This report illustrates the increase in requests for arboviral infection diagnosis and confirms the challenge with identifying autochthonous arboviral infection cases in many unspecific febrile syndromes.
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RIDDLE, M. S., J. M. ALTHOFF, K. EARHART, M. R. MONTEVILLE, S. L. YINGST, E. W. MOHAREB, S. D. PUTNAM, and J. W. SANDERS. "Serological evidence of arboviral infection and self-reported febrile illness among U.S. troops deployed to Al Asad, Iraq." Epidemiology and Infection 136, no. 5 (June 25, 2007): 665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268807009016.
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SUMMARYUnderstanding the epidemiology of current health threats to deployed U.S. troops is important for medical assessment and planning. As part of a 2004 study among U.S. military personnel deployed to Al Asad Air Base, in the western Anbar Province of Iraq, over 500 subjects were enrolled, provided a blood specimen, and completed a questionnaire regarding history of febrile illness during this deployment (average ∼4 months in country). This mid-deployment serum was compared to pre-deployment samples (collected ∼3 months prior to deployment) and evaluated for seroconversion to a select panel of regional arboviral pathogens. At least one episode of febrile illness was reported in 84/504 (17%) of the troops surveyed. Seroconversion was documented in nine (2%) of deployed forces tested, with no association to febrile illness. Self-reported febrile illness was uncommon although often debilitating, and the risk of illness due to arbovirus infections was relatively low.
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ROCHELEAU, J. P., P. MICHEL, L. R. LINDSAY, M. DREBOT, A. DIBERNARDO, N. H. OGDEN, A. FORTIN, and J. ARSENAULT. "Emerging arboviruses in Quebec, Canada: assessing public health risk by serology in humans, horses and pet dogs." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 14 (September 28, 2017): 2940–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817002205.
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SUMMARYPeriodic outbreaks of West Nile virus (WNV), Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) and to a lesser extent, California serogroup viruses (CSGV), have been reported in parts of Canada in the last decade. This study was designed to provide a broad assessment of arboviral activity in Quebec, Canada, by conducting serological surveys for these arboviruses in 196 horses, 1442 dogs and 485 humans. Sera were screened by a competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and positive samples confirmed by plaque reduction neutralisation tests. The percentage of seropositive samples was 83·7%, 16·5%, 7·1% in horses, 18·8%, 0·6%, 0% in humans, 11·7%, 3·1%, 0% in adult dogs and 2·9%, 0·3%, 0% in juvenile dogs for CSGV, WNV and EEEV, respectively. Serological results in horses and dogs appeared to provide a meaningful assessment of risk to public health posed by multiple arboviruses.
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Coelho, Flavio C., and Claudia T. Codeço. "Precision epidemiology of arboviral diseases." Journal of Public Health and Emergency 3 (January 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jphe.2018.12.03.
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Vasilakis, Nikos, Robert B. Tesh, Vsevolod L. Popov, Steve G. Widen, Thomas G. Wood, Naomi L. Forrester, Jean Paul Gonzalez, et al. "Exploiting the Legacy of the Arbovirus Hunters." Viruses 11, no. 5 (May 23, 2019): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11050471.
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In recent years, it has become evident that a generational gap has developed in the community of arbovirus research. This apparent gap is due to the dis-investment of training for the next generation of arbovirologists, which threatens to derail the rich history of virus discovery, field epidemiology, and understanding of the richness of diversity that surrounds us. On the other hand, new technologies have resulted in an explosion of virus discovery that is constantly redefining the virosphere and the evolutionary relationships between viruses. This paradox presents new challenges that may have immediate and disastrous consequences for public health when yet to be discovered arboviruses emerge. In this review we endeavor to bridge this gap by providing a historical context for the work being conducted today and provide continuity between the generations. To this end, we will provide a narrative of the thrill of scientific discovery and excitement and the challenges lying ahead.
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Krystosik, Amy, Andrew Curtis, A. LaBeaud, Diana Dávalos, Robinson Pacheco, Paola Buritica, Álvaro Álvarez, Madhav Bhatta, Jorge Rojas Palacios, and Mark James. "Neighborhood Violence Impacts Disease Control and Surveillance: Case Study of Cali, Colombia from 2014 to 2016." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (September 29, 2018): 2144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102144.
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Arboviruses are responsible for a large burden of disease globally and are thus subject to intense epidemiological scrutiny. However, a variable notably absent from most epidemiological analyses has been the impact of violence on arboviral transmission and surveillance. Violence impedes surveillance and delivery of health and preventative services and affects an individual’s health-related behaviors when survival takes priority. Moreover, low and middle-income countries bear a disproportionately high burden of violence and related health outcomes, including vector borne diseases. To better understand the epidemiology of arboviral outbreaks in Cali, Colombia, we georeferenced chikungunya (CHIKV), dengue (DENV), and Zika (ZIKV) viral cases from The National System of Surveillance in Public Health between October 2014 and April 2016. We extracted homicide data from the municipal monthly reports and kernel density of homicide distribution from IdeasPaz. Crucially, an overall higher risk of homicide is associated with increased risk of reported DENV, lower rates of acute testing, and higher rates of lab versus clinical discordance. In the context of high violence as a potential barrier to access to preventive health services, a community approach to improve health and peace should be considered.
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Kononenko, A. A., and S. S. Vodyanitskaya. "About the characteristics of «internal» and «external» epidemiological risks in the territory Rostov region." Medical Herald of the South of Russia 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21886/2219-8075-2020-11-2-46-54.
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Objective: to identify some «internal» and «external» risks that are signifi cant for the Rostov region and calculate their quantitative characteristics.Materials and methods: materials for «internal» risks in the administrative territories of the Rostov region served materials FBUZ «Center of hygiene and epidemiology in the Rostov region» on the incidence of Crimean hemorrhagic fever (KGL) and West Nile (LSN) during the period 2004 – 2017 as a whole across the Rostov region and the slit regions, the data of the regional law «About administrative-territorial structure of Rostov region», the Results of the national census. To determine the «internal» risks, we used the guidelines developed by us «Methodology for assessing the territory of the subject of the Russian Federation on the integral indicator of population morbidity with arbovirus infections», approved by Th e decision of the Academic Council of the Rostov-on-Don anti-plague Institute of Rospotrebnadzor and approved by the Director.Results: based on the results of the ranking of the territory of the Rostov region on the incidence of KGL and LDL, the degree of epidemiological risk was assessed and «risk territories» were identifi ed for these nosologies, which can serve as a basis for risk management — making scientifi cally based management decisions. To calculate the magnitude of the «external» risk and further spread of the disease, you can use various methods to assess the probability of adverse development of the epidemiological situation under the infl uence of various risk factors. Epidemiological risk can also be characterized by multiplying the individual risk by the population exposed to risk factors.Conclusions: identifi cation and calculation of risk levels depending on risk factors will help determine the scope of management decisions, and the specifi cation of risk factors will allow you to develop specifi c measures to reduce risk.
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Giménez-Richarte, Ángel, María Isabel Ortiz de Salazar, María-Paz Giménez-Richarte, Miriam Collado, Pedro Luís Fernández, Carlos Clavijo, Laura Navarro, Cristina Arbona, Pascual Marco, and Jose-Manuel Ramos-Rincon. "Transfusion-transmitted arboviruses: Update and systematic review." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 10 (October 6, 2022): e0010843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010843.
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Background The detection of the first cases of transfusion-transmitted West Nile virus in 2002 posed a new challenge for transfusion safety. Institutions like the World Health Organization have stated that blood transfusion centers need to know the epidemiology of the different emerging infectious agents and their impact on blood transfusion. The aim of the study is to review the published cases of arbovirus transmission through transfusion of blood or blood components and to analyze their main clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Material and methods Systematic literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus. Pairs of review authors selected a variety of scientific publications reporting cases of transfusion-transmitted arboviruses. Main clinical and epidemiological characteristics were reviewed of the cases described. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO CRD42021270355. Results A total of 74 cases of transfusion-transmitted infections were identified from 10 arboviruses: West Nile virus (n = 42), dengue virus (n = 18), Zika virus (n = 3), yellow fever vaccine virus (n = 3), tick-borne encephalitis virus (n = 2), Japanese encephalitis virus (n = 2), Powassan virus (n = 1), St. Louis encephalitis virus (n = 1), Ross River virus (n = 1) and Colorado tick fever virus (n = 1). The blood component most commonly involved was red blood cells (N = 35, 47.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 35.9% to 58.7%). In 54.1% (N = 40; 95% CI: 42.7%-65.47%) of the cases, the recipient was immunosuppressed. Transmission resulted in death in 18.9% (N = 14; 95% CI: 10.0%-27.8%) of the recipients. In addition, 18 additional arboviruses were identified with a potential threat to transfusion safety. Discussion In the last 20 years, the number of published cases of transfusion-transmitted arboviruses increased notably, implicating new arboviruses. In addition, a significant number of arboviruses that may pose a threat to transfusion safety were detected. In the coming years, it is expected that transmission of arboviruses will continue to expand globally. It is therefore essential that all responsible agencies prepare for this potential threat to transfusion safety.
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Carolina Salustino dos Santos, Maria, Allan Victor Assis Eloy, Anne Karine de Assunção Almeida, Jefferson Allyson Gomes Ferreira, Nathalia Claudino do Nascimento, Debora Evelly da Silva Olanda, Mateus Fernandes Filgueiras, et al. "ARBOVIROSIS." Health and Society 2, no. 02 (November 29, 2022): 07–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51249/hs.v2i02.1004.
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Arboviruses are diseases caused by viruses and transmitted by contaminated saliva of hematophagous arthropods during blood meal. The objective is: to analyze scientific productions on the subject of epidemiology and collective care in the context of arboviruses. Study of the integrative, descriptive, exploratory and qualitative review modality. Data collection took place in August, 2022, in the following scientific databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS); Online Scientific Electronic Library (SciELO); Medical Literature Review (MEDLINE/PUBMED); Web Of Science and Google Scholar. To carry out the search effectively, the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) were defined, which are: Arboviruses; Caution; Epidemiology; Health. The steps established by PRISMA were followed. 07 scientific productions on the subject were gathered. Studies from the year 2022 predominated, in which all of them addressed various aspects related to environmental health, from the symptoms of the disease to its collective impact.
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Ugleva, S. V., V. G. Akimkin, Z. B. Ponezheva, R. R. Akhmerova, A. E. Spirenkova, Y. Y. Chernikova, and S. V. Shabalina. "Epidemiological Community and Differences of Transmissive Infections in Astrakhan Region." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 20, no. 6 (January 5, 2022): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-6-63-71.
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Relevance. The territory of the Astrakhan region hosts natural foci of severe infections of arbovirus etiology – Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and Astrakhan fever (spotted fever resembling the Mediterranean spotted fever, Astrakhan spotted fever (ASF). The long-term average incidence of CCHF and ASF in the Astrakhan region is to 11 and 135 times higher, respectively, than the average incidence in the Russian Federation. Aims. To present, based on epidemiological data, a comparative characterization of transmissible infections of CCHF and ASF in the Astrakhan region. Materials & Methods. The main method of the study was epidemiological. The data for 2000−2016 of primary medical documentation Ф.058/у «Emergency notification of infectious disease, food, acute occupational poisoning, unusual reaction to vaccination», federal statistical observation Ф. 2 «Information on infectious and parasitic diseases», Ф. 357/у «Epidemiological examination card of infectious disease focus», Ф. .003/у «Medical card of inpatient patient», presented by Center of hygiene and epidemiology in Astrakhan region. For retrospective epidemiological analysis, we studied the absolute and intensive morbidity indicators (per 100 ths population), by age, professional groups, and among the urban and rural population. Based on the average long-term morbidity indicators of the population, a mapping of the territory of the Astrakhan region was carried out. The influence of natural and climatic conditions on the epidemic process of CCHF and ASF was assessed by meteorological data (amount of precipitation, air temperature, etc.). Materials of long-term observation over 11 districts of Astrakhan region and Astrakhan city were analyzed, including data on the spread of Ixodid ticks, population contact with them (according to the attendance of people to treatment-and-prophylactic organizations of the region). Statistical data processing was carried out using the method of straight-line alignment of dynamic series of morbidity indicators, calculation of the average annual rate of decrease/increase. Correlation analysis was used to assess the direction and strength of the relationship between the indicators, and quantitative dependence between epidemic process characteristics. Differences between the indicators were considered to be reliable if p < 0.05. Results. During the analyzed period 151 cases of CCHF and 3951 cases of ASF were identified. By 2016. CCHF was registered in all 11 districts of the region and the area of foci covered 44,000 km2 and 44,100 km2, respectively. There are no differences significantly affecting the epidemic process of CCHF and ASF, so preventive measures are mainly aimed at controlling the vectors of the pathogens of these infections. The comprehensive study of the territory of Astrakhan region carried out in 2000–2016 revealed expansion of CCHF and ASF areal of disease (by 11.8% and 23.4% respectively) and determined the territories with the highest risk of infection, which allowed to increase and redistribute the volumes of acaricide treatments of the territories with the highest infection risk and ensure the decrease of CCHF and ASF morbidity rates. Conclusion. As a result of the comprehensive study conducted in 2000–2016 in the territory of Astrakhan region, the expansion of CCHF and ASF areal of disease was revealed (by 11.8% and 23.4% respectively) and the areas of highest infection risk were identified, which allowed to increase and redistribute the volume of acaricide treatments of the areas of highest infection risk and ensure the reduction of CCHF and ASF morbidity.
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Hansen, Michael A., Mohammed S. Samannodi, Rodrigo Lopez Castelblanco, and Rodrigo Hasbun. "Clinical Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Encephalitis in Older Adults." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 11 (July 10, 2019): 2377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz635.
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Abstract Background Encephalitis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with unknown etiologies in the majority of patients. Large prognostic studies evaluating elderly patients are currently lacking. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort of encephalitis cases in 19 hospitals from New Orleans, Louisiana, and Houston, Texas, between the years 2000 and 2017. Results A total of 340 adult (aged ≥17 years) patients with confirmed encephalitis were enrolled, and 194 (57%) had unknown etiologies. A cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus was done in 237 (69%) and 82 (24%) patients, respectively. Furthermore, an arboviral serology was done in 169 (49%) patients and measurements of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies were taken in 49 (14%) patients. A total of 172 out of 323 patients (53%) had adverse clinical outcomes (ACOs) at discharge. Older individuals (>65 years of age) had a lower prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, had a higher number of comorbidities, were less likely to receive adjuvant steroids, were more likely to have a positive arbovirus serology, were more likely to have a positive HSV PCR, were more likely to have abnormal computerized tomography findings, and were more likely to have to have an ACO (all P values < .05). Prognostic factors independently associated with an ACO were age ≥65, fever, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score <13, and seizures (all P values ≤0.01). Conclusions Encephalitis in adults remain with unknown etiologies and adverse clinical outcomes in the majority of patients. Independent prognostic factors include age ≥65 years, fever, GCS score <13, and seizures.
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Kazazian, Lilit, Antonio S. Lima Neto, Geziel S. Sousa, Osmar José do Nascimento, and Marcia C. Castro. "Spatiotemporal transmission dynamics of co-circulating dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses in Fortaleza, Brazil: 2011–2017." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14, no. 10 (October 26, 2020): e0008760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008760.
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The mosquito-borne viruses dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV), now co-endemic in the Americas, pose growing threats to health worldwide. However, it remains unclear whether there exist interactions between these viruses that could shape their epidemiology. This study advances knowledge by assessing the transmission dynamics of co-circulating DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil. Spatiotemporal transmission dynamics of DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV were analyzed using georeferenced data on over 210,000 reported cases from 2011 to 2017 in Fortaleza, Brazil. Local spatial clustering tests and space-time scan statistics were used to compare transmission dynamics across all years. The transmission of co-circulating viruses in 2016 and 2017 was evaluated at fine spatial and temporal scales using a measure of spatiotemporal dependence, the τ-statistic. Results revealed differences in the diffusion of CHIKV compared to previous DENV epidemics and spatially distinct transmission of DENV/ZIKV and CHIKV during the period of their co-circulation. Significant spatial clustering of viruses of the same type was observed within 14-day time intervals at distances of up to 6.8 km (p<0.05). These results suggest that arbovirus risk is not uniformly distributed within cities during co-circulation. Findings may guide outbreak preparedness and response efforts by highlighting the clustered nature of transmission of co-circulating arboviruses at the neighborhood level. The potential for competitive interactions between the arboviruses should be further investigated.
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Eder, M., L. C. Bezerra, F. S. Outtes, G. S. Dimech, R. A. Ximenes, R. Dhalia, D. M. Cordeiro, E. T. Marques, and C. M. T. Martelli. "Arbovirus epidemiology in pregnant women in Pernambuco state, Brazil." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 53 (December 2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.041.
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Moore, Amy T., and Charles R. Brown. "Dispersing hemipteran vectors have reduced arbovirus prevalence." Biology Letters 10, no. 4 (April 2014): 20140117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0117.
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A challenge in managing vector-borne zoonotic diseases in human and wildlife populations is predicting where epidemics or epizootics are likely to occur, and this requires knowing in part the likelihood of infected insect vectors dispersing pathogens from existing infection foci to novel areas. We measured prevalence of an arbovirus, Buggy Creek virus, in dispersing and resident individuals of its exclusive vector, the ectoparasitic swallow bug ( Oeciacus vicarius ), that occupies cliff swallow ( Petrochelidon pyrrhonota ) colonies in western Nebraska. Bugs colonizing new colony sites and immigrating into established colonies by clinging to the swallows’ legs and feet had significantly lower virus prevalence than bugs in established colonies and those that were clustering in established colonies before dispersing. The reduced likelihood of infected bugs dispersing to new colony sites indicates that even heavily infected sites may not always export virus to nearby foci at a high rate. Infected arthropods should not be assumed to exhibit the same dispersal or movement behaviour as uninfected individuals, and these differences in dispersal should perhaps be considered in the epidemiology of vector-borne pathogens such as arboviruses.
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LaBeaud, A. Desiree, Laura J. Sutherland, Samuel Muiruri, Eric M. Muchiri, Laurie R. Gray, Peter A. Zimmerman, Amy G. Hise, and Charles H. King. "Arbovirus Prevalence in Mosquitoes, Kenya." Emerging Infectious Diseases 17, no. 2 (February 2011): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1702.091666.
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Kuno, Goro, and Gwong-Jen J. Chang. "Biological Transmission of Arboviruses: Reexamination of and New Insights into Components, Mechanisms, and Unique Traits as Well as Their Evolutionary Trends." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 18, no. 4 (October 2005): 608–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.18.4.608-637.2005.
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SUMMARY Among animal viruses, arboviruses are unique in that they depend on arthropod vectors for transmission. Field research and laboratory investigations related to the three components of this unique mode of transmission, virus, vector, and vertebrate host, have produced an enormous amount of valuable information that may be found in numerous publications. However, despite many reviews on specific viruses, diseases, or interests, a systematic approach to organizing the available information on all facets of biological transmission and then to interpret it in the context of the evolutionary process has not been attempted before. Such an attempt in this review clearly demonstrates tremendous progress made worldwide to characterize the viruses, to comprehend disease transmission and pathogenesis, and to understand the biology of vectors and their role in transmission. The rapid progress in molecular biologic techniques also helped resolve many virologic puzzles and yielded highly valuable data hitherto unavailable, such as characterization of virus receptors, the genetic basis of vertebrate resistance to viral infection, and phylogenetic evidence of the history of host range shifts in arboviruses. However, glaring gaps in knowledge of many critical subjects, such as the mechanism of viral persistence and the existence of vertebrate reservoirs, are still evident. Furthermore, with the accumulated data, new questions were raised, such as evolutionary directions of virus virulence and of host range. Although many fundamental questions on the evolution of this unique mode of transmission remained unresolved in the absence of a fossil record, available observations for arboviruses and the information derived from studies in other fields of the biological sciences suggested convergent evolution as a plausible process. Overall, discussion of the diverse range of theories proposed and observations made by many investigators was found to be highly valuable for sorting out the possible mechanism(s) of the emergence of arboviral diseases.
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Desgraupes, Sophie, Mathieu Hubert, Antoine Gessain, Pierre-Emmanuel Ceccaldi, and Aurore Vidy. "Mother-to-Child Transmission of Arboviruses during Breastfeeding: From Epidemiology to Cellular Mechanisms." Viruses 13, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13071312.
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Most viruses use several entry sites and modes of transmission to infect their host (parenteral, sexual, respiratory, oro-fecal, transplacental, transcutaneous, etc.). Some of them are known to be essentially transmitted via arthropod bites (mosquitoes, ticks, phlebotomes, sandflies, etc.), and are thus named arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses. During the last decades, several arboviruses have emerged or re-emerged in different countries in the form of notable outbreaks, resulting in a growing interest from scientific and medical communities as well as an increase in epidemiological studies. These studies have highlighted the existence of other modes of transmission. Among them, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) during breastfeeding was highlighted for the vaccine strain of yellow fever virus (YFV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), and suggested for other arboviruses such as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV), and West Nile virus (WNV). In this review, we summarize all epidemiological and clinical clues that suggest the existence of breastfeeding as a neglected route for MTCT of arboviruses and we decipher some of the mechanisms that chronologically occur during MTCT via breastfeeding by focusing on ZIKV transmission process.
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Cordellier, Roger, and Nicolas Degallier. "Environment, arbovirus transmission and control of epidemics." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 8, no. 3 (September 1992): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1992000300004.
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In order to illustrate the relationships between the biotopes (or phytogeographical zones), arbovirus vectors and vertebrate hosts (including man), and epidemiology, current knowledge on the transmission of Yellow Fever virus in West Africa is reported. A dynamic scheme has been devised to integrate the observed geographical distribution of cases and the timing of their occurrence. Two principal areas, endemicity and epidetnicity, were defined according to the presence or absence of sylvatic monkey-mosquito transmission. The intensity and potential of contacts between humans and vectors depends on the degree of man-made changes in the environment, often increasing the extension of ecotone areas where the mosquitoes are easily biting at the ground level. Prevention and/or control of arbovirus diseases require detailed eco-epidemiological studies to determine: (1) the effective role of each potential vector in each phytogeographical region; (2) the risk factors for the people living in or near areas with a sylvatic transmission cycle; (3) the priorities - vaccination and/or control - for preventing the expansion of natural foci.
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Norman, Francesca F., César Henríquez-Camacho, Marta Díaz-Menendez, Sandra Chamorro, Diana Pou, Israel Molina, Josune Goikoetxea, et al. "Imported Arbovirus Infections in Spain, 2009–2018." Emerging Infectious Diseases 26, no. 4 (April 2020): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2604.190443.
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Reimann, Carolyn A., Jennifer A. Lehman, Richard Hoffman, Edward B. Hayes, Grant L. Campbell, Nicole P. Lindsey, Marc Fischer, and Carolyn DiGuiseppi. "Epidemiology of Neuroinvasive Arboviral Disease in the United States, 1999–2007." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 79, no. 6 (December 1, 2008): 974–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.974.
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Sang, Rosemary, Clayton Onyango, John Gachoya, Ernest Mabinda, Samson Konongoi, Victor Ofula, Lee Dunster, et al. "Tickborne Arbovirus Surveillance in Market Livestock, Nairobi, Kenya." Emerging Infectious Diseases 12, no. 7 (July 2006): 1074–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1207.060253.
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Navero-Castillejos, Jessica, Rosa Benitez, Nuria Torner, José Muñoz, Daniel Camprubí-Ferrer, Aida Peiró-Mestres, Elena Sulleiro, et al. "Molecular Characterization of Imported and Autochthonous Dengue in Northeastern Spain." Viruses 13, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 1910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13101910.
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Dengue is the most significant arbovirus worldwide and a public health threat to non-endemic areas in which Aedes vectors are present. Autochthonous dengue transmission has been reported in several European countries in the last decade. Infected travelers from endemic regions arriving to areas colonized by Aedes albopictus in Europe need to be monitored in surveillance and control programs. We aimed to perform molecular characterization of RT-PCR-positive dengue cases detected in Catalonia, northeastern Spain, from 2013 to 2018. The basic demographic information and the geographical regions of importation were also analyzed. One-hundred four dengue cases were studied (103 imported infections and the first autochthonous case in our region). The dengue virus strains detected were serotyped and genotyped using molecular methods, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted. All four dengue serotypes were detected in travelers, including up to 10 different genotypes, reflecting the global circulation of dengue in endemic areas. The primary travel-related case of the 2018 autochthonous transmission was not identified, but the molecular analysis revealed dengue serotype 1, genotype I of Asian origin. Our results highlight the diversity of imported dengue virus strains and the role of molecular epidemiology in supporting arbovirus surveillance programs.