Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Arboriculture'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Arboriculture.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Chambers, Tamsin Victoria Alice. "The arboriculture of West Country parks and gardens, 1660-1730." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/d2e69ab7-645f-4c7f-b43e-3200b3eaf55a.
Full textChazoule, Carole. "Les processus d'innovation dans l'agriculture : étude comparative à partir de deux mises en culture, les cas de la trufficulture et de l'agriculture fruitière." Montpellier, ENSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENSA0014.
Full textEndahl, Jordan Brantley. "Urban Forest Waste Generation and Utilization by Municipal and Private Arboricultural Operations in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51567.
Full textMaster of Science
Pagnoux, Clemence. "Émergence, développement et diversification de l'arboriculture en Grèce du Néolithique à l'époque romaine : confrontation des données archéobotaniques, morphométriques, épigraphiques et littéraires." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H054/document.
Full textLittle is known concerning the history of arboriculture in Greece; only the grapevine and the olive tree have been a subject of interest for a long time. The aim of this work is to understand how fruit trees were cultivated in Greece between the Neolithic and the Roman period. This is why published archaeobotanical data (seeds and fruits) from 56 sites were taken into account in our synthesis. A survey of all references to fruits and fruit trees in epigraphic documents (Mycenaean and classic Greek) and in ancient authors has also been achieved. Archaeological pips and stones were submitted to Geometric Morphometry. Our approach reveals how fruit trees were used from the Neolithic up to the Roman period; while the grapevine, the olive tree and the fig tree predominate ail the time, it is clear that the importance of certain wild fruits decreases after the Bronze Age as new others are introduced. The first domesticated grapevines appear during the Bronze Age while a single selected variety of olive tree is present from the early Bronze Age to the Roman period. The first manifestations of arboriculture concern woodland edges and partially cleared land plots, real fruit tree plantations appear during the late Bronze Age, at the latest. Extensive vineyards appear during the Classical period, while a more specialized agriculture aiming at maximum profit characterizes the Roman period, as testified by the works on agronomy and the search for new varieties of olives and grapevines. Despite the search for higher yields, the use of less selected domesticates and wild fruits remains a reality until the roman period
Pieri, Philippe. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation des écoulements aérodynamiques au voisinage de cultures en rangs." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10530.
Full textQuenol, Hervé. "Modifications climatiques aux échelles fines générées par un ouvrage linéaire en remblai : l'exemple de la ligne à grande vitesse du TGV Méditerranée sur le gel printanier et l'écoulement du mistral dans la basse vallée de la Durance." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-115.pdf.
Full textNormand, Frédéric. "De la fleur au fruit : étude et modélisation de la floraison, de la fécondation-fructification et de la croissance du fruit chez le goyavier-fraise (Psidium cattleianum)." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAP0019.
Full textStrawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum) domestication is studied through an agronomic approach within a crop diversification project in humid highlands of Réunion Island. It consists in identifying how are built-up two characters of interest (the number of fruit produced per plant and the individual fruit weight) and their variability with the objective to act on them using appropriate cultivation techniques. A model representing the process of fruit number and individual fruit weight build-up is proposed, structured around limiting steps of the phenological cycle. Flowering, fecundation-fruit set and fruit growth were studied and modelled in this work. The results show the interest of the agronomic approach of domestication. This latter has provided in a short time a knowledge sufficient to propose adequate cultivation techniques for a new fruit species, and to improve the management of an orchard of genetically heterogeneous plants in relation with agronomical objectives. This approach of domestication is not opposed, but complementary, to that based on plant selection. This work also contributes to the study and integration in models of the variability at different levels in the process of crop yield build-up
Lima, Kaio Baron de [UNESP]. "Clones de Eucalyptus sp. submetidos a estresse hídrico em dois tipos de solo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126633.
Full textO desenvolvimento das plantas está relacionado, dentre outros fatores, com a disponibilidade de água no solo, assim como sua capacidade de adaptação e resposta a déficits hídricos. O intuito deste estudo foi analisar e mensurar os possíveis efeitos do estresse hídrico no crescimento e em algumas características morfofisiológicas de quatro materiais genéticos distintos de Eucalyptus sp. em dois tipos de solos, franco arenoso e argiloso. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos, em casa de vegetação, no Departamento de Ciência Florestal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP, campus de Botucatu, no período de fevereiro a abril de 2014. Os potenciais mínimos de água no solo: Sem estresse (SE) = -10 kPa; e com estresse (CE) = -1.500 kPa, fundamentaram a definição do manejo hídrico utilizado. A reposição da água evapotranspirada ocorreu por pesagem dos vasos, sendo que no nível SE, tensiômetros também foram utilizados para um controle mais efetivo da quantidade de água no solo. Os quatro clones utilizados foram: AEC-144, AEC-1528, COP 1407 e VM01 (clones 1,2,3 e 4 respectivamente), sendo todos materiais comercialmente produzidos e plantados em território nacional. As avaliações das plantas aos 0, 25, 50 e 75 dias após o plantio foram: altura da parte aérea, diâmetro do colo, área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca total, resistência estomática, potencial de água na folha e teor relativo de água na folha. O ensaio constituiu-se de um fatorial duplo 2x4 (dois níveis de água x quatro materiais genéticos), sendo os tipos de solo analisados separadamente. Os resultados indicaram influência dos tratamentos de manejo hídrico nas características avaliadas, para ambos os tipos de solo. Na última avaliação, aos 75 dias após implantação, para o solo franco arenoso, o clone 2 apresentou, estatisticamente, valores maiores que os demais em área foliar ...
Plant development is related, among other factors, to the availability of water in the soil, as well as their ability to adapt and respond to water deficits. The objective of this study was to assess the possible effects of drought stress on the growth, and on some morphological and physiological aspects of four distinct genetic materials of Eucalyptus sp. in two types of soil, sandy loam and clay. The experiment was conducted in pots at a greenhouse in the Department of Forestry Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu, from February to April of 2014. The minimal potentials of water in the soil: No stress (SE) = -10 kPa; and Stressed (CE) = -1500 kPa, were used to define the water management employed. The replacement of water evapotranspired was determined by weighing the pots, and tensiometers were also used for more effective irrigation control in the SE treatment. The four clones used were: AEC-144, AEC-1528, COP 1407 and VM01 (clones 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively), all materials were commercially produced and planted in national territory. The aspects of the plants that were evaluated at 0, 25, 50 and 75 days after planting were: height of aerial parts, stem diameter, leaf area, number of leaves, total dry mass, stomatal resistance, leaf water potential and relative content of leaf water. The test consisted of a double factorial 2x4 (two levels of water x four genetic material) and soil types analyzed separately. The results, in both soil types, indicate an influence of water management treatments in the aspects evaluated. At the last evaluation, 75 days after implantation, for the sandy ...
Haidar, Mona Hussein. "De l'élevage pastoral à l'arboriculture : le changement technique au sein d'une société agropastorale : le cas d'un village de la montagne aride du Liban : Aarsal." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INAP0025.
Full textLima, Kaio Baron de 1989. "Clones de Eucalyptus sp. submetidos a estresse hídrico em dois tipos de solo /." Botucatu, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126633.
Full textBanca: Magali Ribeiro da Silva
Banca: Maria Renata Rocha Pereira
Resumo: O desenvolvimento das plantas está relacionado, dentre outros fatores, com a disponibilidade de água no solo, assim como sua capacidade de adaptação e resposta a déficits hídricos. O intuito deste estudo foi analisar e mensurar os possíveis efeitos do estresse hídrico no crescimento e em algumas características morfofisiológicas de quatro materiais genéticos distintos de Eucalyptus sp. em dois tipos de solos, franco arenoso e argiloso. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos, em casa de vegetação, no Departamento de Ciência Florestal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP, campus de Botucatu, no período de fevereiro a abril de 2014. Os potenciais mínimos de água no solo: Sem estresse (SE) = -10 kPa; e com estresse (CE) = -1.500 kPa, fundamentaram a definição do manejo hídrico utilizado. A reposição da água evapotranspirada ocorreu por pesagem dos vasos, sendo que no nível SE, tensiômetros também foram utilizados para um controle mais efetivo da quantidade de água no solo. Os quatro clones utilizados foram: AEC-144, AEC-1528, COP 1407 e VM01 (clones 1,2,3 e 4 respectivamente), sendo todos materiais comercialmente produzidos e plantados em território nacional. As avaliações das plantas aos 0, 25, 50 e 75 dias após o plantio foram: altura da parte aérea, diâmetro do colo, área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca total, resistência estomática, potencial de água na folha e teor relativo de água na folha. O ensaio constituiu-se de um fatorial duplo 2x4 (dois níveis de água x quatro materiais genéticos), sendo os tipos de solo analisados separadamente. Os resultados indicaram influência dos tratamentos de manejo hídrico nas características avaliadas, para ambos os tipos de solo. Na última avaliação, aos 75 dias após implantação, para o solo franco arenoso, o clone 2 apresentou, estatisticamente, valores maiores que os demais em área foliar ...
Abstract: Plant development is related, among other factors, to the availability of water in the soil, as well as their ability to adapt and respond to water deficits. The objective of this study was to assess the possible effects of drought stress on the growth, and on some morphological and physiological aspects of four distinct genetic materials of Eucalyptus sp. in two types of soil, sandy loam and clay. The experiment was conducted in pots at a greenhouse in the Department of Forestry Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu, from February to April of 2014. The minimal potentials of water in the soil: No stress (SE) = -10 kPa; and Stressed (CE) = -1500 kPa, were used to define the water management employed. The replacement of water evapotranspired was determined by weighing the pots, and tensiometers were also used for more effective irrigation control in the SE treatment. The four clones used were: AEC-144, AEC-1528, COP 1407 and VM01 (clones 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively), all materials were commercially produced and planted in national territory. The aspects of the plants that were evaluated at 0, 25, 50 and 75 days after planting were: height of aerial parts, stem diameter, leaf area, number of leaves, total dry mass, stomatal resistance, leaf water potential and relative content of leaf water. The test consisted of a double factorial 2x4 (two levels of water x four genetic material) and soil types analyzed separately. The results, in both soil types, indicate an influence of water management treatments in the aspects evaluated. At the last evaluation, 75 days after implantation, for the sandy ...
Mestre
Paratte, Réjane. "Produire avec la nature : ou comment la production intégrée recompose les agents biologiques, chimiques et humains dans une arboriculture marchande." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0553.
Full textThis research examines the nature/culture relationship within industrial agriculture, especially the production of fruit in Switzerland and France. It analyses the reconfiguration of human and non human agencies associated with the implementation of methods aimed at reducing the use of pesticides, namely integrated production. Drawing on an ethnographic work, the analysis focuses on the growers' activities: the establishment of modern orchards and the pests that challenge them, the key work of monitoring the orchard in order to address the risk of damages, the mobilization of processes based on natural functioning to address these pests, the use of chemical weapons supplementing or substituting these biological and ecological processes, and finally the marketing of fruits. This work reveals the complexity of the challenges with which growers are confronted: integrated production requires rethinking crop protection practices while keeping tyhe modern orchard. Producing with nature therefore adds biological control tools and environmental and health objectives to existing chemical tools and market objectives which have brought about the vulnerability to pest. The difficulty of fighting against the enemies of the orchard reveals a concept of nature governed by the market but that can never be totally standardized, a nature that evolves according to human and non human actions forcing growers to adapt to these ever-changing conditions
Silva, Michelly Cristina da. "Arborização urbana de quatro cidades do leste de Mato Grosso do Sul." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3144.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-09-23T18:33:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Michelly-1.pdf: 1003558 bytes, checksum: f7289e1224355e7fb4cda6571653c74c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-23T18:33:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Michelly-1.pdf: 1003558 bytes, checksum: f7289e1224355e7fb4cda6571653c74c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-12
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
In order to evaluate the quality and quantity of tree species planted in the cities of MS: Cassilândia (CA) and Paranaíba (PA), with the lowest PIB; Chapadão South (CH) and Costa Rica (CO), with higher PIB a survey of tree species present in 30 blocks of each of these cities was done. Trees were identified and recorded information such as: plant health; planting site; pruning; trees under power lines, tree size, position on the sidewalk; origin; outer root condition and existence of sidewalks. Shannon’s diversity index and Pielou’s evenness index was calculated. To analyze the structural and floristic similarity, the Jaccard and Morisita’s indexes was employed. Found 3180 individuals belonging to 100 species of 40 families, with CA, CH, CO and PA had 838, 1130, 657 and 555 individuals respectively. Shannon’s index was 2.08 overall. Jaccard’s index was 45%, cities with higher PIB and a lower PIB were more similar to each other. Morisita’s similarity index showed structural similarity between cities, ranging between 0.82 and 0.99. About the position on the sidewalk, the cities with the highest PIB had a number of trees above and below expectations at the curb and center, respectively. Otherwise, cities with the lowest PIB showed opposite results. By ANOVA test, CA, CH and PA were different, CH showed an average number of trees significantly larger and PA, a smaller number. The cities with the highest PIB had a number of trees higher than expected for individuals without any conflict with sidewalks and below expectations for those who had some type of conflict. Already the cities with the lowest PIB showed opposite results. About the origin, the cities with the highest PIB had a number of exotic individuals above the expected, native from Brazil less than expected, since the native Cerrado had a higher number than expected. The cities with the lowest PIB showed opposite results. The most abundant species throughout the survey was Licania tomentosa (oiti), totaling 1879 individuals (59%), representing in CA, CH, CO and PA, 85%, 36%, 57% and 66% respectively. Exotic species totaled 68%, while 22% are native from Brazil and 4% are Cerrado’s native. Among the 3180 individuals found: 80% were planted in front of homes, 14% in other places, such as churches, schools, kindergartens, clinics, and other 6% in front of business establishment. Concerning the plant health, 81% of the total were in good condition, 17% in satisfactory condition, and 2% in poor condition, 44% are free and 56% are under the power lines, of which 10% had conflict. As for pruning, 75.4% of sampled trees exhibited correct pruning, 9.5% incorrect, 12% nonexistent and 2.6% radical. The cities with the highest PIB showed greater wealth than those with lower PIB, and greater arboreal suitability in various aspects. Moreover, there is excessive use of exotic species and not appropriate species, due the large size.
Com o objetivo de avaliar comparativamente a qualidade e quantidade das espécies arbóreas plantadas nos municípios de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS): Cassilândia (CA) e Paranaíba (PA), com menor Produto Interno Bruto (PIB); Chapadão do Sul (CH) e Costa Rica (CO), com maior PIB, foi realizado um levantamento das espécies arbóreas presentes em 30 quadras de cada cidade. Os indivíduos arbóreos foram identificados e registradas informações como: fitossanidade; local do plantio; poda; árvores sob rede elétrica; porte arbóreo; posição na calçada; origem; condição externa da raiz e existência de calçamento. Foram calculados o índice de diversidade Shannon e o índice de equabilidade de Pielou. Para analisar a similaridade florística e estrutural, foram empregados os índices de Jaccard e de Morisita. Foram encontrados 3180 indivíduos, pertencentes a 100 espécies de 40 famílias, sendo que CA, CH, CO e PA apresentaram, respectivamente, 838, 1130, 657 e 555 indivíduos. O índice de Shannon total foi de 2,08. O índice de Jaccard foi de 45%; as cidades com maior PIB e as com menor PIB foram mais semelhantes entre si. O índice de similaridade de Morisita mostrou similaridade estrutural entre as cidades, variando entre 0,82 e 0,99. As cidades com maior PIB tiveram um número de árvores acima e abaixo do esperado no meio-fio e no centro da calçada, respectivamente. Já as cidades com menor PIB mostraram resultados opostos. Pelo teste de ANOVA, CA, CH e PA foram diferentes entre si; CH apresentou um número médio de árvores significativamente maior e PA, um número menor. As cidades com maior PIB tiveram um número de árvores acima do esperado para os indivíduos sem nenhum tipo de conflito com as calçadas e abaixo do esperado para aqueles que apresentaram conflito. Já as cidades com menor PIB mostraram resultados opostos. Com relação à origem, as cidades com maior PIB tiveram um número de indivíduos exóticos acima do esperado, nativas do Brasil menor que o esperado; já as nativas do Cerrado tiveram um número maior que o esperado. As cidades com menor PIB mostraram resultados contrários. A espécie mais abundante foi Licania tomentosa (oiti), totalizando 1879 indivíduos (59%), representando em CA, CH, CO e PA, 85%, 36%, 57% e 66%, respectivamente. Espécies exóticas totalizaram 68%, enquanto 22% são nativas do Brasil e 4% são nativas do cerrado. Dos 3180 indivíduos encontrados: 80% foram plantadas em frente às residências, 14% em outros locais, como igrejas, escolas, creches, consultórios, entre outros e 6% em frente a estabelecimentos comerciais. Quanto à fitossanidade, 81% do total encontravam-se em boas condições, 17% em condições satisfatórias e 2% em condições ruins; 44% encontram-se livre e 56% estão sob a fiação elétrica, dos quais 10% apresentaram conflito. Quanto à poda, 75,4% das árvores amostradas apresentaram poda correta, 9,5% incorreta, 12% inexistente e 2,6% radical. As cidades com maior PIB apresentaram maior riqueza do que as com menor PIB, e uma maior adequação em vários aspectos. Além disso, há um uso excessivo de espécies exóticas e espécies não apropriadas, em virtude do porte elevado.
Massavanhane, Ana Maria Chadraca. "Avaliação do estado actual de desenvolvimento e da situação fitossanitária dos arvoredos, bosquetes e maciços classificados de interesse público do concelho de Lisboa." Master's thesis, ISA, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3350.
Full textThis study aims at taking an inventory of trees, woods and forest stands, classified as being of public interest, in the Municipality of Lisbon and to know about the state of development and health of these trees. A survey was done of the potential of various samples, outstanding due to their size, location and rarity in the county, as well as of stands of native vegetation that stood out for their botanical, scenic and historical interest. Were inventoried thirteen arboreal formations including six forest stands within the Monsanto Forest Park, and seven sets of trees, located in Jardim Braamcamp Freire, Jardim Nuno Álvares Pereira, Praça de Diu, Largo Hintze Ribeiro, Parque das Conchas and Parque do Alvito. 204 trees were measured, belonging to the genuses Casuarina (five trees), Eucalyptus (twelve), Ficus (four) Quercus (118), Olea (eleven), Phillyrea (five), Pinus (eighteen), Tipuana (sixteen) and Zelkova (fifteen). Of the trees surveyed, 83% were judged to be performing well and in a good state of health, 7.8% had significant damage, 4.9 % were subject to a stressful health situation and 0.98 % had been subject to vandalism. Some of the tree stands showed problems in relation to both cultural and plant health issues.
Chabrol, Laurent. "Etude de la sorption de pesticides sur les sols : relations entre la qualité des eaux et les traitements phytosanitaires." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0022.
Full textLedwaba, Charlotte Ramasela. "Baseline of selected essential nutrient elements of an indigeneous fruit tree (mimusops zeyheri) under natural conditions." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/824.
Full textThe mineral nutrition of indigenous crop species is not well documented like other known crop species, thus making it difficult for one to know how to plant and maintain the crops. Mmupudu (Mimusops zeyheri), which, happens to be a wild crop, is one of the indigenous trees of interest to the Discipline of Plant Production, University of Limpopo. The current study gives baseline information that will be important in various environmental physiology studies of this plant. Physiological studies will be necessary to assess the importance of “limiting” mineral nutrients in the accumulation of certain mineral nutrients in Mmupudu in relation to its productivity. The experiment was arranged as a 2 x 3 factorial in RCBD, with the first and second factors being time of sampling and location, respectively. The three locations where data were collected were Chuenespoort, Bochum and Sekgosese. In each location, the experiment was replicated 10 times. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated using the least significant difference test. The two-factor interaction was nonsignificant (P ≥ 0.10) for both pH and electrical conductivity. Soil pH was not affected by time in all three locations suggesting that abscised flowers and fruitlets have no effect on pH. Leaf K experienced an increase of 65% at Chuenespoort and a decrease of soil K after fruiting by 44%. Leaf and soil P decreased after fruiting in all locations as was the case with Cu. Chuenespoort and Sekgosese experienced a decrease in leaf Mn after fruiting while soil Mn decreased in all whereas leaf Mg decreased in all locations.
the National Research Foundation and the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry
Cattle, Christopher. "Grown furniture : a move towards design for sustainability." Thesis, Bucks New University, 2002. http://bucks.collections.crest.ac.uk/9676/.
Full textSereghetti, Guilherme Corrêa 1987. "Qualidade do plantio manual e mecanizado para eucalipto e pinus /." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148630.
Full textCoorientador: Saulo Philipe Sebastião Gerra
Banca: Carlos Frederico Wilcken
Banca: Magali Ribeiro da Silva
Banca: Rodrigo de Menezes Trigueiro
Banca: Ezer Dias de Oliveira Junior
Resumo: O estudo avaliou a qualidade do plantio em dois sistemas diferentes, o mecanizado utilizando o equipamento Bracke Forest P11.a e o manual (convencional), além de apresentar uma visão econômica em relação à primeira experiência da utilização deste equipamento no Brasil. O experimento foi dividido em três etapas, sendo que em duas foram avaliadas a qualidade silvicultural e as variáveis dendrométricas (diâmetro do colo, diâmetro à altura do peito e altura da planta). Essas etapas ocorreram nas cidades de Bocaiúva, MG, onde se conduziu o experimento sob quatro tratamentos com cinco repetições, em que cada repetição era constituída por 60 mudas do híbrido Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalypytus camaldulensis. A segunda etapa foi realizada em Telêmaco Borba, PR, onde se implantaram dois tratamentos com oito repetições, constituídos de 60 mudas de Pinus taeda e a última etapa, referente ao estudo econômico do plantio de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis em dois espaçamentos 3 × 1 m e 3 × 1,5 m utilizando o conjunto plantador, ocorreu em Lençóis Paulista, SP. Para as análises de comparações entre os tratamentos da qualidade silvicultural e as variáveis dendrométricas foi utilizado o teste LSMeans, do procedimento Genmod, por meio do software estatístico SAS - Statistical Analysis System. Os custos das máquinas foram calculados de acordo com a metodologia desenvolvida pela European COST Action, resultando em duas unidades: Euro por hora efetiva da máquina (€ h-1) e euro por muda ...
Abstract: The study evaluated the quality of planting in two different systems, mechanized using the Bracke Forest P11.a device and manual (conventional), besides to present an economic vision for the first experience of using this device in Brazil. The experiment was divided into three stages, and two were evaluated silvicultural quality and dendrometric variables (stem diameter, diameter at breast height and plant height). These stages occurred in the cities of Bocaiúva, MG, where the experiment was conducted under four treatments with five repetitions, in each repetition consisted of 60 seedlings of the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalypytus camaldulensis. The second stage was executed in Telemaco Borba - PR where implanted two treatments with eight replications, made up of 60 seedlings of Pinus taeda and the last stage, referring to the economic study of the planting of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalypytus grandis in two spacings 3 × 1 m 3 × 1.5 m using the planter group, occurred in Lençóis Paulista - SP. For the analysis of comparisons between treatments silvicultural quality and dendrometric variables was used LSMeans test, the Genmod procedure, using the statistical software SAS - Statistical Analysis System. The operation costs were calculated according to the methodology developed by the European COST Action, resulting in two units: Euro per hour effective machine (€ h-1) and euro for seedlings (€ seedlings-1). The evaluations of the silvicultural quality of the plantings resulted that the variables fully exposed substrate and the inclined planting there were no significant differences in the mechanized and manual planting systems of the Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalypytus camaldulensis and the Pinus taeda analyzes showed no statistical difference in the variables of partially exposed substrate, fully exposed substrate and planting inclined to the two planting systems. The dendrometric variables ...
Doutor
Badidi, Brahim. "La révolution des vergers de rosacées au Moyen-Atlas central et ses bordures (Maroc)." Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0504.
Full textThe commercial cultivation of fruiterer rosaceae in morocco, especially in the middle atlas and its surrounding areas is a recent introduction. The first fruit plantations in this area date back to the time of the protectorate. Since then, the area under production has grown considerably. Today, the middle atlas is throught to be on of the principal producers of temperate fruits in morocco. Most of the orchareds are to be found around the perimeters of imouzzer kandar, azrou, ait oumghar ans on the amekla plateau. Because of its geographical qualities, this areas measures nowdays 5432 ha grown apples, pears, cherries, peche-nectarines and plumes. The development of this productions is due to local as well as outside factors. Among these, the market, the population increase and the urban capitals have played an important role in this. The introduction of a modern cultivation in a traditionnal rural area has had important economic, social and mental consequences. The impact of this transformation have changed among others, the standard of living of the "fellahs" converted to this speculation and have caused a degeneration of traditionnel methids. But this to this specilation and have caused a degeneration of traditionnel methods. But this agricultural mutation has also brought with it several new problems to resolve. Some of the most importants are the overexploitation of the local ressources and the worsening of the social unbalance of a regional scale
Barros, Emanoel de Souza. "Estimations de frontières de production des exploitations agricoles par des approches paramétriques, non paramétriques et bootstrap : avec une application à l'évaluation des effets de l'irrigation dans le Nordeste du Brésil." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010024.
Full textGray, John Edmund, and n/a. "T. C. G. Weston (1886-1935), horticulturalist and arboriculturalist : a critical review of his contribution to the establishment of the landscape foundations of Australia's National Capital." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060712.154510.
Full textGibert, Caroline. "Génération de fissures cuticulaires sur la pêche (Prunus Persica (L. ) Batsch) en réponse à des opérations culturales : conséquences pour la qualité et la contamination par les monilioses." Avignon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AVIG0604.
Full textBased on experiments realized two years on nectarine fruits grown under various cultural conditions (variable fruit crop loads an irrigation regimes), we quantified cuticular cracks and examined by a modelling approach their contribution to fruit quality via the surface conductance to water vapour diffusion and to fruit contamination by brown rot. Cuticular cracks occur during the final swelling of the fruit and represent up to 12,5% of its surface area when its growth rate is high. They preponderantly participate to conductance (up to 85%) and fruit infection by M. Laxa. The evolution of conductance of its components and of cuticular crack surface area driven by fruit growth and the probability of fruit infection in relation with the cuticular crack surface area and the conidial density were modelled and the equations integrated into an existing "virtual fruit" model simulating organoleptic quality traits. This combined model was used to evalutate technical scenarios, emphazing fruit organoleptic quality, storage potential and environmental quality. Scenarios including water stress offer a good compromise but require an evolution of market standards
Petean, Felipe Coelho de Souza. "Uso de imagens hiperespectrais e da tecnologia LiDAR na identificação de espécies florestais em ambiente urbano na cidade de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-28102015-171744/.
Full textUrban forestry is a key element to maintaining the quality of life in urban centers. The existence of a broad network of trees distributed along roads and public spaces acts to promote air quality, water conservation, thermal comfort, acoustic and psychological citizens. Urban forests are able to mitigate the emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) such as CO2, acting as sinks. Since its importance, new applications of remote sensing tools have emerged to assist in planning and implementation of urban forestry. The laser scanning system airborne LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging), generates a three-dimensional representation of the target object through a cloud of points georeferenced. The crossing with very high resolution sensors provides more in-depth analysis of the object and can be extracted several forest metrics such as height, basal area, and even species. The study aimed to verify the contribution of LiDAR derived points in the identification and classification of six most common tree species in Parque Municipal Americo Renne Giannetti, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in order to assist urban forestry planning and management. Through supervised classification, field survey information, segmented areas, LiDAR treetop points, and a multispectral WordlView-2 image were crossed together. The classification accuracy was measured by analyzing overall accuracy and Kappa index. The LiDAR treetop points contributed to location and classification of tree species\' classes, when compared to the same process without these points. The segmentation of crowns performed by eCognition program facilitated the launch of training and test samples. ECHO classifier showed the best accuracy and Kappa index in comparison to other Multispec program classifiers. The aggregation of LiDAR data showed promise in urban forest multispectral images, increasing supervised classification overall accuracy.
Pissonnier, Solène. "Comprendre et accompagner l'évolution des stratégies de conduite des vergers dans les exploitations arboricoles : application à la protection phytosanitaire de la pomme en France." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSAM0026/document.
Full textMarkets ask for perfect looking fruits without any symptoms of diseases or insect bites. To fulfill these criteria, fruit tree farmers spray pesticides that have negative impacts on human health and on the environment. Alternative methods can be risky and affect the economic performances of the farm. Based on the example of apple crop protection, the most sprayed fruit tree crop, this study addresses the following issue: which approach can be implemented to support fruit tree farmers in evaluating ways of changing their production strategies and their impacts on farm performances?The first phase of the study aims at describing and understanding the protection strategies implemented by farmers, and at evaluating their impacts on farm performances. Practices of pesticide use were analyzed using 557 spray records of a cooperative. Frequency, toxicity and efficiency indicators were used to evaluate practices’ environmental and health impacts. Then, 35 interviews were conducted in two regions of France, to understand farmers’ decision making processes that influence these practices, and to identify the levers and barriers for evolving towards less pesticide use.Despite a common climatic and marketing context, four types of pesticide use sets were identified. Three types showed a relatively important use of a given pesticide category: anti-scab, anti-insect, natural pesticides. The fourth one was balanced. Within each type, the different indicators covered a large range of scores. The frequency indicator covered a diversity of practices. It was not linked with the efficiency indicator, and it explained only a part of the plots’ environmental toxicity. Possible actions for improvements towards less pesticide use were discussed, such as taking into account the diversity of practices and improving the monitoring of the pests and diseases corresponding to the most sprayed pesticides.Studying the decision making processes at the farm scale highlighted three different strategies, depending on the farmers’ environmental and economic objectives. Each strategy was consistent regarding the farmers’ objectives, their marketing strategy, their labor resources, their position between diversification and specialization, and the apple area. Work organization and marketing strategy were considered as instrumental components for defining alternative strategies and for anticipating implementation difficulties.A methodology aiming at supporting fruit tree farmers in their strategical thinking towards innovative production strategies was developed during the second phase of the study. A simulation tool called CoHort was developed with two technicians. CoHort depicts the structure of a tree fruit farm, the crop management per homogeneous block and its work organization. Each scenario corresponds to a specific configuration of the farm. It is evaluated in terms of economic and environmental performances and of impacts on work organization. The simulation results feed the discussions between farmers and their technicians on the potential evolutions of the farm. CoHort was used at first by addressing some farmers’ projects regarding their farm evolution projects. Then it was used on de novo scenarios allowing exploring new types of evolutions such as combining apple and sheep production within a farm.The analysis at both farm and plot scales permitted to capture the complexity and the diversity of the management processes observed in the farm sample surveyed. It provided the knowledge required to develop a support process based on a generic simulation tool, which can cover a large diversity of farm contexts and projects. A mid-term objective is to transfer CoHort to the technicians for extending their advice activities to strategic issues. The whole approach could also be used at the supply chain scale, or on other fruit tree crops. Indeed, enhancing transitions towards less pesticide used will require to involve the whole fruit supply chains
Moreira, Tiana Carla Lopes. "Interação da vegetação arbórea e poluição atmosférica na cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-17032010-134836/.
Full textThe comprehension of the urban forest interaction with atmospheric pollution is important to urban planning and public health. The urban forest is able to held back and absorb the air pollution besides the use as low coast biomonitor and privileges location. The Ibirapuera Park located in a central area of the city of São Paulo has an heterogeneous urban forest and inside of this park there are the mains trees founded in the streets of São Paulo. This aspect has made easier the study of the interaction of those trees with the air pollution. For the realization of this study was need the collection of the foils of the trees and theirs grind for the analyses of the inorganic components. The determination of the elements presents in the leaf of the trees with the technique of x-ray fluorescence allows understand the interaction of these elements with the tree and give the tree the function of ambient biomonitor.
Rivero, Espinola Carlos Luis. "Transfert de technologie agraire en Amèrique latine : Une étude comparée." Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030125.
Full textJooris, Anne. "Techniques intégrées en agriculture et pratiques de gestion des ressources, stratégies écologiques et stratégies d'acteurs : les perspectives de développement à travers le projet de l'arboriculture en Midi-Pyrénées." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20020.
Full textThis is the analysis of a regional project for the development of integrated fruit production pest control in order to explain the problems of circulating alternative techniques to the intensive models. Introducing the impact of the resource, a phytoseid predatory mite which is the pest control mainstay, is the means to consider the technical strategy from a double point of view. First, as a protection strategy which mobilizes a selection of identified resources in the orchard field, implying constraints that should be seen as a means of improvement (the intervention of the phytoseid predatory mite), and secondly, as a distribution strategy that mobilizes the levers of change in order to bring about the adoption of the new technical logic. The margins of progress for technical adaptation are evaluated by using pest control against the proliferation of acarids as an indicator. The choice of the resource-species is validated by research, but control improvement can rely on various ecological levers of the orchard universe dynamics, whereas these are taken into account as dissociated elements in the technical representation. The object of circulating technique, and having it taken inti account as a strategy for the network, induces one to simplify the message circulated. This is one with the object of making it easier for producers to have access to it, but also to obtain an agreement on a unified strategy on the part of the operators of regional production organizations. The fact that farmers' various practices and needs have been taken into consideration, explains why an identical system of evaluation between resources and constraints does not meet the diversity of appropriation modes, which are links up with the concepts of the profession, and leads to under valuation of the dynamics of different environments. The interpretation showing the difficulty there is an articulating between vertical approaches by product groups and transversal approaches of distribution and precautions is confirmed by the analysis of experiences made in other fields. Analysis of the levers of change on the part of orchard growers shows that they need to make their own evaluation of the levers that con be mobilized in order to become autonomous
Laflèche, Samuel. "Analyse des déterminants socioéconomiques de l'arboriculture fruitière dans la Menoua - Région de l'Ouest du Cameroun." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27620.
Full textGrieve, Alexander Joseph. "Street Trees as a Source of Timber in Washington, DC." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84158.
Full textMaster of Science
Cazals, Clarisse. "Analyse conventionnaliste des démarches environnementales volontaires : l'exemple de la viticulture et de l'arboriculture fruitière." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40034.
Full textVoluntary Environmental Approaches (VEA) are considered as all the firm free contracts aiming at improving their environmental performance, beyond legal requirements, in the limits of a formal or informal system. The dynamics of their expansion and their diversity leads to open an economical and ecological work in order to analyse them, selecting the acceptibility criteria, rather than the ecological one. We present an analysis of the various conditions of VEA emergence and durability in the agricultural sector, especially in wine growing and fruit arboriculture. As a matter of fact, these two sectors are concerned by the non-point source pollution due to chemical products. In order to cope with this major environmental issue, the actors have chosen two VEA models : organic farming and integrated farming. Starting from the economics of conventions theoretical foundations, we build an analysis that fits with the environmental problem, articulating possible worlds of environmental protecting production and environmental conventions. It allows us to focus on the distinction between the two VEA types in both processes
Verbrugghe, Michel. "Contribution à l'analyse des microclimats au niveau de l'arbre de couverts forestiers et de parcelles agricoles entourées de brise-vent." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX23001.
Full textAn analysis of energy exchange in low levels of the atmosphere is made in heterogeneous agricultural lands, particulary about the influence of trees' structures on regional climatic modifications and on the making of microclimates. Successive scales are discussed from a tree throught forest canopies and to agricultural parcels surrounded of wind-breaks. At the level of a tree surfaces temperatures variations of fruit-trees are analysed in relation with height above the ground exposure, trunk colour and meteorological conditions. At the scale of forest canopies, particular attempt is made in analysis of wind speed, global radiation, air humidity and air temperature vertical profiles in two cedars'stands. Comparison of microclimate profiles measured simultaneously in open fields and inside cedars' canopies are also discussed. At the scale of agricultural parcels the microclimatic effects of wind-breaks in breton bocage and in low valley of the rhone are presented and explained. Special attention is made about aerodynamic and radiative effects of hedges on spaciotemporal variations of wind speed, air humidity and air temperature
Hwang, Won Hoi. "Investigating the Impact of Urban Tree Planting Strategies for Shade and Residential Energy Conservation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/75168.
Full textPh. D.
Pailly, Olivier. "Facteurs de variabilité de la qualité du Kiwi ("Actinidia deliciosa" cv. Hayward) en conservation : applications agronomiques." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20200.
Full textPraly, Cécile. "Nouvelles formes de valorisation territoriale en agriculture : le cas de l’arboriculture de la moyenne vallée du Rhône." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20038/document.
Full textThe fruit growing sector in the Middle Rhône Valley, competed by low-cost-production countries, faces a serious structural crisis. Then, we analyze the links between the arboriculture and its territories which can constitue resources mobilized as territorial valorization forms by local actors.The historic productive model of the arboriculture in the Middle Rhône Valley, the production-shipping basin, is now questioned by two rival forces. The first, called « centrifugal », is exercised by the main shippers who enlarge their supply area to be able to deliver large volumes of standardized fruits, relevant for the main retailers demand. In the opposite, some « centripetal » forces produce a fragmentation effect in the basin. These result from territorial identification initiatives for fruits, lead by the producers.Between these forces, farmers develop some strategies to maintain economic viability of their farms. They add to the existing shipping-circuits news outlets which valorize various proximities between production and consumption. We describe multi-scale « proximity circuits », including different types of the fruits supply chain actors, of consumers and marketing chanels. These circuits are shaped by competition and complementarity relationships with the basin of production-shipping. They benefit from the local communities supports.The conclusion of the research displays a characterization of the different proximity circuits and a theorical model to analyze the diversity of territorial valorization forms in agriculture
Nesme, Thomas. "Utilisation de modèles agronomiques pour analyser les pratiques des agriculteurs : application à l'irrigation et à la fertilisation azotée en vergers de pommiers au sein d'une petite région." Montpellier, ENSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENSA0017.
Full textAnjar, Lahsen. "Organisation spatiale et vie rurale sur le Piémont du Haut Atlas Occidental : cas des vallées d'Imintanoute, Province de Chichaoua (Maroc)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0289.
Full textImintanoute valleys constitute an example of mountain valleys in Western Atlas undergoing severe crisis. Long considered a "place of refuge" by its inhabitants, the Imintanoute area - with its three aspects: mountain, piedmont and plain - now appears as a major "expulsion zone".Even though agriculture has diversified to some extent - based in the irrigated zones (bled targa) at the bottom of valleys and on the rainfed barley crops of the bled bour* (rainfed agricultural area), together with breeding and diversified fruit tree crops (almond and olive trees) as a source of complementary income for farmers - obvious signs of crisis appear today. Subsistence agriculture suffers from persistent draughts, lack of irrigation, a very low average yield rate per hectare, the gradual degradation of fruit tree crops and the decline of breeding. The traditional community and the area of Imintanoute have undergone profound changes. Most of the old irrigation systems (naoura and sania) have been abandoned or replaced by power pumps. That modern technology has transformed the landscape of the bled targa and possibly even of the bled bour*. All villages without exception are affected by emigration. Many young people are driven out from their douars by poverty. Today, new social, economic, cultural and political structures have changed the behaviours and the ways of life of the populations. In view of those changes, hope rests on the new motorway from Marrakech to Agadir and on still other projects to redynamize the economy and thus improve the quality of life of the Aït Imintanoute
Praly, Cécile. "Nouvelles formes de valorisation territoriale en agriculture, le cas de l'arboriculture de la Moyenne Vallée du Rhône." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00617137.
Full textPersson, Kasper. "User-centered design of an attachable battery pack for arborists." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Konstruktion och produktutveckling, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45718.
Full textGlobe Group, som står bakom varumärket Greenworks Tools, är branschledande inom batteridriven utomhusutrustning och levererar verktyg med samma prestandanivå som hos ett bensindrivet verktyg, fast utan utsläpp och krångel som det typiskt är förknippat med. Bensindrivna verktyg är fortfarande mycket vanliga inom trädvårdssektorn där arborister arbetar med motorsågar dagligen vid trädfällning och grenbeskärning. Nu är en ny typ av motorsåg under utveckling av Globe Group som kännetecknas av sin lätta vikt och stora batterikapacitet, vilket ger extra lång batterilivslängd. Denna kombination är möjligt genom att ha ett externt batteri vilket är huserat i ett separat batteripaket istället för att placera batteriet direkt in i verktyget. Projektets mål är att anpassa och konstruera batterifickan specifikt för målgruppen arborister genom att använda en användarcentrerad designapproach med fokus på ergonomi. Detta görs genom ett nära samarbete med arboristerna under hela projektets gång, från förstudie till utvärdering av resultat, för att utforska och uppfylla användarens behov. Ett slutligt koncept är utvecklat för att tillgodose både användarens och företagets behov/krav.
Hormazábal, González Natalie. "Uso de recursos boscosos en el valle del río Cisnes (~44º S) durante los 3.000 – 2.300 años cal AP: una aproximación Traceológica." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/144422.
Full textEn Patagonia, la ocupación de los bosques andinos es un fenómeno relativamente reciente, restringido a la última mitad del Holoceno. La mayoría de los modelos sobre la explotación del bosque en Patagonia, coincide en que los grupos cazadores recolectores que ocuparon estos espacios, lo hicieron de manera complementaria con otros biomas más productivos (Borrero 2004; Carballido 2009; Fernández et al. 2011; Carballido y Fernández 2013). Este planteamiento se basa en que el bosque de Patagonia, si bien es un ambiente muy rico en términos de recursos vegetales, en términos de biomasa animal, es muy pobre, ya que los recursos faunísticos presentes en este tipo de ambientes, se caracterizan por ser de tamaños medianos o pequeños y de hábitos solitarios. Esto, sumado a las dificultades de visibilidad en estos ambientes, produce que el espacio estepario sea más favorable económicamente. Es así que en el noroeste de Patagonia, las ocupaciones del bosque durante el Holoceno Tardío, se conciben integradas dentro de circuitos amplios de movilidad, que incluirían diversos pisos ecológicos y la explotación estacional de los ambientes boscosos (Méndez y Reyes 2008; Carballido 2009; Fernández et al. 2011; Carballido y Fernández 2013)
Berger, Cyndel. "Traitement phytosanitaire des arbres par micro-injection : résilience de la blessure, transfert des molécules et efficacité." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30259.
Full textTrunk injection of plant protection products (PPP) into trees is an alternative method to aerial spraying. This method consists in placing PPP in the vascular system, the sapflow ensuring the dispersion of the molecule in the tree. The random efficacy results of these methods require a better understanding of the transfer and distribution of PPP in the tree in order to optimize treatments. A non-invasive method, the micro-injection with a small diameter needle, was used in this project to determine the resilience of the injection wound caused by the needle. Wounds were analyzed by imaging on sections of apple tree trunks and vines. The establishment of physico-chemical barriers was observed on apple trees. The wound is then isolated from the external atmosphere by compartmentalization of a limited impacted tissue area and a quite rapid resilience of the wound. The distribution kinetics of three active ingredients (a.i) difenoconazole, imidacloprid and pyrimethanil, was monitored after injection in apple trees. Analyses by LC-MS/MS showed a high variability in the foliar distribution of a.i. and concentrations in fruits were below the maximum residue limit. Dyes or radiolabeled PPP were used to study the parameters that control the distribution. These results showed that sectorization of the vascular system and patterns of water flow govern the spatial distribution. In addition, the retention of a.i. on xylem vessels is the main factor explaining the low transfer of some a.i. which can be improved by using surfactants. Furthermore, the efficacy of three others a.i., thiabendazole, allicin and silver nanoparticles, has been tested invitro against various pathogenic fungi to be used by injection. Thiabendazole, which had the highest efficacy, and allicin appeared to be good candidates for this purpose. This work showed that micro-injection was a lasting treatment method without risk for the trees. Further progress in PPP formulations are nevertheless still needed to achieve sufficient efficacy
Rouet, Marion. "Les potagers aristocratiques et royaux en Ile-de-France : (fin XVIIe - fin XVIIIe siècle)." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA131012.
Full textVegetables gardens of royal properties and aristocratic houses are gardens which are thought to be essential in the Ile-de-France region as they filled the owners’ table with fruits and vegetables all the year round. They were the witnesses of a change of mentality which took place within the French society during the Ancien Régime between the end of the seventeenth century and the end of the eighteenth century. A the end of the studied period, this garden, which was a source of well-being combining physical exercise and intellectual thought, became the symbol of the nobility’s decline, in particular through the luxurious and unnatural production of early fruit and vegetables. Gardeners and their labour forces thus played an essential role, bearing in mind the equipments and the tools at their disposal. The expertises developed thanks to scientific research (botany) combined with technical progresses. Hothouses became indispensable at the end of the eighteenth century and enabled to grow exotic plants. The fruit and edible cultivations tried to satisfy the demands of the lords of the places as far as beauty and taste (texture and flavour) were concerned in order to be thus distinguished from peasants’ gardens. The notion of aesthetic can be indeed found in the line of the garden, which does not exclude the walk, but it can also be found in the behaviour of fruit trees, which cover the walls and adorn the gardens. The beauty of the fruit also comes into play in both the garden and the plate. The vegetable garden is thus a full-fledged garden, in close connection with the house, even if it is sometimes controversial. It is subject to fashion and it has quite rightly a place within the general arrangement of parks. This study is based on examples from Versailles, Trianon, Fontainebleau, Compiègne, Meudon, Bellevue, Choisy, Sceaux, Chantilly, La Roche Guyon, L'Isle Adam, Pontchartrain, Chamarande and Méréville
Gallien, Manon. "La résilience des Systèmes Alimentaires de qualité différenciée : approche pour la compréhension des dynamiques de protection de la qualité de l'eau en agriculture." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2067/document.
Full textIn 2009, The Grenelle de l'Environnement (French environmental pact) introduced environmental clauses within Geographical Indications (GI) specifications. French Water agencies (agences de l’eau) perceive it as a good opportunity to address the issue of agricultural pollution, by takings actions at the upstream level. In this context, this study examines how certainfood quality processes are proactively setting targets for conserving water. This question led to develop a global approach in order to look at the issues of water quality from the wider angle of environmental preservation. It requires not only to focus on regulation tools of food quality products but also to take into account a larger set of environmental actions. Along the same lines, the theoretical framework of the resilience of food system of differentiated quality has also been developed. It allows to study proactive environmental dynamics set up by stakeholders to deal with perturbations linked to natural resources degradation, such as water. Those perturbations can be factual (measured) or represented, when stakeholders consider a potential risk. This analytical framework has been applied on case studies in viticulture and fruit production in the South-East of France. The results underscore the complexity of environmental dynamics: they are based on a set of complementary actions and require the mobilization of key players, able to engage in a collective dynamics but also to have a wider vision of food systems, both by looking at the vertical dimension (market oriented) and horizontal dimension (link with the local territory)
Blesbois, Anaïs. "Les Vergers : théories, pratiques et représentations (France, Flandres, Etats-Bourguignons, XIVe- mi XVIe siècles)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASK005.
Full textOrchards mirror the profound changes oflate-medieval societies. Their study, at the crossroadsof environmental history, history of knowledge,history of techniques, of representations and ofpolitics, has long been neglected by historiography.This thesis fills this gap by investigating orchards inFrance, Flanders and in the Burgundian States usingan interdisciplinary approach combining the use ofdigital humanities and detailed analysis paying closeattention to the materiality of sources, in order togain a better understanding of these particularspaces and, through them, of the changingrelationship between late medieval societies andtheir environment between the fourteenth and midsixteenth centuries.New hypotheses emerged through this work,showing the specificities, diversities and evolutionsof late-medieval orchards. It swept away manywidely-held preconceptions about medievalgardens in general, and revealed significantchanges, symptomatic of major anthropologicalshifts in the relationship between late medievalsocieties and their environment
Poncet, Christian. "Les Arboriculteurs français et les marchés fruitiers structures et stratégies dans la filière des fruits frais /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608945r.
Full textEngelmann, Florent. "Cryoconservation des embryons somatiques de palmier à l'huile (Elaeis guineesis jacq)." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066505.
Full textThioye, Babacar. "Amélioration de la croissance et de la production fruitière de ziziphus mauritiana lam par l'inoculation mycorhizienne dans des vergers au Sénégal." Thesis, Antilles, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANTI0157/document.
Full textThe jujube (or Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) is an important multipurpose species (e.g. fruits, fodder, wood) for reforestation and fruit farming in the Sahel. In this context where soils are often degraded and deficient in P, mycorrhization and phosphorus fertilization could play a major role on improvement of jujube growth and productivity. The main objective of this work was to improve growth and fruit production of Z. mauritiana by mycorrhizal inoculation in two orchards at Senegal. This work aims (i) to evaluate the responses of different species of Ziziphus and provenances of Z. mauritiana to inoculation with AMF in greenhouse conditions, (ii) to assess the impact of inoculation with R. irregularis IR27 on growth, survival and fruit production of Z. mauritiana, (iii) to assess the impact of inoculation on diversity of native AMF communities associated to Z. mauritiana after planting and (iv) to determinate the persistence of R. irregularis IR27 in roots of Z. mauritiana after planting.The fungus R. irregularis IR27 proved to be the most effective AMF tested in this work. The pair Z. mauritiana /R. irregularis IR27 has been chosen as model to study the impact of inoculation on fruit production of two provenances, Gola (Indian variety selected for its large size fruits) and Tasset (local cultivar with small-sized fruits) in two sites with contrasting rainfall (Amally and Keur Mangari). Our results showed a positive effect of inoculation on growth, survival and mycorrhizal colonization of Z. mauritiana plants at 13 and 24 months after planting at Amally and Keur Mangari respectively. Inoculation increased also fruit production of jujubes at 18 and 30 months after planting at Keur Mangari. These results indicated the high ability of R. irregularis to compete with indigenous AMF. The MiSeq Illumina sequencing of 18S rRNA gene revealed a negative impact of inoculation on AMF richness and diversity at Amally, unlike at Keur Mangari where inoculation had no impact on AMF richness and diversity. The RPB1 gene proved to be an appropriate marker to detect of R. irregularis IR27 in inoculated Z. mauritiana roots and to evaluate by qPCR the root colonization of R. irregularis IR27 which accounted for 11 to 13% at 13 months after planting at Amally and 12 to 15% at 24 months after planting at Keur Mangari. Therefore, it is important to assess at long-term the impact of R. irregularis IR27 and its persistence in inoculated Z. mauritiana roots in large environmental conditions
Soufi, Ziad. "Mauvaises herbes des vergers en Syrie maritime." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20217.
Full textEspinoza, Christian. "Approche métabolomique non-ciblée pour révéler les réponses métaboliques des prunus à l'infection par le PPV, conduisant au développement d'un outil de détection innovant pour la détection précoce de la maladie de la sharka et la sauvegarde des vergers en Occitanie." Thesis, Perpignan, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PERP0018.
Full textSharka disease, caused by Plum pox virus (PPV), is responsible for significant economic losses in Prunus. However, no preventive or curative treatments are currently available and only a few sources of natural resistance have been found. In France, a prophylactic approach has been adopted in an attempt to limit the spread of the PPV, which is essentially based on the rapid detection and removal of infected trees. However, certain technical and economic limitations do not allow the early andeffective detection of PPV on a large scale by conventional methods. The department of Pyrénées Orientales (France) is the most affected by this disease (85% of infections). These issues motivated the creation of the Antishark project, which is the result of a collaboration between AkiNaO, the University of Perpignan Via Domitia, FDGDON66 and local producers. The objective of the project was to develop an innovative method of early detection, targeting the metabolic responses of Prunuspersica at an early stage of the infection. Consequently, two studies under monitored conditions using an untargeted metabolomics approach (UHPLC-HRMS) were carried out. This approach is a promising tool to reveal the metabolic interactions between PPV and its host. In a first study, the global metabolic response to PPV-infection (Dideron and Marcus strains), including symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves, allowed the discrimination of metabolic profiles from PPV-infected and healthy leaves. Although there was a common response between the two strains, metabolic differences were also revealed, notably highlighting strain-specific metabolic alterations. In fact, this novel result could eventually lead to the possibility of identifying the viral strain(s) responsible for the infection. Furthermore, it was possible to discriminate PPV-infected plants (symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves) from healthy plants and from plants infected by another plant pathogenic virus. These observations suggest the existence of a potential specific response to the sharka disease. Based on all these findings, the hypothesis that asymptomatic PPVinfected trees could be detected through virus-induced metabolic alterations is supported.Furthermore, the metabolic responses collected from asymptomatic leaves could be considered as early responses to PPV-infection, i.e., before the appearance of symptoms. In a second step, early metabolic alterations, before the appearance of sharka symptoms, were confirmed by a kinetic study, despite negative molecular tests (RT-qPCR). Our results indicate that early detection of PPVinfected plants by targeting metabolic responses in Prunus persica was a promising strategy. Finally,statistical correlations between the two studies were found. Although the cultivars showed significantly different metabolic profiles, some discriminant features were common between the different cultivars tested (GF-305, yellow nectarine, yellow peach) and also between the different stages of the virus infection (symptomatic and asymptomatic). Nevertheless, a co-infection of PPV and powdery mildew observed during the kinetic experiment under monitored conditions could alter the impact of PPV-infection. Consequently, a new kinetic study without co-infection, is ongoing to confirm or refute these first observations. In addition, the identification of biomarkers related to the sharka disease, also in progress, would provide a betterunderstanding of the metabolic interactions between peach and PPV. Finally, other experiments under natural conditions are underway to evaluate the robustness of our potential biomarkers
Benjamin, Virginie. "Une ferme à vocation arboricole : la ferme des coteaux de St-Joachim, 1850-1900." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0002/MQ43763.pdf.
Full textAlzubik, Belkair Sadeq. "Lutte biologique par conversation dans les vergers de pommiers : peut-on manipuler les communautés d'araignées pour augmenter leur efficacité contre certains ravageurs." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0348/document.
Full textIt is now crucial to develop new control tools to replace the use of pesticides. Biological control is one of this tool and we thus studied the possible roles of spiders as generalist predators in apple orchards. Three studies were carried out: the first one to determine which local factors (protection management and characteristics of the surroundings) govern spider communities (abundance, diversity) in apple orchards; the second to determine which spiders remain active in winter to control resting stages of some pests; and the last to assess the feasibility of a transfer and release of some spider species into an orchard. We first showed that organic and IPM orchards hosted very different spider community and that, in contrast, local characteristics (hedges and percentage of orchards in the vicinity) had only minor effects. We further demonstrated that some spiders were active winter-long in apple orchards in South-east of France with high abundances for some genus like Philodromus, Trachelas and Clubiona. Lastly we showed that transferring and releasing some spider species of interest (C. mildei and C. leucapsis) is possible and greatly increased the abundance of the released species for one year in the target orchard. We moreover observed a significantly negative relationship between C. mildei and codling moth abundance at the tree scale. These results proved that spider populations can be managed to increase their role in the biological control of important pests in pomefruit orchards
Habrouk, Abdessamad. "Regeneración natural y restauración de la zona afectada por el gran incendio del Bages y Berguedà de 1994." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3647.
Full textIn this work we study the post-fire regenerative ability of Pinus halepensis, Pinus nigra and Pinus sylvestris, in the framework of the following activities:
i) We have studied seed tolerance to different temperatures and times of exposure, and depending on seed position during the fire event (seeds inside cones versus free seeds) . The seeding phenology and the effects of fire severity on cone opening and seed germination contribute to explain the successful regeneration of P. halepensis, and the failure of P. nigra and P. sylvestris after fire.
ii) We have evaluated the post-fire regeneration pattern of Pinus halepensis, P. nigra and P. sylvestris three years after fire in a large burned area. P. halepensis shows high seedling density after fire, but P. nigra and P. sylvestris almost disappear from burned plots. With a succession model we predict that 77-93% of plots dominated by these two pines change after fire to oak woodlands or shrublands.
iii) We have explored the response to grazing of two co-occurring Mediterranean oaks, the evergreen Quercus ilex and the deciduous Quercus cerrioides in an area affected by a large wildfire. The results obtained indicate that neither of the two Quercus species was favoured by browsing in terms of mortality of individuals, plant structure and growth.
iV) We explore the resprouting patterns and the response to different intensities of stool cleaning and pruning of these co-occurring Mediterranean oak species in mixed extensive coppices which have appeared after large wildfires According to our results, both species resprouted vigorously after fire in the different environmental conditions studied, with an important influence of the size of the stool, while cleaning of stools increased height and basal diameter growth, with low differences between the two cleaning intensities.
V) In the last study, we have analyzed different types of vegetation, soil preparation and reforestation methods to restore P. nigra forests. We have compared these practices in terms of seedling establishment, but also in the light of their economic costs and ecological impact, through a new multi-criteria analysis. This analysis revealed that the two most preferred options were planting in uncleared or lightly grazed areas with soil preparation through ripping.