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Journal articles on the topic 'Arabinoxylan distribution'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Li, Jie, and Jinhua Du. "Molecular Characterization of Arabinoxylan from Wheat Beer, Beer Foam and Defoamed Beer." Molecules 24, no. 7 (March 29, 2019): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071230.

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This research was to explore the distribution and some molecular characterization of arabinoxylan in wheat beer (B), beer foam (BF) and defoamed beer (DB) because of the crucial influences of arabinoxylan on wheat beer and its foam. The purified arabinoxylan from B, BF, and DB were fractionated by ethanol of 50%, 67%, 75%, and 80%. The monosaccharide composition, substitution degree (Ara/Xyl ratio, A/X), and average degrees of polymerization (avDP) of arabinoxylan were investigated. Molecular weight and microstructure were also involved in this study by GPC-LLS and SEM, respectively. Under the same ethanol concentration, the arabinoxylan content in the BF was higher than the other two, respectively, and it was precipitated in BF fraction with 50% ethanol which accounted for 80.84% of the total polysaccharides. Meanwhile, the greatest substitution degree (A/X) and highest value of avDP of the arabinoxylan was found in all beer foam fractions regardless of the concentration of ethanol used. The average degrees of polymerization (avDP) of arabinoxylan displayed a significant difference (p < 0.05) among B, BF, and DB. Furthermore, arabinoxylan presented varied microstructure with irregular lamellas and spherical structures and the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of arabinoxylan showed the lowest values in BF, while the largest values were shown in DB. Therefore, arabinoxylan was more accumulated in beer foam, especially in 50% ethanol, characterised by greater value of A/X and avDP, as well as lower Mw. It was suggested that the arabinoxylan played important roles in maintaining wheat beer foam characteristics.

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2

Snelders, Jeroen, Emmie Dornez, Willem F. Broekaert, Jan A. Delcour, and Christophe M. Courtin. "Determination of the xylan backbone distribution of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides." Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre 2, no. 1 (July 2013): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2013.08.005.

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3

Hell, Johannes, Lloyd Donaldson, Herbert Michlmayr, Manuel Kraler, Wolfgang Kneifel, Antje Potthast, Thomas Rosenau, and Stefan Böhmdorfer. "Effect of pretreatment on arabinoxylan distribution in wheat bran." Carbohydrate Polymers 121 (May 2015): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.007.

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4

Cleemput, G., C. Booij, M. Hessing, H. Gruppen, and J. A. Delcour. "Solubilisation and Changes in Molecular Weight Distribution of Arabinoxylans and Protein in Wheat Flours During Bread-Making, and the Effects of Endogenous Arabinoxylan Hydrolysing Enzymes." Journal of Cereal Science 26, no. 1 (July 1997): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcrs.1996.0099.

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5

Marconi, Ombretta, Vincenzo Alfeo, Ivan Tomasi, Stefano Maranghi, Giovanni De Francesco, Valeria Sileoni, and Giuseppe Perretti. "Effects of malting process on molecular weight distribution and content of total and water-extractable arabinoxylan in barley." Journal of Cereal Science 107 (September 2022): 103532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103532.

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6

Michlmayr, Herbert, Johannes Hell, Cindy Lorenz, Stefan Böhmdorfer, Thomas Rosenau, and Wolfgang Kneifel. "Arabinoxylan Oligosaccharide Hydrolysis by Family 43 and 51 Glycosidases from Lactobacillus brevis DSM 20054." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 21 (August 30, 2013): 6747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02130-13.

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ABSTRACTDue to their potential prebiotic properties, arabinoxylan-derived oligosaccharides [(A)XOS] are of great interest as functional food and feed ingredients. While the (A)XOS metabolism ofBifidobacteriaceaehas been extensively studied, information regarding lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is still limited in this context. The aim of the present study was to fill this important gap by characterizing candidate (A)XOS hydrolyzing glycoside hydrolases (GHs) identified in the genome ofLactobacillus brevisDSM 20054. Two putative GH family 43 xylosidases (XynB1 and XynB2) and a GH family 43 arabinofuranosidase (Abf3) were heterologously expressed and characterized. While the function of XynB1 remains unclear, XynB2 could efficiently hydrolyze xylooligosaccharides. Abf3 displayed high specific activity for arabinobiose but could not release arabinose from an (A)XOS preparation. However, two previously reported GH 51 arabinofuranosidases fromLb. breviswere able to specifically remove α-1,3-linked arabinofuranosyl residues from arabino-xylooligosaccharides (AXHm3 specificity). These results imply thatLb. brevisis at least genetically equipped with functional enzymes in order to hydrolyze the depolymerization products of (arabino)xylans and arabinans. The distribution of related genes inLactobacillalesgenomes indicates that GH 43 and, especially, GH 51 glycosidase genes are rare among LAB and mainly occur in obligately heterofermentativeLactobacillusspp.,Pediococcusspp., members of theLeuconostoc/Weissellabranch, andEnterococcusspp. Apart from the prebiotic viewpoint, this information also adds new perspectives on the carbohydrate (i.e., pentose-oligomer) metabolism of LAB species involved in the fermentation of hemicellulose-containing substrates.

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7

Barron, Cécile, Christine Bar-L'Helgouac'h, Martine Champ, and Luc Saulnier. "Arabinoxylan content and grain tissue distribution are good predictors of the dietary fibre content and their nutritional properties in wheat products." Food Chemistry 328 (October 2020): 127111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127111.

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8

Shahidi, Fereidoon, and Abul Hossain. "Importance of Insoluble-Bound Phenolics to the Antioxidant Potential Is Dictated by Source Material." Antioxidants 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010203.

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Insoluble-bound phenolics (IBPs) are extensively found in the cell wall and distributed in various tissues/organs of plants, mainly cereals, legumes, and pulses. In particular, IBPs are mainly distributed in the protective tissues, such as seed coat, pericarp, and hull, and are also available in nutritional tissues, including germ, epicotyl, hypocotyl radicle, and endosperm, among others. IBPs account for 20–60% of the total phenolics in food matrices and can exceed 70% in leaves, flowers, peels, pulps, seeds, and other counterparts of fruits and vegetables, and up to 99% in cereal brans. These phenolics are mostly covalently bound to various macromolecules such as hemicellulose, cellulose, structural protein, arabinoxylan, and pectin, which can be extracted by acid, alkali, or enzymatic hydrolysis along with various thermal and non-thermal treatments. IBPs obtained from various sources exhibited a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anticancer, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic properties. In this contribution, the chemistry, distribution, biological activities, metabolism, and extraction methods of IBPs, and how they are affected by various treatments, are summarized. In particular, the effect of thermal and non-thermal processing on the release of IBPs and their antioxidant potential is discussed.

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9

Toole, G. A., G. Le Gall, I. J. Colquhoun, S. Drea, M. Opanowicz, Z. Bedő, P. R. Shewry, and E. N. C. Mills. "Spectroscopic analysis of diversity in the spatial distribution of arabinoxylan structures in endosperm cell walls of cereal species in the HEALTHGRAIN diversity collection." Journal of Cereal Science 56, no. 2 (September 2012): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2012.02.016.

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10

Yang, Zixin, Ting Huang, Ping Li, Jian Ai, Jiaxin Liu, Weibin Bai, and Lingmin Tian. "Dietary Fiber Modulates the Fermentation Patterns of Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside in a Fiber-Type Dependent Manner." Foods 10, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061386.

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The interactions between cell-wall polysaccharides and polyphenols in the gastrointestinal tract have attracted extensive attention. We hypothesized that dietary fiber modulates the fermentation patterns of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) in a fiber-type-dependent manner. In the present study, the effects of four dietary fibers (fructose-oligosaccharides, pectin, β-glucan and arabinoxylan) on the modulation of C3G fermentation patterns were investigated through in vitro fermentation inoculated with human feces. The changes in gas volume, pH, total carbohydrate content, metabolites of C3G, antioxidant activity, and microbial community distribution during in vitro fermentation were analyzed. After 24 h of fermentation, the gas volume and total carbohydrate contents of the four dietary-fiber-supplemented groups respectively increased and decreased to varying degrees. The results showed that the C3G metabolites after in vitro fermentation mainly included cyanidin, protocatechuic acid, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid, and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde. Supplementation of dietary fibers changed the proportions of C3G metabolites depending on the structures. Dietary fibers increased the production of short-chain fatty acids and the relative abundance of gut microbiota Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, thus potentially maintaining colonic health to a certain extent. In conclusion, the used dietary fibers modulate the fermentation patterns of C3G in a fiber-type-dependent manner.

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11

Ragaee, S. M., G. L. Campbell, G. J. Scoles, J. G. McLeod, and R. T. Tyler. "Studies on Rye (Secale cerealeL.) Lines Exhibiting a Range of Extract Viscosities. 1. Composition, Molecular Weight Distribution of Water Extracts, and Biochemical Characteristics of Purified Water-Extractable Arabinoxylan." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49, no. 5 (May 2001): 2437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf001227g.

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12

Driskill, Lance E., Kevin Kusy, Michael W. Bauer, and Robert M. Kelly. "Relationship between Glycosyl Hydrolase Inventory and Growth Physiology of the Hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus on Carbohydrate-Based Media." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 893–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.3.893-897.1999.

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ABSTRACT Utilization of a range of carbohydrates for growth by the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus was investigated by examining the spectrum of glycosyl hydrolases produced by this microorganism and the thermal labilities of various saccharides. Previously, P. furiosus had been found to grow in batch cultures on several α-linked carbohydrates and cellobiose but not on glucose or other β-linked sugars. Although P. furiosuswas not able to grow on any nonglucan carbohydrate or any form of cellulose in this study (growth on oat spelt arabinoxylan was attributed to glucan contamination of this substrate), significant growth at 98°C occurred on β-1,3- and β-1,3–β-1,4-linked glucans. Oligosaccharides generated by digestion with a recombinant laminarinase derived from P. furiosus were the compounds that were most effective in stimulating growth of the microorganism. In several cases, periodic addition of β-glucan substrates to fed-batch cultures limited adverse thermochemical modifications of the carbohydrates (i.e., Maillard reactions and caramelization) and led to significant increases (as much as two- to threefold) in the cell yields. While glucose had only a marginally positive effect on growth in batch culture, the final cell densities nearly tripled when glucose was added by the fed-batch procedure. Nonenzymatic browning reactions were found to be significant at 98°C for saccharides with degrees of polymerization (DP) ranging from 1 to 6; glucose was the most labile compound on a mass basis and the least labile compound on a molar basis. This suggests that for DP of 2 or greater protection of the nonreducing monosaccharide component may be a factor in substrate availability. For P. furiosus, carbohydrate utilization patterns were found to reflect the distribution of the glycosyl hydrolases which are known to be produced by this microorganism.

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13

Delcour, Jan A., Hilde Van Win, and Piet J. Grobet. "Distribution and Structural Variation of Arabinoxylans in Common Wheat Mill Streams." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47, no. 1 (January 1999): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf9805294.

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14

Ramseyer, Daniel D., Arthur D. Bettge, and Craig F. Morris. "Distribution of Total, Water-Unextractable, and Water-Extractable Arabinoxylans in Wheat Flour Mill Streams." Cereal Chemistry Journal 88, no. 2 (March 2011): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/cchem-10-10-0148.

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15

Dornez, Emmie, Kurt Gebruers, Stefan Wiame, Jan A. Delcour, and Christophe M. Courtin. "Insight into the Distribution of Arabinoxylans, Endoxylanases, and Endoxylanase Inhibitors in Industrial Wheat Roller Mill Streams." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54, no. 22 (November 2006): 8521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf061728n.

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16

Mendez-Encinas, Mayra A., Elizabeth Carvajal-Millan, Jesús Ortega-García, Lubitza B. Santiago-Gómez, Yubia De Anda-Flores, Karla G. Martínez-Robinson, and Dora E. Valencia-Rivera. "Effect of Ultrasound-Treated Arabinoxylans on the Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil." Antioxidants 9, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9020147.

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Arabinoxylans (AX) are polysaccharides with antioxidant activity and emulsifying properties, which make them an attractive alternative for its potential application as a natural antioxidant in oils. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasonic treatment of AX on their antioxidant capacity and its ability to improve the oxidative stability of soybean oil. For this purpose, AX were exposed to ultrasonic treatment at 25% (100 W, AX-1) and 50% (200 W, AX-2) power and an operating frequency of 20 KHz during 15 min, and their macromolecular properties (weight average molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index and intrinsic viscosity) were evaluated. The antioxidant capacity of AX was determined by the DPPH assay and Rancimat test. Results showed that ultrasonic treatment did not affect the molecular identity of the polysaccharide but modified its Mw distribution. AX-1 showed the highest antioxidant activity (75% inhibition) at 533 µg/mL by the DPPH method compared to AX and AX-2. AX at 0.25% (w/v) and AX-1 at 0.01% (w/v) exerted the highest protective effects on oxidative stability of soybean oil with induction periods of 7.69 and 5.54 h, respectively. The results indicate that AX could be a good alternative for the potential application as a natural antioxidant in oils.

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17

Dervilly-Pinel, G. "Investigation of the distribution of arabinose residues on the xylan backbone of water-soluble arabinoxylans from wheat flour." Carbohydrate Polymers 55, no. 2 (January 22, 2004): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2003.09.004.

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18

Jimenez, T., and M. A. Martinez-Anaya. "Characterization of water soluble pentosans of enzyme supplemented dough and breads/ Caracterización de las pentosanas solubles en agua extraídas de masa y pan conteniendo enzimas comerciales." Food Science and Technology International 6, no. 3 (June 2000): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201320000600302.

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Water soluble pentosans (WSP) from doughs and breads made with different enzyme preparations are characterized according to extraction yield, sugar composition, xylose/arabinose ratio and molecular weight (MW) distribution. Extraction yield was greater for dough than for bread samples, ranging from 0.94 to 1.64%, but bread extracts had a higher purity. Percent of pentoses in purified WSP was greater in pentosanase supplemented samples (28-55%) than in control and amylase containing samples (23-32%). Major sugars were xylose and arabinose, but glucose and mannose also appeared in the extracts. The xylose/arabinose (Xyl/Ara) ratio was 1.3-1.6 and underwent small changes during processing. Enzyme addition caused an increase in Xyl/Ara ratio, attributable to a debranching of arabinoxylans (AX) with higher degree of Ara substitution by arabinofuranosidase. Addition of pentosanases had a significant effect in increasing WSP with MW over 39 000, whereas those of low MW changed only slightly. MW distribution depended on enzyme source, and whereas some enzymes showed activity during fermentation others increased their activity during baking. No synergistic effects were observed in studied variables due to the combination of amylases with pentosanases. Protein in WSP extracts eluted together with ferulic acid suggesting they were linked, but not associated with a determined carbohydrate fraction.

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19

Avci, Utku. "Cell Wall Glycan Changes in Different Brachypodium Tissues Give Insights into Monocot Biomass." Fermentation 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2023): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9010052.

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The annual temperate grass Brachypodium distachyon has become a model system for monocot biomass crops and for understanding lignocellulosic recalcitrance to employ better saccharification and fermentation approaches. It is a monocot plant used to study the grass cell walls that differ from the cell walls of dicot plants such as the eudicot model Arabidopsis. The B. distachyon cell wall is predominantly composed of cellulose, arabinoxylans, and mixed-linkage glucans, and it resembles the cell walls of other field grasses. It has a vascular bundle anatomy similar to C3 grasses. These features make Brachypodium an ideal model to study cell walls. Cell walls are composed of polymers with complex structures that vary between cell types and at different developmental stages. Antibodies that recognize specific cell wall components are currently one of the most effective and specific molecular probes to determine the location and distribution of polymers in plant cell walls in situ. Here, we investigated the glycan distribution in the cell walls of the root and leaf tissues of Brachypodium by employing cell-wall-directed antibodies against diverse glycan epitopes. There are distinct differences in the presence of the epitopes between the root and leaf tissues as well as in the cell type level, which gives insights into monocot biomass.

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20

Fadel, Abdulmannan, Andrew Plunkett, Jason Ashworth, Ayman M. Mahmoud, Yazan Ranneh, Mohamed El Mohtadi, and Weili Li. "The effect of extrusion screw-speed on the water extractability and molecular weight distribution of arabinoxylans from defatted rice bran." Journal of Food Science and Technology 55, no. 3 (January 18, 2018): 1201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-3010-0.

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21

Martínez-Subirà, Mariona, María-Paz Romero, Alba Macià, Eva Puig, Ignacio Romagosa, and Marian Moralejo. "Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Pearling Fractions of Hulled, Partially Hull-Less and Hull-Less Food Barley Genotypes." Foods 10, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030565.

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Three food barley genotypes differing in the presence or absence of husks were sequentially pearled and their fractions analyzed for ash, proteins, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in order to identify potential functional food ingredients. Husks were high in ash, arabinoxylans, procyanidin B3, prodelphinidin B4 and p-coumaric, ferulic and diferulic bound acids, resulting in a high antioxidant capacity. The outermost layers provided a similar content of those bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity that were high in husks, and also an elevated content of tocols, representing the most valuable source of bioactive compounds. Intermediate layers provided high protein content, β-glucans, tocopherols and such phenolic compounds as catechins and bound hydroxybenzoic acid. The endosperm had very high β-glucan content and relative high levels of catechins and hydroxybenzoic acid. Based on the spatial distribution of the bioactive compounds, the outermost 30% pearling fractions seem the best option to exploit the antioxidant capacity of barley to the full, whereas pearled grains supply β-glucans enriched flours. Current regulations require elimination of inedible husks from human foods. However, due to their high content in bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity, they should be considered as a valuable material, at least for animal feeds.

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22

Izydorczyk, Marta S., Tricia McMillan, Sharon Bazin, Jerry Kletke, Len Dushnicky, James Dexter, Anna Chepurna, and Brian Rossnagel. "Milling of Canadian oats and barley for functional food ingredients: Oat bran and barley fibre-rich fractions." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 3 (March 2014): 573–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2013-229.

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Izydorczyk, M. S., McMillan, T., Bazin, S., Kletke, J., Dushnicky, L., Dexter, J., Chepurna, A. and Rossnagel, B. 2014. Milling of Canadian oats and barley for functional food ingredients: Oat bran and barley fibre-rich fractions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 573–586. Oats and barley are recognized for their valuable fibre constituents having protective and therapeutic effects against the development of diet-related disorders. Mixed linkage (1–3), (1–4)-β-D-glucans, the major dietary fibre constituents in oats and barley, have been linked to blood cholesterol lowering properties of these grains. The objective of this study was to compare oat bran and barley fibre-rich fractions (FRF) as two products with elevated levels of β-glucans and obtained by similar roller milling processes. The content of β-glucan in oat brans prepared from three different cultivars (AC Morgan, HiFi, and CDC ProFi) ranged from 7.90 to 9.50%, whereas the content of β-glucans in FRF prepared from three barley cultivars (CDC McGwire, CDC Fibar, and CDC Hilose) ranged from 9.31 to 18.19% (dwb). The yields of oat brans ranged from 44 to 49% and the yields of barley FRF from 39–49%. Both preparations contained higher amounts of arabinoxylans, proteins, and ash compared with the original grains. The oat brans were made up mainly of fragments containing the outer grain layers with a substantial portion of the subaleurone starchy endosperm attached to them, whereas the barley FRF consisted primarily of fragments containing the endosperm cell walls, with a smaller proportion of the outer grain tissues. The barley FRF contained smaller particles with broader distribution of particle size than the oat brans. The oat bran particles had higher bulk density and lower porosity than the barley FRF. Both preparations showed pronounced viscosity-building properties when dispersed in water at 45°C, but exhibited different viscosity profiles and differences in the attainable viscosity values.

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23

Ramseyer, Dan, A. Bettge, and C. Morris. "Arabinoxylan distribution and functionality in selected flour mill streams and effect on flour blending." CFW Plexus, AACCI 2011 Annual Meeting (October 15, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/cplex-2011-1015-01w.

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24

Rivai, Reza Ramdan, Takuji Miyamoto, Tatsuya Awano, Rie Takada, Yuki Tobimatsu, Toshiaki Umezawa, and Masaru Kobayashi. "Nitrogen deficiency results in changes to cell wall composition of sorghum seedlings." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (December 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02570-y.

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AbstractSorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] has been gaining attention as a feedstock for biomass energy production. While it is obvious that nitrogen (N) supply significantly affects sorghum growth and biomass accumulation, our knowledge is still limited regarding the effect of N on the biomass quality of sorghum, such as the contents and structures of lignin and other cell wall components. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of N supply on the structure and composition of sorghum cell walls. The cell walls of hydroponically cultured sorghum seedlings grown under sufficient or deficient N conditions were analyzed using chemical, two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, gene expression, and immunohistochemical methods. We found that the level of N supply considerably affected the cell wall structure and composition of sorghum seedlings. Limitation of N led to a decrease in the syringyl/guaiacyl lignin unit ratio and an increase in the amount and alteration of tissue distribution of several hemicelluloses, including mixed linkage (1 → 3), (1 → 4)-β-d-glucan, and arabinoxylan. At least some of these cell wall alterations could be associated with changes in gene expression. Nitrogen status is thus one of the factors affecting the cell wall properties of sorghum seedlings.

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25

Nakamichi, Yusuke, Tatsuya Fujii, Thierry Fouquet, Akinori Matsushika, and Hiroyuki Inoue. "GH30-7 Endoxylanase C from the Filamentous Fungus Talaromyces cellulolyticus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 85, no. 22 (September 6, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01442-19.

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ABSTRACT Glycoside hydrolase family 30 subfamily 7 (GH30-7) enzymes include various types of xylanases, such as glucuronoxylanase, endoxylanase, xylobiohydrolase, and reducing-end xylose-releasing exoxylanase. Here, we characterized the mode of action and gene expression of the GH30-7 endoxylanase from the cellulolytic fungus Talaromyces cellulolyticus (TcXyn30C). TcXyn30C has a modular structure consisting of a GH30-7 catalytic domain and a C-terminal cellulose binding module 1, whose cellulose-binding ability has been confirmed. Sequence alignment of GH30-7 xylanases exhibited that TcXyn30C has a conserved Phe residue at the position corresponding to a conserved Arg residue in GH30-7 glucuronoxylanases, which is required for the recognition of the 4-O-methyl-α-d-glucuronic acid (MeGlcA) substituent. TcXyn30C degraded both glucuronoxylan and arabinoxylan with similar kinetic constants and mainly produced linear xylooligosaccharides (XOSs) with 2 to 3 degrees of polymerization, in an endo manner. Notably, the hydrolysis of glucuronoxylan caused an accumulation of 22-(MeGlcA)-xylobiose (U4m2X). The production of this acidic XOS is likely to proceed via multistep reactions by putative glucuronoxylanase activity that produces 22-(MeGlcA)-XOSs (XnU4m2X, n ≥ 0) in the initial stages of the hydrolysis and by specific release of U4m2X from a mixture containing XnU4m2X. Our results suggest that the unique endoxylanase activity of TcXyn30C may be applicable to the production of linear and acidic XOSs. The gene xyn30C was located adjacent to the putative GH62 arabinofuranosidase gene (abf62C) in the T. cellulolyticus genome. The expression of both genes was induced by cellulose. The results suggest that TcXyn30C may be involved in xylan removal in the hydrolysis of lignocellulose by the T. cellulolyticus cellulolytic system. IMPORTANCE Xylooligosaccharides (XOSs), which are composed of xylose units with a β-1,4 linkage, have recently gained interest as prebiotics in the food and feed industry. Apart from linear XOSs, branched XOSs decorated with a substituent such as methyl glucuronic acid and arabinose also have potential applications. Endoxylanase is a promising tool in producing XOSs from xylan. The structural variety of XOSs generated depends on the substrate specificity of the enzyme as well as the distribution of the substituents in xylan. Thus, the exploration of endoxylanases with novel specificities is expected to be useful in the provision of a series of XOSs. In this study, the endoxylanase TcXyn30C from Talaromyces cellulolyticus was characterized as a unique glycoside hydrolase belonging to the family GH30-7, which specifically releases 22-(4-O-methyl-α-d-glucuronosyl)-xylobiose from hardwood xylan. This study provides new insights into the production of linear and branched XOSs by GH30-7 endoxylanase.

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26

Fanuel, Mathieu, Florent Grélard, Loïc Foucat, Camille Alvarado, Bastien Arnaud, Anne-Laure Chateigner-Boutin, Luc Saulnier, David Legland, and Hélène Rogniaux. "Spatial correlation of water distribution and fine structure of arabinoxylans in the developing wheat grain." Carbohydrate Polymers, July 2022, 119738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119738.

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