Journal articles on the topic 'Arabidopsis thaliana'

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1

Huang, Ancheng C., Ting Jiang, Yong-Xin Liu, Yue-Chen Bai, James Reed, Baoyuan Qu, Alain Goossens, Hans-Wilhelm Nützmann, Yang Bai, and Anne Osbourn. "A specialized metabolic network selectively modulates Arabidopsis root microbiota." Science 364, no. 6440 (May 9, 2019): eaau6389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aau6389.

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Plant specialized metabolites have ecological functions, yet the presence of numerous uncharacterized biosynthetic genes in plant genomes suggests that many molecules remain unknown. We discovered a triterpene biosynthetic network in the roots of the small mustard plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Collectively, we have elucidated and reconstituted three divergent pathways for the biosynthesis of root triterpenes, namely thalianin (seven steps), thalianyl medium-chain fatty acid esters (three steps), and arabidin (five steps). A. thaliana mutants disrupted in the biosynthesis of these compounds have altered root microbiota. In vitro bioassays with purified compounds reveal selective growth modulation activities of pathway metabolites toward root microbiota members and their biochemical transformation and utilization by bacteria, supporting a role for this biosynthetic network in shaping an Arabidopsis-specific root microbial community.
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2

Meyerowitz, E. M. "Arabidopsis Thaliana." Annual Review of Genetics 21, no. 1 (December 1987): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ge.21.120187.000521.

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3

Wixon, Jo. "Arabidopsis thaliana." Comparative and Functional Genomics 2, no. 2 (2001): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cfg.75.

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Arabidopsisis universally acknowledged as the model for dicotyledonous crop plants. Furthermore, some of the information gleaned from this small plant can be used to aid work on monocotyledonous crops. Here we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge and resources for the study of this important model plant, with comments on future prospects in the field from Professor Pamela Green and Dr Sean May.
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4

Sussman, M. R. "Shaking Arabidopsis thaliana." Science 256, no. 5057 (May 1, 1992): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.256.5057.619.

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5

Akimov, Yu. "Ultrastructure of mesophyll cells of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.) after hyperthermia." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 85, no. 2 (2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728_2748.2021.85.15-22.

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The influence of hyperthermia (33 ºC, 2 days) on the ultrastructure of palisade cells of mesophyll of the first rosette leaves of arabidopsis Columbia 0 ecotype (Col-0, phases 1.02–1.04) was studied. Samples of 12-day-old seedlings were selected in 2 variants: control and 2 days 33 ºC. Seedlings of the control variant were grown in a growth chamber with a photoperiod of 15/9 hours. (day/night), illumination 5.5 klx, 75 % humidity and temperature 22 ºC. In the experimental variant containers with 9-day-old seedlings were transferred for 2 days to a growth chamber with a preset light 5.5 klx and temperature 33 ºC, with a photoperiod of 15/9 hours. The conducted ultrastructural analysis allowed to reveal the spectrum of rearrangements of palisade cells after two-day action of high (33 ºC) temperature. It was shown that the high temperature negatively affected size of mesophyll palisade cells, the cross-sectional area of which was 12 % smaller than in the control. Chloroplasts show an increase in granality: in the control granas contained 6–10 thylakoids, often combining into larger granas, up to 20 or more thylakoids in the intersection zone, while after two-day hyperthermia the granas contained 20 or more thylakoids, often forming giant granas of 60 and more thylakoids, the average cross-sectional area of starch granules decreased by almost half: 0.99 μm2 compared to 1.92 μm2 in the control, the diameter of plastoglobuli increased 3–4 times: to 100–200 nm compared to 30–50 nm in the control. In mitochondria, there was a decrease in the partial volume of the cristae, enlightenment of the matrix, the cross-section of mitochondria increased at least twice: 1 μm2 compared to 0.44 μm2 in the control. The mean cross-sectional area of peroxisomes also increased at least twice, to 1.36 μm2 compared with 0.77 μm2 in the control.
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6

Lv, Junli, Wei Wu, Tao Ma, Bohan Yang, Asaf Khan, Peining Fu, and Jiang Lu. "Kinase Inhibitor VvBKI1 Interacts with Ascorbate Peroxidase VvAPX1 Promoting Plant Resistance to Oomycetes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6 (March 7, 2023): 5106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065106.

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Downy mildew caused by oomycete pathogen Plasmopara viticola is a devastating disease of grapevine. P. viticola secretes an array of RXLR effectors to enhance virulence. One of these effectors, PvRXLR131, has been reported to interact with grape (Vitis vinifera) BRI1 kinase inhibitor (VvBKI1). BKI1 is conserved in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the role of VvBKI1 in plant immunity is unknown. Here, we found transient expression of VvBKI1 in grapevine and N. benthamiana increased its resistance to P. viticola and Phytophthora capsici, respectively. Furthermore, ectopic expression of VvBKI1 in Arabidopsis can increase its resistance to downy mildew caused by Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Further experiments revealed that VvBKI1 interacts with a cytoplasmic ascorbate peroxidase, VvAPX1, an ROS-scavenging protein. Transient expression of VvAPX1 in grape and N. benthamiana promoted its resistance against P. viticola, and P. capsici. Moreover, VvAPX1 transgenic Arabidopsis is more resistant to H. arabidopsidis. Furthermore, both VvBKI1 and VvAPX1 transgenic Arabidopsis showed an elevated ascorbate peroxidase activity and enhanced disease resistance. In summary, our findings suggest a positive correlation between APX activity and resistance to oomycetes and that this regulatory network is conserved in V. vinifera, N. benthamiana, and A. thaliana.
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7

Shigemori, Hideyuki, Haruyuki Nakajyo, Yosuke Hisamatsu, Mitsuhiro Sekiguchi, Nobuharu Goto, and Koji Hasegawa. "Arabidopside F, a New Oxylipin from Arabidopsis thaliana." HETEROCYCLES 69, no. 1 (2006): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-06-s(o)33.

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8

Yilmaz, Merve, Merle Paulic, and Thorsten Seidel. "Interactome of Arabidopsis Thaliana." Plants 11, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030350.

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More than 95,000 protein–protein interactions of Arabidopsis thaliana have been published and deposited in databases. This dataset was supplemented by approximately 900 additional interactions, which were identified in the literature from the years 2002–2021. These protein–protein interactions were used as the basis for a Cytoscape network and were supplemented with data on subcellular localization, gene ontologies, biochemical properties and co-expression. The resulting network has been exemplarily applied in unraveling the PPI-network of the plant vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase), which was selected due to its central importance for the plant cell. In particular, it is involved in cellular pH homeostasis, providing proton motive force necessary for transport processes, trafficking of proteins and, thereby, cell wall synthesis. The data points to regulation taking place on multiple levels: (a) a phosphorylation-dependent regulation by 14-3-3 proteins and by kinases such as WNK8 and NDPK1a, (b) an energy-dependent regulation via HXK1 and the glucose receptor RGS1 and (c) a Ca2+-dependent regulation by SOS2 and IDQ6. The known importance of V-ATPase for cell wall synthesis is supported by its interactions with several proteins involved in cell wall synthesis. The resulting network was further analyzed for (experimental) biases and was found to be enriched in nuclear, cytosolic and plasma membrane proteins but depleted in extracellular and mitochondrial proteins, in comparison to the entity of protein-coding genes. Among the processes and functions, proteins involved in transcription were highly abundant in the network. Subnetworks were extracted for organelles, processes and protein families. The degree of representation of organelles and processes reveals limitations and advantages in the current knowledge of protein–protein interactions, which have been mainly caused by a high number of database entries being contributed by only a few publications with highly specific motivations and methodologies that favor, for instance, interactions in the cytosol and the nucleus.
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9

Meng, R., L. Q. Zhu, Y. F. Yang, L. C. Zhu, Z. K. Hou, L. Jin, and B. C. Wang. "Apyrases in Arabidopsis thaliana." Biologia plantarum 63, no. 1 (January 19, 2019): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32615/bp.2019.005.

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10

Louis, Joe, Vijay Singh, and Jyoti Shah. "Arabidopsis thaliana—Aphid Interaction." Arabidopsis Book 10 (January 2012): e0159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1199/tab.0159.

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11

Salomé, Patrice A., and C. Robertson McClung. "The Arabidopsis thaliana Clock." Journal of Biological Rhythms 19, no. 5 (October 2004): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730404268112.

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12

Fujioka, Shozo, Takahiro Noguchi, Takao Yokota, Suguru Takatsuto, and Shigeo Yoshida. "Brassinosteroids in Arabidopsis thaliana." Phytochemistry 48, no. 4 (June 1998): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(98)00065-x.

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13

Lennon, K., and E. Lord. "Pollination in Arabidopsis Thaliana." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 1180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600026027.

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In flowering plants, pollination and the process of fertilization are complex processes involving a series of cell-to-cell communication events. Though details of the progression of the pollen tube through the pistil, beginning with germination of the pollen grain on the stigma and culminating with delivery of the sperm cells to the embryo sac, are well established for several higher plant species, the mechanisms involved have yet to be elucidated. It has been shown that the transmitting tissue, which coincides with the path of pollen tubes in the gynoecium, is composed of highly secretory cells characterized by an extensive extracellular matrix (ECM). The actual roles that this ECM plays in pollination are currently unknown, although functions proposed include mechanical and/or chemotropic pollen tube guidance as well as pollen tube nutrition.
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14

Langridge, J. "Arabidopsis thaliana, a plantDrosophila." BioEssays 16, no. 10 (October 1994): 775–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950161014.

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15

Zhang, Tong, Guilong Zhou, Daphne R. Goring, Xiaomei Liang, Stuart Macgregor, Cheng Dai, Jing Wen, et al. "Generation of Transgenic Self-Incompatible Arabidopsis thaliana Shows a Genus-Specific Preference for Self-Incompatibility Genes." Plants 8, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8120570.

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Brassicaceae species employ both self-compatibility and self-incompatibility systems to regulate post-pollination events. Arabidopsis halleri is strictly self-incompatible, while the closely related Arabidopsis thaliana has transitioned to self-compatibility with the loss of functional S-locus genes during evolution. The downstream signaling protein, ARC1, is also required for the self-incompatibility response in some Arabidopsis and Brassica species, and its gene is deleted in the A. thaliana genome. In this study, we attempted to reconstitute the SCR-SRK-ARC1 signaling pathway to restore self-incompatibility in A. thaliana using genes from A. halleri and B. napus, respectively. Several of the transgenic A. thaliana lines expressing the A. halleri SCR13-SRK13-ARC1 transgenes displayed self-incompatibility, while all the transgenic A. thaliana lines expressing the B. napus SCR1-SRK1-ARC1 transgenes failed to show any self-pollen rejection. Furthermore, our results showed that the intensity of the self-incompatibility response in transgenic A. thaliana plants was not associated with the expression levels of the transgenes. Thus, this suggests that there are differences between the Arabidopsis and Brassica self-incompatibility signaling pathways, which perhaps points to the existence of other factors downstream of B. napus SRK that are absent in Arabidopsis species.
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16

Cooper, A. J., A. O. Latunde-Dada, A. Woods-Tör, J. Lynn, J. A. Lucas, I. R. Crute, and E. B. Holub. "Basic Compatibility of Albugo candida in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica juncea Causes Broad-Spectrum Suppression of Innate Immunity." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 21, no. 6 (June 2008): 745–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-21-6-0745.

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A biotrophic parasite often depends on an intrinsic ability to suppress host defenses in a manner that will enable it to infect and successfully colonize a susceptible host. If the suppressed defenses otherwise would have been effective against alternative pathogens, it follows that primary infection by the “suppressive” biotroph potentially could enhance susceptibility of the host to secondary infection by avirulent pathogens. This phenomenon previously has been attributed to true fungi such as rust (basidiomycete) and powdery mildew (ascomycete) pathogens. In our study, we observed broad-spectrum suppression of host defense by the oomycete Albugo candida (white blister rust) in the wild crucifer Arabidopsis thaliana and a domesticated relative, Brassica juncea. A. candida subsp. arabidopsis suppressed the “runaway cell death” phenotype of the lesion mimic mutant lsd1 in Arabidopsis thaliana in a sustained manner even after subsequent inoculation with avirulent Hyaloperonospora arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana downy mildew). In sequential inoculation experiments, we show that preinfection by virulent Albugo candida can suppress disease resistance in cotyledons to several downy mildew pathogens, including contrasting examples of genotype resistance to H. arabidopsis in Arabidopsis thaliana that differ in the R protein and modes of defense signaling used to confer the resistance; genotype specific resistance in B. juncea to H. parasitica (Brassica downy mildew; isolates derived from B. juncea); species level (nonhost) resistance in both crucifers to Bremia lactucae (lettuce downy mildew) and an isolate of the H. parasitica race derived from Brassica oleracea; and nonhost resistance in B. juncea to H. arabidopsis. Broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance conferred by RPW8 also was suppressed in Arabidopsis thaliana to two morphotypes of Erysiphe spp. following pre-infection with A. candida subsp. arabidopsis.
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17

Beaulieu, Julien, Martine Jean, and François Belzile. "Linkage maps for Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. lyrata and Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. petraea combining anonymous and Arabidopsis thaliana–derived markers." Genome 50, no. 2 (February 2007): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g06-144.

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Arabidopsis lyrata, a close relative of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, is 1 of a few plant species for which the genome is to be entirely sequenced, which promises to yield important insights into genome evolution. Only 2 sparse linkage maps have been published, and these were based solely on markers derived from the A. thaliana genome. Because the genome of A. lyrata is practically twice as large as that of A. thaliana, the extent of map coverage of the A. lyrata genome remains uncertain. In this study, a 2-way pseudo-testcross strategy was used to construct genetic linkage maps of A. lyrata subsp. petraea and A. lyrata subsp. lyrata, using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers from the A. thaliana genome, and anonymous amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers that could potentially uncover regions unique to the A. lyrata genome. The SSR and CAPS markers largely confirmed the relationships between linkage groups in A. lyrata and A. thaliana. AFLP markers slightly increased the coverage of the A. lyrata maps, but mostly increased marker density on the linkage groups. We noted a much lower level of polymorphism and a greater segregation distortion in A. lyrata subsp. lyrata markers. The implications of these findings for the sequencing of the A. lyrata genome are discussed.
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18

Wang, Shenmeng, Ruoning Wang, and Chengjun Yang. "Selection and functional identification of Dof genes expressed in response to nitrogen in Populus simonii × Populus nigra." Open Life Sciences 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 756–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2022-0084.

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Abstract In plants, Dof transcription factors are involved in regulating the expression of a series of genes related to N uptake and utilization. Therefore, the present study investigated how DNA-binding with one finger (Dof) genes are expressed in response to nitrogen (N) form and concentration to clarify the role of Dof genes and their functions in promoting N assimilation and utilization in poplar. The basic characteristics and expression patterns of Dof genes in poplar were analyzed by the use of bioinformatics methods. Dof genes expressed in response to N were screened, after which the related genes were cloned and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana; the physiological indexes and the expression of related genes were subsequently determined. The function of Dof genes was then verified in Arabidopsis thaliana plants grown in the presence of different N forms and concentrations. Forty-four Dof genes were identified, most of which were expressed in the roots and young leaves, and some of the Dof genes were expressed under ammonia- and nitrate-N treatments. Three genes related to N induction were cloned, their proteins were found to localize in the nucleus, and PnDof30 was successfully transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana for functional verification. On comparing Arabidopsis thaliana with WT Arabidopsis thaliana plants, Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing the Dof gene grew better under low N levels; the contents of soluble proteins and chlorophyll significantly increased, while the soluble sugar content significantly decreased. The expressions of several AMT, NRT, and GS genes were upregulated, while the expressions of several others were downregulated, and the expression of PEPC and PK genes significantly increased. In addition, the activity of PEPC, PK, GS, and NR enzymes significantly increased. The results showed that overexpression of PnDof30 significantly increased the level of carbon and N metabolism and improved the growth of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants under low-N conditions. The study revealed the biological significance of poplar Dof transcription factors in N response and regulation of related downstream gene expression and provided some meaningful clues to explain the huge difference between poplar and Arabidopsis thaliana transformed by exogenous Dof gene, which could promote the comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism of efficient N uptake and utilization in trees.
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19

Filin, A. "CELL ANALISIS OF ROOT GROWTH OF SOME ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA MUTANTS." Bulletin of the Moskow State Regional University, no. 4 (2015): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-7189-2015-4-37-45.

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20

Yuan, Jiazheng, Michelle Zhu, Khalid Meksem, Matt Geisler, Patrick Hart, and David A. Lightfoot. "Transcript Abundance Responses of Resistance Pathways of Arabidopsis thaliana to Deoxynivalenol." Atlas Journal of Biology 2, no. 3 (May 25, 2017): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5147/ajb.v2i3.26.

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Mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch (teleomorph of Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) was known to be both a virulence factor in the pathogenesis of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) and an inhibitor of Arabidopsis thaliana L. seed germination. Fusarium graminearum causes both Gibberella ear rot in maize (Zea mays L.) and Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and barley. Arabidopsis thaliana was also a host for the related root rot pathogen F. virguliforme Aoki. A. thaliana seedling growth was reduced by the pathogen in a proportional response to increasing spore concentrations. Here, the changes in transcript abundances corresponding to 10,560 A. thaliana expressed sequence tags (ESTs) was compared with changes in 192 known plant defense and biotic/abiotic stress related genes in soybean roots after infestation with F. virguliforme. A parallel comparison with a set of resistance pathways involved in response to the DON toxicity in A. thaliana was performed. A. thaliana data was obtained from the AFGC depository. The variations of transcript abundances in Arabidopsis and soybean treated with pathogen suggest that both plants respond to the pathogen mainly by common, possibly global responses with some specific secondary metabolic pathways involved in defense. In contrast, DON toxin appeared to impact central metabolisms in Arabidopsis plants with significant alterations ranging from the protein metabolism to redox production. Several new putative resistance pathways involved in responding to both pathogen and DON infestation in soybean and A. thaliana were identified.
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21

Rudenko, S. S., and T. V. Morozovа. "Thigmomorphogenesis Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. and it's importance of indication." Science and Education a New Dimension VI(186), no. 22 (December 20, 2018): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31174/send-nt2018-186vi22-03.

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22

Parkin, I. AP, D. J. Lydiate, and M. Trick. "Assessing the level of collinearity between Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus for A. thaliana chromosome 5." Genome 45, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g01-160.

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This study describes a comprehensive comparison of chromosome 5 of the model crucifer Arabidopsis with the genome of its amphidiploid crop relative Brassica napus and introduces the use of in silico sequence homology to identify conserved loci between the two species. A region of chromosome 5, spanning 8 Mb, was found in six highly conserved copies in the B. napus genome. A single inversion appeared to be the predominant rearrangement that had separated the two lineages leading to the formation of Arabidopsis chromosome 5 and its homologues in B. napus. The observed results could be explained by the fusion of three ancestral genomes with strong similarities to modern-day Arabidopsis to generate the constituent diploid genomes of B. napus. This supports the hypothesis that the diploid Brassica genomes evolved from a common hexaploid ancestor. Alignment of the genetic linkage map of B. napus with the genomic sequence of Arabidopsis indicated that for specific regions a genetic distance of 1 cM in B. napus was equivalent to 285 Kb of Arabidopsis DNA sequence. This analysis strongly supports the application of Arabidopsis as a tool in marker development, map-based gene cloning, and candidate gene identification for the larger genomes of Brassica crop species.Key Words: comparative mapping, Brassica species, model crucifer, genome evolution, genome duplication.
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23

Buzduha, I., T. Zavorotna, and I. Panchuk. "Total reducing capacity of Arabidopsis thaliana upon salt stress." Biolohichni systemy 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/biosystems2016.02.159.

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24

NAITO, SATOSHI. "Arabidopsis thaliana for Biochemical Genetics." RADIOISOTOPES 44, no. 8 (1995): 595–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.44.8_595.

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25

Pan, X. "ATIDB: Arabidopsis thaliana insertion database." Nucleic Acids Research 31, no. 4 (February 15, 2003): 1245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkg222.

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26

Lysak, Martin A., Paul F. Fransz, Hoda B. M. Ali, and Ingo Schubert. "Chromosome painting in Arabidopsis thaliana." Plant Journal 28, no. 6 (January 11, 2002): 689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01194.x.

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27

Sutherland, Oliver. "Arabidopsis Thaliana Flammeus (ATF14), 2014." Philosophy of Photography 7, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/pop.7.1-2.161_7.

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MILLAR, ANDREW J. "Biological clocks in Arabidopsis thaliana." New Phytologist 141, no. 2 (February 1999): 175–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00349.x.

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O'Malley, R. C., and J. R. Ecker. "Epiallelic Variation in Arabidopsis thaliana." Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 77 (January 1, 2012): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/sqb.2012.77.014571.

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30

Strasser, B., M. Sanchez-Lamas, M. J. Yanovsky, J. J. Casal, and P. D. Cerdan. "Arabidopsis thaliana life without phytochromes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 10 (February 22, 2010): 4776–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0910446107.

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31

Galbraith, David W., Kristi R. Harkins, and Steven Knapp. "Systemic Endopolyploidy in Arabidopsis thaliana." Plant Physiology 96, no. 3 (July 1, 1991): 985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.96.3.985.

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32

Lev-Yadun, Simcha. "Arabidopsis thaliana—a new crop?" Nature Biotechnology 19, no. 2 (February 2001): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/84482.

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33

SHIBATA, Daisuke. "Functional Genomics of Arabidopsis thaliana." Kagaku To Seibutsu 37, no. 4 (1999): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.37.227.

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34

Chytilova, Eva, Jiri Macas, Elwira Sliwinska, Susanne M. Rafelski, Georgina M. Lambert, and David W. Galbraith. "Nuclear Dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana." Molecular Biology of the Cell 11, no. 8 (August 2000): 2733–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.11.8.2733.

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The nucleus is a definitive feature of eukaryotic cells, comprising twin bilamellar membranes, the inner and outer nuclear membranes, which separate the nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic compartments. Nuclear pores, complex macromolecular assemblies that connect the two membranes, mediate communication between these compartments. To explore the morphology, topology, and dynamics of nuclei within living plant cells, we have developed a novel method of confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy under time-lapse conditions. This is used for the examination of the transgenic expression in Arabidopsis thaliana of a chimeric protein, comprising the GFP (Green-Fluorescent Protein of Aequorea victoria) translationally fused to an effective nuclear localization signal (NLS) and to β-glucuronidase (GUS) from E. coli. This large protein is targeted to the nucleus and accumulates exclusively within the nucleoplasm. This article provides online access to movies that illustrate the remarkable and unusual properties displayed by the nuclei, including polymorphic shape changes and rapid, long-distance, intracellular movement. Movement is mediated by actin but not by tubulin; it therefore appears distinct from mechanisms of nuclear positioning and migration that have been reported for eukaryotes. The GFP-based assay is simple and of general applicability. It will be interesting to establish whether the novel type of dynamic behavior reported here, for higher plants, is observed in other eukaryotic organisms.
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35

Gilmour, Sarah J., Ravindra K. Hajela, and Michael F. Thomashow. "Cold Acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana." Plant Physiology 87, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.87.3.745.

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36

Goodman, H. M., J. R. Ecker, and C. Dean. "The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 92, no. 24 (November 21, 1995): 10831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.24.10831.

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37

Waszczak, C., S. Akter, D. Eeckhout, G. Persiau, K. Wahni, N. Bodra, I. Van Molle, et al. "Sulfenome mining in Arabidopsis thaliana." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 31 (July 21, 2014): 11545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1411607111.

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38

Delseny, Michel, Richard Cooke, Pascale Comella, Hui-Ju Wu, Monique Raynal, and Françoise Grellet. "The Arabidopsis thaliana genome project." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie 320, no. 8 (August 1997): 589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0764-4469(97)85691-0.

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39

Schuster, J., and W. Engelmann. "Circumnutations of Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings." Biological Rhythm Research 28, no. 4 (November 1997): 422–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/brhm.28.4.422.13117.

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40

Vongs, A., T. Kakutani, R. Martienssen, and E. Richards. "Arabidopsis thaliana DNA methylation mutants." Science 260, no. 5116 (June 25, 1993): 1926–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8316832.

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41

Van Lijsebettens, M., B. den Boer, J. P. Hernalsteens, and M. Van Montagu. "Insertional mutagenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana." Plant Science 80, no. 1-2 (January 1991): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(91)90270-i.

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42

Deem, Angela K., Rebecca L. Bultema, and Dring N. Crowell. "Prenylcysteine methylesterase in Arabidopsis thaliana." Gene 380, no. 2 (October 2006): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2006.05.023.

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43

Clare, A., A. Karwath, H. Ougham, and R. D. King. "Functional bioinformatics for Arabidopsis thaliana." Bioinformatics 22, no. 9 (February 15, 2006): 1130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl051.

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44

Clare, A., A. Karwath, H. Ougham, and R. D. King. "Functional bioinformatics for Arabidopsis thaliana." Bioinformatics 22, no. 13 (June 26, 2006): 1674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl169.

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45

Choudhury, A., and A. Lahiri. "Arabidopsis thaliana regulatory element analyzer." Bioinformatics 24, no. 19 (August 11, 2008): 2263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btn417.

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46

Ma, Wen-Hui, and Lu-Ping Qin. "Chemical Constituents of Arabidopsis thaliana." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 50, no. 4 (September 10, 2014): 776–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-014-1083-9.

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47

Dyson, Beth C., Kleovoulos Athanasiou, Rachel E. Webster, and Giles N. Johnson. "Dynamic acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 153, no. 2 (June 2009): S212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.04.588.

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48

Sikdar, S. R., G. Serino, S. Chaudhuri, and Pal Maliga. "Plastid transformation in Arabidopsis thaliana." Plant Cell Reports 18, no. 1-2 (November 1998): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050525.

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49

Rao, Sheetal, Scott Finlayson, Chuanjiu He, Ronald Lacey, Raymond Wheeler, and Fred T. Davies. "Biosynthesis Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1059B—1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1059b.

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Abstract:
The NASA Advanced Life Support (ALS) System for space habitation will likely operate under reduced atmospheric pressure (hypobaria). There are engineering, safety, and plant growth advantages in growing crops under low pressure. In closed production environments, such as ALS, excessive plant-generated ethylene may negatively impact plant growth. Growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in the Low Pressure Plant Growth (LPPG) system was enhanced under low pressure (25kPa), due in part to decreased ethylene production. Under reduced pO2, ethylene production decreased under low as well as ambient conditions (He et al., 2003). During hypobaria, the expression of genes encoding ethylene biosynthesis enzymes, namely ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO), is not known. The primary objective of this research was to characterize the expression of ACS and ACO genes in response to hypobaria. Three-week-old Arabidopsis was used to determine the effects of hypobaria (25 kPa) and reduced O2 (12 kPa pO2) at the molecular level. Candidate gene expression was tested using quantitative real-time PCR at different times after treatment. Under low pressure, ACO1 expression is induced in the initial 12 hours of treatment, gradually decreasing with increased exposure. At 12 kPa pO2, ACO1 was induced under ambient conditions, suggesting that plants under low pressure may be more tolerant to hypoxic stress. The mechanism for enhanced growth of lettuce under hypobaric conditions will be studied further by analysis of the ACS and ACO gene families, and stress-responsive genes, namely late-embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins and dehydrins.
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50

Le, Q. H., S. Wright, Z. Yu, and T. Bureau. "Transposon diversity in Arabidopsis thaliana." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97, no. 13 (June 20, 2000): 7376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.13.7376.

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