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Academic literature on the topic 'Arabidopsis thaliana – croissance et développement'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Arabidopsis thaliana – croissance et développement"
Thazar-Poulot, Nelcy. "Rôle du rétromère dans le développement des graines et la croissance des jeunes plantules chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENSL0646.
Full textIn eukaryotes, the retromer is a complex composed of the SNX (Sorting Nexin) subcomplex and the VPS (Vacuolar Protein Sorting) subcomplex also called the core retromer. To date, the retromer is described as a key regulator of proteins trafficking around endosomal compartment. In Arabidopsis thaliana, our group has previously demonstrated that this complex is involved in several developmental pathways, as embryo development, seed storage protein maturation and lateral root emergence. In this work, we characterised the function of the retromer in seeds and seedling development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Firstly, we found that VPS29 is required for the formation of seeds storage lipid. We identified a new cargo of this complex; Lipid Transfer Protein 6 (LTP6). LTP6 lost of function induces similar phenotype than vps29 linked to lipid metabolism. Based on LTP6 localisation on an intracellular structure characteristic of endoplasmic reticulum, the site of OBs formation, we supposed that the retromer may act on oil bodies biogenesis by its function on LTP6 trafficking. Secondly, we demonstrated that the core retromer have a SNX-independent function in lipid reserves breakdown, which is essential for seedling establishment. We showed that VPS29 is required for translocation of the triacylglycerol lipase SDP1 (Sugar-Dependent-1) from the peroxisome to oil bodies, the lipid storage compartment. Altogether, these results allowed us to propose new intracellular route trafficking for VPS sub-complex between compartments other than the endosome
Martins, Laura. "La glutarédoxine GRXS17, une chaperonne redox-dépendante impliquée dans le développement des racines et dans la thermotolérance chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0044.
Full textAdaption of plants to heat stress is crucial for their survival and involves dedicated response such as chaperones proteins induction and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutaredoxins (GRX), a family of thiol redox proteins, play an important role in redox regulation and response to oxidative stress. The focus of our studies is on GRXS17 which is a multi-subunit iron-sulfur glutaredoxin. Despite the severe developmental phenotype of the grxs17 mutant at normal and elevated temperatures, relatively little is known about the biochemical functions and precise intracellular roles of GRXS17. I show during my thesis that GRXS17 function as a foldase and holdase redox-dependent chaperone. Oxidative and heat stress exposure cause a shift from a dimeric form to high MW complexes which is concordant with a holdase activity. I show that GRXS17 is required for the tolerance to moderated heatstress in a Cys-dependent manner. Transcriptomic, metabolomic and proteomic approaches show heat stress response delayed in grxs17, key-metabolites defects and allowed to identifynew potential GRXS17-interactor under heat stress conditions, supporting a potential protecting function of GRXS17 against stress damage
Bafoil, Maxime. "Stimulation de la germination des graines et de la croissance des plantes par plasmas froids à la pression atmosphérique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30208.
Full textThis work is part of the convergence of the fields of plasma physics and plant biology. The objective of this thesis is to contribute answers to the mechanisms involved in the effects of cold plasmas at atmospheric pressure on the germination and development of plants. The plant model in plant biology Arabidopsis thaliana is used; by considering the reference genotype Col-0 and several of its mutants (gl2 and gpat5) in order to better highlight the effect of plasma, in particular on osmotic and saline stresses. For the direct treatment of seeds to promote germination, air plasmas are used. Indirect treatment for growth stimulation uses plasma-activated water (PAW) thanks to helium plasma jets. The results show a positive effect of the plasma treatment of air generated by a dielectric barrier discharge device on a floating electrode (FE-DBD) and also a corona device in ambient air. These direct treatments allow an increase in the germination rate but above all an increase in the speed of germination. Analysis of the seed permeability revealed a change in the seed surface due to a physical effect of the plasma on the surface. Analysis of the surface residues shows a change in lipid composition. This being strongly correlated with germination; these results allow the identification of an understanding track of the effects of plasmas on the germination of seeds. In a second part, the indirect treatment of plants with PAW has the effect of increasing the growth rate. The plasma creating a certain number of reactive species of oxygen and nitrogen (in particular nitrates and nitrites) acts as a fertilizer stimulating the growth of plants
Lievre, Maryline. "Analyse multi-échelles et modélisation de la croissance foliaire chez Arabidopsis thaliana : mise au point et test d’un pipeline d’analyses permettant une analyse intégrée du développement de la cellule à la pousse entière." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0051/document.
Full textThis study is based on the observation of a lack of methods enabling the integrated analysis of the processes controlling the vegetative development in Arabidopsis thaliana during multi-scale phenotypic studies. A preliminary leaf growth phenotyping of 91 genotypes enabled to select 3 mutants and different variables of interest for a more in depth analysis of the shoot development.We developed a pipeline of analysis methods combining image analysis techniques and statistical models to integrate the measurements made at the leaf and shoot scales. Semi-Markov switching models were built for each genotype, allowing a more thorough characterization of the studied mutants. These models validated the hypothesis that the rosette can be structured into successive developmental phases that could change depending on the genotype. They also highlighted the structuring role of the ‘abaxial trichomes' variable, although the developmental phases cannot be explained entirely by this trait. We developed a second pipeline of analysis methods combining a semi-automatic method for segmenting leaf epidermis images, and the analysis of the obtained cell areas using a gamma mixture model whose parameters of gamma components are tied by a scaling rule. This model allowed us to estimate the mean number of endocycles. We highlighted that this mean number of endocycles was function of the leaf rank.The multi-scale pipeline of analysis methods that we developed and tested during this PhD should be sufficiently generic to be applied to other plant species in various environmental conditions
Ksiaa, Mariem. "Étude de l’effet du silicium chez Hordeum marinum sous déficiences nutritionnelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/NNT.pdf.
Full textSilicon (Si) is a ubiquitous element; it is considered to be the second most abundant element in the lithosphere after oxygen. It is not considered as an essential element for plants. However, the addition of Si in crops under abiotic stress gives them a better tolerance to stress. The first objective of this work was to study the effect of Si in Hordeum marinum, a plant species known to accumulate Si, under iron deficiency. This Poaceae species is of interest for livestock fodder and valorization of marginal zones. Our results indicate that growth parameters, water status, photosynthetic gas exchange, photosynthetic pigment contents, chlorophyll fluorescence and iron accumulation are improved by Si treatment when plants are grown under iron deficiency. We also investigated the effect of seed priming with Si in H. marinum seeds as an inexpensive and easy method to alleviate the effect of stress. Our results showed that germination rate, growth parameters, membrane integrity, activities of antioxidant enzymes and soluble sugar content are all improved by Si pre-treatment in plants growing under iron deficiency. The last objective of this work aimed to understand the behavior of Arabidopsis thaliana, a non-accumulating Si species, in response to stress. Interestingly, our results show that silicon acts positively on germination, development and antioxidant stress in A. thaliana, possibly through a modulation of proline metabolism
Puga, Freitas Ruben. "Effet du ver de terre Aporrectodea caliginosa sur la croissance des plantes, leur développement et leur résistance aux pathogènes : réponse physiologique et moléculaire de la plante à l'émission de molécules-signal." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1158/document.
Full textPlants develop and evolve in interaction with soil organisms. The impact of earthworms, likely positive, has been attributed to modifications of physical, chemical or biochemical soil properties, without rigorous demonstration. In this work, techniques developed in plant science (in vitro culture, use of mutant plants and trancriptomic analysis) were used to understand the mechanism involved in the effect of earthworms on plants. Our results bring new fundamental knowledge: (1) production of signal-molecules within earthworm dejections has a positive impact on the growth of Oryza sativa and Lolium perenne. (2) These molecules act on auxin signaling, as suggested by the positive impact of the earthworm on the growth of A. thaliana double mutant aux1-7;axr4-2. (3) The abundance of these signal-molecules in presence of the earthworms could be related to the stimulation of bacterial communities able to produce auxin. (4) Earthworms induce an accumulation of gene transcripts known to be under control of jasmonic acid and ethylene. These two hormones are most notably involved in the defense mechanism called induced systemic resistance (ISR), known to be induced by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Finally, (5) Take-all disease, due to a pathogenic fungus, induced in wheat (Triticum aestivum) a hypersensitive response and a modification on hormone signaling, which are known as manipulations of plant metabolism in a way that facilitates pathogen infection. The severity of take-all disease was alleviated in the presence of earthworms. Synthesis of these results showed that earthworms, like other soil organisms, modify the hormone balance in the plant. Hormone homeostasis appeared to be an important element to predict the issue of the multiple interactions that plants established with soil organisms
Denay, Grégoire. "Rôles des voies régulées par LEAFY dans l'initiation et la régulation du méristème floral." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV045/document.
Full textPlants have the capacity to continuously produce organs throughout their life because they maintain stem cells containing structures called meristems. The formation of flowers is an essential step of the plant’s life-cycle. In order to ensure flower development, a new meristem must be formed within the young flower bud. Various data across the literature indicate that the transcription factor LEAFY is involved flower meristem formation in addition to its role as a master regulator of flower identity.In the first part of this work we explore the role of LEAFY in the initiation of flower meristem. This study focuses on a LEAFY target gene, the transcription factor REGULATOR OF AXILLARY MERISTEMS1 (RAX1). We show that the LEAFY/RAX1 pathway acts in parallel of the transcription factor REVOLUTA to allow flower meristem formation.In the second part of this work we study the properties of the N-terminal domain of LEAFY. This domain mediates LEAFY oligomerization and potentially its binding to closed chromatin regions. We also study in a more prospective manner the role of this domain in the transcriptional regulation of AGAMOUS, an important regulator of flower development
Aubert, Yann. "Rôles de deux protéines à EF-Hand dans les réponses au stress hydrique et à l'acide abscissique : analyse fonctionnelle de RD20, une caléosine et de CML9, une forme divergente de calmoduline." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1327/.
Full textLike all living organisms, plants are subjected to constant changes in their environment. To ensure their continued growth and development under these conditions, plants activate networks signaling complexes involving hormones and second messengers including abscisic acid and calcium that allow the establishment of adaptive responses. The present work aims to study two proteins calcium-binding EF-hand motif in Arabidopsis: RD20, a caleosin and CML9, a divergent form of calmodulin. These two genes, rapidly and transiently induced by water stress and ABA were analyzed using functional reverse genetics. Much of this work has been devoted to RD20, a stress-specific caleosin and to the investigation of its role in plant responses to water stress. The RD20 gene expression is limited to shoot and a strong expression occurred in the stomata. The use of a knockout mutant line and over-expressing transgenic lines showed that RD20 is involved in the regulation of growth, development and tolerance to water stress conditions through an alteration of stomatal movements in an ABA-dependent manner. Furthermore, RD20 exhibits all features required for a peroxygenase suggesting that RD20 contributes to lipid signaling via the generation of oxylipin-like compounds and / or the development or modification of the cuticle. Finally, the contribution of CML9, a calmodulin-like protein in the regulation of stomatal movements is presented. Although cml9 mutant lines exhibit increased tolerance to water stress, it was shown that CML9 is not a key player in regulating stomatal movements
Aubry, Emilia. "Rôle des transporteurs SWEET dans le développement du système vasculaire d'Arabidopsis thaliana, la croissance et l'adaptation de la plante à son environnement." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS583.
Full textArabidopsis thaliana’s floral stem is composed of axillary stems, cauline leaves, flowers and siliques and represents 60% of the plant biomass, thanks to the secondary cell wall in the xylem conductive cells. During the secondary cell wall formation, an important amount of sugars is needed. However, the mechanisms by which sugars are transported to their site of use are far from being understood. Previous work suggested that SWEET11 and SWEET12, members of the SWEET family (Sugar Will Eventually Be Exported Transporters) could achieve this task. Moreover, SWEET16 and SWEET17 that are tonoplastic transporters located in the xylem cells could also be good candidates. To further understand the role of the SWEET in the development, the growth and the physiology of the plant, I analyzed simple, double, triple and quadruple mutant lines of SWEET11, SWEET12, SWEET16 and/or SWEET17. First, their expression patterns were mapped spatially and temporally. Furthermore, using growth parameters kinetics and metabolomics approach, our results suggest that SWEET11 and SWEET12 play a key role in the C/N balance especially around the floral stem emergence and by enhancing the nitrogen remobilization to the seeds. Moreover, analysis of their expression pattern, a segmentation-based approach and vibrational spectroscopy analysis of the mutant lines allow to suggest that SWEETs transporters play a key role in vessel and/or fiber development. Indeed, SWEET16 might act during cell division and cell enlargement whereas SWEET17 has been shown to act on the secondary cell wall formation and reinforcement. Finally, the behavior of the mutant lines was assessed under different abiotic stress conditions (drought, cold and freezing temperatures) by using metabolomic analysis or histological studies. Our results show that even if the mutant lines are more tolerant to freezing and cold stress, they are not more resistant to drought. Overall, this work suggests specific and complementary roles of these SWEETs during plant growth, development and physiology. It highlights also the importance of the sugar transport between vacuole and cytosol role during cell elongation and the importance of neighboring living cells during the cell wall reinforcement
Puga, Freitas Ruben, and Freitas Ruben Puga. "Effet du ver de terre Aporrectodea caliginosa sur la croissance des plantes, leur développement et leur résistance aux pathogènes : réponse physiologique et moléculaire de la plante à l'émission de molécules-signal." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804633.
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