Academic literature on the topic 'Arabic Geodesy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Arabic Geodesy"
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MOUTHEREAU, F. "Timing of uplift in the Zagros belt/Iranian plateau and accommodation of late Cenozoic Arabia–Eurasia convergence." Geological Magazine 148, no. 5-6 (April 18, 2011): 726–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756811000306.
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AbstractThe motion of Arabia was stable with respect to Eurasia over the past 22 Ma. Deformation and exhumation in the Zagros is seen to initiate at the same time as argued by new detrital thermochronologic constraints and increasing accumulation rates in synorogenic sediments. A recent magnetostratigraphic dating of the Bakhtyari conglomerates in the northern Fars region of the Zagros further suggests that shortening and uplift in the Zagros Folded Belt accelerated after 12.4 Ma. Available temporal constraints from surrounding collision belts indicate that shortening and uplift focused in regions bordering the Iranian plateau to the south between 15 and 5 Ma. As boundary velocity was kept constant this requires concomitant decreasing strain rates in the Iranian plateau. Slab detachment has been proposed to explain the observed changes as well as mantle delamination, but the insignificant change in the Arabian slab motion and lack of unambiguous constraints make both hypotheses difficult to account for. It is proposed based on a review of shortening estimates provided throughout the Arabia–Eurasia collision that the total 440 km of convergence predicted by geodesy and plate reconstruction over the past 22 Ma can be accounted for by distributed shortening. I suggest that the topography and expansion of the Iranian plateau over Late Miocene–Pliocene time can be reproduced by the progressive thickening of the originally thin Iranian continental lithosphere presumably thermally weakened during the Eocene extensional and magmatic event.
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Rahmani, M., V. Nafisi, J. Asgari, and A. Nadimi. "CRUSTAL DEFORMATION IN NW IRAN: INSIGHTS FROM DIFFERENT INVARIANT AND VARIANT COMPONENTS OF GEODETIC STRAIN RATE TENSORS." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-4/W1-2022 (January 14, 2023): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-4-w1-2022-631-2023.
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Abstract. Northwest of Iran, as a tectonically active region, has experienced numerous devastating earthquakes. That is why it is so important to study the earth deformation in this area and to provide more precise insights. So far, most researchers have had the preference of using the invariant component of strain rate tensor for investigating the Earth's shape deformation in the region. However, to examine the efficiency of the variant components of the geodesic strain rate tensor in interpreting deformations of north-western Iran, we have in this article maps of variant components of the geodetic strain rate tensor (normal strain rate along north and eastbound). Using the velocity field gathered from a previous article, and also using a simple and straightforward method, the strain rate tensors were calculated. The obtained contraction along the north direction (from the normal strain along this axis) confirms the Eurasia-Arabia collision. Besides, the obtained extension along the east direction and the derived expansion of the dilatation, show the effect of Anatolian motion to the west and eastward movement of the central Iran plateau on the tectonic structure of the studied area. These two results showed that the variant component of strain rate tensor also provides us with useful information about a region shape deformation.
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Tranos, Markos D., and Mutasim S. Osman. "Rus detachment in Dammam Dome, Eastern Saudi Arabia: a new soft-sediment structure as a ‘sensitive stress sensor’ for the Zagros collision." Geological Magazine, December 3, 2021, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756821001217.
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Abstract This paper describes in detail hydroplastic structures, which are ‘odd’ kinematic indicators in the basal part of the Eocene Middle Rus Formation. Such structures were previously ignored or falsely interpreted. These hydroplastic structures are found in the massive limestone exposures on the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) campus. They occur in relation to a principal displacement zone along the boundary/interface between the Lower/Middle Rus, which is referred to as the Rus soft-sediment detachment. The structures are fist-sized vugs associated with carrot- or comet-trail imprints (VCT structures) which were previously translated calcite geodes that have been weathered out. VCT structures show transport/slip towards the NNW (345°) and are found on flat to low-dipping surfaces classified as Y, R and P shears with respect to the orientation of the Rus detachment. Palaeostress analysis indicates an Andersonian transtension stress regime, though it does not facilitate the activation of the Rus soft-sediment detachment. Detachment activity occurred due to the negative effective principal stress σ3′ and the abnormally low frictional coefficient caused by fluid pressure. The soft-sediment Rus detachment can be considered a ‘sensitive stress sensor’ for the Zagros collision since it indicates the Arabian platform’s instability in the wider area of the Dammam Dome during the Late Eocene. This instability is attributed to the inception of the Zagros collision, which was previously considered to occur during the Oligocene based on the well-established pre-Neogene unconformity.
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"3D Modelling of Earth Kinematics in Palestine for GNSS and Geodetic Time-Dependent Positioning." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 6034–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.c5577.098319.
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The use of GNSS technologies for precise point positioning enabled the calculations for single-point observations or relative positioning of long baselines. The GNSS absolute and relative positioning techniques can be implemented between points within different tectonic plates, while the classical surveying methods start from local reference/triangulation points to near points within a few kilometers. The definition of the kinematic models of the earth has become an important role in GNSS measurements techniques and networks adjustment methods based on international terrestrial reference frames (ITRF), where the reference points can be located in different continents and tectonic plates. Thus, the position calculations in the ITRF systems are time-dependent. To satisfy the requirements of land and cadastral surveying, the bidirectional transformation between classical geodetic networks and GNSS global, regional and local networks is nowadays a primary requirement in modern geodesy. While the classical networks were defined locally assuming a static earth system, the ITRF coordinates by GNSS techniques are defined globally and directly affected by earth kinematics including plate tectonics and local crustal movements. However, Palestine has a special kinematic situation because it is located at the border between two plates; Nubia/Sinai plate and the Arabia plate along the Jordan valley line. Thus, the result is unsteady surface kinematics all over the country, which has a longitudinal shape parallel to the Jordan valley rift. Using the IGS/EUREF stations and GNSS stations data that are freely available on the internet, varying positional velocities were calculated in both magnitude and direction using years of daily available GNSS raw observations. The GNSS precise observation techniques have proven that the points of the classical networks were subjected to a kinematic situation over the years. Therefore, the Palestinian geodetic network has to be revised for kinematic effects for the integration with the modern GNSS positioning. In this work, the effect of surface movements is included in the calculations between the different ITRF coordinate systems and the classical geodetic network of Palestine. To achieve the required transformations between ITRF and the classical network, a velocities model was established and tested utilizing GIS raster interpolation. The accuracy of the modeled velocities could support 1cm in static or real-time GNSS positioning. This made it possible for the integration between geodetic measurements between different time epochs.
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Abdelrahman, Kamal, Abdullah B. Saadon, and Saleh Qaysi. "Estimating shear wave velocity and site characterization of western Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia based on multichannel analysis of surface waves." Frontiers in Earth Science 12 (May 30, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1395431.
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The site characterization process is vital for the engineering structures and earthworks. In the current study, a Multi-Channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) was carried out in western Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. This aimed to determine subsurface geology, material stiffness, and potential weak zones approximately down to a depth of 30 m, and to propose the suitable seismic site characterization for precise foundation design. A total of 30 MASW lines were executed utilizing the Geode digital seismograph equipped with a 24-geophone array of 4.5 Hz. The data acquisition, processing, and inversion were meticulously calibrated to derive shear velocities representing subsurface geological conditions. The Vs30 map, based on estimated values ranging from 443.71 m/s to 639.78 m/s for soil, was prepared for the area. The results of the 1D and 2D Vs profiles tinted small Vs values at shallow depths. The resulting geological model is composed of sand, gravel, moderately weathered limestone, and hard limestone sequence. Analysis of shear wave velocities shows variations, indicating low shear velocity (representing sediments or rocks of low stiffness) juxtaposed with higher velocity layers (indicating rocks of higher stiffness) at depths greater than 10 m. This could imply the presence of a cavity or weak zone. The topmost shear wave velocity zone indicated materials with low Vs values (ranging from 180 m/s to 360 m/s), predominantly associated with stiff materials such as silty sand, gravel, and sandy deposits. The subsequent zone, with 3 to about 10 m depth, was characterized by medium to very dense soil with shear wave velocity values ranging from 360 m/s to 760 m/s, attributed to layers of silty clay and silty sand. At approximately 12 m, a high shear velocity layer (ranging from 760 m/s to 1,500 m/s) was identified, extending to a maximum depth of 22 m, potentially indicative of less weathered or fractured bedrock associated with limestone. While the deepest layer, with very high shear velocity (exceeding 1,500 m/s) beyond 22 m, indicated bedrock associated with hard limestone. The average Shear-wave velocity of soil for the whole study area (Vs30 = 551.2 m/s) suggests that the site can be classified as Class C (Very Dense Soil and Soft Rock) according to the National Earthquake Hazard Reeducation Program NEHRP (National earthquake hazards reduction program, 2001). These results will support, to a great extent, the design of engineering structures in the area of study.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Arabic Geodesy"
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Smith, Robert B. "Investigation of the Qadimah Fault in Western Saudi Arabia using Satellite Radar Interferometry and Geomorphology Analysis Techniques." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/237291.
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The Qadimah Fault has been mapped as a normal fault running through the middle of a
planned $$$50 billion city. For this reason, there is an urgent need to evaluate the seismic
hazard that the fault poses to the new development. Although several geophysical studies
have supported the existence of a fault, the driving mechanism remains unclear. While a fault
controlled by gravity gliding of the overburden on a mobile salt layer is unlikely to be of
concern to the city, one caused by the continued extension of a normal rotational fault due
to Red Sea rifting could result in a major earthquake.
A number of geomorphology and geodetic techniques were used to better understand the
fault. An analysis of topographic data revealed a sharp discontinuity in slope aspect and
hanging wall tilting which strongly supports the existence of a normal fault. A GPS survey of
an emergent reef platform which revealed a tilted coral surface also indicates that
deformation has occurred in the region.
An interferometric synthetic aperture radar investigation has also been performed to
establish whether active deformation is occurring on the fault. Ground movements that
could be consistent with inter-seismic strain accumulation have been observed, although the
analysis is restricted by the limited data available. However, a simple fault model suggests
that the deformation is unlikely due to continued crustal stretching. This, in addition to the
lack of footwall uplift in the topography data, suggests that the fault is more likely controlled by a shallow salt layer. However, more work will need to be done in the future to confirm
these findings.
Book chapters on the topic "Arabic Geodesy"
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Grebenitcharsky, Rossen S., Georgios S. Vergos, Sultan Al-Shahrani, Abdullah Al-Qahtani, Golubinka Iuri, Alrubayyi Othman, and Suliman Aljebreen. "Hybrid Geoid Modeling for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." In International Association of Geodesy Symposia. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1345_2023_215.
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AbstractA significant improvement in the accuracy and homogeneity has been achieved with the new gravimetric geoid model for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA-Geoid21GRAV) w.r.t the previous Geoid models KSA2009, KSA2015 and KSA-Geoid17. The gravimetric geoid prediction was carried with the remove-compute-restore technique resulting in external absolute accuracies at the 10–11 cm level and relative accuracies at the 1–5 ppm. In this work, the estimation of the hybrid KSA-Geoid21 model is described. A hybrid deterministic and stochastic approach is used to model the residuals of the gravimetric model relative to available GNSS/Levelling geoid heights. Various parametric models ranging from simple north-south bias and tilt one to second and third degree polynomial models have been evaluated. After various tests a second order polynomial model was selected resulting in a 10.3 cm absolute difference of the adjusted residuals between the gravimetric KSA-Geoid21 geoid model and the GNSS/Levelling geoid heights. Following that, a stochastic modelling of the residuals after the fit has been carried out, resulting in errors relative to the GNSS/Levelling data at the 0.014 m level. Compared to the previous geoid model, KSA-Geoid2017, improved residuals to 75.2% of the benchmarks is found with a mean improvement at the 1.1 cm, while for the rest 24.8% a mean deterioration of 0.7 cm is found.
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Vergos, Georgios S., Rossen S. Grebenitcharsky, Abdullah Al-Qahtani, Sultan Al-Shahrani, Dimitrios A. Natsiopoulos, Suliman Al-Jubreen, Ilias N. Tziavos, and Juri Golubinka. "Development of the National Gravimetric Geoid Model for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." In International Association of Geodesy Symposia. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1345_2023_214.
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AbstractThe development of a high-resolution and high accuracy geoid model is becoming nowadays a fundamental component of any modern geodetic infrastructure. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has devoted the last decade a significant number of resources and manpower to collect high-quality land and airborne gravity data as well as GNSS/Levelling observations to create a state-of-the-art geoid model as a fundamental part of the Saudi Arabia National Spatial Reference System (SANSRS). In that frame, this work focuses on the collected gravity, terrain, and GNSS/Levelling data for the area under study, and their pre-processing in terms of horizontal, vertical and gravity reference system homogenization, blunder detection and removal. Given the availability of these data the latest gravimetric geoid model for the KSA is developed.The gravity data pre-processing relied on the available metadata to collect information about the horizontal, vertical and gravity reference system. Hence, all this information has been homogenized to KSA-GRF17, tied to ITRF2014 at epoch 2017.0, and KSA-VRF14 which is tied to the geopotential number above the MSL of the Jeddah TGBM-B. Given that several data holdings of land gravity where either in the form of Bouguer anomalies or referred to some unknown horizontal datum, several tests have been carried out to identify the proper choices. Then, a least-squares collocation-based blunder detection and removal procedure has been conducted to identify blunders in the land data and possible biases between the various campaigns and the high-quality airborne gravity observations. The geoid prediction was carried out by the well-known remove-compute-restore technique evaluating Stokes’ integral in the frequency domain via a 2D spherical Fast Fourier Transform and the Wang-Gore modification. After several tests with the latest GOCE/GRACE-based and combined Global Geopotential Models, XGM2019e has been used as a reference, while the residual terrain model correction was employed for the treatment of the topography. The validation of such a developed gravimetric geoid model has been performed for a set of ~4,500 GNSS/Leveling benchmarks reaching external absolute accuracies at the 10–11 cm level and relative accuracies at the 1–5 ppm over distances ranging from 10 to 2,000 km.
Conference papers on the topic "Arabic Geodesy"
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Zyromski, Andrzej, Marcin Wdowikowski, and Bartosz Kazmierczak. "Estimation of evapotranspiration empirical coefficients of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) under climate change conditions." In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf200.
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The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of estimating the evapotranspiration of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris) using an indirect method. The field experiment was conducted at the Agro and Hydrometeorology Observatory of the Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy of the Wrocław University of Life Sciences in Poland from 1 May to 31 October from 2016 to 2019. The experiment covered the period from the 6th to the 9th year of cultivation of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris) on arable land. Evapotranspiration of Scots pine (ETR) was measured in soil evaporometers of 0.3 m2 and 0.7 m soil monolith thickness, with a daily time step, in triplicate. In order to avoid the oasis effect, the soil evaporometers were installed so that the measured trees grew in a compact enclave, as they do under natural conditions. In parallel, the actual evaporation values from the free water surface were measured directly with the EWP 992 evaporometer, and the daily indicator evaporation values were calculated using the FAO Penman-Monteith formula. In the next step, using evaporation measurements from the EWP 992 evaporometer and determined with the FAO Penman-Monteith formula, decadal and monthly empirical coefficients were determined to estimate the evapotranspiration of Scots pine. Evaluation of the weather conditions in the individual years of the experiment was also carried out, relating it to the normative multi-year period 1981–2010.