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1
Hoolihan, John P. "Biology of Arabian Gulf sailfish." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/%7Ethesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN20050607.184544/.
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Hoolihan, John Paul Jr School of Biological Earth & Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Biology of Arabian Gulf sailfish." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20755.
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Biological and life history characteristics for a previously unstudied population of sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, in the Arabian Gulf were investigated. Notable findings include temporal-spatial migration patterns for a genetically isolated population that is threatened by overexploitation. Conventional tagging resulted in 2053 releases and 114 recaptures (5.55%) inside the Gulf. Linear displacement ranged from 2.5 to 697 km, while days at liberty ranged from 17 to 818 days. Dead recoveries in Iranian gillnets account for 88.6% of recaptures. Modeling analyses produced a best estimate of annual survival probability (S) at 0.375 (slope = -0.101, SE = 0.324). Fifteen pop-up satellite archival tags were deployed on sailfish during 2001 - 2002 to track temporal and spatial movements. Extensive data from four tags showed 83.7% of time-at-depth was spent above 10 m with no significant difference (P < 0.05) in diel preference. Depth ranged from 0.0 m to 61.0 m, while temperature ranged from 19.7 ??C to 30.1 ??C. Small-scale movements of eight sailfish were measured using ultrasonic tracking for periods ranging from 3:33 to 53:06 hours. Track distances ranged from 5.5 to 78.5 km, while linear displacement ranged from 4.6 to 37.0 km. Average speed ranged from 0.29 to 0.75 m s-1. Vertical distributions showed 84.3% of time was spent above 10 m depth, even though water temperature showed negligible variation with depth. Mitochondrial DNA comparison of 147 sailfish produced 39 composite haplotypes using eight restriction enzymes. Significant differences occurred in the frequency between population groups inside and outside the Gulf (amova 34.8%, P < 0.01; FST = 0.356), along with evidence of restricted migration between them (average number of migrants, Nm = 0.903). Nine year classes (0-8) were determined from aging analysis of fin spines. Females (n = 50) ranged from 0 to 8 years, while males (n = 34) ranged from 0 to 6 years. Von Bertalanffy growth function indicated rapid growth during the first two years, after which males stabilized and females continued growing to a greater maximum mean length and weight. A comparison of allometric growth between sexes indicated no significant difference between length and other morphometric characters (P ranged 0.135 ??? 0.980).
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Alhawas, Mosad Abdulaziz. "Toward Net-Zero Residential Buildings in the Arabian Gulf Region (Lessons Learned from the Arabian Gulf Vernacular Architecture)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613498.
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The purpose of this research is to evaluate and assess the residential buildings energy consumption in the east cost of the Arabian Gulf region. After, conducting the energy performance assessment, the main goal is to reduce the energy consumption of those homes to reach the net-zero stage. Moreover, a net-zero strategies tree have been created. The tree has so many elements in order to help designing the Net-Zero prototype which going to reach the Net-Zero stage see fig.1: the strategies are :- renewable energy, passive technique and enhancing building quality. Furthermore, at the beginning of the research, a study was made for the Arabian Gulf vernacular architecture in order to help designing the net-zero prototype and learn some construction lessons from them since individuals were living in a net-zero homes at the time (no electricity).
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Boosalis, William. "Exporting Oil, Importing Education: The Politics of Education in the Arabian Peninsula." Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104707.
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Thesis advisor: Kathleen BaileyMy thesis will be analyzing the politics of education in the Gulf in order to understand why education performance remains low. The problem extends beyond Islamic culture and rentierism. These are merely factors. The problem of education stems from the government itself in mismanaged bureaucracy and the ruling family that dominates politics. My thesis will be looking closely at Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Qatar. My approach is looking at how the Ministry of Education or other departments responsible for implementing and enforcing education policy and how they function within the state and impact education performance for students. My thesis will cover a number of themes, such as; rentierism, culture (political, traditional, etc.), and other factors that impede education and development. My conclusion is that bureaucratic mismanagement with emphasis on rentier and cultural factors are the cause of generating the mismatch of skills making students ill prepared for the globalized world. The problems of education has differed since the 1960s to the present due to how oil shape politics and development. In addition, rentierism has changed and developed and forcing the Gulf to address more societal needs than previously before. The government is the main cause and will be discussed is how this mismanagement and centralized control over education does not prepare students for the workforce in a technologically advanced world.!
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Departmental Honors
Discipline: Islamic Civilization and Societies
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Curtis, Shaun Richard Stuart. "Globalisation, countertrade and privatisation in the Arabian Gulf." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58637.pdf.
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Al-Rabiah, Abdul-Rahman A. "Concrete durability in the Arabian Gulf marine environment." Thesis, University of Salford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334023.
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Aljared, Rawya. "Fueling Petroculture: Contemporary Art from the Arabian Gulf." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1523025656392709.
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Al-Otabi, Mubarak. "The Qawasim and British control of the Arabian Gulf." Thesis, University of Salford, 1989. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14700/.
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For 150 years after 1820, Oman and the littoral sheikhdoms of the Arabian Gulf were known respectively as Trucial Oman and the Trucial States. This reflected the series of agreements beginning in 1820 progressively extending British control of the external policies of the area, leaving domestic and internal affairs in the hands of the traditional rulers. The trucial system was imposed initially to put down piracy by the Qawasim whose depredations on British trade with India reached a climax at the beginning of the nineteenth century. For many years an accepted version, the allegations of piracy have recently been challenged; this thesis seeks to investigate the issue using archive material from the Bombay Presidency and from the Cairo Citadel, material not previously investigated. It is the writer's contention that the traditional justification for British intervention and control of the Gulf, namely piracy, does not take into account the influence of Wahhabism or Anglo-French rivalry dating from the Egyptian campaigns of Napoleon. Thus, the trucial system rested on a more varied and complex origin than has generally been accepted and reflects more pervasive British interests than a simple humanitarian motive.
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Bashir, Mohammad. "Numerical modelling of tidal flows in the Arabian gulf." Thesis, Brunel University, 1993. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6526.
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The main purpose of this thesis is the prediction of tidal movements in the Gulf, which are essential factors for shipping, fishing, and coast protection. The search for suitable predictions of tide propagation and flow problems has undergone a great advance with the arrival of the digital computer. The development of numerical methods permits the formulation of different efficient hydrodynamic models to compute every tide phenomenon with precision and to handle a great amount of information. A two dimensional hydrodynamic model for tidal flow in the Arabian Gulf is developed. The basic hydrodynamic equations are solved with an explicit finite difference method using a staggered grid to reproduce the various tidal constituents in the Arabian Gulf Tidal forcing term at the open boundary (Strait of Harmouz) is approximated in a novel way. A detailed discussion is presented on the treatment of open and closed boundaries. Simulations have been made over several representative tidal cycles using this finite difference model, and the results compare favourably with existing data in different locations in the Arabian Gulf. Contour diagrams for amplitudes and phases are presented for the four dominant constituents M2 (principal lunar), S2 (principal solar), K, (lunar solar diurinal) and O, (principal lunar diurnal) in the Arabian Gulf. Due to the explicit nature of the finite difference scheme, this hydrodynamic model can be efficiently implemented on parallel as well as serial computers.
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Al-Khalifa, Abdul Aziz Attiyatullah. "The Gulf Co-operation Council : its legal basis and practice." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363428.
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Robinson, David Philip. "The ecology of whale sharks Rhincodon typus within the Arabian Gulf and Gulf of Oman." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3139.
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Historically, whale sharks, Rhincodon typus, have been infrequently documented from the Arabian Gulf and the northern Gulf of Oman. This thesis documents the population and movement ecology of whale sharks within this region between 2011 and 2014. The Al Shaheen Area of Qatar and the Musandam region of Oman were the main hotspots for whale shark occurrence. The Al Shaheen oil field is located 90 km off the coast of Qatar in the Arabian Gulf. Platform workers reported 4351 individual whale sharks between 2011 and 2014 based on daily cumulative sightings. Peak numbers of whale sharks were observed between May and September from the west of Al Shaheen. Density estimates of up to 150 sharks within an area of 1 km2 were recorded. Most animals observed were actively feeding on surface zooplankton, consisting primarily of mackerel tuna Euthynnus affinis eggs. A total of 420 individual sharks were identified from their spot patterns from the entire region, with the majority (81%, n=341) encountered at Al Shaheen. Population size for the Arabian Gulf and Gulf of Oman combined was estimated using the program SOCPROG at 2837 sharks ± 1243.91 S.E. (95% C.I. 1720-6295) with 120 sharks present on any given day. A mean residency period of 17 days within this area and 31 days outside the study area was estimated. A model representing a fully mixed population showed the best goodness of fit to investigate Lagged Identification Rate (LIR) of occurrence between two areas, inside and outside of the Arabian Gulf, suggesting a degree of interchange between the Arabian Gulf and Northern Gulf of Oman populations. Inter-annual re-sighting rates of sharks at Al Shaheen varied between 22 and 88%. The estimated total length (TL) for all sharks assessed in Al Shaheen was 6.9 m (± S.D. 1.24, N=296), with males (7.25 m ± 1.34, N=171) being larger than females (6.44 m ±1.09, N=78; t = 4.68, df = 247, P = 0.0001). This aggregation had a significant male bias (69% N=248), with the majority of males assessed as mature (63%, N=81). This is the first whale shark aggregation site dominated by mature animals. Length at which 50% of the animals were mature (TL50) was 7.29 m with all animals at 9 m being mature based on clasper morphology. Movements of individual sharks between the Qatari, Omani and UAE waters were confirmed by individual spot pattern recognition. Satellite tracking of whale sharks within the region showed that whale sharks prefer depths in excess of 40 m and rarely made dives deeper than 100 m. Temperature preferences were between 27 °C and 33 °C. Sharks were seen to aggregate in the summer and disperse widely throughout the region in the winter months outside of the tuna-spawning season. Genetic analysis of whale sharks from Al Shaheen determined that the whale sharks found in this area were genetically similar to the wider Western Indian Ocean populations. Stable isotope analysis showed distinct differentiation in feeding for sharks from Qatar, Tanzania and Mozambique. Anthropogenic threats from the region were found to include boat impacts, accidental and direct capture in nets and a target fishery using tail ropes. Species-specific protection should be considered within countries hosting regional whale shark hotspots and, in addition, whale sharks should be afforded protection within Al Shaheen.
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Kluge, John Alexander. "Modeling of Epizootics on Four Genera of Arabian Gulf Corals." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/381.
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Coral colonies, from a reef near Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE), were counted and assessed for condition using photo-transects. An epidemic model, used to track how a communicable disease moves through a population, was constructed to help predict the future condition of this coral reef. In situ data from a disease outbreak that occurred in September 2011 provided a baseline for the model. Coral Populations of Porites, Platygyra, Acropora and Dipsastrea were modelled using condition categories that included Healthy, Black Band Disease Infected, Cyanobacteria Infected, Recovered, Recruits or Dead. Results from the modelling indicate that populations of Platygyra and Dipsastrea are healthy and growing, even with continued presence of diseases, due to the high rates of recovery (chance for host colony to overcome infection; high recovery rate = high chance of colony recovering from the infection) and low mortality rates (chance of dying from an infection; low mortality rate = low chance of a infected colony dying from the infection) in the genus. Porites showed no signs of population growth, but stabilized near its initial population size, despite having a high infection rate because population growth (recruitment) and recovery rate were canceled by a high mortality rate. Acropora showed a loss in population numbers over time, losing 25% of its population before the disease was eliminated. Diseases may have been eliminated from the Acropora population because population density was low and coral died quickly after becoming infected with a disease, due to the high mortality rate of this genus, before infecting other colonies. Acropora was the only genus to display what seems to be a density dependent infection rate, since chance of infection was reduced and then eliminated by the rapid mortality of infected colonies, if the population was higher disease spread may have been higher. In addition to results obtained using in situ data, higher modified infection rates were used to assess how they might impact these coral populations. Results suggest that all four genera seem to be resilient, shown by in situ modeling and parameters extracted from the phototransects, and able to withstand acute (rapid increase of infection rate which was then again quickly brought back to normal infection rate, an infection “spike”) increases of disease infection, which is shown by either a high recovery rate (Dipsastrea and Platygyra), a high recruitment/low mortality rate (Porites), or a high mortality rate (Acropora) that may not allow for the diseases to spread. However, all four genera would be slowly driven to extinction by a sustained (chronic) increase of disease infection rate brought on by growing stressors such as an increase in average water temperature or pollutants within the Gulf. These results demonstrate fragility of Gulf coral genera when exposed to chronic episodes of disease, which over time causes total collapse of the coral populations.
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Al-Osairi, Yousef. "Hydro-environmental modelling of the Arabian Gulf and Kuwait Bay." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55073/.
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Studying and understanding the hydro-environmental characteristics of the Arabian Gulf has received growing interest over the past few decades. This is mainly attributed to the strategic importance of the area, since it has been utilised to transport most of the oil production from the Gulf states. Over the last five decades, rapid industrial coastal development also has taken place around the Gulf. Development has brought desalination, power and petroleum refining plants. Coastal developments and industrial and domestic sewage discharges have contributed to the total nutrient levels in the Gulf, which have enhanced unwanted algal growth in various coastal areas. More recently, climate change has brought flooding to the Gulf states and frequent dust storms, which have increased various environmental issues, such as sediment transport and nutrient sorption processes, also in the shallow regions of the Gulf. In the current study the geographic dispersion of numerical tracers and flushing characteristics, in terms of residence time, of the Gulf have been investigated. The study has revealed that dispersion of numerical tracers is chiefly controlled by tides in the Gulf, while winds had limited effects. The residence time in the Gulf was predicted to be almost 3 years using ELCOM. Kuwait Bay was also investigated in terms of the governing hydrodynamics using ELCOM. Similar to the Gulf, the study revealed that the Bay was chiefly driven by tides and to a lesser extent by winds. Detailed studies of temperature, using the same model, showed that temperatures varied seasonally in the Bay. In terms of salinity, investigations have shown that the Shatt Al Arab has an apparent effect on the Bay's salinity, particularly in the northern areas. The maximum residence time of the Bay was calculated to be 57 days near al Jahra using ELCOM. The main model refinements were conducted on including the phosphorus source terms in TRIVAST, based on experimental investigations in a hydraulics flume channel. The refinements included the addition of new source terms accounting for the adsorption of phosphorus to suspended sediments and bed sediments. Model investigations have shown that the model refinements improved the model predictions of phosphorus levels, with phosphorus being the limiting nutrient during high suspended sediment events in Kuwait Bay. In general, good water quality predictions in Kuwait Bay were achieved using both ELCOM-CAEDYM and TRIVAST. Predictions have shown that the Shatt Al-Arab waterway has significant effects of the water quality of the Bay. Better hydrodynamic predictions were achieved using ELCOM than TRIVAST for the Gulf and the Bay. This was due to the additional mathematical terms included in ELCOM, including, in particular, the terms representing tidal forces that were calculated from the gravitational potential.
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Salman, Mohammed Hameed. "Aspects of Portuguese rule in the Arabian Gulf, 1521-1622." Thesis, University of Hull, 2004. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5616.
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This study deals with Portuguese rule over the Arabian Gulf from 1521, after the occupation of Hormuz, Bahrain and Qatif, to 1622 when Portuguese power declined after the capture of Hormuz by an English-Persian alliance. The work is organised into an introduction and five thematic chapters, each of which addresses one or more political and economic aspects of Portuguese rule in this period. The introduction provides a summary of the primary Portuguese sources, and other English, Arabic, and Turkish sources which pertain to the Portuguese invasion of the Gulf. There then follows a short description of the geography of the Gulf. Chapter One deals with Portuguese expansion and objectives in the East. In addition, the chapter discusses the commercial contacts between India and the Gulf before the Portuguese arrived. Particular attention is paid to the political and social structure of Hormuz. Chapter Two discusses the economic life of the Gulf during the sixteenth century and the beginning of the seventeenth century. This chapter also examines the commercial experiences or influences that the Portuguese brought to the people of the Gulf, and the economic aspects of the Portuguese presence. Chapter Three examines the basis and character of Portugal's political administration in the East in general, and in the Gulf in particular. This chapter also addresses relations between the Portuguese viceroyalty and the local governors. Chapter Four opens with a discussion of local resistance in the Gulf against the Portuguese. It deals also with the arrival of the Ottomans in the Gulf in the sixteenth century and their conflict with the Portuguese, and with Portuguese relations with Persia during the reign of Shah Abbas. Finally, Chapter Five assesses the reasons for the collapse of Portuguese domination in the Gulf in 1622 and its effects on the region. It discusses in detail why Hormuz, as one of the most important props of the Portuguese empire in the East, fell as an easy victim, even though it was thriving economically.
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Shattaf, Nasser Rashid. "Development of high durability concrete for the Arabian Gulf environment." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10213/.
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Concrete is probably the most widely used construction material in the world. In the Arabian Gulf region, deterioration of concrete due to the aggressive environment is recognized to be the main factor affecting their structural integrity. The durability of concrete structures can be preserved by various protection methods; however, using cement replacement materials is one of the most effective and economic methods of maintaining their stability as well as extending their service life. The aim of this project is to study four interrelated aspects, namely, (1) the effect of hot environment on the properties of fresh concrete incorporating mineral admixtures, (2), the influence of exposure environment on the engineering properties of hardened concrete, under various curing conditions, without and with mineral admixture, (3), the differences in porosity and pore structure of the same set of mixes, and, (4) the effect of outdoor exposure on the durability-related properties of concrete. To achieve the above aims, the experimental programme involved the study of five different mixes of combinations of silica fume/slag and silica fume. The effects of real exposure to the Arabian Gulf environment of these mixes subjected to four curing regimes, namely, continuous water curing, no water curing after demolding, and air drying after 3 and 7 days of initial water curing were investigated. The properties investigated include (1) consistency and setting times of cement pastes, workability and workability loss with time, (2) engineering properties such as compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, pulse velocity, shrinkage, expansion and thermal expansion, (3) microstructural properties such as porosity and pore size distribution, (4) durability-related properties such as permeability, water absorption and carbonation depth. The results show that exposure to hot environment results in rapid setting times, faster loss of slump, higher porosity, coarser pore structure and more permeable concretes. It was found that part cement replacement by silica fume and slag improves the quality of concrete mixtures, refined the pore structure and produced concretes with very low porosity and continuous pore diameter in both indoor and outdoor environment. The properties of concrete containing mineral admixture appear to be more sensitive to poor curing than the plain concrete, with the sensitivity increasing with increasing amount of slag in the mixture.
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Aloughani, Muhammad. "Renewable energies management strategy challenges in the Arabian Gulf countries." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11533.
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The main source of energy in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) remains fossil fuels (oil and gas). The massive and accelerated used of such sources of energy not only depletes the traditional energy sources in those states and thus undermines exports and long-term prosperity; it also causes devastating damages to the environment and to human health. The nature of the Arabian Peninsula is very suitable for renewable energy sources (RES), thus many GCC states have started to consider those resources for their future energy plans. Like any technology, renewable energy technologies (RET) face many challenges such as economic, technical, social and environmental. This research analyses renewable energy (RE) possibilities and barriers in the GCC states in depth, using Kuwait as a case study. Questionnaires were distributed to three different groups to measure their attitudes and knowledge with regard to RE. Moreover, this research investigates the economic and environmental implications of RES adoption for Kuwait. A cost analysis between the traditional energy generated by the Ministry of Electricity and Water (MEW) using oil and gas, and RE energy generated by Al- Shagaya project has been carried out. It was found that most participants were environmentally aware of fuel issues and supported RE; they were prepared to forego subsidies on traditional energy to promote RE, but they doubted the government’s ability to implement RE successfully. Although Al-Shagaya Project was targeted to contribute up to 15% of Kuwait’s total power production by 2030, the cost analysis presented in this thesis revealed that the energy generated from the Al-Shagaya Project accounts for only 2% the energy needs projected at 2030, therefore current plans would only reduce CO2 emissions by 2% by 2030, but a program was proposed whereby larger investment would cause a 92% reduction in costs and reduce CO2 emissions to zero within the same timeframe.
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Morgan, William P. "Satellite detection of complex aerosols over the Arabian Peninsula/Gulf." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA256085.
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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 1992.Thesis Advisor: Durkee, Philip A. "March, 1992." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 16, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 102). Also available in print.
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Almoneef, Ahmed. "Corporate governance and accountability in Arabian Gulf countries : the case of Saudi Arabia, Oman and Bahrain." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/6f3a513b-968b-4fe8-b292-f157e85cd98f.
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Ahmadi, Y. A. "An assessment of Gulf States' perceptions of US hegemony and security in the Persian/Arabian Gulf." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2014. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/149/.
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This thesis assesses the Gulf states’ perceptions towards US hegemony security in the Persian/Arabian Gulf. A number of questions are asked regarding security and stability in the Gulf, the tools, means and objectives of the USA in the region, regional powers and their role in achieving stability in the Gulf. Special references is given to the perspectives of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states, Iraq and Iran regarding regional security, stability, the role of US hegemony, and their roles in building a new security system in the region. Moreover questions addressed include the occupation of Iraq by the USA and how it has impacted the Gulf region and the capabilities of the Gulf states to build a regional security system independent of US protection. The aim of this study is to provide a conceptual foundation for a discussion about the future shape of security and stability arrangements in the Gulf. Secondly, this research aims to analyse the role of the USA in the regional security complex, its key interests in the region, and its means to achieving its objectives there. Finally, this thesis examines the perceptions of the GCC states, Iraq and Iran toward the role of the USA and its hegemony in the Gulf. Furthermore, this research project also aims to study the failure of the region's states to develop a regional security regime and their perceptions of this failure. The Persian/Arabian Gulf is a strategic economic, political and military region that has increased its vital significance to neighbouring regions and the world as a whole in the past two decades or more. In particular its important position as a source of gas and oil for the global energy market has caused this region to be of interest to state and non-state actors around the world, and arguably has made the region more unstable. The hypothesis tested in this work is, that consider the importance of the Gulf states perception of the security and stability and the US hegemony and its role, as the only possible way to stabilize the region. as well as considering the Gulf states perception of protect themselves and build their own regional security system. That the USA has succeeded to a great extent in controlling and exercising hegemony over the Persian/Arabian Gulf region in a way compatible with its interests and objectives, which are: primarily, guaranteeing the flow of oil and gas, protecting current regimes in the GCC and guaranteeing the security and supremacy of Israel. The originality of this thesis in part lies in focus on the Gulf states’ perceptions of US hegemony in the Gulf and its impact on security there., By employing a constructivist approach and combining it with a theory of Hegemonic Stability, an alternative understanding of the capabilities of the USA as hegemonic state in the Gulf is developed to examine its ability to control and gain support from states in the Gulf.
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Davis, Christian J. "American higher education in the Arabian Gulf - a force for liberation." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FDavis%5FChristian.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Securities Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Looney, Robert ; Second Reader: Kadhim, Abbas. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Qatar, United Arab Emirates, UAE, branch campus, higher education, Arabian Gulf Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-121). Also available in print.
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Davis, Christian J. "American higher education in the Arabian Gulf--a force for Liberalization." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FDavis%5FChristian.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Looney, Robert. Second Reader: Kadhim, Abbas. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 9, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Qatar, United Arab Emirates, UAE, Branch Campus, Higher Education, Arabian Gulf. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-121). Also available in print.
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Lempke, Katherine. "ESL Students from the Arabian Gulf and Their Attitudes towards Reading." Thesis, Gonzaga University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10250526.
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The process of reading embodies many factors that affect an ESL student’s second language acquisition. This study investigates the present situations of current or former ESL students from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and their attitudes toward reading in an ESL classroom. The investigation focuses on reading in a social context and the effects of a background with reading as a child. It examines Saudi ELLs attitudes towards reading in an ESL classroom. The background and motivation towards reading in the United States and KSA are examined. The analysis discovers motivation aspects and current knowledge of Saudi students in ESL. A survey was disseminated to determine Saudi student’s experiences with reading in ESL. This study investigates how attitudes and cultural aspects influence ESL reading performance and why it is important when teaching Saudi ESL students. This research is important because it directly affects our students and their future as students out of an ESL classroom. In order to provide the best education for our students, we need to be aware of what current attitudes and background history our students have on reading in English and in an ESL classroom.
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Maslehuddin, Mohammed. "The influence of Arabian Gulf environment on mechanisms of reinforcement corrosion." Thesis, Aston University, 1994. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14300/.
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The reduction in the useful-service life of reinforced concrete construction in the Arabian Gulf is attributed to reinforcement corrosion. While this phenomenon is primarily related to chloride ions, the concomitant pressure of sulfate salts may accelerate the deterioration process. Another factor which might influence reinforcement corrosion is the elevated ambient temperature. While few studies have been conducted to evaluate the individual effect of sulfate contamination and temperature on chloride binding and reinforcement corrosion, the synergistic effect of these factors on concrete durability, viz.-a-viz., reinforcement corrosion, needs to be evaluated. Further, the environmental conditions of the Arabian Gulf are also conducive for accelerated carbonation. However, no data are available on the concomitant effect of chloride-sulfate contamination and elevated temperature on the carbonation behaviour of plain and blended cements. This study was conducted to evaluate the conjoint effect of chloride-sulfate contamination and temperature on the pore solution chemistry and reinforcement corrosion. The effect of chloride-sulfate contamination and elevated temperature on carbonation in plain and blended cements was also investigated. Pore solution extraction and analysis, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, DC linear polarization resistance and AC impedance spectroscopy techniques were utilized to study the effect of experimental parameters on chloride binding, reinforcement corrosion and carbonation. The results indicated that the concomitant presence of chloride and sulfate salts and temperature significantly influences the durability performance of concrete by: (i) decreasing the chloride binding, (ii) increasing reinforcement corrosion, and (iii) accelerating the carbonation process. (DX185682)
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Almageni, Nola. "MARIJUANA BEHAVIORS IN THE ARABIAN GULF (GCC): APPLYING THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/comm_etds/18.
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The theory of planned behavior is a great tool for understanding predictors of drug use, specifically marijuana. Although the theory has been applied in the U.S. and European context, research on the predictors of behavioral intention for marijuana use within the Arabian Gulf context is limited. This thesis provides an overview of the theory of planned behavior as used in the U.S. and European context. An argument for the need to better understand predictors of behavioral intentions to use drugs, in the Arabian Gulf Region, prior to developing interventions and preventions is presented. Data was collected from 95 participants between the ages of 18-25 who were from the six GCC countries. Participants had the option to complete the survey in English or in Arabic. Results of the study suggest attitudes are the strongest predictor for behavioral intentions to use marijuana. Knowledge and sensations seeking were not significantly related to behavioral intentions for marijuana use within the current sample.
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Janecek, Michael J. "POLICING IRANIAN SANCTIONS: TRADE, IDENTITY, AND SMUGGLING NETWORKS IN THE ARABIAN GULF." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/32840.
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There are continual debates regarding the effectiveness of United Nations Security Council Resolutions (UNSCR) 1803 and 1929 as tools for limiting the Islamic Republic of Irans goals for a nuclear program. This thesis examines the enforceability of the maritime sections of both resolutions at the police level in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Arab nations along the Arabian Gulf have had long-standing maritime trade relations with Iran and the greater Indian Ocean that extend generations into history. This relationship led to the extensive merging of Arab and Persian cultures in the GCC, as well as the growth of an immigrant workforce from South Asia. With this influx of identities and nationalities, challenges were developed in enforcing both resolutions, specifically as it relates to the inspection of Iranian maritime cargo. Alongside this merging of cultures, is the growth of successful maritime drug-smuggling networks that weapons proliferators could exploit to intentionally violate UNSCR 1803 and 1929. Based on the challenges of maritime trade, cultural and national identity, as well as criminal activity, it is argued that both resolutions are an unnatural fit in the Arabian Gulf, and are therefore questionable as policy choices in the GCC countries.
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Binhuwaidin, Mohamed Mousa Mohamed Ali. "China's foreign policy towards the Gulf and Arabian Peninsula region, 1949-1999." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4947/.
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This study attempts to fill an important gap which exists in the literature on the People’s Republic of China's foreign policy - China's relations with the Gulf and Arabian Peninsula countries. It provides a detailed description of China's policy towards the region from the time of the establishment of the PRC in late 1949 to the end of the twentieth century, by focusing on the factors that shaped China's foreign policy and its objectives. The researcher draws upon the neo-realist theory arguments and assumptions in explaining China's foreign policy towards the Gulf and Arabian Peninsula region, particularly the impact of external factors in shaping states' foreign policies. The major argument of the study is that two main factors have been most salient in shaping China's foreign policy towards the region. The first factor has been China’s relations with both the United States and the Soviet Union, which very much shaped China's foreign policy towards the region throughout most of the Cold War era. The second factor is China's drive to increase its economic capability by fostering strong economic ties with the countries of the region, particularly after becoming a net importer of oil in 1993. The researcher finds that these two factors have directed China’s foreign policy towards the Gulf and Arabian Peninsula region throughout the first half-century of the PRC's interactions with the countries of the Gulf and Arabian Peninsula region.
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Madan, Kadhem Hassan Ali. "The avoidance of membrane fouling in Ro desalination of Arabian Gulf seawater." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394226.
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Al-Rashidi, Thamer Badi. "An analysis of drivers of seawater temperature in Kuwait Bay, Arabian Gulf." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/145867/.
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Kuwait Bay presents a unique ecosystem and a significant nursery ground for many fish and shrimp species. In the last three decades, the bay has been under pressure from urbanization as well as from development from the entire region of the Arabian Gulf. Seawater temperature has an important impact on the marine environment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the drivers of seawater temperature in Kuwait Bay over the last two decades. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat satellites images were used to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Arabian Gulf and Kuwait Bay. Hourly temperature measurements collected during the winter, 2007 and summer, 2008 were used to define the vertical temperature gradient in the water column, sea-bed and the intertidal flats of Kuwait Bay. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometric (AVHRR) satellite data collected between 1985 and 2007 was also used to study the trends and drivers of increasing SST in Kuwait Bay over the last two decades. Satellite imaging showed that generally SST of Kuwait Bay is higher in the south than in the north. Highest SST was recorded near local human activities especially close to power and desalination plants due to thermal discharges. The field measurements showed that the water temperature is well-mixed in the bay. Seawater temperature reached 37 ºC in summer and dropped to 15.2 ºC in winter. Measurements beneath the sea-bed and within the intertidal flats showed that the temperature increased with depth in winter and decreased in summer. In winter, the sea-bed and intertidal flats are a source of heat to the water column, during summer the opposite is true. AVHRR data showed that the seawater temperature increased in Kuwait Bay by 0.62 (± 0.01)ºC/decade in the last two decades. This trend is three times greater than the global average. The defined trends were substantiated by routine in situ monthly measurements of SST made by the EPA in the bay, and were also similar in pattern and trend to air temperature recorded at Kuwait airport. Temperature trends have been affected by drivers, conveniently sub-divided into global (which contributes 37% of the change), regional (which contributes 50% of the change) and local (which contributes 13% of the change). SST measurements showed peaks in summer temperature coincident with El Niño events in 1998 and 2003. The measurements also showed a relatively-low summertime peak during 1991 in the aftermath of Iraqi invasion of Kuwait due to atmospheric dimming brought about by dense smoke that persisted in the region for most of that year. The long term trend also showed a drop in temperature after 2004 as a result of increasing dust storm frequency in the region. Air temperature was found to be the most dominant driver of seawater temperature in Kuwait Bay and operates at a regional scale. At the local scale the seawater temperature of Kuwait Bay is influenced by intertidal flat exposure time and the thermal discharge from power and desalination plants.
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Jolliffe, Alistair S. "Ecological role of herbivory on coral reefs of the Saudi Arabian Gulf coast." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/50543/.
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This study examined the ecological role of herbivory on coral reefs of the Saudi Arabian Gulf coast. Herbivory is a ubiquitous process and important in regulating benthic marine communities. Three reef sites were studied over a 12-month period; one on an inshore fringing reef (1.5 m depth), and two on the fringing reef surrounding an offshore island (3 m and 11 m depth). The inshore site experienced greatest extremes in temperature, salinity and sedimentation. The ecological role of herbivory was determined from algal settlement plates and their selective exclusion from herbivores. The inshore site was naturally dominated by filamentous algae, while both offshore sites supported a higher proportion of crustose forms. Location (i. e. distance from shore) appeared to be more important than seasonality in determining the structure and composition of the epilithic algal community. At the inshore site herbivorous fish (dominated by Siganus spp. ) imposed a uniform, wide-ranging grazing pressure of intermediate intensity. Herbivorous echinoids (Echinometra mathaei) imposed an intensive but localised grazing pressure. At the shallow offshore site, only herbivorous fish (dominated by Scarus sp. ) appeared responsible for grazing impacts, which were also intensive. At the deep offshore site both herbivorous fish (dominated by Pomacentrus spp. ) and echinoids (Diademo setosum) were responsible for limiting algal growth, although other factors (e. g. light penetration) may also inhibit algal productivity at this site. An experiment assessing the effects of extreme perturbations (i. e. removal of the algal community), showed that seasonal life-history strongly affected generic succession and rate of re-colonisation. Perturbation effects were temporary and did not precipitate permanent alternative stable communities. An important secondary effect of herbivory is bioerosion. The mean erosion rate by E. mathaei was comparable to rates recorded elsewhere. Behavioural studies revealed that burrow defence and fidelity were positively correlated with burrow complexity, and that the frequency of agonistic behaviour was low. Foraging range was negatively correlated with burrow complexity. In addition, the risk of mortality by finfish predators at the inshore site was estimated to be very low. The study has shown that Saudi Arabian Gulf reef communities may be particularly vulnerable to the depletion of herbivores, for example by overfishing. Management plans should therefore safeguard the herbivorous community, in order to maintain natural bioerosion rates and other reef processes.
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Al-Yousef, Mariam. "Mineralogy, geochemistry and origin of Quaternary sabkhas in the Qatar peninsula, Arabian Gulf." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274567.
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Tuson, Penelope. "Western women in the Arabian Gulf, 1892-1939 : issues of empire and gender." Thesis, University of Kent, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342270.
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Shamas, Salim M. "Socialization and foreign nannies in the Arabian Gulf : a case study in Oman." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1993. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6831/.
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Detailed examination of the nature of social change in Oman pinpoints the various ways in which the role of the family has diminished, and that of the state increased. In particular, the somewhat haphazard way in which, inevitably, the state has assumed the responsibilities for social welfare and education which were previously the sole province of the family, has weakened the framework of child socialisation which was once the bulwark of an Islamic society. This framework derives from the whole ethos of the child's socialising environment - previously the extended family with its spoken and unspoken Islamic ideals; now far more often the world of the nanny; alien, sometimes uncaring, and often imperfectly understood. That this environment is the enemy of successful socialisation was the hypothesis designed to be tested by the research. Current theories of socialisation in the earliest years of childhood, especially those of the `learning theorists', such as Bandura, emphasise the importance to the very young child of `bonding' - stable emotional attachment to one or two adult carers - for successful later emotional development. The child's cognitive, linguistic, psychological and social development is likely thereafter to depend on its role-models, on whose explicit and implicit assumptions about life the child is likely to base his own actions. How much these are in tune with his society will depend on how far these role models reflect, especially linguistically, the cultural assumptions of that society. To some extent, therefore, the closer the bond between child and nanny, the less likely he is (if she is non-Omani) to socialise successfully. It is in this context that the research set out to test the effects of foreign nannies on Omani children. Its objectives were therefore to see why families employed nannies; to see how they were employed; to study their personal lifestyles and even more importantly their backgrounds and the cultures from which they came; to try to discover their effects on the children in their charge, and to make some recommendations about their deployment.
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Wells, Madeleine Hayden. "Stay in Your Lane!| How Regimes Balance Political Opposition in the Arabian Gulf." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10108962.
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What explains variation over time in how states treat “non-core groups”? What are the reasons for co-opting, accommodating, or politically excluding them? Drawing on insights in ethnic politics and international relations, a recent body of literature claims that interstate relations and foreign policy ought to drive state decision making toward externally linked groups. Yet, I observe outcomes that suggest that when regimes perceive a higher threat to internal regime security than they do to their territorial borders, domestic politics is more important in driving regime decision making toward such groups. In such situations, even if non-core groups are supported by unfriendly external powers, I argue that regimes decide to accommodate, accommodate and co-opt, or politically exclude such groups based on their location in the architecture of the opposition—the numerical strength and diversity of identities in the opposition that threaten the regime in power. The causal mechanism for this relationship is the perception of proximate threats to regime security from political opposition, with larger, crosscutting oppositional configurations posing a bigger threat than smaller, homogenous opposition. I also argue that regimes prefer non-core groups to “stay in their lane”, that is, that they remain narrowly political in regards to pursuing goods from the state related to their identity.
This dissertation employs an in-depth, single case study of one group in the same country over time, testing the finding in a secondary country using a most similar systems approach. The case of Kuwait’s treatment of its Shi‘a from 1963 through 2011 serves as the in-depth case study, and uses data gathered from seventy interviews during half a year of fieldwork in Kuwait City in 2013, in addition to documents from the British National Archives and Arabic media. I also briefly compare outcomes in policies toward the Shi‘a to policies toward the stateless residents and expatriates. Insights from the Kuwaiti case are tested on the secondary case of Bahrain to explain regime treatment of the Shi‘a from 1973 through 2011. I also suggest that the theory may be extrapolated to explain the variation in recent relations between the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the non-core Kurds in Turkey. The findings crack open the black box of ethnic politics in semi-authoritarian regimes, helping to explain variation—and some counter-intuitive co-optation—in cases in which we might expect more exclusion in general.
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Aldarbas, Ahmad M. S. "The regulatory framework of the real estate sector in the Arabian Gulf countries." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2015. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/26682/.
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Al-Kahtani, Abdrahman M. "The performance of the Saudi Arabian press during the Gulf Conflict, 1990-1991." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/442/.
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This thesis analyses the performance of the Saudi Arabian press during the Gulf Conflict of 1990-1991. It seeks (1) to present the opinions of Saudi media academics and journalists regarding the performance of the Saudi press during the Gulf conflict; (2) to analyse the content of the Saudi press in terms of the number of stories/ issues dealing with the Gulf conflict, the theme of these stories; the characteristics of the Saudi press and the agenda - setting capacity of the Saudi press before, during and after the liberation of Kuwait; (3) to look at Saudi journalists' actual perceptions of the ideal function of the press in time of war, and their views and level of satisfaction with the Saudi press's actual performance in its coverage of the Gulf conflict; and (4) to find out what factors influenced the Saudi press in its reporting of the conflict. An attempt is also made to examine the applicability of various media theories to the Saudi press. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with media academics in all Saudi universities and with journalists in the Saudi press organisations. Content analysis of the Saudi press during the Gulf conflict was carried out, using a constructed week approach, for the periods before, during and after the liberation of Kuwait. Confidence interval and Chisquare analysis formulae were used in order to test the research hypotheses. A survey questionnaire was administered to journalists regarding ideal press functions in time of war and the actual performance of the Saudi press during the Gulf conflict. The interviews with Saudi media academics and journalists revealed that the Saudi press role was largely reactive in nature, including little comment or analysis. This was because of the lack of information and political awareness in Saudi society as a whole, including amongst journalists. Even after the liberation of Kuwait, little changed in the Saudi press function, due to inadequate planning, lack of sufficiently trained and skilled journalists, and the continued constraints imposed by the press' relationship with the Saudi information policy. The manifest content of the Saudi press revealed that it depended in its coverage of the Gulf conflict on foreign news sources such as Reuters, AFP, AP, UPI, and paid greater attention to news stories originating outside Saudi Arabia such as from the USA, Western Europe, Asia and other Middle Eastern countries, and relied more on foreign personnel, specifically foreign government officials. Regarding the press agenda, political and military/defence movement news was regarded as most 'newsworthy' followed by crime, law and justice, economic and religious news relating to the Gulf conflict. The majority of news tended to be positive in tone and to support the UN resolutions in relation to the Iraqi regime. The leading articles, similarly were anti-Iraqi, and also attacked Iraq's allies such as Jordan, Sudan and Yemen. The survey findings confirmed those of the interviews and content analysis, that the Saudi press depended on foreign sources in their conflict coverage. Those surveyed felt that the press had not fulfilled its ideal role because it was not informative enough, gave too little coverage and was not always trustworthy. The survey participants also felt that the Saudi press regulation should come from the press itselt rather than be imposed by an external body. It is concluded that no single theory is sufficient to explain the performance of Saudi press during the Gulf conflict. The authoritarian model was only partially upheld; in other respects the press functioned more in line with the loyalty theory. The findings indicated the importance of developing the Saudi press in terms of management and journalistic skills. Recommendations and suggestions are presented, both for the Saudi government, represented by Ministry of Information, and for Saudi press organisations, to improve and develop their functions into the next millennium.
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Al, Khalifa Fay. "Urban sustainability and transforming culture in the Arabian Gulf : the case of Bahrain." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10534/.
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The deserted towns of the Arabian Gulf States were transformed at the beginning of the 20th century into developed cities a few years after the sudden growth in wealth, following the unearthing of oil, one of the main contributors to the transformation of cultures around the world. The effects of the sudden wealth have been a subject of curiosity and concern for many years. Nevertheless, limited attention has been given to the relationship between cultural transformation and urban sustainability in the Arabian Gulf States despite the vast environmental concerns the Gulf is facing today. This sudden urban transformation was argued to be a reflection of the parallel cultural transformation. Limited empirical evidence supports such claims. The study undertaken in this research attempts to investigate this relationship between cultural change and urban sustainability in the Arabian Gulf. The thrust of this study further focuses on Bahrain, the only urban archipelago in the Arabian Gulf. Oil was introduced to the region through its discovery in Bahrain in 1931. Nevertheless, today Bahrain enjoys the least amount of resources in the area including water, food and oil, which drives the government to explore alternative sources for the economy and aspire to economic diversification. Bahrain today faces some environmental challenges and is also the smallest and densest of the Arabian Gulf states, which makes the argument of urban sustainability of particular importance. The research attempts to examine the role of the government in preventing or stimulating urban sustainability by focusing on the work of some governmental organisations concerned with the built environment. The study aspires to first explore the social, cultural, environmental, economic and political mechanisms behind the formation of Bahrain’s urbanism and to investigate the forces that contributed to the development of the phenomenon of cultural transformation. It then aims to examine the transformed culture of Bahrain and to assess the role of the existing culture in the development of urban sustainability in Bahrain. Finally, it intends to put forward a sustainable urban regeneration strategy consisting of a set of recommendations for Bahrain today and for a future urbanism that focuses on all aspects of sustainability. The research uses a qualitative approach and a case study strategy by employing different methods of data collection and analysis. The methods include archival resources, comprising political reports and intelligence summaries of the British political officers and American missionaries in the Gulf, in addition to recent and historical maps and national governmental strategies, laws, and regulation. It also includes two sets of semi-structured interviews. The first, with academics and key officials working in different organisations concerned with the built environment, and the second, with foreign consultants and key officials who are working on three future mega urban development projects around Bahrain. The study assisted in building knowledge about the effects of cultural change on urban sustainability in the Arabian Gulf or any other similar situation. The research resulted in an analysis of the notion of cultural change in the Arabian Gulf States, its causes and its consequences for the sustainability of the urban environment and lifestyle of people living in the Gulf today. Furthermore, it resulted in a redefining of “urban sustainability” that is relevant for the Arabian Gulf context to guide future research in the area. The study also investigated the understandings of academics and officials of the notions of cultural change and urban sustainability, which assisted along with other sources in outlining the different challenges facing urban sustainability in Bahrain today. Additionally, the research investigated the sustainability of three new mega urban development projects and concluded with a set of recommendations for the government to assist in informing decision makers and ensuring a more sustainable urban future for Bahrain. The research adds to the universal debates on urban sustainability by focusing on the urban environments of the less articulated region of the Arabian Gulf.
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Towfiqi, Dheya A. Aziz. "A model for airport strategic planning and master planning in the Arabian Gulf." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33409.
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The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), including Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE and Oman, has undertaken massive construction projects to develop its airports. Such development has taken place over a very short span of time and has involved particularly heavy investments. These projects were, and still are, funded by the governments. The financial return of these projects was not their prime objective, but they were implemented to satisfy the air transport demand and to gain prestige. Some of these projects were a success and some were not, due to a lack of proper and efficient planning and implementation. One could say that this is a natural situation considering the very short time frame in which they were completed after the independence of the GCC in the early 1970s coupled with the good financial situation of these countries. However, this situation will not continue forever; indeed, many of these countries have reviewed their implementation of projects, including airport development plans, positively. Nevertheless, there is a lack of strategic planning practices in many GCC airports, where an airport master plan (AMP) is used in isolation without a strategic plan. Generally, airport projects have not received adequate attention in terms of research on project implementation or strategic planning. Such projects cannot be considered as normal projects, as airports are unique, complicated and demanding due to their complexity, security and safety requirements, international regulations, operations, high cost and high versatility. Therefore, it is essential for any airport to introduce and implement a strategic plan before the enacting development plans to minimise the risk of failure. The competitive environment between the GCC members and the demand for ground and air transportation are factors that led airport management to implement new strategic policies and identify the way forward. This research explains the theory of strategic management and relates it to airports and the airport industry. It also uses Bahrain International Airport as a case study. The case study included the collection of qualitative data through interviews with airport authorities and companies. The collected data were applied to business tools. The new management, the Bahrain Airport Company (BAC), has created a plan for the implementation of a strategic plan, and the research found that strategic planning has been initiated at Bahrain International Airport (BIA) but that there are differences between its implementation and the general strategic planning theories. BIA has very special characteristics and is unique in terms of its patterns of traffic and geographical location. These should be considered to be success factors and must be used to compete with other airports and enable BIA to be one of the leading airports in the provision of effective and quality services.
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Alnasseri, Saif Sultan. "Policies to Sustain High Standards of Living in Oil-Exporting Arabian Gulf Countries." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366346.
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This study addresses the following research question: “Taking into account the major trends in oil extraction and depletion, economic diversification and development, and population growth, what policies should be adopted by oil-exporting countries in the Arabian Gulf region to sustain high living standards?” The countries of interest include Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and Kuwait. Standards of living in these countries have generally risen during the last 35 or so years, even after real output per capita fell substantially in the mid-1980s. Public consumption has been very high by international standards and the countries have not been able to save and invest adequate amounts overseas. Economic diversification has often been limited in scope, in that the ‘new’ industries tend to be highly dependent on oil themselves. There is thus an urgent need for further reforms to achieve a broader-based economy and an increased role for the private sector. Greater emphasis will need to be placed on improving the technological knowledge and capabilities of Gulf citizens. In the 1970s, labour was imported primarily to meet the needs of rapidly developing domestic economies. After 1980, however, the importation of foreign labour became a self-feeding process that was not necessarily in the best long-term interest of the nationals. The governments have made numerous efforts to limit the number of foreign workers, but have not met with significant success, mainly because of the absence of a coherent strategy and a lack of consistent application of regulations. Both of these can be related to an underlying lack of political will. Gulf countries should apply regulations concerning the repatriation/rotation of foreign labour more consistently, and should pay foreign workers higher effective wages. Some of this increase should be saved and invested, to be paid as end-of-service ‘gratuities’ that would help foreign workers re-establish themselves upon returning to their own countries. For nationals, a coordinated strategy should be implemented to develop their skills and capabilities for employment in practical occupations, and to prepare them to be internationally competitive in the long run. Instead of giving every citizen a job in the public sector, it is preferable to provide a basic benefit (income supplement) that does not interfere with incentives to work in productive jobs in the private sector. Results from the simulation model demonstrate that no matter how big their oil reserves are, the countries will have to face severe deteriorations in wealth and living standards if historical trends continue into the long term. However, if appropriate adjustments are implemented early enough, some of the worst consequences can be avoided. Essentially, these adjustments work by reducing current consumption and increasing investment, thus allowing physical and human capital stocks, as well as the net stock of assets held overseas, to grow more rapidly. Results from the survey of opinions indicate an awareness of the serious problems that would ensue following the depletion of oil, and considerable willingness to contemplate a wide range of fundamental changes to sustain standards of living in the long term. Nevertheless, care will need to be exercised to ensure that any changes made will not infringe upon the basic right of all individuals.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics
Griffith Business School
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Nasif, Mahmoud Abdullah. "A Possible Framework for Analysing National Security. The Saudi Arabian Perspective." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7272.
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This study will focus on explaining the dynamics of Saudi Arabia’s national security. In explaining these dynamics, the study will consider two of Buzan’s frameworks for analysing national security. Further enhancement will be given by conceptualising specific assumptions about Saudi Arabia’s national security – these will be based on the manner in which certain features are utilised within the Saudi state. Semistructured interviews will be utilised to examine the findings from the adapted frameworks. By studying the state’s domestic, regional and international concerns, as well as the specific threats that each level pose with regards to several security sectors (including the: social, political, economic, militant and environmental), this study will provide a distinctive analysis of national security within the Saudi state. Initially, this study acknowledges that only a few studies have been conducted into Saudi Arabia’s national security; furthermore, these have focused on the internal perspective by considering Saudi national security in terms of its military and strategic partnerships. Secondly, the study proposes that Saudi Arabia is unique (and unlike any other state) as it holds various important social and religious aspects that are not fully understood by external sources. Consequently, this study conceptualises Saudi national security from the internal perspective by considering the Saudi state’s specific features.
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Al, Khalifa Abdulaziz Mohamed Hassan Ali. "Relentless warrior and shrewd tactician : Shaikh Abdullah bin Ahmad of Bahrain 1795-1849 : a case study of Shaikhly statecraft in the nineteenth century Gulf." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/12461.
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This study examines the political life of Shaikh Abdullah bin Ahmad al-Fatih Al Khalifa, the fifth ruler of the Al Khalifa dynasty and the third of that family to rule Bahrain. It is a political biography, examining the tactics used by Shaikh Abdullah and his family to fend off threats from various foes. Those tactics ranged from direct military combat, to entry into temporary protector-protégé relationships, to playing off one foe against another. His ability to employ such tactics effectively enabled him and his family to neutralize or defeat their foes. This study examines local statecraft tactics through the case study of one of the Gulf’s greatest nineteenth century statesmen. It also looks at the reasons that resulted in Shaikh Abdullah’s political downfall. Those reasons were domestic and external factors that the Shaikh seems to have either ignored or been unable to fully address. That inability and/or shortcoming in addressing those factors would have cost any Gulf ruler his rulership, not just Shaikh Abdullah, as similar aspects prevailed in the other Gulf shaikhdoms. The study examines the life of a political leader whose achievements have been played down, even neglected, by most modern historians in Bahrain and the Gulf. The reason for this neglect lies perhaps in the natural desire of the current ruling branch of the Al Khalifa family to discourage any potential future claim to the throne by the descendants of Shaikh Abdullah, who have lived in exile from Bahrain ever since Shaikh Abdullah’s overthrow in 1843.
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Emerson, Bradley E. "Maintenance trend analysis of air conditioning systems for ship operations in the Arabian Gulf." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2001/Dec/01Dec_Emerson.pdf.
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Cuttler, Richard Thorburn Howard. "Human populations and former sub-aerial landscapes of the Arabian Gulf : research and conservation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4953/.
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Between 30 and 14ka the Arabian Gulf was a river valley possibly comprising large freshwater lakes, marshland and estuaries. As a possible environmental refugia this landscape is important, particularly as prehistoric research in Arabia has yet to find any “evidence for human presence between 38 and 11ka” (Bretzke et al. 2013), poignantly at the same time as the Gulf became free of marine influence. This might suggest that attempting to piece together the jigsaw of regional prehistory without reference to the former sub-aerial Arabian Gulf landscape is to ignore a significant part of the puzzle. This research combines the results of excavations on Neolithic Littoral Gulf Ubaid sites with marine fieldwork in order to investigate late Palaeolithic/early Neolithic dispersals. This is contextualised through geomorphology, hydrology, geophysics and environmental analysis. This research has highlighted thousands of new sites in Qatar of all periods, and put in place effective methodologies for conservation and management of both the terrestrial environment and the Arabian Gulf submerged landscape. Importantly, terrestrial research has identified landscape signatures that informs research into the submerged Gulf landscape.
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Al-Rajhi, Saleh Abdullah. "The Gulf Cooperation Council states : the manifold threats and the search for security and stability maintenance in the Gulf and Arabian Peninsula." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262806.
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Alnoaimi, Ali D. "Development of Sustainability Assessment Framework for Sewerage Infrastructure Projects in the Kingdom of Bahrain." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/402266.
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Sustainable sewerage infrastructure projects are the keys in achieving sustainable development, as such infrastructure directly impacts on all sustainable development initiatives. Throughout its life cycle, a sewerage system faces a number of challenges and threats to its sustained efficiency, including the impact of ageing, aggressive environmental factors, underfunding, inadequate design, and insufficient operation and maintenance activities. These problems may lead to a rise in the risk of failure, including sewage leakage, overflow, discharge and odour issues. These issues can have significant impacts on the environment, public health and safety, the economy and the service lives of the assets, all of which will affect the sustainability of the sewerage system. Despite its importance and serious consequences, very little research has focused on assessing sustainability at the project level, and no research has assessed a sewerage system throughout its life cycle. In Bahrain, the sewerage system presents a notable variety of challenges related to environmental, economic, social and managerial issues that need to be considered in order to attain a sustainable sewerage system. The original contribution of this research is therefore, to develop a framework for assessing the sustainability of the Kingdom of Bahrain’s sewerage infrastructure projects, thereby ensuring their long-term sustainability. The sustainability-assessment framework will focus on all aspects of sustainability throughout a project’s life cycle, setting it apart from most existing frameworks that focus more on the environmental aspect than on the economic and social aspects. The framework will also support the decision-making process throughout the life cycles of the assets. It will also provide greater transparency for stakeholders. The results of this research are important in addressing shortcomings of the sewerage system in the developing counties by providing a framework for the assessment of the sustainability of sewerage projects for the Kingdom of Bahrain and throughout the Arabian Gulf region.
Throughout the research for this thesis, several methodologies were adopted to achieve research objectives, including an extensive review of the relevant literature and of the secondary data that were utilized to clarify the research problem. Then, a conceptual sustainability assessment framework was developed; this framework includes sustainability indicators to determine the sustainability of sewerage infrastructure projects. Furthermore, a mixed-methods approach was used to enhance and verify the framework. First in this approach, experts were consulted to improve the developed framework. This stage of the research resulted in the preliminary sustainability indicators that were used in the next stages of framework development. In the second part of the approach, a pilot study was conducted to improve and enrich the survey. The third part included both quantitative and qualitative data collection through an open-ended survey conducted among experts working in the development of sewerage projects in Bahrain. In the fourth part, the collected data were analysed, resulting in the identification of 43 scored sustainability indicators that led to accomplishing the development of the framework.
The developed framework has been applied to three case studies in Bahrain, thus demonstrating how it may be applied successfully. These applications outline the process of selecting indicators, identifying weights and scoring the indicators to determine the sustainability index for the different stages of sewerage projects. The decision-support system is built in line with the project life cycle and its associated six stages: 1) current sewerage system, involves identifying and understanding an existing sewerage network; 2) contextualizing a new project according to the sustainability of the wastewater collection system; 3) planning, designing and constructing, which includes addressing sustainability issues in the project; 4) operation and maintenance, which ensures sustainability performance within the project; 5) periodic assessment, which ensures continual, effective sustainability assessment; 6) rehabilitation/ upgrading, which implements the results of the sustainability assessment in the case of rehabilitation or upgrading. A multi-criteria analysis (MCA) methodology has been adopted in the framework, using sustainability criteria and indicators in assessing sewerage projects and providing a sustainability index.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Larry, Farida. "Discursive assessment practices in a special school for girls identified with a disability in one Arabic-speaking Gulf-Arabian country." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284464.
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This study examines discursive assessment practices in a special school for girls identified with a disability in an Arabian-Gulf country. The study is driven by a notable absence of research on girls with disability in the Arab world, and the need for analysing practices that shape their identities and future trajectories. To disclose the mechanisms, processes, and tools influencing the coconstruction of girls' identities by members of a multidisciplinary team, I developed an analytic framework that draws on three theories: systemic functional linguistics, critical genre analysis and sociocultural theory of discourse and identity production. The main data source is the audio-record of conversations that took place at case-conference meetings (CCMs). To describe the genre of a CCM and to disclose what went on, who was involved, and what outcomes were achieved, I constructed three narratives: 'The most relevant thing about us', 'Much ado about everything', and 'Not so great expectations'. These narratives revealed the object, goals, and the outcomes of talk. With respect to the object of talk, or the knowledge underpinning assessment practices, there was much focus on girls' diagnostic histories and scores in IQ tests; they were given a high priority and perceived as key to understanding the girls. Analysis also revealed a resistance to move beyond dichotomous thinking (i.e. girls are either trainable or educable). The goals of talk were to pass on information, to share assessment results, and to list objectives for intervention, each practitioner within her domain of expertise. This mode of passing on - rather than - discussing information and assessment results limited the prospect to benefit from the distributed knowledge of practitioners. The outcomes of talk were mediated by the two preceding discursive actions. A preoccupation with girls' medical diagnosis, and a focus on passing on rather than discussing assessment reinforced deficit thinking. Further, categories assigned to girls stood as self-fulfilling prophesies, and as predictors of girls' future performance. The space to create more positive identities was evident, however, where practitioners knew little about girls' genetic or developmental disabilities. The implications of these objectifying practices are serious with respect to Gulf-Arabian countries and to similar Muslim sociocultural contexts. Perceiving diagnosis as the absolute truth feeds fatalistic beliefs further and results in inactivity and invisibility. Implications are offered for policy and practice and for future research.
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Rivard, Jane Nathalie. "An investigation into diglossia, literacy, and tertiary-level EFL classes in the Arabian Gulf States /." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99388.
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This study investigates whether the remedial tertiary-level EFL classes in the Arabian Gulf States optimize the process of acquiring English for the majority of the students, namely the graduates of government high schools. I have endeavoured to uncover, by reference to my three years as an EFL teacher in the Gulf and the pertinent literature, why so much time and effort invested by myself and my students resulted in such a disproportionate lack of progress in reading and writing. I show how three major factors (diglossia, a linguistic trichotomy, and low literacy levels) conspire to impede students from learning to read and write in English through second language methodology and compare this situation to the one in Quebec. I conclude with two suggestions to make tertiary-level EFL classes more efficient and effective: the use of more familiar methodology and the teaching of reading and writing through a literacy framework. I also propose some longer-term solutions to deal with the linguistic trichotomy, a problem the Gulf Arabian States may wish to address if they intend to pursue the goal of providing a world-class education to their children.
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Al-Murikhi, Saif Shaheen. "Arabian Gulf trade in the medieval period (the third and fourth/ninth and tenth centuries)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500657.
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Al-Khalifa, Haifa. "The Friday mosque of the Arabian Gulf : defining its spatial and formal languages, 1975-2010." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/100085/.
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This thesis aims to understand the transformation process of the Friday mosque in the Arabian Gulf, in terms of its formal and spatial languages, within the period of 1975 to 2010. Essentially, the Arabian hypostyle mosque was the dominating architectural typology in the northern Gulf region until modern times. This traditional architectural language was transformed in many ways as a result of socio-political and economic factors subsequent to the discovery of oil in the region in the 1930s and 1940s. The transformation of the traditional Friday mosque was evident after the declaration of independence of the Arabian Gulf countries in the early 1970s, which coincided with the high revenues of oil. During this period and the decades following, the architectural discourse of the Friday mosque has express modernist influence and regional Islamic influences. This thesis provides insight into the contributing factors of these transformations and their role in shaping the contemporary Friday mosque character in the urban fabric of the Arabian Gulf cities. It investigates the vernacular and historical mosques in the region to establish the pre-existing context against which the analytical investigations of this study can be understood. The research focuses on comparative studies of the mosques of Abdel-Wahed El-Wakil, Rasem Badran, and Mohamed Makiya in the cities of Manama, Riyadh, Kuwait, and Muscat. These architects were selected owing to the significance and influence of their distinctive architectural languages based—in each case—on strongly articulated theoretical and socio-political positions. A spectrum of research approaches supports these comparative analyses, including: interviews with El-Wakil, Badran, and other significant actors; interpretative historical research; archival research; studies of the pre-oil settlements of the urban fabric of the Arabian Gulf; site visits to the representative traditional, contemporary mosque sites; and case studies sites included in the study.
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Vic, Clément. "Western Boundary Dynamics in the Arabian Sea." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0060/document.
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Le but de cette thèse est d'analyser plusieurs phénomènes de bord ouest de la Mer d'Arabie : (i) le cycle de vie d'un tourbillon de mésoéchelle persistant, le Great Whirl; (ii) la dynamique d'un écoulement d'eau dense (outflow) formée dans une mer adjacente, l'outflow du Golfe Persique; et (iii) une remontée d'eau profonde (upwelling) saisonnière dans la zone côtière d'Oman. Le point commun entre ces phénomènes est leur localisation sur un bord ouest océanique. Ils sont donc influencés par des forçages locaux (notamment les vents de mousson) et les forçages à distance (ondes de Rossby et tourbillons dérivant vers l'ouest). En particulier, ces derniers vont jouer un rôle particulier car la Mer d'Arabie est située à basses latitudes, ce qui implique une propagation rapide des ondes longues et tourbillons. De plus, des ondes sont continuellement excitées par le régime saisonnier des moussons. Nous avons mis au point des expériences numériques de différentes complexités en utilisant un modèle aux équations primitives. Ces expériences permettent soit de simuler de manière réaliste la dynamique complexe de la Mer d'Arabie, soit d'isoler un processus en particulier. Les résultats principaux peuvent se résumer comme suit : (i) le cycle de vie du Great Whirl est significativement impacté par les ondes de Rossby annuelles. Le rotationnel de la tension de vent joue un rôle important dans le maintien, le renforcement et la barotropisation du tourbillon. (ii) La dispersion de l'Eau du Golfe Persique (Persian Gulf Water, PGW) est déterminée par le mélange induit par les tourbillons de mésoéchelle. Précisément, ces tourbillons entrent dans le Golfe d'Oman (où se déverse la PGW), et interagissent avec la topographie. Ces interactions frictionnelles produisent des bandes de vorticité très intenses dans la couche limite de fond. Celles-ci sont arrachées et forment des tourbillons de sous-mésoéchelle. Ces tourbillons capturent de la PGW initialement située sur la pente continentale et la redistribuent dans le golfe d'Oman. Ce mécanisme donne finalement lieu à du mélange, permettant d'expliquer le gradient de salinité climatologique observé en profondeur. (iii) La dynamique de l'upwelling saisonnier au large d'Oman contraste fortement avec la dynamique des upwelling de bord est (Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems, EBUS). En effet, les ondes de Rossby se propagent vers le large dans les EBUS et vers la côte dans l'upwelling de bord ouest d'Oman. Ces ondes modulent la réponse en température de l'upwelling forcé par le vent.Dans l'ensemble, ces résultats sont relativement spécifiques à la Mer d'Arabie. La faible extension zonale et la basse latitude de la Mer d'Arabie, ainsi que le régime de mousson des vents saisonniers en font une région particulière. La propagation rapide des ondes et tourbillons et leurs interactions avec le bord ouest façonnent les régimes de turbulence de la Mer d'ArabieThis PhD aims to investigate some western boundary processes in the Arabian Sea : (i) the life cycle of the socalled Great Whirl, a persistent mesoscale eddy; (ii) the dynamics of the Persian Gulf outflow, a marginal sea dense outflow; and (iii) the seasonal Oman upwelling, a coastal upwelling forced by summermonsoonal winds. The cornerstone of all these phenomena is their locationat a western boundary, which makes then being influenced by both localforcing (e.g., monsoonal winds) and remote forcing (Rossby waves and wesward drifting eddies). Specifically, the later are expected to impact the western boundary dynamics since the low latitude of the Arabian Sea implies a fast westward propagation of long Rossby waves and eddies. Moreover, waves are continously excited by the reversing monsoonal winds. Based on a primitive equation model, we designed numerical experiments of different complexity that allowed to either realistically simulate the dynamics in the Arabian Sea or to isolate some processes.Major findings can be summarized as follows : (i) The Great Whirl life cycle is found to be significantly paced by annual Rossby waves, although the strong monsoonal wind stress curl is of major importance to sustain the structure. (ii) The Persian Gulf Water (PGW) spreading in the Gulf of Oman and the northern Arabian Sea can be explained by the stirring done by eddies entering the Gulf. These remotely formed surface intensifed mesoscale eddies propagate into the Gulf and interact with the topography. Frictional interactions produce intense vorticity strips at the boundary that detach and roll up in the interior, forming submesoscale coherent vortices (SCV). These SCV trap PGW initially located on the slope and redistribute it in the interior. This mechanism of transport ultimately produces mixing that explains the large-scale gradient of salinity in the gulf. (iii) We find that the dynamics of the seasonal upwelling of Oman contrasts with the more deeply studied Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS). In particular, Rossby waves, propagating offshore in EBUS vs. onshore in this western boudary upwelling, are found to modulate the wind driven upwelling and its sea surface temperature response.Overall, these results appear to be rather specific to the Arabian Sea. The short zonal extent and the low-latitude of the Arabian Sea, as well as the seasonally reversing wind forcing are the distinguishing features of this region. Fast waves and drifting eddies and their interactions with the western boundary significantly shape the turbulent regimes of the western Arabian Sea
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Al-Zaidan, Amani Salim. "Microbial mats : a source of primary production of mudflats of the north Western Arabian Gulf, Kuwait." Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248460.
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