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1
Al-Ghamri, Sami Salah Abdulla. "Industrial development in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303457.
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Asiri, Osama. "Transformation of Saudi Arabia Economic System." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2016. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/382.
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Kleemeier, Dena. "Economic Diversification in Saudi Arabia: Looking Beyond Oil." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1333.
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Saudi Arabia faces a universally acknowledged need to diversify beyond hydrocarbons. The Saudi Arabian government has outlined a strategy to achieve diversification through its Vision 2030 reform plan. Contrary to the Vision 2030 plan, the Saudi government should allow for entrepreneurs and market signals to determine diversification when considering what sectors should receive investment, with the exception of broad infrastructure investments contributing to the overall enabling environment. Government lending for private-sector investments need to have plausibly high projected rates of return, and meet minimum standards of environmental and social responsibility, requiring participation by multiple government ministries sufficiently insulated from the government.
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Fetyani, Ahmad Ali. "An economic analysis of the Saudi Arabian gas utilization system." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184509.
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The Saudi Arabian natural gas industry and its downstream activity, particularly petrochemicals, is characterized by its dependence on the country's crude oil production. This is because the main input into these industries is associated natural gas. Most of the Saudi gas-based petrochemical products are sold in international markets where their cost advantage over naphtha-based products is directly proportional to the crude oil price. The profits from Saudi natural gas and its dependent industries are influenced by two countervailing factors. The first is that of the level of crude oil production which determines the utilization level of the gas industry. The second is the international crude oil price on which the returns from petrochemicals, liquified petroleum gases and natural gasoline are directly proportional. This creates a tradeoff situation and necessitates finding a crude oil production level subject to optimizing the country's gas utilization system. A linear programming model is constructed to establish this level and to investigate possible ways to satisfy the country's future gas requirement. The results of the model indicate that the associated gas produced in conjunction with 6.78 million barrels of crude oil per day is needed to operate the gas utilization system at capacity. However, the model estimates that gas associated with a daily crude oil production level of 4.35 million barrels produces the highest returns from the system. Furthermore, to meet the country's gas requirements for 1990 and 2000, based on 4.35 million barrels per day of crude oil, the current daily nonassociated gas capacity should be expanded to 2.27 and 3.15 billion cubic feet, respectively.
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Alshami, Eman Y. "Economic Problems in Saudi Arabia: A Study on Determinants of Economic Growth and Youth Unemployment." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1524494590738421.
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Al-Yousef, Nourah AbdulRahman. "The role of Saudi Arabia in the world oil market 1974-1997." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/621/.
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Al-Ghamdi, Mohammed Said. "Socio-economic change : family and fertility in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240953.
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Hertog, Steffen. "Segmented clientelism : the politics of economic reform in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433360.
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Alsheikh, Abdulatif M. "Business incubation and economic development : a study in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2740/.
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Business incubators have proved to be effective tools for tackling unemployment. diversifying economies and creating wealth in numerous developed countries. By providing timely help and support to new ventures, business incubators hold the potential to create and develop entrepreneurial talent at the micro level and foster an environment for entrepreneurship at the macro level. Business incubation programmes represent a popular approach that many countries have used to assist new business start-ups. Saudi Arabia has struggled with unfavourable demographic tendencies with a dynamic population growth and registers a high level of unemployment, notably among students (33% of graduates) and lowskilled manpower. Also, the local economy, that has long been dependent upon the traditional "transformation industries" needs to be diversified and modernised in order to face the evergrowing fierce international and regional competition. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) constitute the majority of the Saudi business (in terms of the number of firms), yet a minority in terms of revenue. SMEs and enterprising university graduates are believed to be the motors of developing economies. A business incubation programme in theory is fit in dealing with obstacles facing SMEs and young entrepreneurs. The research attempts to determine whether the economic conditions for business incubation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are favourable to a programme of business incubation, and to suggest directions on the best ways to implement business incubation in the Kingdom. To meet this objective the study undertook a three -stage approach whereby each stage contributes to the next. The first stage was two focus groups interviews with Saudi experts, the second a series of three questionnaire surveys and the third was a case study of the first Saudi business incubator. The findings of the research indicate a relatively low level of practical business skills and business experience exhibited by Saudi graduates and the weak relationship between academia and the private sector. The links between education and business were also shown to be lacking. From the results it would seem that, any Saudi incubator programme would need to take into account these deficiencies. Poor links between academia and business Business incubators have proved to be effective tools for tackling unemployment. diversifying economies and creating wealth in numerous developed countries. By providing timely help and support to new ventures, business incubators hold the potential to create and develop entrepreneurial talent at the micro level and foster an environment for entrepreneurship at the macro level. Business incubation programmes represent a popular approach that many countries have used to assist new business start-ups. Saudi Arabia has struggled with unfavourable demographic tendencies with a dynamic population growth and registers a high level of unemployment, notably among students (33% of graduates) and lowskilled manpower. Also, the local economy, that has long been dependent upon the traditional "transformation industries" needs to be diversified and modernised in order to face the evergrowing fierce international and regional competition. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) constitute the majority of the Saudi business (in terms of the number of firms), yet a minority in terms of revenue. SMEs and enterprising university graduates are believed to be the motors of developing economies. A business incubation programme in theory is fit in dealing with obstacles facing SMEs and young entrepreneurs. The research attempts to determine whether the economic conditions for business incubation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are favourable to a programme of business incubation, and to suggest directions on the best ways to implement business incubation in the Kingdom. To meet this objective the study undertook a three -stage approach whereby each stage contributes to the next. The first stage was two focus groups interviews with Saudi experts, the second a series of three questionnaire surveys and the third was a case study of the first Saudi business incubator. The findings of the research indicate a relatively low level of practical business skills and business experience exhibited by Saudi graduates and the weak relationship between academia and the private sector. The links between education and business were also shown to be lacking. From the results it would seem that, any Saudi incubator programme would need to take into account these deficiencies. Poor links between academia and businessBusiness incubators have proved to be effective tools for tackling unemployment. diversifying economies and creating wealth in numerous developed countries. By providing timely help and support to new ventures, business incubators hold the potential to create and develop entrepreneurial talent at the micro level and foster an environment for entrepreneurship at the macro level. Business incubation programmes represent a popular approach that many countries have used to assist new business start-ups. Saudi Arabia has struggled with unfavourable demographic tendencies with a dynamic population growth and registers a high level of unemployment, notably among students (33% of graduates) and lowskilled manpower. Also, the local economy, that has long been dependent upon the traditional "transformation industries" needs to be diversified and modernised in order to face the evergrowing fierce international and regional competition. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) constitute the majority of the Saudi business (in terms of the number of firms), yet a minority in terms of revenue. SMEs and enterprising university graduates are believed to be the motors of developing economies. A business incubation programme in theory is fit in dealing with obstacles facing SMEs and young entrepreneurs. The research attempts to determine whether the economic conditions for business incubation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are favourable to a programme of business incubation, and to suggest directions on the best ways to implement business incubation in the Kingdom. To meet this objective the study undertook a three -stage approach whereby each stage contributes to the next. The first stage was two focus groups interviews with Saudi experts, the second a series of three questionnaire surveys and the third was a case study of the first Saudi business incubator. The findings of the research indicate a relatively low level of practical business skills and business experience exhibited by Saudi graduates and the weak relationship between academia and the private sector. The links between education and business were also shown to be lacking. From the results it would seem that, any Saudi incubator programme would need to take into account these deficiencies. Poor links between academia and business deprives business of the expertise and research knowledge. Furthermore, the findings showed the lack of primary tools that could enable small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to grow and develop. These include lack of funds and credit options, and poor networking. Thus. incubators could have the potential to provide an improvement to the Saudi SMEs. The research shows that numerous business incubation criteria are met in Saudi Arabia and that the Jeddah Business Incubator has been a success. However, important shortfalls are identified, e.g. the unsatisfactory university-business cooperation, deficiencies in the curriculum and the lack of knowledge of the support for SMEs that could be obtained in Saudi Arabia. Most of the findings of this study are consistent with the previous body of research in this subject. Based on the study results, it is proposed that; more effort should be exerted on softer services such as networking; academics business links (closer interactions between academic research and industry) relative to the provision of physical space and hard infrastructure. In addition, there should be a clear focus on economic and business development goals, continuing relationships with external funding agencies will also be required. Incubators will need to be a source of direct funding for tenants firms. Furthermore, the business incubator has to market itself, and has to use the media in order to create an attractive images of it self.
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Alsakran, Abdullah. "Non oil exports finance and economic development in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9491.
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Oil is an important part of the Saudi economy. With the volatility of oil prices and the pressing needs of economic growth and development, the Saudi Arabian government has planned to diversify its sources of income. To this end, the majority of effort has focused on developing the non-oil export sectors, particularly in manufacturing. Despite government efforts to enhance the ratio of non-oil export to total exports, it remains weak, amounting to 15 per cent of total exports in 2010 (which compares unfavourably with the average for other Middle East and North Africa countries (MENA) which stood between 30-46 per cent in 2010). This research aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of non-oil exports and their financing in Saudi Arabia. This study uses unique, primary data, collected through a custom designed questionnaire and a unique sample of Saudi exports. There is currently no comparable database for Saudi firms, or for other MENA countries trying to engage in export diversification strategies. This dissertation comprises three main empirical parts which are; ownership structure and operations, finance, and business climate, respectively (chapters 3, 4 and 5). In the first, the econometric analysis shows multiple factors have a significant positive impact on export intensity, including: whether the firm is shareholding, the age of the firm, internationally and locally recognised quality certificate, length of export experience, supplies of domestic origin, independent retail stores, TV or radio advertising, a foreign language website and finally an export marketing plan. Regarding the impact of financial factors on exports at firm level, the econometric analysis showed that younger firms are more likely to be credit-constrained than older firms. Finally, this dissertation provides evidence of the relationship between the business environment, competition and firm’s exports. The main findings show that firm performance, measured as intensity of exports, is boosted by an increase in experience of export and hindered by a high level of labour, competition, custom and trade regulation, and the informal sector.
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Aldagheiri, Mohammed Ibrahim. "Economic diversification in resource abundant economies : the case of the minerals industry in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30419.
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The macro-economy of Saudi Arabia has been dominated by oil exports which between 1970 and 1995 accounted for more than 85 percent of total export earnings. Due to the fact that oil is an exhaustible resource, the price of which fluctuates considerably, and is produced in an enclave economy, the Saudi Arabian government had recognized the need to diversity their economy away from oil as the main source of income. Since the oil price crashed, in 1986, the Saudi Arabian government has adopted a new policy to develop non-oil sectors, such as manufacturing, agriculture and more recently, non-oil minerals. This study focuses on the minerals sector in Saudi Arabia which is considered one of the economic activities which has already started to achieve the strategic goal of economic diversification away from oil activities as the main source of national income. Considerable attention has been paid to the large reserves of strategic minerals that have been found such as, phosphate and bauxite. Mining has been embraced by the Saudi government not only to diversify the national economy, but also to stimulate the economy, generate employment opportunities, attract foreign capital, and encourage citizens to invest their money. Therefore, an exploitation of these minerals requires a high demand for transportation infrastructure, the provision of which has become a necessity. The development of transportation infrastructure plays an important role in the economic development of a country, and therefore the railway is considered an economic lifeline for minerals development in the Kingdom, as it will facilitate the transport of raw materials and provide mobility for workers to reach the work place and products to the market place. Moreover, it should facilitate the diversification of the national economy and has the potential to be a powerful instrument in promoting long-term growth and employment.
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Al-Muajel, Abdullah Abdulaziz. "The role of the government incentives policy in the development of the private sector in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35390.
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Government, in Saudi Arabia, has been the dominant sector in the economy. Funded by high revenues from oil and pressed by the need for economic development at a time when a vigorous indigenous private sector was virtually nonexistent, the government found itself, willingly or unwillingly, at the center of the development process, as a planner and implementer. The government's interest in achieving a diversified economy, which does not depend solely on the oil sector, has led to the introduction of many types of incentives such as, procurement, subsidies, concessionary loans, and awarding of infrastructure contracts. The aim of these incentives has been to stimulate and improve private sector investment. It can be said that the private sector in Saudi Arabia has developed much more after the provision of the incentives, particularly in the agriculture sector. Nonetheless, no study has been made to evaluate these incentives and find out their role in the development of the private sector. Thus, this study aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the incentives policy in Saudi Arabia and to evaluate its impact on the development of the private sector, which is the target sector. The methodology adopted in this study has involved three aspects of research : a) Theoretical aspect: this involves reviewing the theoretical side of the relationship between the incentives policy and the desired economic objectives. b) Field research aspect: this involves designing a questionnaire and an interview directed to the private sector's establishments and businessmen, respectively. c) Regression aspect: a time-series regression analysis concerning the impact of government expenditures, in general, and the incentives, in particular, on the private sector investment and output, has been carried out.
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Al-Babtein, Ahmed. "Saudi Arabia and United States Multinationals: A Partnership in Economic Development." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500349/.
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This study has been primarily concerned with the pattern of economic development and the role of the multinational corporations (MNC's) in that process in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Two contrasting theoretical frameworks were adopted to assess the pattern of economic development followed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 1970 through 1983. The first theoretical perspective is the neoclassical approach to economic development which postulates that the productive resources at the disposal of a country and the institutions developed to guide the prudent use of them are paramount to a balanced development. On the other hand, Hymer's contrasting perspective is based on the Law of Uneven Development. Essentially, Hymer claimed that inequality is built into the growth mechanisms of the present day world capitalist economic system that shapes the international economy through the agency of the multinational corporations. Therefore, any involvement by the MNC's is necessarily hierarchical, and characterized by dominance and dependence as well as wealth and poverty, particularly between the industrial countries of Western Europe and North America and the less developed countries in the Third World societies. Ironically, the Saudi Arabian case shows that Hymer's Law of Uneven Development is questionable. First, instead of the location of a country in the international economic system as the determinant of high standards and even development, the natural endowment translated into surplus capital must be viewed as the key to that process. Second, Saudi Arabian surplus capital was aided by foreign technologies, especially from multinationals based in the United States. In this connection, the MNC's played a positive role through their supplies of skilled manpower and efficient technologies to transform the desert of Saudi Arabia into a world class center of modern infrastructures and industrial complexes. Thus, the intervention of the multinationals in Saudi Arabian economic development has led to a situation of shared benefits; in which the interests of both the host country and the transnational enterprises have been well served. Finally, the Saudi Arabian experience demonstrates that it is possible for the parent country, the host country and the multinationals as parties to the investment process to adjust to each other with mutual trust instead of conflict and confrontation which had characterized many Third World countries' and multinationals' dealings in recent years.
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Al-Malki, Abdullah M. "Financial development and economic growth in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Swansea University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678511.
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Al-Teraiki, Ahmed B. M. "A macroeconometric model of Saudi Arabia for economic stabilisation and forecasting." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7286.
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The purpose of this study is to construct a macroeconometric model for the Saudi Arabian economy in order to assess the effects of external shocks through such variables as the price of (oil) exports, real (oil) exports, and the price of imports. This model follows the methodology of the aggregate demand and supply. Due to the absence of interest rates, the formulation of the aggregate demand, following the monetary approach to the income determination, is done by combining the equations from the monetary sector in addition to the government and foreign sectors of the economy. The aggregate supply side of the economy is formulated by combining the equations from the oil and non-oil production sectors. The model determines the behaviours of such important endogenous variables as the real absorptive capacity, real oil and non-oil GDP, real imports, velocity of money, money supply, balance of payments, government oil and non-oil revenues, government expenditure, government deficit, and non-oil GDP and general price inflation rates. The estimated model satisfactorily simulates the reality of the economy for the estimation period of 1971-1994. This, therefore, justifies the use of the model for both multiplier and scenario analyses. The multiplier analysis evaluates the cffects of a 10% change in the price of (oil) exports, real (oil) exports, and the price of imports on the endogenous variables. The scenario analysis, however, examines the behaviours of the endogenous variables for 1999-2005 based on several scenarios on the price of (oil) exports, real (oil) exports, and the price of imports. Concentrating on three sets of scenarios corresponding to low, moderate, and high level of oil prices, our study concludes that a sound economy into the next century requires more aggressive privatisation policies. That is, the government policies should drastically limit the government expenditure and, instead, encourage the private sector to invest and participate more aggressively in the economic development projects.
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Al-Obaid, Hussain M. A. "Rapidly changing economic environments and the Wagner's Law the case of Saudi Arabia /." Access citation, abstract and download form; downloadable file 11.14 Mb, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3131650.
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Al-Thumairi, Imtithal A. "Economic reforms in Saudi Arabia : results from a dynamic general equilibrium analysis." Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538634.
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Abaalkhail, Faris A. "Oil revenues and strategies for economic development: the case of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405449.
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Alzead, Ramzi Suliman. "The determinants and economic consequences of risk disclosure : evidence from Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2017. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-determinants-and-economic-consequences-of-risk-disclosure(781d6a77-7f9c-419b-9cbb-efd38e40caac).html.
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This study makes a valuable contribution to the existing literature on corporate risk disclosure (RD)in emerging economies with a focus on the Saudi Arabian economy in the context of the Middle East. The vast majority of previous RD literature has placed emphasis on the context of developed nations. This study undertakes a detailed analysis of RD practices by adopting a quantitative approach for the collection and analysis of datasets using a sample of non-financial firms listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawal) over the period 2010 to 2014. The measurement of risk reporting is thus based on a manual content analysis technique, regression analysis models are used to identify the factors that affect risk reporting, and the value of firms in the stock market were measured using the Tobin's Q valuation model. Regression analysis is used to examine the impact,if any, of risk reporting on the value of the firms in the sample. The data gathered shows that the average RD level among all the samples is 17%. The result of the examination of the effect of the corporate governance mechanisms on risk disclosure shows that, of board related characteristics,board size and independent directors are negatively related to a statistically significant degree. Auditor type is positively statistically significant at the 1% level, and governmental ownership is negatively associated with RD to a statistically significant degree at the 1% level. The result of the examination of the impact of RD on firm value shows that the relationship between RD and firm value (as measured by TQ) is found to be negatively statistically significant.
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Alkenaidari, Abdullah. "Moving toward energy efficient buildings: A growing economic challenge for Saudi Arabia." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1563271864341021.
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Ageli, Mohammed Moosa O. "Modelling government expenditures and economic growth nexus in Saudi Arabia, 1968-2010." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3534/.
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Economic growth and development remains an important policy issue for most of the states in the world, which is a particular issue for late developing countries, as they have very much relied on ‘state’ for economic growth and development. As a result, the experience in the 20th century demonstrates a secular increase in the growth of government expenditures all over the world. Hence, the role of government expenditures in contributing to long run economic growth continues to be an important topic and the subject of much debate. Saudi Arabia economy is one of late developing countries. While its economy is characterised by an open and private economy, the government remains to have a large role in the economy through its expenditures financed largely by revenues generated from oil. While the Saudi economy has grown and developed, the government has also responded to the increased demand for social services such as education and healthcare in addition to other infrastructure investments for development purpose. Therefore, the process of economic growth and development has resulted in growth of government expenditures. This research, thus, aims at modelling of government expenditures and economic growth nexus in the case o Saudi Arabia for the period of 1968-2010 by testing a number of models developed in the literature: Wagner’s Law, Keynesian Relations and Peacock and Wiseman’s Displacement Effect. The analysis modelled within the time series econometric techniques including co-integration test, Granger causality test and the error correction model (ECM). The findings obtained from the analyses find that the Wagnerian proposition can explain the growth of government in Saudi Arabia, which holds for both the oil and non-oil income cases. The result indicates the existence of strong feedback causality for all the versions of Wagner’s law in the long run. The findings also note that the three versions of Keynesian Relations found to be held for both general income and non-oil income in the case of Saudi Arabia. In addition, the findings also support for the Displacement Effect mainly due to international political developments and trends in oil prices, as such events resulted deviation from the linear growth in the government expenditures over the average growth and it is observed that government expenditure growth continued its gradual growth from the new level. This study, thus, concludes that growing economic activity of the state has marked the Saudi Arabian economy over the period in question. While this partly can be explained due to economic reasons such as the need for economic development and responding to the demands of a growing population, but also the rentier economy nature of the Saudi political economy necessitates increasing government expenditures for political stability.
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FOZAN, MOHAMMED NASSER. "INTEREST-FREE LOANS USED BY THE SAUDI GOVERNMENT AS A TRANSFER MECHANISM OF OIL REVENUE TO THE PRIVATE SECTOR (SAUDI ARABIA)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188183.
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Prior to 1970 the Saudi Government faced severe socioeconomic problems two of which were: (1) the contribution of the private sector to the Gross Domestic Product was low, and (2) the oil revenues were the main source of the national income. As the oil revenues rapidly increased between 1972 and 1981, the government used every means at its disposal to encourage the private sector. The goal was to diversify the sources of national income in order to decrease the dependency on oil revenues as the main source of national income. To achieve this the government has provided interest-free loans to the private sector which, along with the demand, has increased the gross domestic fixed capital formation of the private sector. The purpose of this study was to theoretically explain the phenomenal expansion of the private sector. Three models were developed from the least to the most difficult. The main principle of the models is that the expansion of the private sector is stimulated because of the low cost of capital in Saudi Arabia. Since oil revenues (the main source of government expenditures) have decreased in recent years questions have been raised concerning the ability of the private sector to support the economy. It is argued that the demand of national and international markets will increase in the future, thus allowing the private sector to expand further. Even though the cost of capital will increase, Saudi companies will be able to compete either nationally or internationally. In addition, the competitiveness of the Saudi capital market may increase which will, in turn, benefit the Saudi economy.
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Hassan, Abdullah A. "The depletion theory of exhaustible resources : a case study of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35492.
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The overall aim of this study is to examine the optimal depletion policy for Saudi crude oil in the light of its impact on the economic process and the absorptive capacity of the country in order to judge to what extent the rate of oil depletion is optimal. This, of course, raises a question about the future of the Saudi economy after the oil has been depleted and entails some policy implications. In order to achieve the main objective, it is useful to examine the depletion theory in general and the depletion of oil in particular with its application to the Saudi economy through the estimation of the government's goal function. A non-linear regression model and a discount form of a dynamic recursive linear model will be used to estimate the future demand for Saudi crude oil. A price leadership model will be presented when discussion is to be made about the structure of the oil market. The impact of oil revenue on the Saudi economy will also be discussed to point out the importance of oil revenue on economic planning and foreign exchange earnings. Finally a macroeconomic model will be presented to measure the impact of oil depletion and its subsequent revenue on the Saudi absorptive capacity. A summary and some concluding remarks will then follow.
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Alkhtani, Sultan S. "The relevance of international financial reporting standards to Saudi Arabia : stakeholder perspectives." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2415.
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This thesis investigates the suitability of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) for Saudi Arabia by examining the perceptions of accounting users and preparers. It explores the information needs of the main users of accounting, the factors that represent barriers to the adoption of IFRSs, and the costs and benefits of the adoption of IFRSs. The study compares Saudi Accounting Standards (SASs) and IFRSs. In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted and semi-structured interviews were carried out to examine the issues in greater depth in order to answer the research questions. The political nature of accounting standards is investigated, as well as theories of accountability and decision usefulness in order to interpret the results and explore to what extent and in what manner these frameworks function in the Saudi environment. The Islamic accountability framework would suggest that companies represented by owners and managers are accountable to their stakeholders’ interests, and owners and managers must protect those interests and disclose everything that may help them to discharge their accountability. However, the findings presented in this thesis suggest that practice of the Islamic accountability framework is limited. The influence of religious factors on the accounting system is limited in some cases as there is inadequate disclosure and transparency, such as a lack of information required for Sharia compliance; this affects users’ ability to make decisions. The results also reveal some evidence that accounting standard setting is dominated by political (rather than ‘user-needs’) considerations. Furthermore, economic factors override social and cultural factors, including religion, in terms of their influence on the accounting system. The results suggest inter alia that religious factors will not represent a barrier to the use of other standards such as IFRSs. The findings suggest that the adoption of IFRSs would contribute to enhancing the quality of financial reporting. The results also reveal that financial reporting prepared on the basis of IFRSs provides more of the information required for decision-making. The results also suggest that there is, to some extent, agreement among participants as to the suitability of IFRSs to Saudi Arabia, and that their benefits would eventually overcome the difficulties and problems that may arise from their adoption, although it is still be necessary to consider certain specific requirements, such as those related to Sharia law.
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Almetair, Amer Nasser. "The impact of socio-economic change on Saudi urban transportation, eastern region : female transportation." Thesis, Durham University, 1987. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1692/.
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Alkhalaf, Abdulrahman A. "Hardheaded & softhearted : an optimal oil depletion policy for economic sustainability in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2018. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/452004a2-ff91-452e-ac45-605f3ec5f497.
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The literature focusing on the resource-curse commonly characterize oil-rich economies as weak and fragile. These literatures encourage diversification 'away' from oil in order to develop the economies, however, they often overlook the path for development. In contrast to this broad aim, this research bids to develop the economy 'based on' oil using Saudi Arabia as case study that can be valuable to similar resource-rich economies. The research seeks to understand how public policymaking can be used as a path to sustainable economy. It employs concepts of economic theory to design an optimal oil depletion policy framework that normatively geared towards achieving sustainable economic outcome. Sustainable economy is that simply beyond what often gauged by the GDP, an economy that is focused on long-term value creation that can shield the country against market upsets. The policy framework is grounded on economic sustainability, political economy, and the role of institutions and policymaking in managing resource-rich economies. As a result, the methodology under Normative Policy Analysis Framework was devised to outline the oil depletion policy model which will also be practically useful to propose, develop, and analyze other normative policies. The methodology also helped in identifying the specific parameters influencing the oil depletion policy in Saudi Arabia and conceivably in other oil-rich economies. As the sustainable economic welfare is, by definition, at the heart of policymaking, government intervention through effective policymaking and strong institutions plays an active role in managing market distortions, promote socioeconomic welfare, and achieve sustainability. Saudi Arabia should employ the optimal oil depletion policy to steer the economy through the sustainable path by leveraging on its national comparative advantage underpinned by resource endowment. The research also revealed that, Saudi Arabia should optimally balance between endogenous and exogenous variables in crafting its oil policy. This should lead the path to economic diversification and enable the country to wean itself from oil-dependence, disengage from in rent-seeking activities, and shift to long-term sustainable development objectives implied by development-led depletion model.
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algowear, almestneer Raed Ali. "ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION: THE CASE OF SAUDI ARABIA WITH REFERENCE TO RICH NATURAL RESOURCE COUNTRIES." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1516.
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The first chapter aims at investigating the factors that might reduce the Saudi Arabia’s dependence on Crude oil as the only source of income and therefore diversifying its source of revenue. The research will achieve this by constructing the first tailored diversification model of the Saudi Arabian Economy. The aim of second chapter is to ascertain the sectors that are either positively or negatively influenced or affected the most by trade liberalization or the openness of trade. Knowing this we provide more rationale in designing the Kingdom’s trade policies and one step forward to diversify the Saudi’s economy by stimulating those non-oil sectors through trade openness. Furthermore, through this analysis we could determine the economic sectors that might be negatively affected by trade openness. Therefore, imposing more protective trade policies that reduce trade liberalization on those negatively affected sectors. The third chapter’s objective is to confirm whether rich natural resource countries adapt the same non- parametric estimation results produced by Imb & Wacziarg (2003). Indeed, it will be interesting to investigate whether natural resource countries will have a u shape relationship between their level of diversification and their per capita revenue as it has been estimated and observe d by Imbs &Wacziarg (2003).
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Hamid, Adil A. (Adil Abdelaziz). "Perceptions of the Sudanese Professional Working in Saudi Arabia on Migration and Economic Development of the Sudan." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330989/.
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The brain drain emerged as a phenomenon in the Sudan in the early 1970's when a change in the political system was followed by a change in the economic situation. The oil price increases created a dynamic process that led to attractive employment conditions in the petroleum producing countries such as Saudi Arabia and to depressed economic conditions in the developing countries like the Sudan. The purposes of the study are to (a) obtain information on the Sudanese professionals working in Saudi Arabia, (b) determine what major factors influence their migration, and (c) to develop policy recommendations on the flow of migration from the Sudan. The population of this study were Sudanese professionals living in Saudi Arabia. Data were generated through surveying a sample of 300 subjects selected randomly from the defined population. A survey questionnaire based on the research questions was developed for this study. Data from 263 respondents were analyzed. The findings of the study suggest that the majority of the Sudanese professionals working in Saudi Arabia are male, between 30 to 40 years of age. They have many years of experience and a high level of qualifications. The factors that led to their migration are: (a) high cost of living in the Sudan, (b) low salary, (c) money shortage, (d) high cost of housing, (e) little opportunity for advancement, and (f) shortage of basic necessities. It is realized that migration has costs and benefits for the Sudan. Government policies should be directed to maximize the benefits and minimize the costs. It is recommended that the government should adopt policies to regulate migration and assure the Sudanese expatriates of the efficient execution of these policies, attract their remittances through exemption and facilities, and work toward eliminating or reducing the causes of migration.
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Khalofa, Said Ahmed M. "An Economic Analysis of Foreign Assets, Money Supply, and Inflation in Saudi Arabia, 1963-83." DigitalCommons@USU, 1985. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4114.
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Until the discovery of oil in Saudi Arabia, the West knew very little about the economic aspects of the country. Since then, foreign assets have grown , and the balance of payment of Saudi Arabia have reflected an accumulation of continuously rising surpluses, particularly after 1973. Real income increased and consequentIy, supply and demand for money increased.
During the period 1974-77, the Saudi economy experienced a high rate of inflation, but during the subsequent years (the late 1970s and the early 1980s) the Saudi inflation rate began declining.
The main objective of the present study is to conduct an empirical investigation analyzing the interrelationships among foreign assets, money supply, and the domestic inflation in Saudi Arabia utilizing a modeI incorporating traded and non-traded goods.
The theoretical model produces the final two equations where inflation generated in the non-traded goods sector and the overall domestic inflation represent the dependent variables, while the rate of change in the excess supply of money, world inflation, and the rate of change in last years inflation represent the explanatory variables for both dependent variabIes.
The empirical analysis reveals no significant relationship between the behavior of the excess supply of money and the behavior of inflation in Saudi Arabian economy during the entire period of study (1963-83). It indicates that neither money supply nor foreign assets has played an active role in determining the behavior of domestic inflation in the Saudi Arabian economy.
A strong relationship has been found between the inflationary expectations of the pubIic and the inflation generated in the non-traded goods sector. During the period (1963-72) imported inflation explained significantly the overall domestic inflation. But this is not so for the second period (1973-83) of study, even though inflation peaked during 1974-77. Furthermore, no structural shift in the economy occurred between these two sub-periods.
The causality test conducted confirms the empirical results where no unidirectional causality existed between the overall domestic inflation rate and the excess supply of money. However, a positive causality has been found between the world inflation rate and the Saudi overalI domestic inflation rate.
Another unidirectional causality from inflation generated in the nontradable sector to the overalI domestic inflation rate has been found. Finally, the implications of the results are discussed .
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Al-Hegbani, Abdullah Abdulaziz. "Physical and economic factors and their effects on development of solar energy in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1993. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2744/.
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The search for alternative energy resources began early in this century after the discovery of crude oil, but in 1973, when crude oil prices dramatically increased, the search for new energy sources intensified. The conservation of oil consumption, mainly in industrial countries has been more strictly applied, due to the limited quantities of fossil fuels, especially crude oil which is expected to be depleted within the next few decades. Moreover, the increasing level of air pollution and its severe consequences on human, animal, and plant life and climate, has forced the world to try to reduce air pollution emissions in the short-run, and to search for more reliable, renewable energy resources. Amongst renewable energy resources, solar energy has attracted much attention due to its unique characteristics, including its wide availability in huge quantities, particularly at the middle latitudes, its relatively simple harnessing compared with nuclear energy, and most importantly, its clean source which does not discharge any pollution emission. The intensity of solar radiation in Saudi Arabia reaches an average of 290 wm-2, one of the highest insolation values in the world. Here attention has been focused on solar energy as the main alternative sources of power. However, there is a great variation in the distribution of incoming solar radiation within Saudi Arabia. This variation is attributed mainly to six major factors. They include the following: 1. Sunshine duration 2. Insolation index 3. Altitude of the station 4. Specific humidity 5. Cloud cover, and 6. Dust storms. In order to measure the effect of each factor mentioned above on the variation of incoming solar radiation, a multiple linear regression model is developed and used. This is the most appropriate method to explain the interrelationships between the determinants and their dependent variable. In addition to the physical factors, the human factor is considered in this thesis as a result of the crucial effect of the perspectives and attitudes of people upon solar energy development. Therefore, a questionnaire was conducted at Al-Uyaynah Village, northwest of Riyadh, which has a solar-generated electricity in Saudi Arabia.
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Al-Attas, Abdullah M. "The role of the non-oil minerals sector in the economic growth of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/760/.
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The macroeconomy of Saudi Arabia has been dominated by oil exports which between 1970 and 1995 accounted for more than 85% of total export earnings. Due to the fact that oil is an exhaustible resource, the price of which fluctuates considerably, and is produced in an enclave economy, the Saudi Arabian government had recognised the needs to diversify their economy away from oil as the main source of income. Since the oil price crashed in 1986, the Saudi Arabian government has adopted a new policy to develop non-oil sectors, such as manufacturing, agriculture and more recently, non-oil minerals. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the contribution of the non-oil minerals sector to the economic growth of Saudi Arabia during the period 1970-1995, using three different approaches. These approaches are the export portfolio approach, the input-output approach and the Dutch disease approach. The empirical findings of this study show the following: 1. A non-oil export portfolio analysis provided guidance to the Saudi Arabian planners who seek simultaneously to reduce export earnings instability and achieve economic growth. An increase in the volume of machinery and transport equipment commodities could produce an optimum portfolio due to both price trends and stability of price over time. Other exports, including non-oil mineral commodities, are unstable and have relatively negative price trends. 2. Even though preliminary results indicate that the non-oil minerals sector has a relatively low integration with other sectors, when the impact of inducing final demand is taken into account, this sector shows the highest income and the second highest employment multipliers. These results indicate that if this sector were to be stimulated by increasing final demand, it may well generate more income and employment than other sectors. Therefore, the application of an input-output approach was extended further to estimate the impact of three new promising nonoil mineral projects on the Saudi Arabian economy. Moreover, the construction and operation phase's multipliers reflect the potential of the non-oil minerals sector. 3 With regard to the effect of a boom in one sector of the economy on the rest of the sectors, the oil sector boom in the 1970s in the case of Saudi Arabia conforms very closely with the assumptions of the Dutch disease theory.
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Algahtani, Ali Hussain. "Leadership personality, power, and economic interdependence panel data analysis of the foreign policy behavior between Saudi Arabia and the United States from 1965 to 2005 /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5392.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 178 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 160-178).
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Alghamedi, Ahmed Misfer A. "Assessing the impact of stock market development on economic growth in Saudi Arabia : an empirical analysis." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6367/.
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The relationship between stock market development and economic growth has long been a significant subject of debate. Some argue that a well-functioning stock market can have an accelerating effect on economic growth by channelling more savings to investment and enhancing capital productivity through the efficient allocation of resources. In contrast, others hold that stock market development has little relevance to real economic activity or even that may be harmful to the economy. The majority of empirical studies on this topic focus on advanced markets and developed emerging markets, and no major study exists for markets in petroleum-based economies, such as Saudi Arabia. This research therefore aims to conduct an empirical analysis of the overlooked role of stock market development in the economic growth process in the case of Saudi Arabia; thereby it aims to examine the effect of stock market development on economic growth in Saudi Arabia. In order to achieve the research aim, a mixed method approach is taken, combining quantitative and qualitative methods to enhance the study’s validity and reliability. In the initial empirical chapter, time-series econometric analysis is utilised to measure the nexus between economic growth and stock market. After treating the data for time series features, the OLS regression analysis showed the market capitalisation (LNMC) variable was statistically significant in all of the results presented. In addition, the number of shares traded (LNNST) was found to be significant in all of the results, except in the non-oil PSGDP model. These results indicate that the Saudi economy in general still relies on oil revenues and fiscal policies. As part of the econometric analysis, the results of the Granger causality analysis produced inconclusive results, which revealed that the government plays an active role in the economy and intervenes when the macro-economic performance does not achieve the desired results. These interventions seem to be situational rather than long-term and structural. The causal relationships from the independent variables of the financial markets weakened, when the influence of the oil revenues was removed from the equation, suggesting that the Saudi financial markets still rely heavily on oil revenues. Finally, the results of Error Correction Model or ECM with all the models for GDP showed that there is a bi-directional causality that runs from GDP, NOGDP, NOPSGDP, GFC and NOGFC to MCR, and to NST. The Error Correction Model of ECt-1 shows that the significant results indicate the speed of adjustment to the long-run equilibrium, and reveal the direction of causality. Secondly, in an attempt to provide qualitative meaning to the results, eighteen interviews were conducted with respondents closely linked to the stock market, in order to elicit their opinions. These interviews complemented the empirical work and added better understanding to the study’s findings. The analysis of the interviews shows that the Saudi stock market is an emerging market, which has undergone several stages of development. Some of the interviewees were optimistic, believing that movements of stock market prices over the next five years may be more stable as a result of the strength of the Saudi economy. Those with an optimistic outlook saw more stability, improvement and profits, while those with a more pessimistic outlook foresaw more volatility, fluctuations and losses.
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Althabt, Abdullah Ahmed. "The role of regional development policies in local economic development : the case of Arriyadh, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2228.
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This research was initially concerned with the delivery of balanced development to localities from central development planning and strategies. The scope of the study targeted the regional level as a medium that may facilitate the delivery of development, and as an instrument for national development planning to reach localities. The aim of the research was to make recommendations on optimizing regional instruments for the spatial allocation of development resources in Saudi Arabia. The research is centred on Saudi Arabia. The critical studies of spatial development in this country have revealed the current situation, of a central planning system that is organized in a governance structure that assigns to regional bodies the basic role of progressing socioeconomic development. The studies are in almost complete agreement regarding the absence of an active role for regional planning, which is supposed to complement national policies and allow them to be delivered to localities. This has confirmed the need for in-depth investigation into the role of regional level intervention in facilitating local development. Intellectual studies undertaken have been based on regional development theories as well as regional development planning and policy. These studies formulated a conceptual framework for the research, which has emphasized the necessity of detailing the enquiry on regional development to be inclusive and to reflect actual local conditions. This includes the setting of factors for local economic production and the platform upon which the processes of development take place. They should be arranged to allow for the outcomes of economic development to reach all spaces and utilising all sectors, which takes place through the governance system. Accordingly this research has included an empirical enquiry, with interviews to gather detailed information regarding the practice of development in the field and to uncover the difficulties and deficiencies as perceived by the practitioners. The interviewees comprised key officials of the main governance and development institutions on national, regional and local levels. Arriyadh region was selected for this mission, including the Almajmaah County as representative of its localities. The study has produced results around two major foci: the first studying and analysing the current establishment and instruments for delivering regional development policies, the second exploring the institutional structures through which the available development resources are utilised in the planning system and activities: currently and prospectively. The results have revealed a lack of coherence in the governance system which has led to the disintegration of the institutional network in the country. The governance structure appears to lack the balanced distribution of devolution, administratively and financially. It also ignores the development of human resources in a way that reflects real needs and intended outcomes. Thus, the research confirms the need for a more coherent institutional arrangement at each spatial level and on the governance structure existing between the various spatial levels, while remaining consistent with the political system. The end result should be more autonomy for regional authorities, while maintaining national consistency.
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Peterson, Diane Michelle 1960. "The Arab Gulf: Indicators of economic dependence on migrant communities." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291485.
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Following the 1973 rise in the price of oil, the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations of the Middle East became hosts to hundreds of thousands of foreign workers taking part in the economic development of the region. From the beginning, the employment of migrant workers was seen as a temporary measure, necessary to compensate for the small indigenous populations in the Gulf. The numbers of foreign workers has become so great, that the migrants now constitute a majority of the population in several of the GCC countries. The relative permanence with which foreign workers have now established themselves is of great concern to the host governments. It appears that the insufficient skill-levels and sizes of the national workforces, together with the position the extensive and growing migrant communities hold in the growing Gulf economies point to the continued presence of large foreign populations for some time to come.
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Al-Rajhi, Khalid Sulaiman. "The effects of brands and country of origin on consumers' buying intention in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Thesis restricted. Connect to e-thesis to view abstract, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/597/.
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Al-Hammad, A. A. "A study of the Saudi Arabian market for selected imported manufactured goods : An economic, cultural and attitudinal analysis with particular reference to UK suppliers." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381013.
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Nahari, Ahmed Al. "The agricultural sector, socio-economic changes and agricultural policy in Saudi Arabia with special reference to Tihamah." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387117.
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Al-Asmari, Mushabab Gharamah. "Socio-cultural economic factors influencing Saudi nationals' involvement in the industrial and vocational sectors in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Hull, 2001. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5404.
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Some industrial and vocational jobs, in many parts of Saudi society, are still disdained and not accepted as steady work and there is an obvious lack of Saudi nationals' participation in the labour force in the industrial and vocational sectors. This study, therefore, investigates this phenomenon and some socio-cultural and economic factors behind it. The broad objectives of this research were to investigate social acceptance of industrial and vocational work, the difference between Saudi youths and their fathers in perceptions of this kind of work and the relationship between socio-cultural and economic factors and acceptance of industrial and vocational work in Saudi Arabia's South Province. Data collection for the study was carried out using two methods: questionnaire, and semi-structured interview. A sample of 200 final year secondary school students and 200 fathers of the secondary school students, representing heads of households, in the Asir province, responded to self-administered questionnaires. A sample of 30 interviewees was selected, representing three groups: secondary school head teachers, directors and administrators of some government and educational sectors, and managers of private sector companies and factories providing industrial and vocational work in Asir Province Descriptive statistics are presented regarding the major characteristics occupational background and experience of the respondents, and their involvement in industrial and vocational work. Statistical tests were used to analyse the factors influencing Saudi nationals' involvement in industrial and vocational sectors and the difference between students and fathers in relation to this issue. The interviews provide complementary qualitative data which shed further light on the issues raised by the questionnaire responses. The main findings of the study were that industrial and vocational work and manual work are generally accorded low acceptance, status, and social value in Saudi society. Consequently, the majority of respondents and their families showed very negative attitudes towards vocational and industrial work and greater preference for other occupations, especially clerical work, the military, teaching, medicine, and so on. The results, also, revealed that no there is great difference between students and fathers in their acceptance of involvement in I&V sectors. The most influential factors behind these results were: the low social value and status given to industrial and vocational work; the influence of family, tribe, relatives and personal relationships upon Saudi nationals in relation to their education and their choice of work, especially related to the I&V sector; the gap between general education and I&V education, training and work; the prevailing view that governmental posts offer the best kind of work; dependence on foreign labour; and Saudi nationals lack of awareness about future job opportunities in the private sectors and the situation of the labour market generally. The study concludes with recommendations which, it is hoped, would contribute to improve the attitudes of Saudi nationals towards industrial and vocational sectors. Suggestions are also made for further research to address the issue of acceptance of industrial and vocational work and related influencing factors.
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Al-Rehaily, Awad Salamah Fayez. "The evolution of accounting in Saudi Arabia : a study of its relevance to the social and economic environment." Thesis, University of Hull, 1992. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4585.
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The need to study the evolution of accounting in its environmental setting in developing countries is increasingly recognised in the literature. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the evolution and status of accounting systems in developing countries, with particular reference to the Saudi Arabian environment. It attempts to highlight the main shortcomings in each component of the accounting system (education, profession, enterprise, government and national accounting) and to put forward suggestions and recommendations for improvement which reflect the socioeconomic development needs. The study has shown that Saudi Arabia is a developing country which has adopted a comprehensive development planning approach as its vehicle towards growth and socio-economic development, and its accounting system should serve this objective. In effect, however, the prevailing accounting system and practice in Saudi Arabia, including the recent developments, are based on the Anglo-Saxon accounting system, which is described as being complex to operate, particularly in a country with a relatively less sophisticated accountants' audience; its emphasis upon the external reporting and external auditing; and its virtual exclusion of government or public sector needs.In contrast, the study suggests that most accounting shortcomings in Saudi Arabia would be alleviated by the adoption of a uniform accounting system, as such a system would facilitate the collection, storage and communication of accounting data, and facilitate the training process and transfer of "know-how" and skills. It was also found that the prevailing conditions and circumstances of the accounting environment in Saudi Arabia indicate that a national uniform accounting system would be both desirable and feasible. These conditions and circumstances include, among other things, centralised development plans, the need for economic development, the small size of the private sector, the relatively low accounting education level, the weakness of the accounting profession, and the low level of management training.However, because such a system is likely to take a long time to establish, a plan for improving the current accounting system is proposed. The plan is based upon the socio-economic development needs of Saudi Arabia, which urgently require simultaneous improvements of all components of the accounting system noted above, by integrating them into a single framework of action. The plan assumes the willingness of accounting academicians, public accountants, and government officials, particularly those involved in planning, implementation, and control of the economic and financial activities of the country, to participate in the accounting improvement process. Moreover, the proposed plan should be viewed as a part of the overall five-year economic development plan which already exists.
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Alshammasi, Abdrabalamir Abbas Abdullah. "The influence of economic, political and socio-cultural factors on the development of health services in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Hull, 1986. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5105.
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In this thesis I examine the influence of economic, political and socio-cultural factors on the development of health services in Saudi Arabia. There are four main parts and a conclusion. In Part One I review the situation in developing countries. Many commentators have argued that economic factors, and to some extent political factors, are the main determinant of health services development in developing countries. Socio-cultural factors are generally neglected in these analysis. In this thesis I redress the balance by examining the relationship between economic, political and socio-cultural factors in the development of the Saudi health care system.In Part Two I analyse the Saudi resource situation. Although the health service is not considered a priority in the overall Saudi development strategy, the government provides generous financial resources for its development. However, non-financial resources remain a problem. Relatively abundant financial resources can provide a short-term solution to some of the resource shortages, such as the lack of skilled manpower, but the use of expatriate health personnel may have unanticipated negative consequences.In Part Three I examine the resource allocation process. The Saudi political system contains a mixture of modern and traditional elements, and the decision making process is affected by traditional social relationships. The King and public bureaucrats play a key role in the allocation process, but local leaders and Governors have wide scope to influence their decisions. While health provision is not a political issue in the country, it contributes to the social cohesion between the government and the general public.In Part Four I examine the influence of socio-cultural factors on the development of the Saudi health service. In the Saudi society socio-cultural factors affect the behaviour of individuals in their interaction with the health system. For example, the annual pilgrimage to Mecca by millions of moslems from all over the world presents a formidable challenge to health authorities. Health authorities accept the importance of socio-cultural factors, and respond by compromising policies. In the conclusion I consider the policy and theoretical implications of the study. In particular I examine the need for the formal recongnition and incorporation of socio-cultural factors into health policy decision making. This would lead to the generation of alternative policy options which complement other options based on economic and political considerations. The socio-cultural oriented approach can contribute significantly to the improvement of the long term prospect for health services in Saudi Arabia, and developing countries generally.
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Al-Ghamdi, Abdulkareem S. "Factors influencing advancement of technical education and vocational training and their impact on economic development in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Hull, 1994. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4710.
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Saudi Arabia is considered one of the fastest developing countries in the world today. The main problem facing its development programmes, is the severe shortage of national trained manpower, especially in industry. To overcome this problem, a huge number of expatriate workers have been imported to contribute in executing the massive projects undertaken under the series of five-year development plans, as well as the rapid growth in the activities of the private sector. The shortage of qualified manpower, such as technicians, skilled and semi-skilled workers, is largely attributable to the failure of technical education and vocational training to supply the country with its requirements of trained manpower in scope of industry, agriculture and construction. Only a very small number of Saudi youths enter this type of education, compared with the huge number who join academic education each year. Therefore, the major target of this study is to examine the factors preventing many Saudi male youths from entering technical education and vocational training programmes and their effect on the progress of education itself. ' Furthermore, it seeks to discover why some graduates from this kind of education do not practise vocational work after graduation. To obtain comprehensive information about this problem, three groups of students in three different types of education in Riyadh, were chosen randomly. These groups were: intermediate school, secondary industrial institute and vocational training centre students, with a total of 494 respondents. Data were analyzed using frequency analysis and cross-tabulation techniques.The findings of the study show that the major factors influencing students to join technical education and vocational training programmes or practising vocational work are: social, economical, policy, administrative, organization, technical, educational and personal factors, as well as the impact of lack of cooperation between the General Organization for Technical Education and Vocational Training (GOTEVT) and government agencies in general and the industrial sector in particular. These factors not only affect the attitudes of students, but have also strongly affected the efficiency and the advancement of Technical and Vocational Education. The study concludes with recommendations which it is believed would improve the attitudes of society in general and youths in particular toward this type of education. Some suggestions are also made for further research.
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Al-Buridi, Abdulrahman Mohammed. "Developing management of privatisation : an empirical study on the barriers hindering implementation of the programme in Saudi Arabia and a proposed efficient model." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2008. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/3806.
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In 1997 the Saudi Government took a forward step to implement privatisation and to promote the process and its implementation in different public enterprises. They issued various resolutions and decisions for implementing and managing the programme but the process is moving slowly and rate of the implementation is limited. Implementation of privatisation is related to several matters, such as condition of the enterprise, content of the privatisation strategy, etc. This research concentrates on investigation and analysis of the privatisation programme in Saudi Arabia, with particular reference to the process of managing and implementing the programme. The main objectives of the study are: (1) to establish the reasons for the delay in implementing; (2) to investigate the barriers hindering the process in several enterprises and the level at which these barriers are hindering the programme; (3) to develop an "Efficient Models" to help the Government in smooth implementation of the programme. The research uses the literature review, survey opinions of a group of the public and private sector managers and various case studies as sources of data for the research. The methodology of the study evaluates whether the barriers to implement the programme in the country lie at the privatisation strategy level or at the enterprise level. It includes investigation of the barriers hindering of the programme, development of a main model and the other models based on analysis of the international experiences and their comparison with the actual implementation of the programme at Saudi Arabia. This study is designed to fill the gap in knowledge about planning and managing privatisation and monitoring the process of implementation. The study develops an "Efficient Models" which makes managing the process clear for all the organizations involved in the process. These models are allowing the Saudi government to implement, manage and monitor the privatisation strategy, employees' matters, restructuring and regulation policy.
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Feir, Abdulmuhssin Al. "Geographical analysis of farming systems in semiarid lands: Taif region case study." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184707.
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This dissertation presents a case study of agricultural land use patterns and marketing aspects in the Taif region of Saudi Arabia. This area is one of importance to the overall agricultural future of Saudi Arabia, being a major producer of fruits, vegetables and dates in the Kingdom. In recent years, increases in personal income associated with oil production in the Kingdom have created significant changes in the types of crops grown as well as the way of life of the small farmer. These changes include the following: (1) Because better paying jobs and an enhanced lifestyle are luring farmers to the large urban areas, fewer workers are available for labor on the farms. (2) Large government subsidies have created a situation where the small farmer finds it no longer profitable to grow cereal crops as he traditionally did. (3) A lack of adequate refrigerated trucks and an increase in salinity in groundwater has caused farmers near the market centers of Makkah and Jeddah to cut fruit trees and replant with vegetables that can withstand more saline water and can be transported to the nearby markets more easily than those framers living in the farther areas of the region. What the author concludes is that increased attention to the problems of the small farmer in the region is necessary so that food supplies will be maintained to feed a growing population and so that self-sufficiency can be achieved. Additional support by the government in the way of subsidies and loans and more programs to educate farmers in marketing techniques and improved farm methods and management must be developed. And finally, the farmers should work together, sharing information and resources for the common good of all small farmers in the region.
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Toth, Anthony B. "The transformation of a pastoral economy : Bedouin and states in Northern Arabia, 1850-1950." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365651.
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This thesis analyses economic change among the bedouin of northern Arabia by examining four factors: the trade in camels; intertribal raiding; large-scale attacks by the Akhwan (Ikhwan); and trade and smuggling. Many writers have assumed that the sale or hiring out of camels for transport by camel-herding tribes was their main source of income, and that the spread of modern transportation caused a decline in the demand for camels, resulting in lower prices for the animals and an economic crisis for the bedouin. The well-documented case-studies in this thesis demonstrate that this assumption is flawed. The bedouin economy was more complex than the portrayals in many sources, and the reasons for economic hardship and political decline among the camel-herding tribes are more varied. In the story of how the wheel overcame the camel, it is clear that while transportation technology had some effect, even more important were such factors as drought, the rise of new states, colonial policies, intertribal politics and the varied factors pulling nomadic peoples to become sedentary.
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Bokhari, Abla Abdul. "The economic impacts of religious tourism in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia : evaluating using the Computable General Equilibrium model." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507955.
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Kashm, Mohammed Abdullah. "Health-care priority setting decisions in Saudi Arabia : an exploration of the context, and potential, for using economic evaluation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6894/.
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Recent health care reforms within Saudi Arabia have advocated use of economic evaluation in health care decision making. Little research has, however, considered the use of economic evaluation to set priorities in rentier state settings. This thesis explores the nature of the rentier state and the basis of health care priority setting, and conducts a systematic review of the use of economic evaluation in priority setting. The thesis uses in-depth qualitative research to explore health care priority setting and use of economic evaluation in Saudi Arabia. Qualitative data comprised 22 in-depth interviews with decision makers at the national and district levels, 3 focus groups, and one meeting observation. Data collection and analysis were conducted iteratively using constant comparison. Findings show that contextual factors have a great influence on the decision making process and that the use of economic evaluation is still very limited. There appeared to be two types of barriers to the use of economic evaluation: decision context-related barriers and barriers relating to the production of economic evaluation data. Incorporating economic evaluation into the health care decision making process in Saudi Arabia is proving to be complex and contextual factors have more influence on priority decisions than economic evaluation.
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Binkhamis, Mohammed. "Barriers and threats to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Saudi Arabia : a study of regulatory, political and economic factors." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/13236.
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The overarching purpose of this thesis is to identify and study barriers that have had the most effect on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and how these barriers have affected investors with plans of investing in Saudi Market. The barriers have been divided into three factors; political factors (the effect Arab Spring, Iran nuclear program and activities of terrorist groups have had on Saudi Arabia), regulatory factors (bureaucracy rules, government rules and social culture) and economic factors (effect of macroeconomic variables and exchange rate on FDI). After proper evaluation of literature and concepts, it became evident that the above factors have had effect on FDI, and this culminated in the design of a conceptual framework as well as some propositions for each of the factors; political factor (stability in government, internal and external conflicts, and international relations), regulatory factors (liberality, regulation, bureaucracy and impact on culture), and economic factors (growth rate, stability of currency, economic variables and market size). Needed data were obtained from interviews conducted on participants who gave their views concerning FDI sector (government officials, independent consultants and foreign investors). Furthermore, an inductive approach was used to identify the effect of changes to the current currency policy of Saudi Riyal pegged with US$ in a fixed exchange rate. Results have shown that regulations currently been put in place by the government as well as societal customs, have had adverse effect on FDI. However, political stability being enjoyed by Saudi Arabia has been pivotal in attracting foreign investment into the country. Added to this, acts of terrorism and the Iranian relationship have in no way affected FDI coming into the country. Though it became clear that any attempt by the government to acquire nuclear weapons, will have a negative effect on Saudi Arabia. The current economic standing of Saudi Arabia has attracted more foreign investments, as the country has been enjoying economic stability. It was also discovered from the studies that the increasing price of oil has had varying effect on FDI. Inflation has not been a major barrier to foreign investments. Current exchange policies have favored FDI; it became evident that any alteration of this policy will have a negative effect on FDI. In term of theoretical contribution, the study found that the literature does not fit with the Saudi Arabian case as high inflation rate, as well as the external and internal crises weren’t found to be as barriers for FDI in Saudi Arabia. In addition, the research has contributed a conceptual framework based on previous studies integrating regulatory, political and economic factors that can be used for any further research on FDI. In term of practical contributions, the study explored possible effect of new potential risks such as Arab Spring and nuclear weapon. The research will be useful for both regulator and investors as it clearly identifies the action necessary to attract FDI as well as provide a set of guidelines for investors who intend to enter Saudi market.
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Daoudi, Omar. "YouTube-based programming and the Saudi youth : exploring the economic, political and cultural context of YouTube in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9004/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis addresses YouTube-based programming in Saudi Arabia. It focuses on the bottom-up, professionally generated content (PGC) produced by the Saudi youth exclusively for YouTube between 2010 and 2016. It explores the economic, political and cultural context of YouTube-based programming and is aimed at understanding how the programme makers operate within such a restrictive political and media environment, and the interaction between the content creators, the audiences and the Saudi government. The thesis examines the perspective of the content creators by utilizing ten semi-structured online interviews, and the view of the Saudi audience by employing seven semi-structured offline focus group interviews with twenty-nine participants in Glasgow, Scotland. The interviews were conducted and transcribed in Arabic, then translated into English. This analysis leads to the emergence of four primary themes: limited political and cultural empowerment for young Saudis offline; strong financial empowerment for the content creators; the government as the most powerful actor in the Saudi media scene; and the relevance of the content to the Saudi audience as the main driver for the popularity of YouTube-based programming. The analysis provides insights and implications for policy and practices, arguing that the concept and practices of cultural policy are humble in Saudi Arabia and that there is an urgent need for a political decision to establish a nationwide cultural policy to promote and govern the arts and culture. This policy needs to incorporate both online and offline creativity, including YouTube-based programming.
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Bin, Marshad Saud Mohammed H. "Economic evaluation of seawater desalination : a case study analysis of cost of water production from seawater desalination in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2996.
Full textAbstract:
As a result of the increasing scarcity of freshwater resources worldwide, many countries have resorted to the use of unconventional sources, of which seawater desalination is the most significant, for meeting the supply-demand gap. However, despite the recorded advances in desalination technologies of recent decades, desalination remains a very expensive operation and operators will be greatly assisted if reliable means of predicting the costs are available to aid effective decision making during planning of new plants or the operation of existing plants. To achieve this, it is important to fully understand the factors that contribute to desalination costs, which could then be used to develop appropriate models for predicting costs that can support budgeting and/or cost reductions decision making. Consequently, this project has investigated the development of such models for predicting monthly production costs using data from 16 operational plants in Saudi Arabia. Monthly and annual data spanning 2001 – 2010 were collected on total water production, type of desalination technique, sea water salinity, product water salinity, energy consumption, and total (capital and operational) unit cost of water production. Because of the way in which the data were archived, some of the variables only had the annual totals for some of the years, which made them unsuitable for the monthly scale adopted for the analyses. Consequently, disaggregation schemes based on several variants of the method of fragments widely used in hydrological studies were used to obtain monthly data from the annual data. Exploratory analysis showed that the monthly costs correlated most with the total water production, which then formed the lone independent variable for various tested regression model formulations. In general, an inverse regression model performed best during both calibration and validation. To enhance the usefulness of the predictive model for decision making, uncertainty limits of the predictions were constructed using a Monte Carlo simulation approach involving the seasonal, lag-1 autoregressive generation of equally likely realisations of the available historic records that have been transformed to remove the skewness. Extensive testing of the data generation technique showed that the assumed lag-1 auto-regressive dependence structure was adequate. This study thus provides for the first time a predictive model for costs of desalination in Saudi Arabia and its uncertainty range for effective budgeting and operational management. Although the models were developed using Saudi Arabia data, the fact that only one independent variable was used means that the replication of the methodology in other desalination-intensive countries can be readily carried out.