Academic literature on the topic 'Arab millennials'
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Journal articles on the topic "Arab millennials"
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Akhsan, Akhsan, and Ahmadi Muhammadiyah. "MODEL BELAJAR DAN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB GENERASI MILENIAL." Lahjah Arabiyah: Jurnal Bahasa Arab dan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab 1, no. 2 (July 14, 2020): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/lahjah.v1i2.817.
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Millennial era is identical with digital era. Where millennials are more inclined to like learning with practical and rational. Millennials prefer something simple and not complicated. Indirectly with this it also affects the learning styles of Arabic students. With this fact, the language teacher must also adjust to technology. In the midst of the covid-19 pandemic, literacy learning models, hybrid learning, and long life learning become learning models that are always discussed and discussed in various forms. Literacy with a genre approach, hybrid learning with online models and webinars, as well as long live education by planting lifelong learning to students wherever they are. These three things are expected to have a significant influence on learning and learning models in this millennial era. Especially in a pandemic that does not allow for face-to-face meetings, so it is more efficient, practical, and effective.
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Warda, Samia Youssry. "Emirati Millennials: A Catalyst for Innovation in the Tourism Industry." Transnational Marketing Journal 7, no. 2 (October 2, 2019): 131–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/tmj.v7i2.776.
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It is evident that generational shifts in tourist behaviour facilitate the anticipation and accommodation of future trends in the industry. Although a unique and influential tourist segment, the millennial generation of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has not been adequately researched. This paper aims to explore the travel patterns of Emirati millennials; particularly their preferences, their online travel behaviour and the impact of social media on their choices. After reviewing the academic and trade literature on millennial travelers and some cases of existing innovative practices of tourism businesses targeting millennials, the paper will present the results of a survey conducted to investigate the travel patterns of young Emirati travelers, contributing to the literature on this emerging segment which is almost nonexistent. The research offers useful insights into what Emiratis value the most, their preference for leisure travel to new destinations and the influence of travel apps and social media on their travel planning. The research led to the development of suggestions for businesses aiming to attract millennials.
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Cosgrave, David, and Michele O'Dwyer. "Ethical standards and perceptions of CRM among millennial consumers." International Marketing Review 37, no. 5 (July 10, 2020): 863–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-05-2019-0125.
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PurposeThis study explores the millennial perceptions of cause-related marketing (CRM) in international markets through the lens of an ethical continuum. Literature gaps exist in our understanding of cause-related marketing, ethics and millennials in an international context, with few studies offering insights into successful CRM campaigns in developed vs developing countries. Previous studies have yielded differing responses based on culture, sociodemographic and consumer perceptions.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory qualitative research method was adopted to build the theory necessary to address this research gap. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 155 undergraduate and postgraduate students representing 17 nationalities. Interviews were conducted in two regions (Ireland and United Arab Emirates) representing developed and developing markets.FindingsDiscrepancies exist between millennial consumers when it comes to ethical self-reporting, perceptions of CRM initiatives, choice criteria of CRM offers and purchase intentions. Findings also suggest that there is a relationship between the religious and ethical beliefs of millennials in certain regions. Gender showed no significant differences in perceptions of CRM.Originality/valueThis study examines millennial perceptions of CRM from multiple nationalities in developed vs developing markets. It introduces the ethical continuum in international CRM as a lens to examine perceptions of millennial consumers. The study identifies that millennials should not be treated as a homogenous group, suggesting different choice criteria of millennial consumers based on their ethical standards. It demonstrates emerging support for the role of religion in successful adoption of CRM.
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Syagif, Ahmad. "STRATEGI PENGUATAN LITERASI BERBAHASA ARAB BAGI SANTRI MILENIAL." Fitrah: Jurnal Studi Pendidikan 13, no. 1 (July 7, 2022): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47625/fitrah.v13i1.375.
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Arabic literacy is a necessity that needs to be nurtured from an early age for students, especially among students. As millennials, the better literacy skills they have, the better their academic achievement will be so that they are more ready to answer the challenges of the times. This paper tries to dissect the various strategies that can be done to strengthen Arabic literacy for millennial students who are members of the MTSN 1 Kota Bima Boarding School Program. Through descriptive qualitative research with the case study method, it can be seen that the literacy strengthening program is carried out through habituation, development, and learning activities by combining the intracurricular curriculum and the non-curricular supplement curriculum. Arabic literacy can go hand in hand, reinforce each other with Al-Qur'an literacy and can be developed through digital literacy skills. The obstacle that is still being faced is the perception of the guardians of the students and the learning motivation of the students.
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Zaid, Bouziane, Jana Fedtke, Don Donghee Shin, Abdelmalek El Kadoussi, and Mohammed Ibahrine. "Digital Islam and Muslim Millennials: How Social Media Influencers Reimagine Religious Authority and Islamic Practices." Religions 13, no. 4 (April 8, 2022): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13040335.
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Digital platforms have empowered individuals and communities to re-negotiate long-established notions of religion and authority. A new generation of social media influencers has recently emerged in the Muslim world. They are western-educated, unique storytellers, and savvy in digital media production. This raises new questions on the future of Islam in the context of emerging challenges, such as the openness of technology and the often-perceived closedness of religious and cultural systems within Muslim societies. This paper uses a multiple case research design to examine the roles of social media influencers in reimagining Islam and reshaping spiritual beliefs and religious practices among young people in the Gulf Region, the Arab world, and beyond. We used thematic analysis of the Instagram and YouTube content of four social media influencers in the Gulf Region: Salama Mohamed and Khalid Al Ameri from the United Arab Emirates, Ahmad Al-Shugairi from Saudi Arabia, and Omar Farooq from Bahrain. The study found that social media influencers are challenging traditional religious authorities as they reimagine Muslim identities based on a new global lifestyle.
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Koernia, Yabez, and Tony Winata. "KOMUNITAS MUSIK DI BSD." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 1, no. 2 (January 26, 2020): 2085. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v1i2.4371.
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The millennial generation is very smart in using the internet as social media and as a learning media. In using this internet they learn with a one-way learning tool, which makes most of the learning misguided from the techniques of reading and playing music. Things that need to be considered are small details such as reading piano beams or playing according to the correct scales and that only exists when learning with 2-way learning such as schools, but millennials don't like the existence of formal schools, which exist today but they want to learn with free where they can play freely and also be able to play together without a curriculum that makes them like being detained. In this case an informal school that can accommodate millennial musicians is now needed and also a place to gather and also learn together therefore an informal community is needed that can accommodate the desire and creativity for the activities of the millennials.Abstrak Generasi milennial sangat pintar dalam menggunakan internet sebagai media sosial maupun sebagai media belajar. Dalam penggunaan internet ini mereka belajar dengan sarana satu arah pembelajaran, hal tersebut membuat sebagian besar pembelajaran dapat salah kaprah dari teknik membaca maupun bermain musik. Hal yang perlu diperhatikan adalah detail kecil seperti membaca balok piano maupun bermain sesuai tangga nada yang benar dan hal tersebut hanya ada bila belajar dengan pembelajaran 2 arah seperti sekolah, namun millennial tidak menyukai dengan adanya sekolah formal, yang ada sekarang ini tetapi mereka ingin belajar dengan bebas dimana mereka dapat bermain bebas dan juga dapat bermain bersama tanpa adanya kurikulum yang membuat mereka seperti ditahan Dalam hal ini maka diperlukan sebuah sekolah informal yang dapat menampung para musisi millennial sekarang ini dan juga menjadi sebuah tempat untuk dapat berkumpul dan juga belajar bersama oleh karena itu dibutuhkan sebuah komunitas informal yang dapat menampung keinginan dan kreatifitas untuk kegiatan para millennial.
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Andrew, Andrew. "KAJIAN HUNIAN FLEKSIBEL KOTA BAGI GENERASI MILLENNIAL." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 1, no. 2 (January 26, 2020): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v1i2.4399.
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Millenials, generation of people who was born between 1980 to 2000, age ranged from 20 to 39 years, are now preparing to fulfill one of the most important need in life: housing. Social and culture changes in millenials life style will affect millenials housing needs and type. It is known that millenials nowadays require a type of housing with high flexibility that can adjust well with their needs and wants rather than typical housing nowadays that is static and conventional. Changes in resident number and housing pricet can also affect unit changes This project will be using Flexible Architecture method which can provide flexible space to provide the millennials, whether in the flexibility of one modul unit (the flexibility of change in one modul unit by flexible furniture) or between modul units (the probability of expansion more than one modul unit by prefabricated flexible building envelope etc ) that can be adjusted according to the catalog (according to residents basic needs and resident number). Hopefully flexible housing can fulfill millenials needs and budget when they search for housing to overcome the cause of over population and the ever-rising housing price, especially in Jabodetabek area. AbstrakGenerasi Millennial, generasi kelahiran tahun 1980 hingga tahun 2000 saat ini telah memasuki usia 20-49 tahun, mulai memenuhi kebutuhan pokok yaitu hunian. Perubahan sosial dan budaya generasi Millennial dalam kegiatan berhuni diperkirakan akan mengubah kebutuhan dan tipe hunian yang dibutuhkan bagi generasi millennial dari yang bersifat statis atau konvensional menuju ke arah yang lebih dinamis. Seperti diketahui generasi millennial saat ini membutuhkan ruang yang dapat berubah-ubah disesuaikan dnegan kebutuhan generasi millennial yang berubah-ubah keinginannya. Selain itu perbuahan jumlah penghuni hunian, serta harga hunian yang terus meningkat juga dapat mempengaruhi perubahan unit. Metode flexible architecture digunakna dalam perancangan ini dengan tujuan agar menciptakan ruang yang dapat fleksibel baik, fleksibel dalam modul unit ( dapat dilakukan fleksibel dalam ruang 1 modul unit dibantu dengan furnitur fleksibel ) maupun antara modul unit ( kemungkinan ekspansi modul unit menjadi 2 modul unit maupun 3 modul unit dengan perubahan pembatas antar unit, dll ) yang disesuaikan dengan katalog yang disediakan ( sesuai dengan kebutuhan dasar penghuni dan jumlah penghuni ), sehinggga kebutuhan ruang generasi millennial dapat terpenuhi melalui rancangan hunian fleksibel. Selain itu kepadatan penduduk yang semakin tinggi khususnya di daerah Jabodetabek serta harga hunian yang semakin meningkat menjadi tantangan tersendiri sehingga hunian fleksibel diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu solusi untuk menampung generasi millennial serta mendukung daya beli generasi millennial.
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Reich, Bernard. "Menachem Klein. Jerusalem: The Contested City. New York: New York University Press (in association with the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies), 2001. viii, 363 pp." AJS Review 29, no. 2 (November 2005): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009405390179.
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Jerusalem is an ancient venue that has been not only a symbol of peace and a focus of religious belief but also a city of dispute. For centuries, indeed millennia, it has been a magnet for conflict between diverse groups with divergent religious interests and others with competing political and/or national claims. It is sacred to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam and claimed as a national capitol by both Israelis and Palestinian Arabs. Since the mid-1950s it has been a central issue of the Arab–Israeli conflict that emerged to be even more problematic after the Six Day War of 1967, in which Israel gained full control over the entire city that had been divided between it and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in the first Arab–Israeli war of 1948–1949. In recent years it has became the ultimate issue among the final settlement stumbling blocks for an Israeli–Palestinian peace. It has served as a pretext for Osama bin Laden and as a concern for Muslim regimes as diverse as Iran and Saudi Arabia because of Jewish control over Muslim holy places, in this instance the third holiest site in Islam, after Mecca and Medina.
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Jasson, Jasson, and Doddy Yuono. "PASAR HETEROTOPIA: TIPOLOGI BARU SEBUAH PASAR." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 1, no. 2 (January 26, 2020): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v1i2.4498.
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The market, aside from being the place where economic transactions occur, also has an important role as a social network as well as a medium to showcase the existence of self by various parties. Especially to the millennial generation who now tend to enjoy transaction activities virtually. The high rate of digitalization of current economic activities, along with its network expansion to social media, has redefined shopping activities as one of the (commodity) unique experiences that must be experienced and shared by millennials to strengthen their social quality. Millennials view economic-transaction activities as a way of gaining new experiences that deserve to be shared. On the other hand, reflecting on the same tendency in other aspects, the phenomenon of digitalization has helped strengthen millennial individualistic tendencies, isolating themselves from direct contact in the real world. The change in the economic system to digital direction is also possesing new threat to the sustainability of existing conventional economic practices, especially traditional market systems with a very high level of interaction and social participation among its users. Through this project, researchers are trying to offer a new typological form of traditional markets that support the social closeness between their users, intensified, and maintain the essence of traditional markets as a social center of society. The design of the architectural typology offered by researchers is also expected to provide the widest possible opportunity for its users, especially the millennial generation, to explore their various social roles in current economic activities. AbstrakPasar, selain mejadi tempat terjadinya transaksi ekonomi, juga memiliki peran penting sebagai jaringan sosial sekaligus media unjuk eksistensi diri oleh berbagai pihak. Terutama kepada generasi milenial yang sekarang cenderung menikmati kegiatan transaksi secara virtual. Tingginya laju digitalisasi kegiatan ekonomi saat ini, beserta perluasan jaringannya kepada media sosial, telah meredefinisikan kegiatan belanja sebagai salah satu (komoditas) pengalaman unik yang wajib dialami dan dibagikan para milenial untuk memperkuat kualitas sosial dirinya. Generasi milenial memandang kegiatan transaksi-ekonomi sebagai salah satu cara untuk memperoleh pengalaman baru yang patut dibagikan. Di sisi lain, bercermin kepada tendensi sama di aspek-aspek lain, fenomena digitalisasi ini turut memperkuat kecenderungan individualistis milenial, mengisolasi diri mereka dari kontak langsung di dunia nyata. Perubahan sistem ekonomi ke arah digital ini juga menjadi ancaman baru bagi keberlanjutan praktik-praktik ekonomi konvensional yang ada, terutama sistem pasar tradisional dengan tingkat interaksi dan partisipasi sosial sangat tinggi antar pengunanya. Melalui proyek ini, peneliti berusaha menawarkan bentuk tipologi baru pasar tradisonal yang mendukung kedekatan sosial antar penggunanya terjalin intens, serta mempertahankan esensi pasar tradisional sebagai pusat sosial masyarakat. Rancang tipologi arsitektur yang ditawarkan oleh peneliti juga diharapkan memberi peluang seluas-luasnya bagi para penggunanya, teristimewa generasi milenial, untuk mengekplorasi berbagai peran sosial mereka dalam kegiatan ekonomi saat ini.
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Istikomayanti, Yuswa, and Zuni Mitasari. "Studi Nilai Etnobotani dan Sosio-Ekologi Generasi Milenial Sumba." BIOSAINTROPIS (BIOSCIENCE-TROPIC) 7, no. 1 (August 20, 2021): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/e-jbst.v7i1.394.
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Ethnic and natural environments coexist together. However, along with the development of modernization to various corners of the region also makes challenges for indigenous peoples to remain in the future. The purpose of this study is to describe ethnobotany values in the Sumba millennial generation and to examine the socio-ecological aspects as a new perspective in ethnobotany studies. Sumba millennials are students of the Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University who are regional children who still live with a cultural environment, especially the Sumba area, East Nusa Tenggara. Through questionnaires, open questions and in-depth interviews with key respondents, it can be assessed the extent to which cultural values exist in the Sumba millennial generation who have received education and modern life. Socio-ecological studies are important to be carried out as a perspective in making various policy directions. Particularly in the direction of education, selection, and determination of customary values and how efforts to conserve them become co-existent ethnicities and environments. The results obtained by most of the millennial generation still hold customary values in their daily behavior. This aspect is reflected in the use of traditional medicine, skills in weaving, natural coloring, eating betel-nut, and positive perceptions of the preservation of its culture in the future.
Keywords:Ethnobotany, Indonesia, Milenial, Sumba, Socio-Ecology
ABSTRAK
Etnis dan lingkungan alam hidup berdampingan. Namun, dengan seiring berkembangnya modernisasi hingga ke berbagai pelosok daerah juga menjadikan tantangan untuk masyarakat adat tetap bertahan di masa depan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai etnobotani pada generasi milenial Sumba serta mengkaji aspek sosio-ekologi sebagai perspektif baru dalam kajian etnobotani. Milenial Sumba yaitu mahasiswa Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi yang merupakan anak daerah yang masih hidup dengan lingkungan kebudayaan khususnya daerah Sumba, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Melalui kuesioner, pertanyaan terbuka serta wawancara mendalam pada responden kunci dapat dikaji sejauh mana nilai-nilai kebudayaan yang ada pada generasi milenial Sumba yang telah mengenyam pendidikan dan kehidupan modern di Kota Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Kajian sosio-ekologi menjadi penting untuk dilakukan sebagai perspektif dalam pengambilan arah berbagai kebijakan. Khususnya dalam arah pendidikan, pemilihan, dan penentuan nilai-nilai adat dan bagaimana upaya pelestariannya menjadi etnis dan lingkungan yang saling berdampingan. Hasil yang diperoleh sebagian besar generasi milenial masih memegang nilai adat dalam perilakunya sehari-hari. Aspek tersebut tercermin dalam penggunaan obat tradisional, keterampilan menenun, mewarnai secara alami, makan sirih-pinang, serta persepsi positif terhadap kelestarian budayanya di masa depan.
Kata kunci: etnobotani, Indonesia, milenial, Sumba, Sosio-Ekologi
Books on the topic "Arab millennials"
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American Holiness churches in the Holy Land 1890-2010: Mission to the Jews, Arabs and Armenians. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2011.
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Cole, Juan. New Arabs: How the Millennial Generation Is Changing the Middle East. Simon & Schuster, 2014.
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The new Arabs: How the millennial generation is changing the Middle East. Simon & Schuster, 2014.
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Andrade, Nathanael. Legacy and Likenesses. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190638818.003.0010.
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For nearly two millennia after she lived, people have remembered Zenobia. In Europe, numerous writers and artists over the ages, including Edward Gibbon, have celebrated her as a figure of womanly virtue and an eastern queen. In the Middle East, she has been seen as a focal point for ideals of liberation and autonomy. Indeed, for the Arab world, she is a liberator from Western imperialism. Her varied likenesses have outlived all these figurations. They have even outlived the Assad regime’s politicizing of Zenobia and her Palmyra as well as the Islamic State’s destruction of its monuments and portraits. It is through all these narratives that Zenobia will continue to live and to die.
Book chapters on the topic "Arab millennials"
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Radwan, Maha Baz, Georgios Patsiaouras, and Michael Saren. "To own or to access? An exploration of sharing and access practices by Arab millennials." In Handbook of the Sharing Economy, 62–74. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781788110549.00012.
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Moore, Lindsey. "A ‘Rich Fabric of Some Sort, Which No One Can Fully Comprehend [or] Fully Own’." In Post-Millennial Palestine, 47–66. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800348271.003.0004.
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This chapter considers what ‘Levantine remains’ yield for post-millennial Palestine, particularly in the context of a seemingly moribund ‘two-state solution.’ It takes up the regional optic of a multi-generational extended-family narrative in Edward Said’s Out of Place: A Memoir (1999), his sister Jean Said Makdisi’s Teta, Mother and Me: An Arab Woman’s Memoir (2005), and his mother-in-law Wadad Makdisi Cortas’ A World I Loved: The Story of an Arab Woman (2009). The chapter contends that the Said-Makdisi-Cortas family collectively summon, through memoirs and paratexts, a ‘lost’ or otherwise ‘forgotten’ Levantine world. In archiving ways in which historically-produced ‘facts on the ground’ have etiolated Levantine identities, these authors resuscitate embedded, expansive models of being Palestinian.
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"Humanism and Arab Nahda Education: Khalil Sakakini and Reforming Palestinian Education." In Palestine Across Millennia. I.B. Tauris, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755642984.ch-009.
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Marina and David Ottaway. "Why the Arab Spring?" In A Tale of Four Worlds, 31–50. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190061715.003.0003.
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Common explanations of why the Arab region erupted in 2011 are only partly accurate and have glaring omissions. The youth bulge is real butsuch bulges do not automatically lead to upheavals.Socio-economic conditions in Egypt or Yemen were dismal, but no more so in 2011 than in the previous decades. Tunisia, where the uprisings started, is a middle-income country, and Gulf monarchies are incredibly rich but still fearful of unrest. Artificial borders explain even less about countries’ stability. Syria and Iraq have borders drawn on maps by colonial powers after World War I, but Egypt’s date back millennia.A crucial factor in causing the disaffection of Arab citizens toward their government is the absence of “state projects,” a vision of what the country could and should be, and of inspiring leaders to embody that vision. Egypt had a project and a leader that inspired the entire Arab world in the days of Gamal Abdel Nasser, but that is no longer the case.
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Ahmad, Norita, and Kevin Rose Dias. "Edutainment With Flipped IDEAS." In Advances in Multimedia and Interactive Technologies, 146–64. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5912-2.ch007.
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Virtual learning environments are receiving a growing interest due to exponential advancements in technology alongside the millennial users' preference for more modern rather than traditional means of studying. This chapter narrows down on optimizing edutainment in the classroom by strategically using the methods of flipped classroom, team-based learning, and the IDEAS method. The study provides an explained framework that highlights what needs to be implemented on behalf of the instructor and what outcomes can be expected as a result. An experimental study was conducted on students within a course at the graduate level in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The main objective is to study the effect of virtual learning environment that incorporates the use of flipped classroom, Team-based learning and IDEAS methods on students' academic performance.
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Hill, J. N. C. "Introduction." In Democratisation in the Maghreb. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474408974.003.0001.
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The Maghreb’s political development continues to confound expectations. Few specialists anticipated the start of the Arab Spring. Fewer still thought it would begin in Tunisia, long regarded as one of the region’s most stable and prosperous countries.1 Then, when the demonstrations did break out, most assumed Ben Ali would easily deal with them. Not only had he overcome similar challenges in the past, but he had the support of a large, well-funded and experienced security apparatus. Their shock at his downfall less than a month later was compounded by the simultaneous outbreak of copycat protests elsewhere and Libya’s descent into civil war. Many now issued millennial predictions about what would happen next. Unrest would sweep the region. None of its leaders would be spared. Algeria was especially vulnerable....
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Marinakou, Evangelia, and Charalampos Giousmpasoglou. "Gendered Leadership as a Key to Business Success." In Handbook of Research on Human Resources Strategies for the New Millennial Workforce, 200–230. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0948-6.ch010.
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Although there is clear evidence of the importance of women in leadership positions, research still shows that women are still underrepresented in management and leadership roles. The percentage of women directors in Fortune 500 companies has been between 16% and 17% since 2011. This lack of women in senior management positions demonstrates that organizations still fail to notice that leadership nowadays has new requirements. Today's organizations are facing a turbulent constantly changing environment, in an open, social and interdependent economy, which requires specific skills and competencies for leading the change. Hence companies should value women's talent. The purpose of this chapter is to present gender issues in leadership and management with a focus on the Arab context and the position of women in the Middle East (ME). Finally, it discusses the most effective leadership style exhibited by male and female managers in the ME for inclusion in HR practices and strategies for the new millennia workforce. The main concerns are HR practices and examples in the ME.
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Thareani, Yifat. "Fame and Fortune Iron Age II Arabian Trade in Scholarly Image and in Reality." In The Woman in the Pith Helmet, 291–305. Lockwood Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/2020334.ch16.
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Frequent references to Arabs, camels, and exotic goods making their way to the Iron Age II imperial and royal courts have led many scholars to assume that the Assyrian expansion and conquests stimulated the growth of the long-distance trade route across the Arabian desert. The growing corpus of archaeological data attests to extensive Arabian trade ever since the late second–early first millennia BCE. Assyrian conquests in the region led to limited and indirect imperial involvement in the conduct of trade. Management and maintenance of the trade system were carried out by local authorities.
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Wynne-Jones, Stephanie. "A Material Culture: Introduction." In A Material Culture. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759317.003.0006.
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Africa’s eastern littoral borders the Indian Ocean, providing the setting for the settlements, people, and language known collectively as Swahili, which have been a key part of that ocean’s trading networks for at least two millennia. Graeco-Roman sailors visited the now-forgotten metropolis of Rhapta, and their voyages were recorded in the narratives that later became the first-century Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (Casson 1989). Traces of that early contact survive in the form of beads and coins, yet are limited in number and diffuse in nature (Chami and Msemwa 1997a; Horton 1990). From the seventh century onwards, a series of more permanent settlements began to monopolize this trade; by the eleventh century some of these had grown into towns that were able to control and provide a focus for the mercantile opportunities of the Indian Ocean. The trading economy of Swahili towns was based on the wealth of the African continent—gold and ivory were particularly valuable exports—and underlain by a mixed economy and diverse population of fishers and farmers, traders and craft-workers (Horton and Middleton 2000; Kusimba 2008). By the ‘golden age’ of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the Swahili were an African society of considerable cosmopolitanism and fame, with towns like Kilwa Kisiwani known throughout the medieval world (Sutton 1993, 1997). Swahili archaeology is focused, conceptually and methodologically, on the series of stone towns that grew up along Africa’s eastern coast from the end of the first millennium AD. These towns developed as key nodes in both local and international networks of interaction, and became the conduits through which the African continent traded and communicated with the wider Indian Ocean world. The material settings of the towns, and particularly the distinctive tradition of coral architecture they contain, embody their cosmopolitanism, with this locally derived building tradition creating unique urban spaces that nevertheless reference the Islamic architecture of the Arabian Peninsula and Persian Gulf (Garlake 1966). Archaeology on this coast is still relatively new, dating back only to the 1950s and 1960s, and to the pioneering work of researchers convinced they had discovered evidence for Arab trading stations on the coast of eastern Africa (Kirkman 1964).
Conference papers on the topic "Arab millennials"
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Babu, R. Suresh, Nishad Nawaz, and Vijayakumar Gajenderan. "A Study of Factors influencing eWoM Credibility among Millennials: A Case Study of Chennai City." In 2021 22nd International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acit53391.2021.9677097.
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