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Journal articles on the topic 'Aqueous ionic liquid'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Zafarani-Moattar, Mohammad Taghi, Hemayat Shekaari, and Elnaz Mazaher Haji Agha. "Measurement and Modeling of Solubility of Galactose in Aqueous Ionic Liquids, 1-Butyl-3-Methyl Imidazolium Bromide, 1-Hexyl-3-Methyl Imidazolium Bromide and 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride at T = (298.15 And 308.15) K." Pharmaceutical Sciences 25, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ps.2019.32.

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Background: Saccharides are considered as abundant, cheap and renewable starting materials for chemicals and fuels. Recently, ionic liquids have been used as green solvents for saccharides. The solubility values of galactose in aqueous ionic liquid solutions are not available. Thus, the main objective of this research was to determine the solubility of galactose in aqueous solutions containing ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide, [BMIm]Br, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIm]Cl and 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide, [HMIm]Br at different mole fractions of ionic liquids at T = (298.15 and 308.15) K. Methods: In this study, the gravimetric method was used to measure the solubility of galactose in aqueous ionic liquids solutions. Results: The solubility values of galactose in water and aqueous ionic liquid solutions were correlated with the activity coefficient models of Wilson, NRTL, modified NRTL, NRF-NRTL, and UNIQUAC. Conclusion: It was concluded that with increasing the mole fraction of ionic liquids, the solubility values of galactose decrease and in fact all of these ionic liquids show salting-out effect on aqueous galactose solutions and this behavior is stronger in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride.
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2

Mohammed, Sawsan A. M., and Mohammed Saadi Hameed. "Extraction of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions Using Bulk ionic Liquid Membranes." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 17, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2016.1.8.

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Room temperature ionic liquids show potential as an alternative to conventional organic membrane solvents mainly due to their properties of low vapour pressure, low volatility and they are often stable. In the present work, the technical feasibilities of room temperature ionic liquids as bulk liquid membranes for phenol removal were investigated experimentally. In this research several hydrophobic ionic liquids were synthesized at laboratory. These ionic liquids include (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide[Bmim][NTf2], 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide[Hmim][NTf2], 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide[Omim][NTf2],1‐butyl‐1‐methylimidazoliumhexafluorophosphate[Bmim][PF6], 1‐hexyl‐1‐methylimidazoliumhexafluorophosphate[Hmim][PF6], 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide[Bmpyr][NTf2], and 1-octyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetra fluoroborate[Omim][BF4]. The distribution coefficients for phenol in these ionic liquids were measured at different pH values and found to be much larger than those in conventional solvents. Through the values of the distribution coefficients and the experiments that were conducted on bulk liquid membrane applying various types of prepared ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide was selected as the best ionic liquid which gave the highest extraction and stripping efficiencies. The effect of several parameters, namely, feed phase pH(2-12), feed concentration(100-1000 ppm), NaOH concentration(0-0.5M), temperature (20-50oC), feed to membrane volume ratio (200-400ml/80ml ionic liquid) and stirring speeds(75-125 rpm) on the performance of the choosen ionic liquid membrane were also studied. The preliminary study showed that high phenol extraction and stripping efficiencies of 97% and 95% respectively were achieved by ionic liquid membrane with a minimum membrane loss which offers a better choice to organic membrane solvents.
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3

Ressmann, Anna K., Ronald Zirbs, Martin Pressler, Peter Gaertner, and Katharina Bica. "Surface-active Ionic Liquids for Micellar Extraction of Piperine from Black Pepper." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 68, no. 10 (October 1, 2013): 1129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2013-3196.

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We present the application of ionic liquid-aqueous micellar solutions as isolation media for the pharmaceutically active ingredient piperine from black pepper. Several surface-active ionic liquids including a biodegradable betaine derivative were used for the extraction of piperine, and a strong correlation between extraction yield and the critical micelle concentration of the respective ionic liquid was found. A scaled strategy for the isolation of piperine was developed that allowed recovery and recycling of the aqueous ionic liquid micellar solution for five runs without any loss in extraction efficiency.
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4

Turanov, A. N., V. K. Karandashev, O. I. Artyushin, and E. V. Sharova. "Effect of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium di-2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate on the extraction of lanthanides(III) with 1,3-bis[(diphenylphosphorylacetamido)methyl]benzene from nitric acid solutions." Журнал общей химии 93, no. 11 (December 15, 2023): 1744–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044460x23110112.

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It was found that the efficiency of extraction of lanthanide(III) ions from nitric acid solutions with 1,3-bis[(diphenylphosphorylacetamido)methyl]benzene significantly increases in the presence of ionic liquids, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium di-2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinates, in the organic phase. The partition of ionic liquids between the organic and aqueous phases was studied depending on the concentration of the ionic liquid and nitric acid. The stoichiometry of the extractable lanthanide(III) complexes was determined by the equilibrium shift method. The influence of the length of alkyl radicals in the cationic part of the ionic liquid and the concentration of HNO3 in the aqueous phase on the efficiency of the extraction of metal ions into the organic phase containing the ionic liquid was considered.
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5

Zeindlhofer, Veronika, and Christian Schröder. "Computational solvation analysis of biomolecules in aqueous ionic liquid mixtures." Biophysical Reviews 10, no. 3 (April 23, 2018): 825–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12551-018-0416-5.

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Abstract Based on their tunable properties, ionic liquids attracted significant interest to replace conventional, organic solvents in biomolecular applications. Following a Gartner cycle, the expectations on this new class of solvents dropped after the initial hype due to the high viscosity, hydrolysis, and toxicity problems as well as their high cost. Since not all possible combinations of cations and anions can be tested experimentally, fundamental knowledge on the interaction of the ionic liquid ions with water and with biomolecules is mandatory to optimize the solvation behavior, the biodegradability, and the costs of the ionic liquid. Here, we report on current computational approaches to characterize the impact of the ionic liquid ions on the structure and dynamics of the biomolecule and its solvation layer to explore the full potential of ionic liquids.
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6

Cubova, Katerina, Miroslava Semelova, Mojmir Nemec, and Vit Benes. "Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Ferric Ions into the Ionic Liquids." Minerals 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12010011.

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Imidazolium ionic liquids containing acetylacetone, thenoyltrifluoroacetone, or 8-hydroxyquinoline, respectively, were used as the extracting agents for the separation of traces of iron (III) from its aqueous solutions with or without citric and oxalic acids. The results show that 8-hydroxyquinoline in imidazolium ionic liquids extract iron quantitatively from all the tested solutions including complexing ones, regardless of indications of unexpected iron behavior/speciation.
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7

Kurnia, Kiki Adi, Ana M. Fernandes, Simão P. Pinho, and João A. P. Coutinho. "Ion speciation: a key for the understanding of the solution properties of ionic liquid mixtures." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 38 (2019): 21626–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp04533c.

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8

Papaiconomou, Nicolas, Isabelle Billard, and Eric Chainet. "Extraction of iridium(iv) from aqueous solutions using hydrophilic/hydrophobic ionic liquids." RSC Adv. 4, no. 89 (2014): 48260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra06991a.

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Removal of iridium(iv) using hydrophilic or hydrophobic ionic liquids was studied. IrCl62− anionic metal complexes were precipitated out from water using bromide-based ionic liquids, yielding water-insoluble salts with low Ks values. Liquid–liquid extraction of Ir(iv) using [NTf2]-based ionic liquids yielded distribution coefficients up to 70 with [OMIM][NTf2] at pH 2.
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9

Zhang, Guo Feng, Xiu Jie Ji, Bo Wen Cheng, Jun Song, Fei Lu, Ran Ran Fu, Jie Ru Huang, et al. "A Green Procedure for the Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols to Aldehydes or Ketones in Aqueous Media." Advanced Materials Research 873 (December 2013): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.873.567.

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A green oxidation of benzylic alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones was achieved in aqueous media using ionic liquid/H2O2/HCl catalytic oxidation system. The procedure is mild, environment-friendly and simple. Ionic liquids can be successfully recovered and reused for the oxidation of the same (different) substance. The directing effect of the ionic liquid is supported by the good selectivities and yields. These reactions demonstrate the catalytic oxidation and phase transfer function of the ionic liquid is stronger than that without ionic liquid.
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10

Yao, Tian, Shun Yao, Dan Tang, Long Jing, Daocai Wang, and Hang Song. "Synthesis, magnetism, aqueous-two phase formation and physical properties of novel guanidinium-based magnetic ionic liquids." RSC Advances 6, no. 58 (2016): 52898–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09879g.

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11

Passos, Helena, Teresa B. V. Dinis, Ana Filipa M. Cláudio, Mara G. Freire, and João A. P. Coutinho. "Hydrogen bond basicity of ionic liquids and molar entropy of hydration of salts as major descriptors in the formation of aqueous biphasic systems." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 20 (2018): 14234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp01401a.

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12

Lv, Rui, Shuya Cui, Yangmei Zou, and Li Zheng. "Solid-Liquid Separation Properties of Thermoregulated Dicationic Ionic Liquid as Extractant of Dyes from Aqueous Solution." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2018 (June 3, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3980364.

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Two thermoregulated dicationic ionic liquids were synthesized and applied for effective extraction of the common dye malachite green oxalate (MG). The extraction parameters such as amount of ionic liquids, pH of water phase, extraction time, cooling time, and centrifugal time on the extraction efficiency were investigated systematically. It revealed that the dye has been successfully extracted into the ionic liquids, with high extraction efficiency higher than 98%, and recovery of 98.2%–100.8%, respectively. Furthermore, these ionic liquids can be recycled easily after elution. The reusable yields were 87.1% and 88.7%. The extraction of the dye into the thermoregulated ionic liquid provides a method of minimizing pollution of waste water potentially.
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13

Huang, De Juan, and De Chao Huang. "The Research for the Extraction of Yeast’S Nucleic Acid with [BMIM] BF4-H2O-KH2PO4 Ionic Liquid Aqueous Two-Phase System." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.477.

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Construct ionic liquid - salt aqueous two-phase system for extracting yeast DNA. By using NaOH solution to process yeast, leaching the nucleic acid by ultrasonic assisting, variety of salts’ aqueous two-phase influence on the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium fluoroborate are discussed, and the influence of additive quantity of KH2PO4 and PH on the ionic liquid aqueous two-phase system for extraction of nucleic acid are studied. The result shows that process the yeast with 0.3% NaOH solution, assisted by ultrasound with power of 80W, temperature 60 °C, 3 hours’ extraction. KH2PO4take obvious advantage in the formation of ionic liquid aqueous two-phase system. In the process of extraction nucleic acid from [BMIM] BF4-H2O-KH2PO4aqueous two-phase process of nucleic acid, the best B-R buffer PH is 8.95, when the additive dosage of KH2PO4is 2.000g, A260/A280 in the supernatant is smaller than control group, the substratum which rich in ionic liquid contains more nucleic acid than the supernatant, and A260 in the supernatant is more than that in the control group. Therefore, we conclude that the ionic liquid aqueous two-phase has a relatively good effect in extraction of nucleic.
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14

Reber, David, Oleg Borodin, Maximilian Becker, Daniel Rentsch, Johannes H. Thienenkamp, Rabeb Grissa, Wengao Zhao, et al. "Water/Ionic Liquid/Succinonitrile Hybrid Electrolytes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 2 (October 9, 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-022161mtgabs.

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The water-in-salt concept has significantly improved the electrochemical stability of aqueous electrolytes, and the hybridization with organic solvents or ionic liquids has further enhanced their reductive stability.[1] Here, we open a large design space by introducing succinonitrile as a cosolvent in water/ionic liquid/succinonitrile hybrid electrolytes. Via addition of the nitrile, electrolyte performance metrics such as electrochemical stability, conductivity, or cost can be tuned, and salt solubility limits can be fully circumvented. We elucidate the solution structure of two select hybrid electrolytes and highlight the impact of each electrolyte component on the final formulation, showing that excess ionic liquid fractions decrease the lithium transport number, while excess nitrile addition reduces electrochemical stability and yields flammable electrolytes. If component ratios are tuned appropriately, high electrochemical stability is achieved and aqueous Li4Ti5O12 - LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 full cells show excellent cycling stability with a maximum energy density of ca. 140 Wh/kg of active material, and Coulombic efficiencies of close to 99.5% at 1C. Furthermore, strong rate performance over a wide temperature range, facilitated by the fast conformational dynamics of succinonitrile, with a capacity retention of 53% at 10C relative to 1C is observed.[2] References: [1] Becker, M.; Rentsch, D.; Reber, D.; Aribia, A.; Battaglia, C.; Kühnel, R.-S., The hydrotropic effect of ionic liquids in water‐in‐salt electrolytes. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.. 2021, 60, 14100. [2] Reber, D.; Borodin, O.; Becker, M.; Rentsch, D.; Thienenkamp, J.H.; Grissa, R.; Zhao, W.; Aribia, A.; Brunklaus, G.; Battaglia, C.; Kühnel, R.-S., Water/Ionic Liquid/Succinonitrile Hybrid Electrolytes for Aqueous Batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 2112138.
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15

Nie, Li-rong, Hang Song, Alula Yohannes, Siwei Liang, and Shun Yao. "Extraction in cholinium-based magnetic ionic liquid aqueous two-phase system for the determination of berberine hydrochloride in Rhizoma coptidis." RSC Advances 8, no. 44 (2018): 25201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra01745j.

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Five cholinium type organic magnetic ionic liquids have been applied in ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase systems by mixing with a series of inorganic salts, which is reported to extract berberine in quantitative analysis for the first time.
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16

McDaniel, Jesse, John Hymel, and Chloe Anne Renfro. "(Invited) Dielectric Screening of Ionic Liquids and Implications for Their Capacitance, Solvation, and Structural Properties." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 55 (October 9, 2022): 2098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02552098mtgabs.

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Development and utilization of ionic liquids for applications as electrolytes and solvents requires understanding their electrostatic interactions with solutes, co-solvents, and interfaces. In this regard, the bulk dielectric constant of an ionic liquid is of little use, but rather the dielectric response must be characterized at atomistic lengthscales. We will discuss the dielectric response of ionic liquids as computed from molecular dynamics simulations and statistical mechanical theory. We will then describe how the dielectric properties of ionic liquids are connected with observed trends in interfacial capacitance, solvation, and liquid structure. Comparisons will be made to aqueous electrolytes and molten salts, and similarities and differences will be discussed.
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17

Rodriguez, Javier, M. Dolores Elola, and D. Laria. "Ionic Liquid Aqueous Solutions under Nanoconfinement." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 116, no. 9 (February 28, 2012): 5394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp211101a.

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18

Fu, Dongbao, and Giuseppe Mazza. "Aqueous ionic liquid pretreatment of straw." Bioresource Technology 102, no. 13 (July 2011): 7008–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.04.049.

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19

Zara, Zeenat, Deepti Mishra, Saurabh Kumar Pandey, Eva Csefalvay, Fatemeh Fadaei, Babak Minofar, and David Řeha. "Surface Interaction of Ionic Liquids: Stabilization of Polyethylene Terephthalate-Degrading Enzymes in Solution." Molecules 27, no. 1 (December 26, 2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010119.

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The effect of aqueous solutions of selected ionic liquids solutions on Ideonella sakaiensis PETase with bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) substrate were studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations in order to identify the possible effect of ionic liquids on the structure and dynamics of enzymatic Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hydrolysis. The use of specific ionic liquids can potentially enhance the enzymatic hydrolyses of PET where these ionic liquids are known to partially dissolve PET. The aqueous solution of cholinium phosphate were found to have the smallest effect of the structure of PETase, and its interaction with (BHET) as substrate was comparable to that with the pure water. Thus, the cholinium phosphate was identified as possible candidate as ionic liquid co-solvent to study the enzymatic hydrolyses of PET.
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20

Yu, Xiaoliang, Xiaoyan Yuan, Zhengyi Xia, and Lixia Ren. "Self-assembly of magnetic poly(ionic liquid)s and ionic liquids in aqueous solution." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 41 (2018): 5116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py01254g.

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21

Atanassova, Maria, and Rositsa Kukeva. "Improvement of Gd(III) Solvent Extraction by 4-Benzoyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one: Non-Aqueous Systems." Separations 10, no. 5 (May 3, 2023): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10050286.

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The study of the liquid–liquid extraction of gadolinium (Gd(III) ion) with a chelating compound, 4-benzoyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (HP), and the determination of the process parameters are presented by employing two ionic liquids, namely, ([C1Cnim+][Tf2N−], n = 4, 10) and CHCl3, as diluents. Compared to CHCl3, the ionic liquid offers increased distribution ratios in an aqueous medium. A step forward, enhanced solvent extraction, and improved separation upon the addition of ethylene glycol are demonstrated, i.e., a boost of two immiscible organic phases, compared to traditional aqueous solutions. However, this is noticeable when using CHCl3, but unfortunately not with ionic liquid combination, [C1C10im+][Tf2N−]. Several conclusions are given, highlighting the role of the ionic diluent in complexation processes and selectivity with an employment of the chelating agent HP for various metal s-, p-, d-, and f-cations, i.e., nearly 25 metals. A detailed evaluation of the selectivity between these metals was made when changing both the aqueous phase completely with ethylene glycol or partially with glycerol (1:1). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has been used to study the established chemical species in the obtained organic extracts, such as Gd3+, Fe3+, Cu2+, and Cr3+, with unpaired electrons.
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22

Peter, Ildiko. "Effect of Ionic Liquid Environment on the Corrosion Resistance of Al-Based Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 750 (August 2017): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.750.97.

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Electrodeposition of Al and its alloys from ionic liquids has been extensively investigated during the years and has received significant consideration as non-aqueous electrolytes for the electrodeposition. As environment-friendly solvents, ionic liquids have also good prospective to substitute the old-style risky solvents. In this paper, the results obtained after monitoring of some Al based materials involved in the deposition process and in a real contact with chloride and ionic liquid rich environment are presented and discussed.
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23

Macchi, Samantha, Mohd Zubair, Nawab Ali, Grégory Guisbiers, and Noureen Siraj. "Tunable Cytotoxicity and Selectivity of Phosphonium Ionic Liquid with Aniline Blue Dye." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 6143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19535.

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Ionic liquids are an interesting class of materials that have recently been utilized as chemotherapeutic agents in cancer therapy. Aniline blue, a commonly used biological staining agent, was used as a counter ion to trihexyltetradecylphosphonium, a known cytotoxic cation. A facile, single step ion exchange reaction was performed to synthesize a fluorescent ionic liquid, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium aniline blue. Aqueous nanoparticles of this hydrophobic ionic liquid were prepared using reprecipitationmethod. The newly synthesized ionic liquid and subsequent nanoparticles were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. Transmission electron microscopy and zeta potential measurements were performed to characterize the nanoparticles’ morphology and surface charge. The photophysical properties of the nanoparticles and the parent aniline blue compound were studied using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Cell viability studies were conducted to investigate the cytotoxicity of the newly developed trihexyltetradecylphosphonium aniline blue nanoparticles in human breast epithelial cancer cell line (MCF-7) and its corresponding normal epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) in vitro. The results revealed that the synthesized ionic nanomedicines were more cytotoxic (lower IC50) than the parent chemotherapeutic compound in MCF-7 cells. Nanoparticles of the synthesized ionic liquid were also shown to be more stable in both aqueous and cellular media and more selective than parent compounds towards cancer cells.
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24

Liang, Qing, Jinsong Zhang, Xingguang Su, Qingwei Meng, and Jianpeng Dou. "Extraction and Separation of Eight Ginsenosides from Flower Buds of Panax Ginseng Using Aqueous Ionic Liquid-Based Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction Coupled with an Aqueous Biphasic System." Molecules 24, no. 4 (February 21, 2019): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040778.

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Ionic liquids (ILs) are recognized as a possible replacement of traditional organic solvents, and ILs have been widely applied to extract various compounds. The present work aims to extract ginsenosides from Panax ginseng flower buds using aqueous ionic liquid based ultrasonic assisted extraction (IL-UAE). The extraction yields of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids with different anions and alkyl chains were evaluated. The extraction parameters of eight ginsenosides were optimized by utilizing response surface methodology (RSM). The model demonstrated that a high yield of total ginsenosides could be obtained using IL-UAE, and the optimum extraction parameters were 0.23 M [C4mim][BF4], ultrasonic time of 23 min, temperature of extraction set to 30 °C, and liquid-solid ratio of 31:1. After that, an aqueous biphasic system (ABS) was used to separate ginsenosides further. The nature and concentration of salt, as well as the value of pH in ionic liquid were evaluated, and the optimal conditions (6.0 mL IL extract, 3 g NaH2PO4, and pH 5.0) were obtained. The preconcentration factor was 2.58, and extraction efficiency reached 64.53%. The results indicate that as a simple and efficient method, an IL-UAE-ABS can be considered as a promising method for extracting and separating the natural active compounds from medicinal herbs.
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25

Passos, Helena, Teresa B. V. Dinis, Emanuel V. Capela, Maria V. Quental, Joana Gomes, Judite Resende, Pedro P. Madeira, Mara G. Freire, and João A. P. Coutinho. "Mechanisms ruling the partition of solutes in ionic-liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems – the multiple effects of ionic liquids." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 13 (2018): 8411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp00383a.

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26

Dai, Ying, Bin Cao, Shimin Zhong, Guanbao Xie, Youqun Wang, Yuhui Liu, Zhibin Zhang, Yunhai Liu, and Xiaohong Cao. "Homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction of europium from aqueous solution with ionic liquids." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 319, no. 3 (January 28, 2019): 1219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-019-06419-7.

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27

Ha, Sung Ho, Ngoc Lan Mai, and Yoon-Mo Koo. "Butanol recovery from aqueous solution into ionic liquids by liquid–liquid extraction." Process Biochemistry 45, no. 12 (December 2010): 1899–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2010.03.030.

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28

Piekart, Jakub, and Justyna Łuczak. "Transport properties of microemulsions with ionic liquid apolar domains as a function of ionic liquid content." RSC Advances 6, no. 95 (2016): 92605–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra13061e.

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The conductivity, dynamic viscosity and diffusion coefficient of aqueous ionic liquid microemulsions were measured as a function of ionic liquid content. ​The conclusions from transport properties were supported by UV-Vis as well as FTIR measurements.
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29

Abejón, Ricardo, Javier Rabadán, Silvia Lanza, Azucena Abejón, Aurora Garea, and Angel Irabien. "Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes for Separation of Lignin Aqueous Solutions." Processes 6, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6090143.

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Lignin valorization is a key aspect to design sustainable management systems for lignocellulosic biomass. The successful implementation of bio-refineries requires high value added applications for the chemicals derived from lignin. Without effective separation processes, the achievement of this purpose is difficult. Supported ionic liquid membranes can play a relevant role in the separation and purification of lignocellulosic components. This work investigated different supported ionic liquid membranes for selective transport of two different types of technical lignins (Kraft lignin and lignosulphonate) and monosaccharides (xylose and glucose) in aqueous solution. Although five different membrane supports and nine ionic liquids were tested, only the system composed by [BMIM][DBP] as an ionic liquid and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a membrane support allowed the selective transport of the tested solutes. The results obtained with this selective membrane demonstrated that lignins were more slowly transferred from the feed compartment to the stripping compartment through the membrane than the monosaccharides. A model was proposed to calculate the effective mass transfer constants of the solutes through the membrane (values in the range 0.5–2.0 × 10−3 m/h). Nevertheless, the stability of this identified selective membrane and its potential to be implemented in effective separation processes must be further analyzed.
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Liu, Bao You, Feng Li, Jie Tian, and Hui Long Yang. "Properties of Acetamide-Alanine Eutectic Ionic Liquid and its Application in Soil Heavy Metal Cd2+ Remediation." Key Engineering Materials 842 (May 2020): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.842.115.

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In order to explore the feasibility of a class of eutectic ionic liquids in soil heavy metal repair problems. The acetamide-alanine eutectic ionic liquid was prepared and its properties of density, viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity were measured, and it’s application effect of Cd2+ extraction in soil was studied. The results showed that the extraction amount of Cd2+ in soil by the acetamide-alanine eutectic ionic liquid with a concentration of 0.6 mol/L reached the maximum of 99.67%. The physical properties of a melamine-alanine eutectic ionic liquid having a concentration of 0.6 mol/L at a temperature range of 303.15 K-343.15 K were determined. The 0.6 mol/L acetamide-alanine eutectic ionic liquid was compared with the ionic liquid and the related organic acid aqueous solution prepared under the same conditions, and the acetamide-alanine eutectic prepared by the experiment was found to be eutectic. The ionic liquid has better extraction efficiency for heavy metal Cd2+ under the same conditions, and is a good soil heavy metal extractant.
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Alguacil, Francisco J., and Félix A. Lopez. "Insight into the Liquid–Liquid Extraction System AuCl4−/HCl/A327H+Cl− Ionic Liquid/Toluene." Processes 9, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040608.

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The ionic liquid A327H+Cl− is generated by reaction of the tertiary amine A327 (industrial mixture of tri-octyl and tri-decyl amines) and hydrochloric acid solutions. In this study, the extraction of Au(III) by A327H+Cl− ionic liquid under various variables, including metal and ionic liquid concentrations, was investigated. Results indicate that A327H+AuCl4− is formed by an exothermic (ΔH° = −3 kJ/mol) reaction in the organic solution. Aqueous ionic strength influences the formation constant values, and the specific interaction theory (SIT) was used to estimate the interaction coefficient between AuCl4− and H+. Gold (III) was stripped using thiocyanate media, and from the strip solutions, gold was precipitated as gold nanoparticles.
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32

Mazan, Valérie, Isabelle Billard, and Nicolas Papaiconomou. "Experimental connections between aqueous–aqueous and aqueous–ionic liquid biphasic systems." RSC Advances 4, no. 26 (2014): 13371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra00645c.

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33

Stevens, Joseph C., Lalitendu Das, Justin K. Mobley, Shardrack O. Asare, Bert C. Lynn, David W. Rodgers, and Jian Shi. "Understanding Laccase–Ionic Liquid Interactions toward Biocatalytic Lignin Conversion in Aqueous Ionic Liquids." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 7, no. 19 (September 3, 2019): 15928–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b02151.

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34

Hernández-Fernández, Adrián, Eduardo Iniesta-López, Anahí Ginestá-Anzola, Yolanda Garrido, Antonia Pérez de los Ríos, Joaquín Quesada-Medina, and Francisco José Hernández-Fernández. "Polymeric Inclusion Membranes Based on Ionic Liquids for Selective Separation of Metal Ions." Membranes 13, no. 9 (September 13, 2023): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13090795.

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In this work, poly(vinyl chloride)-based polymeric ionic liquid inclusion membranes were used in the selective separation of Fe(III), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) from hydrochloride aqueous solutions. The ionic liquids under study were 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [omim+][PF6−] and methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride, [MTOA+][Cl−]. For this purpose, stability studies of different IL/base polymer compositions against aqueous phases were carried out. Among all polymer inclusion membranes studied, [omim+][PF6−]/PVC membranes at a ratio of 30/70 and [MTOA+][Cl−]/PVC membranes at a ratio of 70/30 were able to retain up to 82% and 48% of the weight of the initial ionic liquid, respectively, after being exposed to a solution of metal ions in 1 M HCl for 2048 h (85 days). It was found that polymer inclusion membranes based on the ionic liquid methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride allowed the selective separation of Zn(II)/Cu(II) and Zn(II)/Fe(III) mixtures with separation factors of 1996, 606 and, to a lesser extent but also satisfactorily, Cd(II)/Cu(II) mixtures, with a separation factor of 112. Therefore, selecting the appropriate ionic liquid/base polymer mixture makes it possible to create polymeric inclusion membranes capable of selectively separating target metal ions.
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35

Whitehead, Jacqueline A., Geoffrey A. Lawrance, and Adam McCluskey. "Analysis of Gold in Solutions Containing Ionic Liquids by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry." Australian Journal of Chemistry 57, no. 2 (2004): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch03198.

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The analysis of gold by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) in aqueous solution in the presence of up to 50% w/v of ionic liquid is reported. The ionic liquids investigated contain the 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium (bmIm) cation with the anions Cl–, BF4–, HSO4–, or N(CN)2–. A facile route to the HSO4– salt is also described. The presence of ionic liquids alter the nebulization efficiency and sample transport properties, and the AES signal intensity and apparent concentration of gold in solution is usually suppressed as a result, principally, of increased viscosity of solutions containing an ionic liquid. However, the counterplay between a lower surface tension and a higher viscosity is illustrated by the results for the [bmIm][BF4] ionic liquid. The presence of this liquid at low concentrations causes an enhanced apparent concentration of gold whereas at higher concentrations the apparent concentration is diminished as the viscosity of the solution increases. Comparative data with simple sodium salts is also reported. Use of the standard addition method to compensate for matrix effects in the presence of ionic liquids is effective.
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36

Cipta, Oktavianus Hendra, Anita Alni, and Rukman Hertadi. "Molecular Dynamics Study of Candida rugosa Lipase in Water, Methanol, and Pyridinium Based Ionic Liquids." Key Engineering Materials 874 (January 2021): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.874.88.

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The structure of Candida rugosa lipase can be affected by solvents used in the enzymatic reactions. Using molecular dynamics simulation as a tool to study the Candida rugosa lipase structure, we studied the effect of various solvent systems, such as water, water-methanol, and water-methanol-ionic liquid. These solvent systems have been chosen because lipase is able to function in both aqueous and non-aqueous medium. In this study, pyridinium (Py)-based ionic liquids were selected as co-solvent. The MD simulation was run for 50 nanoseconds for each solvent system at 328 K. In the case of water-methanol-ionic liquids solvent systems, the total number of the ionic liquids added were varied: 222, 444, and 888 molecules. Water was used as the reference solvent system. The structure of Candida rugosa lipase in water-methanol system significantly changed from the initial structure as indicated by the RMSD value, which was about 6.4 Å after 50 ns simulation. This value was relatively higher compared to the other water-methanol solvent system containing ionic liquid as co-solvent, which were 2.43 Å for 4Py-Br, 2.1 Å for 8Py-Br, 3.37 Å for 4Py-BF4 and 3.49 Å for 8Py-BF4 respectively. Further analysis by calculating the root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) of each lipase residue found that the presence of ionic liquids could reduce changes in the enzyme structure. This happened because the anion component of the ionic liquid interacts relatively more strongly with residues on the surface of the protein as compared to methanol, thereby lowering the possibility of methanol to come into contact with the protein.
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37

Alguacil, Francisco José, and Félix A. López. "Permeation of AuCl4− Across a Liquid Membrane Impregnated with A324H+Cl− Ionic Liquid." Metals 10, no. 3 (March 11, 2020): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10030363.

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In the system Au(III)-HCl-A324H+Cl−, liquid-liquid extraction experiments were used to define the extraction equilibrium and the corresponding extraction constant; furthermore, the facilitated transport of this precious metal from HCl solutions across a flat-sheet supported liquid membrane was investigated using the same ionic liquid as a carrier, and as a function of different variables: hydrodynamic conditions, concentration of gold(III) (0.01–0.1 g/L), and HCl (0.5–6 M) in the feed phase, and carrier concentration (0.023–0.92 M) in the membrane. An uphill transport equation was derived considering aqueous feed boundary layer diffusion and membrane diffusion as controlling steps. The aqueous diffusional resistance (Δf) and the membrane diffusional resistance (Δm) were estimated from the proposed equation with values of 241 s/cm and 9730 s/cm, respectively. The performance of the present carrier was compared against results yielded by other ionic liquids, and the influence that other metals had on gold(III) transport from both binary or quaternary solutions was also investigated. Gold was finally recovered from receiving solutions as zero valent gold nanoparticles.
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38

Jacobs, Jeroen, Koen Binnemans, and Luc Van Meervelt. "Liquid-liquid solvent extraction of rare earths: a crystallographic analysis." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314089931.

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Liquid-liquid solvent extraction has become the primary research topic for separating mixtures of rare-earths. [1] Current research on this topic focuses on extraction processes involving ionic liquids as basic extracting agents. In the aqueous phase, the rare-earth is coordinated by the anionic entities of the ionic liquid, forming an anionic complex. The large organic cation of the ionic liquid neutralizes the complex (ion-pair complex) and migrates the entity to an organic phase. The choice of these agents is solely based on the calculation of thermodynamical extraction parameters, whilst structural information about these compounds is rare or even non-existent. Our research focuses on obtaining structural information via crystallography on the above-mentioned molecules and relating the interactions between anion and cation to the stability of the complexes. A difference in stability between the anionic complex and cation can give a different extractability. Different rare-earth chloride salts were dissolved in an aqueous phase, containing ionic liquids with β-diketonate anions and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations. After the extraction, crystals of the formed compounds are grown from the organic phase and measured. Current results show us that an intermolecular non-classical C-H ... O hydrogen bond is persistent across the different molecules, whilst small interactions between the cation side chain and halogens on the β-diketonate add extra stability to the crystal structure. Structures formed with 2-thenolytrifluoroactylacetonate anions have no intention to form side chain interactions, leaving the alkyl chain of the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium in a void, whilst structures formed with hexafluoroacetylactonate have strong side chain interactions, which leads to a better packing. The different solubility of both compounds can be related to the different interactions and stability in the crystal structure.
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39

Venkatesan, K. A., Ch Jagadeeswara Rao, K. Nagarajan, and P. R. Vasudeva Rao. "Electrochemical Behaviour of Actinides and Fission Products in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/841456.

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In the recent past, room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are being explored for possible applications in nuclear fuel cycle. RTILs are being studied as an alternative to the diluent, n-dodecane (n-DD), in aqueous reprocessing and as possible substitute to high-temperature molten salts in nonaqueous reprocessing applications. This paper deals with the current status of the electrochemical research aimed at the recovery of actinides and fission products using room-temperature ionic liquid as medium. The dissolution of actinide and lanthanide oxides in ionic liquid media and the electrochemical behavior of the resultant solutions are discussed in this paper.
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40

Andanson, J. M., N. Papaiconomou, P. A. Cable, M. Traïkia, I. Billard, and P. Husson. "The role of association of ions in ionic liquid/molecular solvent mixtures on metal extraction." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 42 (2017): 28834–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp05886a.

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41

Bica, Katharina, Peter Gärtner, Philipp J. Gritsch, Anna K. Ressmann, Christian Schröder, and Ronald Zirbs. "Micellar catalysis in aqueous–ionic liquid systems." Chemical Communications 48, no. 41 (2012): 5013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cc31503c.

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42

Depoorter, Jérémy, Xibo Yan, Biao Zhang, Guillaume Sudre, Aurélia Charlot, Etienne Fleury, and Julien Bernard. "All poly(ionic liquid) block copolymer nanoparticles from antagonistic isomeric macromolecular blocks via aqueous RAFT polymerization-induced self-assembly." Polymer Chemistry 12, no. 1 (2021): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py00698j.

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All-poly(ionic liquid) block copolymer nanoparticles are prepared by aqueous RAFT PISA using a couple of isomeric ionic liquid monomers leading to macromolecular building blocks with antagonistic solution behavior in water.
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43

Chen, Dong Xuan, Xiao Kun OuYang, Yang Guang Wang, Li Ye Yang, and Di Yu. "Polysulfone Microcapsules Containing Ionic Liquid." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.273.

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Polysulfone microcapsules containing ionic liquid were successfully prepared in a two stage process and the influence factors on the microcapsules’ diameter had also been investigated. The result shows that the diameter of micro tube and the concentration of aqueous solution both have effect on the diameter of microcapsules. And the concentration of ionic liquid in dichloromethane can influence the microencapsulation capacity. This method to produce microcapsules is easy to control.
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44

Trtić-Petrović, Tatjana, and Aleksandra Dimitrijević. "Vortex-assisted ionic liquid based liquid-liquid microextraction of selected pesticides from a manufacturing wastewater sample." Open Chemistry 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0352-y.

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AbstractThe ionic liquid based vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (IL-VALLME) procedure was developed and validated for determination of four pesticides in a manufacturing wastewater sample: acetamiprid, imidacloprid, linuron and tebufenozide. The following ILs were tested as extractants: 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, and 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. The extraction efficiency and the enrichment factor dependencies on the type and amount of ionic liquids, extraction and centrifugation time, volume, pH and the ionic strength of the sample, were investigated. The concentration of pesticides in the aqueous and IL phases was determined by HPLC-DAD. The optimal conditions for extraction of the pesticides were determined: the aqueous sample volume of 10 mL with the addition of 0.58 g NaCl, 40 µL of the 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as extractant, 2 min extraction under vigorous mixing applying the vortex agitator, and separation of the phases by centrifugation for 2 min at 1000 rpm. The calibration curves of the pesticides showed good linear relationship (r2 ≥ 0.9996) in the concentration range from 0.005 to 1.00 mg L−1. Determined LOD values are 1.8, 2.3, 4.8 and 8.6 µg L−1 for Tebf, Linr, Acet and Imid, respectively. The optimized IL-VALLME was applied for determination of the pesticides in the pesticide manufacturing wastewater.
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45

Liu, Xinxin, Zhiyong Li, Yuanchao Pei, Huiyong Wang, and Jianji Wang. "(Liquid+liquid) equilibria for (cholinium-based ionic liquids+polymers) aqueous two-phase systems." Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 60 (May 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2013.01.002.

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46

Sun, Xiaowei, Zhimin Jin, Lei Yang, Jingwei Hao, Yuangang Zu, Wenjie Wang, and Wenbin Liu. "Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Procyanidins Using Ionic Liquid Solution fromLarix gmeliniiBark." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/541037.

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An ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction method has been developed for the effective extraction of procyanidins fromLarix gmeliniibark. So as to evaluate the performance of ionic liquids in ultrasonic-assisted extraction process, the effects caused by changes in the anion and the alkyl chain length of the cation on the extraction efficiency were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the characteristics of anions had remarkable effects on the extraction efficiency of procyanidins, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Bmim]Br) aqueous solution was the best among the investigated ionic liquids. The optimum conditions for the extraction were as follows: [Bmim]Br concentration 1.25 M, soak time 3 h, solid-liquid ratio 1 : 10, ultrasonic power 150 W, and ultrasonic time 30 min. This work not only introduces a simple, green, and highly efficient sample preparation method for extraction of procyanidins fromL. gmeliniibark, but also reveals the tremendous application potential of ionic liquids.
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47

Osmanbegovic, Nahla, Lina Yuan, Heike Lorenz, and Marjatta Louhi-Kultanen. "Freeze Concentration of Aqueous [DBNH][OAc] Ionic Liquid Solution." Crystals 10, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10030147.

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In the present work, freeze crystallization studies, as a novel concentration method for aqueous 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate ([DBNH][OAc]) ionic liquid solution, were conducted. In order to find the appropriate temperature and composition range for freeze crystallization, the solid–liquid equilibrium of a binary [DBNH][OAc]–water compound system was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results of this analysis showed that the melting temperature of the pure ionic liquid was 58 ℃, whereas the eutectic temperature of the binary compound system was found to be −73 ℃. The activity coefficient of water was determined based on the freezing point depression data obtained in this study. In this study, the lowest freezing point was −1.28 ℃ for the aqueous 6 wt.% [DBNH][OAc] solution. Ice crystal yield and distribution coefficient were obtained for two types of aqueous solutions (3 wt.% and 6 wt.% [DBNH][OAc]), and two freezing times (40 min and 60 min) were used as the main parameters to compare the two melt crystallization methods: static layer freeze and suspension freeze crystallization. Single-step suspension freeze crystallization resulted in higher ice crystal yields and higher ice purities when compared with the single-step static layer freeze crystallization. The distribution coefficient values obtained showed that the impurity ratios in ice and in the initial solution for suspension freeze crystallization were between 0.11 and 0.36, whereas for static layer freeze crystallization these were between 0.28 and 0.46. Consequently, suspension freeze crystallization is a more efficient low-energy separation method than layer freeze crystallization for the aqueous-ionic liquid solutions studied and, therefore, this technique can be applied as a concentration method for aqueous-ionic liquid solutions.
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48

Rodrigues, Rita F., Adilson A. Freitas, José N. Canongia Lopes, and Karina Shimizu. "Ionic Liquids and Water: Hydrophobicity vs. Hydrophilicity." Molecules 26, no. 23 (November 26, 2021): 7159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237159.

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Many chemical processes rely extensively on organic solvents posing safety and environmental concerns. For a successful transfer of some of those chemical processes and reactions to aqueous media, agents acting as solubilizers, or phase-modifiers, are of central importance. In the present work, the structure of aqueous solutions of several ionic liquid systems capable of forming multiple solubilizing environments were modeled by molecular dynamics simulations. The effect of small aliphatic chains on solutions of hydrophobic 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonylimide ionic liquids (with alkyl = propyl [C3C1im][NTf2], butyl [C4C1im][NTf2] and isobutyl [iC4C1im][NTf2]) are covered first. Next, we focus on the interactions of sulphonate- and carboxylate-based anions with different hydrogenated and perfluorinated alkyl side chains in solutions of [C2C1im][CnF2n+1SO3], [C2C1im][CnH2n+1SO3], [C2C1im][CF3CO2] and [C2C1im][CH3CO2] (n = 1, 4, 8). The last system considered is an ionic liquid completely miscible with water that combines the cation N-methyl-N,N,N-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium [N1 2OH 2OH 2OH]+, with high hydrogen-bonding capability, and the hydrophobic anion [NTf2]–. The interplay between short- and long-range interactions, clustering of alkyl and perfluoroalkyl tails, and hydrogen bonding enables a wealth of possibilities in tailoring an ionic liquid solution according to the needs.
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49

Wang, Liling, Minge Bai, Yuchuan Qin, Bentong Liu, Yanbin Wang, and Yifeng Zhou. "Application of Ionic Liquid-Based Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Bamboo Leaves." Molecules 23, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 2309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092309.

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Ionic liquids (ILs), known as environmentally benign “green” solvents, were developed as an optimal solvent for the green extraction and separation field. In this paper, an ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction (IL-UAE) of flavonoids (FVs) from bamboo leaves of Phyllostachys heterocycla was developed for the first time. First, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Bmim] Br), with the best extraction efficiency, was selected from fifteen ionic liquids with diverse structure, like carbon chains or anions. Then, the influencing parameters of ionic liquid (IL) concentration, liquid-solid ratio, ultrasonic time, and ultrasonic power, were investigated by single factor tests, and further optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). In the optimization experiment, the best conditions were 1.5 mol/L [BMIM]Br aqueous solution, liquid-solid ratio 41 mL/g, ultrasonic time 90 min, and ultrasonic power 300 W. Furthermore, the microstructures of bamboo leaves and the recovery of FVs and [BMIM]Br were also studied. Therefore, this simple, green and effective IL-UAE method has potentiality for the extraction of FVs from bamboo leaves for the large-scale operations.
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50

Jorda-Faus, Pepe, Enrique Herrero, and Rosa Arán-Ais. "Study of M(hkl)| Ionic Liquid Interfaces in Well-Defined Surroundings." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 55 (July 7, 2022): 2325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01552325mtgabs.

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Ionic liquids have very interesting properties for their use in electrochemistry: they have a wide potential window of stability, high electrical conductivity and can replace water in processes in which water is not an appropriate solvent. Because of that, the number of studies has increased exponentially in recent years. When used in electrocatalytic applications, the structure of the interphase alters the electrocatalytic response of the electrode. For this reason, the characterization of the interphase, and especially the nature of the interaction of the ionic liquid with the metal surface becomes an essential element in the study of these reactions. In most cases, the interaction between the ions and the metal surface is specific, that is, a chemical interaction between the ionic liquid and the surface is established. Then, the interaction will depend on the nature of the ionic liquid and the electronic properties of the surface. This implies that this interaction is structure-sensitive. Practical surfaces are composed of several types of sites, which have different geometries and different interactions with the ionic liquid so that the observed responses are difficult to analyze. The best way to simplify the problem is the use of single crystal electrodes, which have a well-defined surface atomic structure, which allows establishing correlations between surface structure and observed behavior. One of the main disadvantages of using ionic liquids in electrochemistry is their high viscosity, which hinders the diffusion of the electroactive species towards the electrode surface and thus, lowering the reaction rates. This has triggered the study of low viscosity ionic liquids, which are usually those based on the imidazole cation ([Im+]) and/or the bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl imide anion ([NTf2-]). It should be noted that the ionic liquid-electrode interphase is more complex than one in an aqueous medium. Ionic liquids have a higher electrostatic charge and interaction between the ions, which complicates the application of simple double-layer models. It is also important to highlight that, being organic compounds, they are prone to have impurities related to their synthesis processes, which can affect their physicochemical properties. In electrochemical systems in which ionic liquids are used, these liquids play the role of both solvent and electrolyte, which complicates the study of interactions, since the concentration of the ions is very high. To simplify the problem and to have a system with which to compare, ionic liquids can be dissolved in water. In this case, the concentration of the ions is reduced, facilitating their study. In addition, models are available to study and analyze their behavior. Thus, it is possible to analyze the effect of the concentration of the ionic liquid on its behavior and to extrapolate it to concentrations in which water is absent. In addition, due to the high hygroscopicity of ionic liquids, it is very difficult to completely eliminate water in practical applications. Furthermore, the presence of ionic liquids in aqueous solutions has been shown to catalyze some electrochemical reactions where small amounts of these have been shown to significantly increase the reaction rate. Thus, the aim of this work is to characterize the electrochemical behavior in water of the different ions that form the ionic liquids based in [Im]+ cation and ([NTf2]-) anion separately on platinum single crystal electrodes. To determine the role of each ion, different salts composed with at least one of the ions of interest ([Im]+ or ([NTf2]-)) will be used. The interactions of the ions and the electrode will be characterized using electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical techniques.
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