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Tront, Jacqueline Marie. "Plant Activity and Organic Contaminant Processing by Aquatic Plants." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5234.
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This research explored fate of organic contaminants in aquatic plant systems through (i) experimental development of relationships to describe sorption, uptake and enzymatic processing of contaminants by plants and inhibition of aquatic plants by contaminants and (ii) incorporation of experimental relationships into a conceptual model which describes contaminant fate in aquatic plant systems. This study focused on interactions of aquatic plants L. minor and M. aquaticum with halogenated phenols. 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) are precursors for the highly toxic and heavily applied herbicides 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D and were examined in detail. Chlorophenols are generally resistant to microbial degradation, a property which may limit microbial remediation options as effective alternatives for clean up of contaminated sites.
Relationships for fundamental interactions between plants and contaminants that dictate uptake, enzymatic processing and sequestration of contaminants by aquatic plants were established. An assay which quantified production of oxygen by plants was developed to quantify plant metabolic activity and inhibition. Uptake of chlorinated phenols depended on plant activity and aqueous phase concentration of contaminant in the protonated form. Therefore, plant activity, contaminant pKa and media pH were established as critical parameters controlling rate of contaminant uptake. A conceptual model was developed which incorporated plant activity and inhibition into a mathematical description of uptake of organic contaminants by aquatic plants. The conceptual model was parameterized using experimental data delineating effect of plant activity, inhibition and speciation on contaminant uptake and the model was verified using independently gathered data. Experimentation with radio-labeled chlorinated phenols established that contaminants were sequestered internal to plants by plant enzymatic processing. 19F NMR was established as a technique to quantify transformation and conjugation products internal to plants and contaminant assimilation by plants and demonstrated that multiple metabolites containing the parent compound were present and quantifiable internal to plants. Finally, fate of plant-sequestered contaminants in an anaerobic bioassay was examined using Desulfitobacterium sp. strain Viet1.
The results of this study address the role of aquatic plants in sequestration of contaminants in surface waters that indicate the potential and limitations of use of aquatic plants in natural and engineered treatment systems.
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Poli, Delci Magalhães. "Leitos cultivados utilizando crostas de eletrofusão da bauxita." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286836.
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Orientador: José Teixeira FilhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: O trabalho foi desenvolvido no campo experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, posição geográfica definida pelas coordenadas 22° 53' 22" LS e 47° 044' 39" LW. O estudo procurou verificar se a utilização de crostas de eletrofusão da bauxita como substrato, em leitos cultivados construídos ou "Constructeds Wetlands" com os vegetais aquáticos emergentes Typha sp, Canna limbata e Cyperus prolifer, interfere na dinâmica do pH, fósforo e nitrogênio presentes em águas residuárias domésticas. Foram utilizados 6 tanques artificiais, sendo constituído por 3 séries de duas unidades, com fluxo vertical e saídas subsuperficiais, nominados por série Typha, leitos 3.1 e 3.2; série Canna, leitos 2.1 e 2.2; série Cyperus 1.1 e 1.2 e preenchidos com crostas de eletrofusão da Bauxita. A dimensão de cada tanque é de 4 metros de comprimento por 3 metros de largura por 1 metro de altura, totalizando 12 m³. Em cada uma das séries foram plantados os vegetais Typha sp, Canna limbata e Cyperus prolifer respectivamente. O período de monitoramento foi de setembro de 2009 a fevereiro de 2010. O desempenho do foi avaliado considerando o desenvolvimento dos vegetais, quantidades e qualidades químicas das águas residuárias. As águas foram coletadas semanalmente, em dias aleatórios, nas entradas e saídas dos tanques durante o período monitorado; os vegetais foram colhidos, somente uma vez, no final do período. As vazões médias diárias e os pH médios ocorridos no período monitorado, observados no afluente e nas saídas da série Typha foram 962 l/dia, 864 l/dia e 804 l/dia; os pH foram 6,9; 8,6 e 9,0. Na série Canna as vazões foram 954 l/dia, 797 l/dia e 735 l/dia; os pH foram 6,9; 9,2 e 9,3. Na série Cyperus as vazões foram 792 l/dia, 723 l/dia e 664 l/dia; os pH foram 6,9; 9,0 e 9,1. Os tempos de detenções hidráulicas, considerando os leitos nas séries citadas foram: 4,2 dias e 4,6 dias; 4,0 dias e 4,6 dias e 4,3 dias e 4,4 dias. As porcentagens médias de retenções de nitrogênio total nos leitos, considerando as massas que entraram, por intermédio dos afluentes, durante o período monitorado foram: a) Série Typha 27% e 19%; b) Série Canna 35% e 19%; c) Série Cyperus 32% e 21%. As remoções realizadas pelos vegetais foram: a) Série Typha 26% e 9%; b) Série Canna 42% e 11%; Série Cyperus 22% e 15%. Em relação ao fósforo, as porcentagens médias de retenções, considerando as massas que entraram nos leitos por meio dos afluentes, foram: a) Série Typha 70% e 31%; b) Série Canna 73 e 19%; Série Cyperus 74% e 27%. As remoções realizadas pelos vegetais foram: a) Série Typha 11% e 4%; b) Série Canna 17% e 4%; c) Série Cyperus 7% e 11%. As massas vegetais totais secas produzidas foram: a) Série Typha 39,9 Kg e 11.2 Kg; b) Série Canna 50,5 Kg e 26,4 Kg; Série c) Cyperus 24 Kg e 15 Kg. O estudo mostrou que o substrato promoveu alterações na eficiência e eficácia da retenção e remoção de nutriente, crescimentos dos vegetais, produção de matéria seca e qualidades da água efluente
Abstract: The study was conducted in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, geographical position defined by coordinates 22° 53' 22" LS and 47° 04' 39" LW. The study examined whether the use of bauxite electrofusion crusts, as a substrate in constructed wetlands with emergent vegetables Typha sp, Canna limbata and Cyperus prolifer, interferes on the dynamics of pH, phosphorus and nitrogen present in domestic wastewater. It was used 6 artificial beds, consisting of 3 sets of two units with vertical flow and subsurface outflows, nominated by Typha series, 3.1 and 3.2 beds; series Canna, 2.1 and 2.2 beds, series Cyperus, 1.1 and 1.2 and filled with Bauxite electrofusion crusts. The size of each bed was 4 meters long by 3 meters wide by 1 meter high, totaling 12 m³. In each series the vegetables Typha sp, Canna limbata and Cyperus prolifer were planted respectively. The monitoring period was from September 2009 to February 2010. The performance was evaluated considering the development of plants, the chemical quantities and qualities of wastewater. The waters were collected weekly, on random days, at the entrances and exits of the beds during the monitoring period; the plants were harvested only once, at the end of each period. The average daily flow rates and average pH occurred during this period, observed in the tributary and the outflow of the series Typha were 962 l/day, 864 l/day and 804 l/day, the pH were 6.9, 8.6 and 9.0. In the series Canna flow rates were 954 l/day, 797 l/day and 735 l/day, the pH were 6.9, 9.2 and 9.3. In the series Cyperus flow rates were 792 l/day, 723 l/day and 664 l/day, the pH were 6.9, 9.0 and 9.1. The hydraulic detention time, considering the beds in the series cited were 4.2 days and 4.6 days, 4.0 days and 4.6 days and 4.3 days and 4.4 days. The average percentage of total nitrogen retention in the beds, considering the masses that came through the tributaries during the monitoring period was: a) Series Typha 27% e19% b) Series Canna 35% and 19%, c) Series Cyperus 32% and 21%. The removals conducted by the plants were : a) Series Typha 26% and 9%, b) Series Canna 42% and 11%; Series Cyperus 22% and 15%. Regarding the phosphorus, the average percentage of retention, considering the masses that entered the bed through the tributaries was: a) Series Typha 70% and 31%, b) Canna Series 73 and 19%; Series Cyperus 74% and 27 %. The removals conducted by the plant were: a) Series Typha 11% and 4%, b) Series Canna 17% and 4%, c) Cyperus Series 7% and 11%. The total dry plant mass produced were: a) Series Typha 39.9 Kg is 11.2 Kg b) Series Canna 50.5 kg is 26.4 kg; Series c) Cyperus 24 Kg is 15 Kg. The study has shown that the substrate promoted changes in the efficiency and effectiveness of nutrient removal and retention, growth of vegetables, dry material production and quality of effluent water
Mestrado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Mestre em Geografia
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Spósito, Thadeu Henrique Novais. "Matéria seca e acúmulo de nutrientes no aguapé utilizado para fitorremediação em águas residuárias de suinocultura /." Ilha Solteira, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180866.
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Orientador: Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira FilhoResumo: As águas residuárias de suinocultura (ARS) são consideradas um grande problema de cunho ambiental. Porém o aguapé (Eichhornia crassipes) parece ter uma capacidade de adaptação em meios com alta concentração da ARS, o que pode ser interessante para diminuir os nutrientes e as cargas orgânicas das ARS, cujo destino são mananciais ou até mesmo lagoas conhecidas como sumidouros, causando problemas ambientais, como a eutrofização. Neste sentido, objetivou-se analisar o polimento de água residuária de suinocultura em diferentes concentrações, por meio do cultivo de aguapé, determinou-se a concentração de elementos químicos presentes na ARS, assim como o acúmulo destes elementos na matéria seca e produção desta macrófita. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da ETEC (Colégio Agrícola) de Presidente Prudente - SP. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subdivididas e cinco repetições. As parcelas constituíram de três tratamentos (água potável “Testemunha”, diluição de 50% ARS e 100% ARS) e subparcelas com cinco períodos de coleta da ARS para análise química [0 (caracterização), 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias], sendo a coleta das plantas de aguapé realizada aos 28 dias, junto a última coleta da ARS. O cultivo de aguapé em 100% de ARS proporcionou maior absorção de nutrientes, desenvolvimento e acúmulo de matéria seca desta macrófita aquática, reduzindo gradativamente conforme vai diminuindo a concentração da ARS. Recomenda-se o cultivo do aguap... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Swine wastewater (SWW) is considered to be a major environmental problem, but water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) seems to have a capacity for adaptation in environments with high concentration of the same, which may be interesting to reduce nutrients and loads organic matter of this material, the destination of which are fountains or even ponds known as sinks, causing environmental problems such as eutrophication. In this sense, the aim of this study was to analyze the polishing SWW in different concentrations, by the E. crassipes crop, was determined the concentration of chemical elements present in the SWW, as well as the accumulation of these elements in the dry matter and production of this macrophyte. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the ETEC (Agricultural College) of Presidente Prudente - SP, Brazil. We used the fully randomized experimental design with split plots and five replications. The plots consisted of three treatments ("Witness" drinking water, 50% of SWW and 100% of SWW dilution) and the five-period ARS collection periods for chemical analysis [0 (characterization), 7, 14, 21 and 28 days]. The collection of the E. crassipes plants was carried out at 28 days along with the last SWW collection. The E. crassipes cropped in 100% SWW provided greater nutrient uptake, plant development and dry matter accumulation of this aquatic macrophyte, reducing gradually as the SWW concentration decreases. It is recommended the E. crassipes crop in SW... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Reeves, Justin. "Plant Finding Behavior of Phytophagous Insects and Biological Control of Aquatic Plants." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1285168402.
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Göthberg, Agneta. "Metal fate and sensitivity in the aquatic tropical vegetable Ipomoea aquatica." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7625.
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The aquatic plant Ipomoea aquatica is a popular vegetable in Southeast Asia, often cultivated in nutrient rich and polluted waters. The overall aim of this thesis was to estimate potential risks for human health and reduced plant growth due to accumulation and toxicity of total-Hg, methyl-Hg, Cd and Pb. In plants from cultivations in Thailand, the concentrations of Cd and Pb in the shoots were well beneath recommended maximum values for human consumption, but at some sites the Hg concentrations were high. It was demonstrated that I. aquatica has the capacity to accumulate much higher Cd and Pb concentrations in the shoots than found in field-cultivations, before exhibiting toxic symptoms. The Hg concentrations, however, occasionally reached levels that are toxic for the plant. Up to11% of total-Hg was methyl-Hg, the most toxic Hg species, though at one site it was 50-100%. To study if methyl-Hg is formed in I. aquatica, plants were exposed to inorganic Hg through the roots. Of the Hg that reached the young, metabolically active parts of the shoots, a part was transformed to methyl-Hg. A major proportion of absorbed metals was retained in the roots, which had a high tolerance for high internal metal concentrations. The nutrient level did influence accumulation and effects of Hg, Cd and Pb in I. aquatica. Low external nutrient levels resulted in increased metal accumulation in the shoots and in metal-induced toxic effects in the plant at low external metal levels. A generous supply of sulphur or nitrogen induced formation of thiol-rich peptides in I. aquatica, compounds that have a metal detoxifying effect in plants. To conclude, the levels of Cd and Pb in field cultivated I. aquatica do not pose any apparent threat to human health or risk for reduced plant growth. The levels of Hg however, were high at some sites and could be a health threat, for children and foetuses in particular, and especially considering the presence of methyl-Hg. The use of fertilizers is favourable as it reduces the risk for increased metal concentrations in I. aquatica and for reduced crop yields.
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White, Sean D. "Internal pressurisation and convective flow in two species of emergent macrophyte; Typha domingensis and Phragmites australis /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw5877.pdf.
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MacFarlane, Jeffrey Julius. "Diffusion, boundary layers and the uptake of nutrients by aquatic macrophytes /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm1431.pdf.
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Sabet, Mitra Deliri, and n/a. "Aquatic plants as indicators of heavy metal contamination." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061107.161814.
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Concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Mn, Fe and Pb) in the water columns,
aquatic plants and sediments of fourteen lakes of varied levels of pollution were
measured.
Correlation analysis was carried out between heavy metal concentrations in aquatic
plants and heavy metal concentrations in water and sediment. The aquatic plants
which accumulated heavy metals in their tissues in proportion to that in water and
sediments were identified.
The aquatic plants studied were: 8/yxa auberti Rich, Cabomba caroliniana Gray,
Ceratophyllum demersum L, Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Bron, Chara globularis,
Eichhornia crassipes Solmn, Hydrilla verticillata Royle, Ipomoea aquatica Forsk,
Limnophila aromatica (Lam.) Merr., Ludwigia adscendens (L) Hara, Nelumbo nucifera
Gaertn, Nymphaea stallata Linn, Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze, Typha angustata
Bony & Chaub and Utricularia aurea Lour.
Metal uptake by aquatic plants varied between different species and within the same
species depending on lake water contamination levels. The level of metal uptake to a
great extent was a function of the environment water metal concentration.
Results showed that Utricularia accumulated Mn, Zn, Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion
to the overlying waters (r2 = 0.69, 0.63, 0.69, 0.65 and 0.39 respectively). Hydrilla
accumulated Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion to the overlying waters
(r2 = 0.65, 0.66, 0.44, 0.72, 0.38, 0.63, and 0.73 respectively). Blyxa leaves
accumulated Zn, Fe, Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion to the overlying waters (r2 =
0.74, 0.74, 0.72, 0.60 and 0.82 respectively). Echhornia leaf accumulated only Cr in
direct proportion to the overlying waters r2 = 0.81. Nymphaea leaf and Chara did not
accumulate any metal in direct proportion to the overlying waters.
Roots of Blyxa auberti, Ceratopteris thalictroides, and Eichhornia crassipes contained
higher concentrations of heavy metals than their leaves. Roots of Blyxa accumulated
Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion to the overlying waters (r2 = 0.91, 0.65 and 0.69
respectively). Echhornia root accumulated Cd in direct proportion to the overlying
waters with r2 = 0.90. Nymphaea stem showed no significant correlations between the
metal concentrations in the waters and in the plant.
Utricularia accumulated Zn, Fe, Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion to the metals in the
underlying sediment extracted by cold hydrochloric acid (r2 = 0.84, 0.51, 0.47, 0.68 and
0.80 respectively). Hydrilla accumulated Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion to
the underlying sediment (r2 = 0.34, 0.37, 0.91, 0.49 and 0.96 respectively). Blyxa
accumulated Zn, Fe, Cr, Cd and Pb in direct proportion to the underlying sediments (r2
= 0.99, 0.61, 0.82, 0.75 and 0.64 respectively) . Echhornia leaf showed significant
correlation between the Cu (r2 = 0.83) and Cr (i2 = 0.88) concentration in underlying
sediment and the plant. Nymphaea leaf showed a significant correlation between the
Zn (r2 = 0.83) concentration in the plant and the underlying sediments.
Roots of Blyxa showed significant correlation between concentrations of Cu, Cr and Pb
in sediment extracted by hydrochloric acid and plant (r2 = 0.9, 0.7 and 0.9
respectively). Roots of Echhornia had no significant correlation with the sediment
metal concentrations (hydrochloric acid extractable).
Two techniques (cold hydrochloric acid extractable and nitric acid extractable) to
extract metals from sediment were compared. Based on correlations of metal
concentrations in plant tissue and metal extracted from the sediment, it was concluded
that the cold hydrochloric acid extractable metal technique is more suitable for
determining bioavailable sediment metal concentration in environmental studies.
Laboratory studies investigations on the bioaccumulation of Zn and Cu in Hydrilla
confirmed that Hydrilla is a good bioindicator of Cu as it accumulated 20360 ug/g dry
weight of Cu in 72 hours. Hydrilla showed higher bioaccumulation factor with low
concentration of Cu in the solution, in the laboratory studies.
Hydrilla was determined to be the best indicator species as it reflected the heavy metal
concentration in the environment which was supported by the laboratory studies.
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Forster, Rodney Malcolm. "The control of photosynthetic capacity in aquatic plants." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317439.
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Littles, Chanda Jones. "Effects of rapid salinity change on submersed aquatic plants." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011820.
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Damiri, Basma. "Risk characterization for boron and aquatic plants and animals." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202498572/.
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Kelly, Wanda Jean. "Geometrical relationships specifying the phyllotactic pattern of aquatic plants." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8074.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Lu, Qin. "Evaluation of aquatic plants for phytoremediation of eutrophic stormwaters." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024791.
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Reinhold, Dawn Marie. "Fate of fluorinated organic pollutants in aquatic plant systems studies with lemnaceae and lemnaceae tissue cultures /." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26506.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Committee Chair: Saunders, F. Michael; Committee Member: Huang, Ching-Hua; Committee Member: Hughes, Joseph; Committee Member: Loeffler, Frank; Committee Member: Pullman, Gerald; Committee Member: Spain, Jim. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Santana, Harrson Silva 1984. "Bioadsorção de íons de Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+ Ni2+ e Zn2+ pela macrófita aquática Limnobium spongia." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266699.
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Orientadores: Meuris Gurgel Carlos da Silva, Sirlei Jaiana KleinübingDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a bioadsorção dos íons Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+ e Zn2+ pela macrófita aquática Limnobium spongia em sistema estático. Diagramas de especiação em função do pH, foram simulados usando o software HYDRA, de modo a se conhecer as diferentes espécies em meio aquoso, nas condições estudadas. Observa-se que em pH<5,0 não ocorre precipitação para todos os íons estudados. A técnica de Espectroscopia na Região do Infravermelho (FTIR) foi utilizada para identificação dos grupos funcionais presentes no bioadsorvente, que poderiam estar envolvidos no processo de bioadsorção. Observou-se que os grupos aminos, amidas e ácidos carboxílicos participam do processo de bioadsorção dos íons metálicos estudados. Para análise da superfície do bioadsorvente nas diferentes condições estudadas foi utilizada a Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). A técnica de EDX (Espectroscopia de Raios X por Energia Dispersiva) acoplada a MEV foi utilizada para caracterizar as espécies naturalmente presentes na macrófita e fazer um mapeamento da distribuição das diferentes espécies metálicas bioadsorvidas. Verificou-se grande quantidade de íons Mg2+, Na2+, Al3+, e Ca2+, naturalmente presentes na macrófita e redução destes íons após a bioadsorção dos íons metálicos estudados, indicando que o mecanismo de troca iônica pode estar ocorrendo. Modificações químicas da biomassa foram efetuadas a fim de aumentar a sua capacidade de bioadsorção. O tratamento com NaOH (0,1M) provocou uma elevação na capacidade de remoção de 35, 20, 10, 11 e 15% para os íons Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+ e Zn2+, respectivamente. Foi realizado um estudo estático (cinético e de equilíbrio) da bioadsorção das diferentes espécies metálicas pela macrófita L. spongia nas temperaturas de 20, 30 e 40 ºC. Pelo estudo cinético observa-se que nos primeiros 90 minutos o sistema macrófita/íon metálico entra em equilíbrio para todas as espécies estudadas. As quantidades máximas adsorvidas, de acordo com o modelo de Langmuir foram de 0,65; 1,29; 0,69 e 0,83 mmol g-1, para os íons Cd2+, Pb2+, Ni2+ e Zn2+, respectivamente, na temperatura de 40 °C e 0,83 mmol g-1 para o Cu2+ na temperatura de 20 °C. Diferentes soluções eluentes foram testadas na dessorção dos diferentes íons metálicos. Foram estudados, ainda, três ciclos de bioadsorção/dessorção, sendo verificado que a macrófita manteve suas características de bioadsorção
Abstract: This study had the objective of evaluating the bioadsorption of Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ by macrophyte Limnobium spongia in static system. Speciation diagrams as a function of pH were simulated using the software HYDRA, in order to know the various species in the aqueous solutions under the conditions studied. It is observed that at pH <5.0, precipitation does not occur for all ions studied. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique was used to identify the functional groups presented in biosorbent, which could be involved in the bioadsorption process. In order to analyze the biosorbent surface in different conditions, the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used. The EDX (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy X ray) technique coupled with SEM was used to characterize the own species of macrophytes and to map the distribution of the various metal species on the bioadsorbent surface. There was a large amount of Mg2+, Na2+, Al3+, and Ca2+ ions naturally presented in the macrophyte and the reduction of these ions after bioadsorption, indicating that the ion exchange mechanism may be occurring. Biomass chemical modifications were performed in order to increase by bioadsorption capacity. The treatment with NaOH (0.1 M) caused an increase in the removal capacity of 35, 20, 10, 11 and 15% for Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+, respectively. A bioadsorption static study was conducted (kinetic and equilibrium) of different metal species by macrophyte at temperatures of 20, 30 and 40 ºC. The kinetic study shows that in 90 minutes the system macrophyte / metal ion comes into equilibrium for all species. The maximum bioadsorbed amounts, according to the Langmuir model, were 0.65, 1.29, 0.69 and 0.83 mmol g-1 for Cd2+, Pb2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+, respectively, at a temperature of 40 ºC and 0.83 mmol g-1 for Cu2+ at 20ºC. Different eluents were tested in solutions of different metal ions desorption. Furthermore, the study of three biosorption/desorption cycles were made and it was verified that the macrophyte kept their biosorption characteristics
Mestrado
Engenharia de Processos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
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Larson, Daniel. "Non-indigenous freshwater plants : patterns, processes and risk evaluation /." Uppsala : Dept. of Environmental Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200715.pdf.
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Ström, Emma. "Leachate treatment and anaerobic digestion using aquatic plants and algae." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57512.
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Phytoremediation as a way to control and lessen nutrient concentrations in landfill leachate is a cheap and environmentally sustainable method. Accumulated nutrients in the plants can then be removed by harvesting and anaerobically digesting the biomass. This study presents two aquatic plants (L. minor (L.) and P. stratiotes (L.)) and one microalgae species (C. vulgaris (L.)), their capacities for growth and nutrient removal in leachate from Häradsudden landfill, Sweden, are investigated. The biogas potential of the two plants is determined via anaerobic digestion in a batch run, followed by a lab-scale reactor run for L. minor only. Results show that growth in leachate directly from the landfill is not possible for the selected species, but at a leachate dilution of 50% or more. Nutrients are removed in leachates with plants to a higher extent than in leachates without, yet the actual amounts do not differ notably between plant species. L. minor proves a better choice than P. stratiotes despite this as growth is superior for L. minor under the experimental conditions of this study. Considering biogas production, L. minor gives more methane than P. stratiotes according to the results from the batch run. The former is however not suitable for large-scale anaerobic digestion unless as an additional feedstock due to practical cultivation issues.
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Becker, Lindsey M. "Aquatic invertebrate, vegetation, and hydrology assessment of Long Meadow Lake prior to effects of hydrological manipulations /." Link to full text, 2007. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/thesis/2007/Becker.pdf.
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Nachtrieb, Julie G. Kennedy James H. "The impact of invertebrates to four aquatic macrophytes Potamogeton nodosus, P. illinoensis, Vallisneria americana and Nymphaea mexicana /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9058.
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Begg, Fiona H. "Anthropogenic '1'4C in the natural (aquatic) environment." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300458.
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Souza, Clara Sampaio Dias de. "Levantamento floristico da restinga de Maraú, Sul do Estado da Bahia : chave interativa de entradas multiplas para identificação das plantas aquaticas e palustres." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315653.
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Orientadores: Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral, Andre Marcio Araujo AmorinDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: As restingas são áreas com vegetação bem estudada nas regiões sudeste e sul do Brasil, mas ainda faltam dados publicados sobre esses ambientes no norte e nordeste do país. Esses ecossistemas fazem parte do bioma da Mata Atlântica, e muito dessa vegetação já foi perdida durante todos os anos de degradação (da cobertura original restam apenas 7% da Mata Atlântica). Esse cenário é ainda pior no nordeste do país onde não há áreas de preservação que compreendam restingas em suas delimitações. Uma feição das restingas, que são as áreas palustres e lagoas, são ainda menos estudadas. As áreas palustres são caracterizadas por passarem por uma fase de alagamento durante o período chuvoso. Para facilitar o acesso ao conhecimento das plantas presentes nas restingas são necessárias publicações de listas de espécies e chaves de identificação, estas últimas tão escassas para o ambiente palustre. Durante a realização desse trabalho uma chave interativa de identificação foi elaborada para todas as espécies aquáticas e palustres encontradas na restinga da Península de Maraú, Costa do Dendê, sul do estado da Bahia. Essa chave foi elaborada com o programa de computador Lucid v.3.4, que possibilita a inserção dos caracteres e seus estados de forma hierárquica e relacionados aos taxa. Existem muitas vantagens dessas chaves sobre as dicotômicas: uso irrestrito de caracteres, modificações em tempo real, figuras e imagens disponíveis, e uma medida percentual ao lado dos táxons restantes, após a escolha dos caracteres pelo usuário, apontam a probabilidade desses serem o táxon buscado. As coletas foram realizadas durante os anos de 2006 a 2008, nos meses de maio, setembro e dezembro no ano de 2006; fevereiro, maio e julho no ano de 2007; e em janeiro de 2008. Para o material digital fotos das partes vegetativas e reprodutivas foram tiradas de todas as espécies possíveis. Baseados nos espécimes coletados foram identificados 86 espécies. A família Cyperaceae foi a mais representativa com 19 espécies, e 11 gêneros. Mas o grupo das "dicotiledôneas" apresentou 19 famílias identificadas, enquanto as monocotiledôneas tiveram 8 famílias identificadas. Entre as espécies identificadas 13 foram consideradas como novas ocorrências para o local, ou seja, não haviam sido coletadas antes. Após a comparação com floras em restingas de outros estdos observou-se algumas semelhanças. Mas houve semelhanças também com uma flora do campo rupestre do Pico das Almas, o que pode ser relacionado como disjunção. Mais coletas e outras análises com comparações mais detalhadas seriam necessárias para que esse fato fosse confirmado. A península de Maraú parece ser uma área de potencial preservação por apresentar características semelhantes a outras áreas de restinga que são unidades de conservação e de preservação permanente (Parque Nacional de Jurutiba e restinga da Marambaia, ambas no estado do Rio de Janeiro). Mais coletas são necessárias para o aumento do conhecimento da vegetação dessa área, que talvez seja uma das últimas áreas de restinga bem preservada no estado da Bahia.
Abstract: The "restinga" (costal plains on sandy soils) vegetation is well studied in the southeastern and southern regions of Brazil, but published data are still lacking for these environments in the North and Northeast of the country. These ecosystems are part of the Atlantic Forest biome, and much of the vegetation has been lost during all the years of destruction (of the original coverage only 7% of the Atlantic Forest is left). This scenario is even worse in the northeast of the country where there are no areas of preservation that have "restingas" included. One part of the "restinga", the areas with swamps and ponds, is even less studied. Those swamps are characterized by going through a period of flooding during the rainy season. To make accession to the knowledge of "restinga" plants easier publications of lists of species and identification keys are required, the latter specially for this environment. During the completion of this work an interactive identification key was prepared for all aquatic and swamp species found on the "restinga" from the Peninsula of Maraú, Coast of Dendê, in the south of Bahia state. This key was developed with the computer program Lucid v.3.4, which enables the insertion of the characters and their status in a hierarchical structure and related these to the taxa. There are many advantages of such keys over dichotomic key: unrestricted use of characters, changes in real time, figures and images can be included, and a measure of percentage of the other taxa, after the choice of characters by the user, points to the likelihood of it being searched taxon. Specimens were collected during the years from 2006 to 2008; in the months of May, September and December in the year 2006; February, May and July in the year 2007; and in January 2008. Digital photos of the vegetative and reproductive elements were taken of all species whenever possible. The specimens were identified as belonging to 83 species. The family Cyperaceae was the most represented with 19 species in 11 genera. But dicots presented 19 identified families, while the monocots had 8 identified families. Among the species identified 13 were considered as new events for the place, it means that had not been collected before. A comparison with the flora in restinga of other states some similarities where identified. But there were also similarities with a flora of the "campo rupestre" of Pico das Almas, which can be related as disjunction. More collections and other analyses would be needed to confirm the data. The peninsula of Maraú seems to be an area of potential preservation by presenting similar characteristics as other areas of restinga which are units of conservation and of permanent preservation (National Park of Jurutiba and restinga of Marambaia, both in the state of Rio de Janeiro). More colectors of non-aquatic and aquatic habitats are needed to increase the knowledge of the vegetation of that area, which is perhaps one of the last well preserved areas of restinga in the state of Bahia.
Mestrado
Mestre em Biologia Vegetal
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Summers, Jacqueline Elizabeth. "Regulation of shoot extension in overwintering tubers of Potamogeton pectinatus L in aerobic and anaerobic conditions." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337261.
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Watanabe, Shohei. "Subsurface light conditions and light attenuation mechanisms in Missouri reservoirs /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1426113.
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Landry, J. Brooke. "Changes in the distribution and density of Florida Bay macrophytes: 1995-2004 /." Electronic version (PDF), 2005. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2005/landryj/jbrookelandry.pdf.
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Newbolt, Chad Haynes Hepp Gary R. "Environmental parameters related to growth of submersed aquatic vegetation in the lower Mobile Delta, Alabama." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/NEWBOLT_CHAD_22.pdf.
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Quayyum, H. A. "Interference of aquatic plants associated with wild rice (Zizania palustris L.)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/MQ33436.pdf.
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Iles, William James Donaldson. "The phylogeny and evolution of two ancient lineages of aquatic plants." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44466.
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In my thesis I aim to improve our phylogenetic and evolutionary knowledge of two ancient and distantly related groups of aquatic flowering plants, Hydatellaceae and Alismatales. While the phylogeny of monocots has received fairly intense scrutiny for two decades, some parts of its diversification have been less frequently investigated. One such lineage is the order Alismatales, which defines one of the deepest splits in monocot evolution. Many families of Alismatales are aquatic or semi-aquatic, and they have been implicated in historical discussions of monocot origins. I evaluate inter-familial relationships in the order, considering a suite of 17 plastid genes for 31 Alismatales taxa for all 13 recognized families. This study improves on our understanding of, and confidence in, higher-order Alismatales relationships. I also uncovered convergent gene loss of plastid-encoded subunits for the NADH dehydrogenase complex. I then expand monocot coverage outside Alismatales by including unpublished and newly sequenced data for other
orders. This large-scale sample facilitated a re-evaluation of monocot phylogeny and molecular dating, the latter using 25 fossil constraints. Previously included in the monocot order Poales, Hydatellaceae are a small family of ephemeral aquatics relatively recently found to be the sister group of water lilies (Cabombaceae and Nymphaeaceae). I present the first molecular
phylogeny of the family and evaluate aspects of the family's morphological evolution. I show how sexual system shifts are associated with shifts in other
reproductive traits. I also infer a temporal scale for Hydatellaceae diversification using a two-step Bayesian approach. I use the resulting dated tree to address biogeographic patterns and aspects of niche evolution. I show that its "Gondwanan" distribution is the result of long-distance dispersal and not continental rifting, and demonstrate strong phylogenetic niche conservatism in the family. These studies expand our understanding of evolution in Hydatellaceae, and provide a substantial update to our understanding of Alismatales (and more generally monocot) phylogeny and divergence times.
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Maharjan, Renu. "Phytoremediation of Selected Pharmaceuticals by and their Phytotoxicity to Aquatic Plants." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1396172003.
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O'Reilly, Kirk Thomas. "The role of copper in the apparent aluminum toxicity of aquatic systems." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3522.
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The effect of variations in aluminum and copper concentrations on the growth rate and enzyme activity of the green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda was investigated. The goal was to determine which chemical species control the biological parameters. The computer program MINEQL (Westal et al 1976) was used to estimate chemical speciation. In the prevalence of both metals, algal growth rate and alkaline phosphatase activity could be correlated to cupric ion activity. The activity of isolated bacterial alkaline phosphatase was found to be a function of both total copper concentration and cupric ion activity. A model was developed to predicted the effects on alkaline phosphatase of perturbation in aquatic chemistry.
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MacÃdo, JoemÃlia ConceiÃÃo AraÃjo. "Distribution of functional groups of aquatic plants in coastal wetlands of northeastern Brazil." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14346.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoAs plantas aquÃticas situadas em lagoas costeiras apresentam traÃos funcionais selecionados por condiÃÃes abiÃticas e relacionados à histÃria de vida, que lhes permitiram a colonizaÃÃo e estabelecimento nesses ambientes. O presente trabalho testou as seguintes hipÃteses: (1) que as espÃcies possuem um padrÃo homogÃneo de traÃos funcionais, resultando na formaÃÃo de poucos grupos; (2) que as variÃveis limnolÃgicas e pedolÃgicas atuam como filtro que selecionam esses traÃos e interferem na distribuiÃÃo das populaÃÃes na lagoa. Desta forma os traÃos funcionais das espÃcies presentes numa lagoa costeira do nordeste brasileiro foram analisados por meio de uma amostragem por transectos. Amostras de sedimento foram retiradas e analisadas em laboratÃrio. Os parÃmetros limnolÃgicos foram aferidos em campo, assim como a profundidade da lÃmina dâÃgua e a distÃncia de ocorrÃncia das espÃcies em relaÃÃo à margem. Os dados biolÃgicos evidenciaram a formaÃÃo de dois grupos funcionais, corroborando a primeira hipÃtese. PorÃm, as variÃveis abiÃticas foram associadas à distribuiÃÃo de poucas populaÃÃes, refutando a segunda hipÃtese. Com isso concluÃmos que a comunidade de plantas aquÃticas analisada à formada por traÃos semelhantes e os efeitos abiÃticos nÃo sÃo determinantes para formaÃÃo destes grupos.
Aquatic plants located in coastal lagoons have functional traits selected by abiotic conditions and related to the history of life, which allowed them to colonization and establishment in these environments. The present study tested the following hypotheses: (1) that the species have a homogeneous pattern of functional traits, resulting in the formation of a few groups; (2) that the limnological variables and soil act as a filter to select those traits and interfere in the distribution of populations in the pond. Thus the functional traits of the species present in a coastal lagoon in northeastern Brazil were analyzed using a sampling transects. Sediment samples were taken and analyzed in the laboratory. The limnology parameters were measured in the field, as well as the depth of the water depth and the occurrence of species away from the margin. Biological data showed formation of two functional groups, supporting the first hypothesis. But the abiotic variables were associated with the distribution of a few people, refuting the latter. Thus we conclude that the community of aquatic plants analyzed is formed by similar traits and abiotic effects are not decisive for the formation of these groups.
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Comstock, Kelly K. "Transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by the aquatic plant myriophyllum spicatum." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21272.
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Tatu, Ketan. "An assessment of impacts of mute swans (Cygnus olor) on submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4504.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 161 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some part col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Silva, Carolina Vieira [UNESP]. "Composição e abundância da comunidade de macroinvertebrados aquáticos associados à Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth e suas relações com as variáveis abióticas em seis lagoas laterais ao Rio paranapanema - SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99434.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a composição taxonômica e a densidade de macroinvertebrados associados à macrófita Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth em seis lagoas laterais ao Rio Paranapanema em sua zona de desembocadura na Represa de Jurumirim – SP. As amostragens foram realizadas em março e agosto de 2009, supostamente meses de estações chuvosa e seca, respectivamente. Em cada uma das seis lagoas, foram selecionados três bancos distintos de E. azurea para coleta do material biológico (macrófita e fauna associada) e medida das variáveis limnológicas: profundidade, transparência, temperatura, pH, condutividade elétrica e concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido e material em suspensão. A amostragem de E. azurea foi realizada com um retângulo de 0,1976 m2, utilizando-se uma tesoura de jardinagem para retirada do material vegetal, que foi lavado em solução de formol e água para remoção dos macroinvertebrados associados. Entre os períodos estudados diferenças significativas (p<0,05) foram encontradas tanto para as variáveis limnológicas, quanto para a densidade de alguns dos taxa de macroinvertebrados. Na comparação das lagoas entre si em março e agosto, com relação as variáveis limnológicas e densidade dos taxa de macroinvertebrados (em níveis de grandes grupos), o Teste Tukey apontou mais diferenças significativas (p<0,05) para março, embora alguns dos taxa de macroinvertebrados associados à E. azurea não tenha apresentado diferença significativa entre as lagoas em nenhum dos períodos amostrados. De acordo com a análise de componentes principais, o pH e oxigênio dissolvido são as variáveis que melhor explicam a ordenação das lagoas nos períodos de estudo. Com relação à fauna associada, em ambos os períodos a classe Insecta foi a mais abundante (com destaque a família Chironomidae), seguida pelo filo Crustacea e pela classe Clitellata...
The aim of this study was to analyze the taxonomic composition and density of macroinvertebrates associated with macrophyte Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth in six lagoons to the river side Paranapanema in its mouth zone into the Jurumirim Reservoir - SP. Samples were held in March and August 2009, supposedly months of rainy and dry seasons, respectively. In each of the six lagoons three different stands of E. azurea were selected for collecting biological material (macrophytes and associated fauna) and measurement of limnological variables: depth, transparency, temperature, pH, electric conductivity and concentrations of dissolved oxygen and suspended solids. The sampling of E. azurea was performed with a rectangle of 0,1976 m2, gardening shears was used to remove the plant material, which was washed in a solution of formaldehyde and water to remove associated macroinvertebrates. Between the two periods significant differences (p <0,05) were found for both limnological variables, and for the density of some of the taxa macroinvertebrates. In comparison with each other lagoons in March and August, related limnological variables and density of taxa of macroinvertebrates (levels in large groups), the Tukey test showed more significant differences (p <0,05) in March, although some of taxa of macroinvertebrates associated with E. azurea has not presented significant difference between the lagoons in any period sampled. According to principal components analysis, pH and dissolved oxygen are the variables that best explain the ordering of lagoons during the study periods. With respect to the associated fauna, in both periods the class Insecta was the most abundant (especially the family Chironomidae), followed by phylum Crustacea and the class Clitellata. However, comparing the richness of taxa in the months of sampling, it appears that higher values were recorded in August period... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Bonar, Scott A. "Efficacy of sterile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) for aquatic plant control in the Pacific Northwest /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5352.
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Marwood, Christopher A. "Chlorophyll fluorescence as a mechanistic bioindicator of photosynthetic inhibition in aquatic plants." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0003/NQ43266.pdf.
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Bailey, David E. "Wetland Vegetation Dynamics and Ecosystem Gas Exchange in Response to Organic Matter Loading Rates." W&M ScholarWorks, 2006. http://www.vims.edu/library/Theses/Bailey06.pdf.
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Sandberg, Dustin Cody. "Host Affiliations and Geographic Distributions of Fungal Endophytes Inhabiting Aquatic Plants in Northern Arizona, USA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293649.
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Fungal communities of aquatic ecosystems are understudied, leaving major gaps in estimating global fungal biodiversity. In particular, little is known regarding the distinctiveness of (1) aquatic endophytes vs. those in terrestrial plants, and (2) waterborne fungi vs. those inhabiting aquatic plants or sediments. I assessed the diversity, composition, host affiliations, and geographic structure of culturable endophytes associated with aquatic angiosperms in reservoirs in northern Arizona, and their distinctiveness relative to waterborne- and sediment fungi. Endophytes were low in abundance yet extremely diverse. Communities differed significantly in composition among reservoirs and tissues. Aquatic endophytes were largely distinct from those in terrestrial plants, and from those in water and sediment, but did not demonstrate host specificity. This work reveals the uncommon diversity and distinctiveness of endophytes in aquatic plants, and provides a first quantitative estimation of endophytic associations in diverse, ecologically important, and economically relevant aquatic plants.
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Jackson, Leland J. (Leland Joseph). "Rooted aquatic macrophytes and the cycling of littoral zone metals." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39449.
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The general goal of this thesis was to examine and quantify the role of rooted submerged aquatic macrophytes in the cycling of metals in the littoral zone. An empirical study using data from an extensive literature survey showed that aquatic plants do not differ markedly in element composition from the sediments in which they grow, and that during uptake the plant's roots do not discriminate between elements essential and not essential for growth. The organic content, pH and redox potential of the sediments were shown to affect the bioavailability of metals to the plants. Biomass density was used to categorize species to assess broad patterns in plant-sediment metal relationships. It was found that the presence/absence of an understory contributed variation to the plant-sediment metal relationships. The role of rooted macrophytes as vectors for various elements between the sediments and attached epiphyte was quantified by growing Myriophyllum spicatum in radio-labelled sediments. This species was found to be a link between the sediments and attached epiphytes for the 4 elements studied (Co, Cs, Eu and Mn). Finally, the export of dissolved metals from weedbeds during plant senescence was quantified using a mass balance approach. It was found that approximately 15% to 30% (depending on the metal) of the metal inventory of the plants at maximum seasonal biomass was lost as dissolved compounds during senescence. During the growing season the macrophyte beds were net sources of metals to the lake, but were net sinks annually.
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Madgwick, Genevieve. "Long term changes in aquatic plant communities in English lowland lakes." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2270.
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This thesis looks into the use of historical macrophyte records to assess long term changes in macrophyte communities in lakes and potential reasons for these changes. In particular it uses historical records to assess changes in macrophyte communities in the Norfolk Broads and West Midland Meres, two sets of lowland, eutrophic lakes in England. It provides a critical examination of the use of historical records, highlighting some of the constraints common to such data such as variations in recording effort, and bias in species recording and site selection. Having acknowledged these issues we then go on to develop a robust way to interpret such data, using a “change index” based on species persistence over the last 200 years within individual lakes. Species with high change index values, which represented species which had persisted or increased within the lake districts, were those known to be characteristic of eutrophic lakes. Conversely species with low index scores, which had declined in both the broads and meres over the last 200 years, included species associated with less fertile conditions but also a selection of typically eutrophic species. Averaging of change index scores in present day survey data served to identify the historically least changed lakes and to rank lakes in order of degree of botanical change over the last century. We then analysed the ecological basis of the change index in order to better understand the processes behind the decline of some species and survival of others in the Norfolk Broads and West Midland Meres. Functional groups determined from morphological and regenerative traits displayed significant differences in change index values in both groups of lakes, but declining taxa occurred across a wide range of plant growth forms. Non-hierarchical clustering of species based on their ecological preferences, obtained from published literature, resulted in groups with distinct change index values, indicating that changes in the status of species could be partly explained by these preferences. Of these, trophic preference was consistently the most important, with species of less fertile habitats consistently experiencing the greatest declines. However, some characteristically eutrophic species have also declined significantly, particularly in the broads. In these cases increasing loss of shallow water, low energy habitats in the broads, or loss of fluctuating water levels and less alkaline backwaters in the meres, appear to have been contributory factors. In addition to the change index approach, we also used historical records at a site level to complement palaeolimnological analysis and investigate the change in macrophyte community composition and structure at Barton Broad, Norfolk. Sediment samples were extracted from the bottom of the broad and analysed for sub-fossil remains and pollen of macrophytes. The historical records and palaeolimnological analysis combined showed that early communities did not consist entirely of low growing, oligotrophic and mesotrophic species as previously thought, but in fact comprised a mixture of these and other more characteristically high nutrient species associated with taller, or free-floating growth habit. As eutrophication progressed throughout the last century, the community was increasingly dominated by these latter growth forms. Diversity was maintained, however, since encroaching reedswamp generated a mosaic of low energy habitats which supported a range of species unable to withstand the hydraulic forces associated with more open water habitat. When the reedswamp disappeared in the 1950s, many of the dependent aquatic macrophytes also declined resulting in widespread macrophyte loss. The thesis demonstrates not just the complexities of using historical records, but also ways in which these can be overcome to make useful observations about macrophyte community change and lake ecological integrity to inform conservation and lake management, both on a site and lake district level.
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Nachtrieb, Julie Graham. "The impact of invertebrates to four aquatic macrophytes: Potamogeton nodosus, P. illinoensis, Vallisneria americana and Nymphaea mexicana." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9058/.
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This research investigated the impact of invertebrates to four species of native aquatic macrophytes: V. americana, P. nodosus, P. illinoensis, and N. mexicana. Two treatments were utilized on each plant species, an insecticide treatment to remove most invertebrates and a non-treated control. Ten herbivore taxa were collected during the duration of the study including; Synclita, Paraponyx, Donacia, Rhopalosiphum, and Hydrellia. Macrophyte biomass differences between treatments were not measured for V. americana or N. mexicana. The biomasses of P. nodosus and P. illinoensis in non-treated areas were reduced by 40% and 63% respectively. This indicated that herbivory, once thought to be insignificant to aquatic macrophytes, can cause substantial reductions in biomass.
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Morrison, Wendy Elizabeth. "Aquatic plant-herbivore interactions across multiple spatial scales." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34734.
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For decades scientists believed that herbivory had minimal impact on freshwater ecosystems. We now know that herbivory in freshwater systems equals or exceeds herbivory in terrestrial and marine systems. In extreme cases, herbivores can change clear, macrophyte dominated ecosystems into turbid plankton dominated ecosystems. Even though research on plant-herbivore interactions in freshwater systems has increased, there is still much that is unknown. This thesis is comprised of four studies investigating freshwater plant-herbivore interactions across multiple spatial scales. The first study investigated how induced chemical defenses in Cabomba caroliniana suppress herbivore consumption and growth as well as how this herbivore-generated change in plant chemistry affects the growth of plant associated microbes. At the spatial scale of individual ponds or lakes, consumers that induce their host plants may also be indirectly affecting other consumers and microbial pathogens via changes in this shared resource.
The second study moves to an ecosystem scale and investigates how exotic versus native apple snails may impact Everglades' habitats. We investigated plant preference, consumption, growth and conversion efficiencies in the singly native apple snail to occur in the U.S. (Pomacea paludosa) versus four introduced species (P. canaliculata, P. insularum, P. haustrum and P. diffusa). We found that even though plant preferences are similar, invasive snails tend to eat more, grow more rapidly, and sometimes more efficiently than natives. This suggests that invasive species could have a large impact on the environment, especially the abundance of submerged plants.
The third study investigated how palatability of freshwater plants varies with latitude (i.e. geographic scale). Increased herbivory at lower latitudes is hypothesized to select for increased plant defenses, which has been shown to be true for tropical forests, salt marshes, and seaweeds. When we contrasted eight confamilial plants collected in Indiana versus Southern Florida, three of four herbivores significantly preferred northern plants. When we evaluated a second set of plants collected from Indiana versus Central Florida, only one of three herbivores preferred the northern plants. Overall, our results suggest a preference for northern plants, but the strength of this relationship was variable. We hypothesize that this variability may be driven by 1) local variance in herbivore pressure that creates variance in plant defenses, and/or 2) the effect of winter length on the survival and feeding rate of herbivores.
The final study expanded to a world scale, and investigated herbivore preference for native vs exotic plants. We found that both N. American crayfish and S. American snails preferred exotic plants over confamilial natives, despite responding to different plant characteristics. The single species of apple snail that occurs in N. American showed no preference for native or exotic plants from a N. American perspective, but instead exhibited preferences that correlated with its history of evolution in S. America. As the N. American species is a sister species of the S. American snails, feeding by the N. American snail appears more affected by its S. American lineage than its recent history in N. America. This suggests that phylogenetic legacy will affect choices of the herbivore as well as resistance or susceptibility of plants.
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Diop, Ousseynou. "Management of invasive aquatic weeds with emphasis on biological control in Senegal." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005414.
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In 1985 the Diama Dam was built near the mouth of the Senegal River to regulate flows during the rainy season and prevent the intrusion of seawater during the dry season. This created ideal conditions upstream of the dam wall for invasion by two highly invasive aquatic weeds, first by water lettuce Pistia stratiotes Linnaeus (Araceae) in 1993, and then by salvinia Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell (Salviniaceae) in 1999. This study was focused on the management of P. stratiotes and S. molesta. Following successes that were achieved elsewhere in the world, biological control programmes involving two weevil species were inaugurated against both weeds and research was focused on several aspects. These included pre-release studies to determine the weevils' host-specificity and impact on the plants in the laboratory, their subsequent mass-rearing and releases at selected sites and post-release evaluations on their impact on the weed populations in the field. Both programmes, which reprepresented the first biocontrol efforts against aquatic weeds in Senegal, proved highly successful with severe damage inflicted on the weed populations and complete control achieved within a relatively short time span. A laboratory exclusion experiment with N. affinis on P. stratiotes showed that in treated tubs, the weevil strongly depressed plant performance as measured by the plant growth parameters: mass, rosette diameter, root length, number of leaves and daughter plants whereas control plants were healthy. Field releases started in September 1994 and water coverage by P. stratiotes at Lake Guiers was reduced by 25% in January 1995 and 50% in April 1995. A general decline of 65% in water coverage by P. stratiotes was observed in June 1995 and by August 1995, eight months after releases P. stratiotes mats were destroyed. Further, although no releases were made there, good results were obtained within 18 months at Djoudj Park water bodies, located 150 km NW from Lake Guiers indicating the potential of the weevil to disperse long distances. In 2005, P. stratiotes reappeared and the weevil N. affinis has located and controlled all of these P. stratiotes recurrences after new releases. In 1999, S. molesta covered an estimated area of 18 000 ha on the Senegal River Left Bank and tributaries (Senegal) and 7 840 ha on the Senegal River Right Bank (Mauritania). Military and Civil Development Committee (CCMAD) and community volunteers made an effort to control S. molesta using physical removal, but this costly and labour-intensive approach was unsustainable. Hence, biological control was adopted by Senegal and Mauritania to manage the weed. Host range tests to assess feeding by C. salviniae on S. molesta and non-target plants and carried out on 13 crop species showed that no feeding damage was observed on the latter and weevils only fed on S. molesta. Field releases of some 48 953 weevils at 270 sites were made from early January 2002 to August 2002. Within one year, weevils were established and were being recovered up to 50 km from the release sites. In a case study conducted at one of the release sites, the S. molesta infestation was reduced from 100% to less than 3% 24 months after release. These results are discussed in the context of the weeds’ negative impact on aquatic systems and riverside communities, and in the involvement of these communities in the programmes.
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Hall, Charles E. (Charles Edward) Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "The study of photosynthetic energy storage in aquatic plants using photothermal deflection spectroscopy." Ottawa, 1995.
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Bucaram, Santiago. "The impact of invasive plants on the recreational value of Florida's aquatic areas." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0021309.
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Polomski, Robert Frank. "Nitrogen and phosphorus remediation of aquatic garden plants in laboratory-scale constructed wetlands." Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1252937790/.
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James, Cassandra Sarah. "Competition between three aquatic macrophytes, Elodea canadensis Michx., Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John, and Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) moss." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367132.
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Silva, Carolina Vieira. "Composição e abundância da comunidade de macroinvertebrados aquáticos associados à Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth e suas relações com as variáveis abióticas em seis lagoas laterais ao Rio paranapanema - SP /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99434.
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Orientador: Raoul HenryBanca: Alaíde Aparecida Gessner
Banca: Evanilde Benedito
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a composição taxonômica e a densidade de macroinvertebrados associados à macrófita Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth em seis lagoas laterais ao Rio Paranapanema em sua zona de desembocadura na Represa de Jurumirim - SP. As amostragens foram realizadas em março e agosto de 2009, supostamente meses de estações chuvosa e seca, respectivamente. Em cada uma das seis lagoas, foram selecionados três bancos distintos de E. azurea para coleta do material biológico (macrófita e fauna associada) e medida das variáveis limnológicas: profundidade, transparência, temperatura, pH, condutividade elétrica e concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido e material em suspensão. A amostragem de E. azurea foi realizada com um retângulo de 0,1976 m2, utilizando-se uma tesoura de jardinagem para retirada do material vegetal, que foi lavado em solução de formol e água para remoção dos macroinvertebrados associados. Entre os períodos estudados diferenças significativas (p<0,05) foram encontradas tanto para as variáveis limnológicas, quanto para a densidade de alguns dos taxa de macroinvertebrados. Na comparação das lagoas entre si em março e agosto, com relação as variáveis limnológicas e densidade dos taxa de macroinvertebrados (em níveis de grandes grupos), o Teste Tukey apontou mais diferenças significativas (p<0,05) para março, embora alguns dos taxa de macroinvertebrados associados à E. azurea não tenha apresentado diferença significativa entre as lagoas em nenhum dos períodos amostrados. De acordo com a análise de componentes principais, o pH e oxigênio dissolvido são as variáveis que melhor explicam a ordenação das lagoas nos períodos de estudo. Com relação à fauna associada, em ambos os períodos a classe Insecta foi a mais abundante (com destaque a família Chironomidae), seguida pelo filo Crustacea e pela classe Clitellata... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the taxonomic composition and density of macroinvertebrates associated with macrophyte Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth in six lagoons to the river side Paranapanema in its mouth zone into the Jurumirim Reservoir - SP. Samples were held in March and August 2009, supposedly months of rainy and dry seasons, respectively. In each of the six lagoons three different stands of E. azurea were selected for collecting biological material (macrophytes and associated fauna) and measurement of limnological variables: depth, transparency, temperature, pH, electric conductivity and concentrations of dissolved oxygen and suspended solids. The sampling of E. azurea was performed with a rectangle of 0,1976 m2, gardening shears was used to remove the plant material, which was washed in a solution of formaldehyde and water to remove associated macroinvertebrates. Between the two periods significant differences (p <0,05) were found for both limnological variables, and for the density of some of the taxa macroinvertebrates. In comparison with each other lagoons in March and August, related limnological variables and density of taxa of macroinvertebrates (levels in large groups), the Tukey test showed more significant differences (p <0,05) in March, although some of taxa of macroinvertebrates associated with E. azurea has not presented significant difference between the lagoons in any period sampled. According to principal components analysis, pH and dissolved oxygen are the variables that best explain the ordering of lagoons during the study periods. With respect to the associated fauna, in both periods the class Insecta was the most abundant (especially the family Chironomidae), followed by phylum Crustacea and the class Clitellata. However, comparing the richness of taxa in the months of sampling, it appears that higher values were recorded in August period... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Baker, Jeffery K. Terhune Jeffery S. "The effects of strobe light and sound behavioral deterrent systems on impingement of aquatic organisms at Plant Barry, Alabama." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/FALL/Fisheries_and_Allied_Aquacultures/Thesis/Baker_Jeffery_24.pdf.
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Bateman, Mark J. "The uptake of heavy metals by aquatic macrophytes and the development of microsampling analytical techniques." Thesis, Coventry University, 1999. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/82ba9974-f8fc-6290-40a7-3a64e63ff8a6/1.
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This thesis reviews literature relating both to the treatment of metal rich wastewaters by the use of constructed wetlands and the use of slurry analytical procedures for the determination of heavy metals in environmental micro-samples. A survey of metal contaminated wetland sites showed that aquatic plants maintain low levels of metals in aerial parts despite some very elevated sediment metal concentrations and extreme acidity. A series of greenhouse trials investigated the uptake of metals into aerial sections of Typha, Phragmites and Equisetum in long term hydroponic experiments. Phragmites was shown to accumulate zinc to a higher level than Typha. The toxicity of zinc supplied in the nutrient solution at 5 mg.dm-3 over long periods was found to limit the viability of such non-sediment based systems. A reliable routine analytical procedure was developed along with a program of quality control for the study of metal uptake into aquatic plants. A micro sampling technique, eminently suited for the analysis of small plant sections was developed. This technique uses ozone to ash the plant samples at a low temperature and following suspension in a liquid medium provides a sample ready for slurry determinations by a variety of analytical instrumentation. It is proposed that this method may also be suitable for the determination of metals in individual invertebrates and other zoological micro-samples as well as potential applications in the medical field.
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Harms, Nathan Earl. "Comparison of Heteranthera Dubia (Jacq.) MacM.-associated Macroinvertebrates Between Georgraphical Regions in the United States." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28427/.
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Macroinvertebrates associated with the aquatic plant, water stargrass (Heteranthera dubia), were sampled from 12 waterbodies in four regions of the United States from June to August 2005. Taxa richness, evenness, and diversity were lowest in the Lower Midwest (LMW) region, and higher in Northern sites, especially the Upper Midwest (UMW), and Northeast (NE). While relative abundance varied from site to site and region to region, utilization of the plant by functional groups remained fairly constant. Collector-gatherers consistently comprised the largest portion of invertebrates sampled. The shredder/ herbivore functional group comprised an average of 17 % of total groups. Through an exhaustive literature review, it was found that shredder/ herbivores of water stargrass have not been reported in the literature. Because of this, the herbivore group was analyzed separately and consisted of 2,383 specimens representing 23 species. The most common groups were Rhopalosiphum sp., Nectopsyche spp. and chironomids. No differences were found in herbivore diversity or evenness between sampling regions, but species richness was significantly different.