Journal articles: 'Aquatic metabolism'

1

Benson, A. A., M. Katayama, and F. C. Knowles. "Arsenate metabolism in aquatic plants." Applied Organometallic Chemistry 2, no. 4 (1988): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590020411.

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2

Yang, Linyu, Zishun Zhao, Dan Luo, Mingzhong Liang, and Qilin Zhang. "Global Metabolomics of Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) Explore Metabolic Adaptation to Fresh Water in Insects." Insects 13, no. 9 (September 10, 2022): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13090823.

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Aquatic insects are well-adapted to freshwater environments, but metabolic mechanisms of such adaptations, particularly to primary environmental factors (e.g., hypoxia, water pressure, dark light, and abundant microbes), are poorly known. Most firefly species (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) are terrestrial, but the larvae of a few species are aquatic. We generated 24 global metabolomic profiles of larvae and adults of Aquatica leii (freshwater) and Lychnuris praetexta (terrestrial) to identify freshwater adaptation-related metabolites (AARMs). We identified 110 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) in A. leii (adults vs. aquatic larvae) and 183 DAMs in L. praetexta (adults vs. terrestrial larvae). Furthermore, 100 DAMs specific to aquatic A. leii larvae were screened as AARMs via interspecific comparisons (A. leii vs. L. praetexta), which were primarily involved in antioxidant activity, immune response, energy production and metabolism, and chitin biosynthesis. They were assigned to six categories/superclasses (e.g., lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, and organoheterocyclic compound). Finally, ten metabolic pathways shared between KEGG terms specific to aquatic fireflies and enriched by AARMs were screened as aquatic adaptation-related pathways (AARPs). These AARPs were primarily involved in energy metabolism, xenobiotic biodegradation, protection of oxidative/immune damage, oxidative stress response, and sense function (e.g., glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, and taste transduction), and certain aspects of morphology (e.g., steroid hormone biosynthesis). These results provide evidence suggesting that abundance changes in metabolomes contribute to freshwater adaptation of fireflies. The metabolites identified here may be vital targets for future work to determine the mechanism of freshwater adaptation in insects.

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Conrad, Ralf. "Anaerobic hydrogen metabolism in aquatic sediments." SIL Communications, 1953-1996 25, no. 1 (January 1996): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05384680.1996.11904063.

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4

Salcido -Guevara, L. A., F. Arreguín -Sánchez, L. Palmeri, and A. Barausse. "METABOLIC SCALING REGULARITY IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS." CICIMAR Oceánides 27, no. 2 (December 4, 2012): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v27i2.113.

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We tested the hypothesis that ecosystem metabolism follows a quarter power scaling relation, analogous to organisms. Logarithm of Biomass/Production (B/P) to Trophic Level (TL) relationship was estimated to 98 trophic models of aquatic ecosystems. A normal distribution of the slopes gives a modal value of 0.64, which was significantly different of the theoretical value of 0.75 (p0.05). We also tested for error in both variables, Log (B/P) and TL, through a Reduced Major Axis regression with similar results, with a modal value of 0.756 (p>0.05). We also explored a geographic distribution showing no significant relation (p>0.05) to latitude and between different regions of the world. We conclude that: a) ecosystem metabolism follows the quarter-power scaling rule; b) transfer efficiency between TL plays a relevant role characterizing local attributes to ecosystem metabolism; and c) there is neither latitudinal nor geographic differences. These findings confirm the existence of a metabolic scaling regularity in aquatic ecosystems. Regularidad del escalamiento metabólico en ecosistemas acuáticos Se contrastó la hipótesis de que el metabolismo de un ecosistema sigue una relación de escalamiento análoga a la existente en los organismos. La relación entre el logaritmo de la razón Producción/Biomasa (B/P) y el nivel trófico (TL) se estimó para 98 modelos tróficos de los ecosistemas acuáticos. Una distribución normal de las pendientes de esta relación produjo un valor modal de 0.64 que es significativamente diferente del valor teórico de 0.75 (p0.05) similar al teórico esperado. También se contrastó la hipótesis de existencia de error en ambas variables, logaritmo (B/P) y TL, a través de la técnica de regresión denominada “Reduced Major Axis”, con resultados similares según el valor modal de 0.756, sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p>0.05) del valor teórico. Se exploró la existencia de algún patrón en la distribución geográfica, sin obtenerse relación significativa (p>0.05) con la latitud, o con diferentes regiones del mundo. Las conclusiones son: a) el metabolismo del ecosistema sigue la regla de escalamiento metabólico de 3/4; b) la eficiencia de la transferencia entre TL desempeña un papel relevante, representando los atributos locales del metabolismo del ecosistema; c) no hay una diferencias latitudinal o geográfica. Estos resultados confirman la existencia de una regularidad en el escalamiento metabólico en ecosistemas acuáticos.

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Salcido -Guevara, L. A., F. Arreguín -Sánchez, L. Palmeri, and A. Barausse. "METABOLIC SCALING REGULARITY IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS." CICIMAR Oceánides 27, no. 2 (December 4, 2012): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v27i2.113.

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We tested the hypothesis that ecosystem metabolism follows a quarter power scaling relation, analogous to organisms. Logarithm of Biomass/Production (B/P) to Trophic Level (TL) relationship was estimated to 98 trophic models of aquatic ecosystems. A normal distribution of the slopes gives a modal value of 0.64, which was significantly different of the theoretical value of 0.75 (p0.05). We also tested for error in both variables, Log (B/P) and TL, through a Reduced Major Axis regression with similar results, with a modal value of 0.756 (p>0.05). We also explored a geographic distribution showing no significant relation (p>0.05) to latitude and between different regions of the world. We conclude that: a) ecosystem metabolism follows the quarter-power scaling rule; b) transfer efficiency between TL plays a relevant role characterizing local attributes to ecosystem metabolism; and c) there is neither latitudinal nor geographic differences. These findings confirm the existence of a metabolic scaling regularity in aquatic ecosystems. Regularidad del escalamiento metabólico en ecosistemas acuáticos Se contrastó la hipótesis de que el metabolismo de un ecosistema sigue una relación de escalamiento análoga a la existente en los organismos. La relación entre el logaritmo de la razón Producción/Biomasa (B/P) y el nivel trófico (TL) se estimó para 98 modelos tróficos de los ecosistemas acuáticos. Una distribución normal de las pendientes de esta relación produjo un valor modal de 0.64 que es significativamente diferente del valor teórico de 0.75 (p0.05) similar al teórico esperado. También se contrastó la hipótesis de existencia de error en ambas variables, logaritmo (B/P) y TL, a través de la técnica de regresión denominada “Reduced Major Axis”, con resultados similares según el valor modal de 0.756, sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p>0.05) del valor teórico. Se exploró la existencia de algún patrón en la distribución geográfica, sin obtenerse relación significativa (p>0.05) con la latitud, o con diferentes regiones del mundo. Las conclusiones son: a) el metabolismo del ecosistema sigue la regla de escalamiento metabólico de 3/4; b) la eficiencia de la transferencia entre TL desempeña un papel relevante, representando los atributos locales del metabolismo del ecosistema; c) no hay una diferencias latitudinal o geográfica. Estos resultados confirman la existencia de una regularidad en el escalamiento metabólico en ecosistemas acuáticos.

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6

Takimoto, Yoshiyuki, Masako Ohshima, and Junshi Miyamoto. "Comparative metabolism of fenitrothion in aquatic organisms." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 13, no. 1 (February 1987): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(87)90048-0.

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7

Takimoto, Yoshiyuki, Masako Ohshima, and Junshi Miyamoto. "Comparative metabolism of fenitrothion in aquatic organisms." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 13, no. 1 (February 1987): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(87)90049-2.

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8

Takimoto, Yoshiyuki, Masako Ohshima, and Junshi Miyamoto. "Comparative metabolism of fenitrothion in aquatic organisms." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 13, no. 1 (February 1987): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(87)90050-9.

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9

Tripp, H. James. "The unique metabolism of SAR11 aquatic bacteria." Journal of Microbiology 51, no. 2 (April 2013): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-2671-2.

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10

Gattuso, J. P., M. Frankignoulle, and R. Wollast. "CARBON AND CARBONATE METABOLISM IN COASTAL AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS." Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29, no. 1 (November 1998): 405–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.405.

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11

Ikenaka, Yoshinori, Heesoo Eun, Masumi Ishizaka, and Yuichi Miyabara. "Metabolism of pyrene by aquatic crustacean, Daphnia magna." Aquatic Toxicology 80, no. 2 (November 16, 2006): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.08.005.

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12

Santacroce, Maria Pia, M. C. Conversano, E. Casalino, O. Lai, C. Zizzadoro, G. Centoducati, and G. Crescenzo. "Aflatoxins in aquatic species: metabolism, toxicity and perspectives." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 18, no. 1 (June 13, 2007): 99–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11160-007-9064-8.

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13

Cameron, James N. "Unusual Aspects of Calcium Metabolism in Aquatic Animals." Annual Review of Physiology 52, no. 1 (October 1990): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.52.030190.000453.

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14

Song, Chao, Walter K. Dodds, Matt T. Trentman, Janine Rüegg, and Ford Ballantyne. "Methods of approximation influence aquatic ecosystem metabolism estimates." Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 14, no. 9 (May 24, 2016): 557–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10112.

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15

Wang, Lidong, Shengyang Zhou, Tianshu Lyu, Lupeng Shi, Yuehuan Dong, Shangbin He, and Honghai Zhang. "Comparative Genome Analysis Reveals the Genomic Basis of Semi-Aquatic Adaptation in American Mink (Neovison vison)." Animals 12, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 2385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12182385.

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Although the American mink is extremely dependent on water and has evolved a range of aquatic characteristics, its structural adaptation to water is still less obvious than that of other typical semi-aquatic mammals, such as otters. Therefore, many scholars consider it not to be a semi-aquatic mammal. In order to make the point that minks are semi-aquatic mammals more convincing, we provide evidence at the micro (genome)-level. In particular, we used the genomes of the American mink and 13 mammalian species to reconstruct their evolutionary history, identified genes that affect aquatic adaptation, and examined the evolution of aquatic adaptation. By analyzing unique gene families, the expansion and contraction of gene families, and positive selection genes, we found that the American mink genome has evolved specifically for aquatic adaptation. In particular, we found that the main adaptive characteristics of the American mink include the external structural characteristics of bone and hair development, as well as the internal physiological characteristics of immunity, olfaction, coagulation, lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism. We also observed that the genomic characteristics of the American mink are similar to those of other aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals. This not only provides solid genomic evidence for the idea that minks are semi-aquatic mammals, but also leads to a clearer understanding of semi-aquatic species. At the same time, this study also provides a reference for the protection and utilization of the American mink.

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Aajoud, Asmae, Patrick Ravanel, and Michel Tissut. "Fipronil Metabolism and Dissipation in a Simplified Aquatic Ecosystem." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51, no. 5 (February 2003): 1347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf025843j.

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17

Zabik, Susan Erhardt, and Jeff D. Wolt. "Design and Interpretation of Herbicide Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism Studies." Weed Technology 10, no. 1 (March 1996): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00045917.

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Herbicides may be exposed to a broad range of anaerobic conditions in the environment. This range can extend from weakly reducing conditions within typically aerobic compartments to stable, strongly reducing conditions in sites well removed from oxidative conditions. Currently, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) regulatory guidelines specify the design criteria for guideline studies that frequently result in highly stable, strongly reducing test systems. These test systems do not simulate environments where herbicides are likely to occur. Design criteria for anaerobic aquatic test systems can influence the nature of the results of anaerobic aquatic metabolism studies as well as the relevance of these results to natural environmental processes. Design criteria which should be considered are the effects of sediment to water ratio, establishment of an anaerobic system, monitoring the reducing potential (Eh) of the system and the system Eh-pH relationship. These criteria influence how results are interpreted and the extrapolation of data to field environments where herbicides are likely to occur.

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18

Hoellein, Timothy J., Denise A. Bruesewitz, and David C. Richardson. "Revisiting Odum (1956): A synthesis of aquatic ecosystem metabolism." Limnology and Oceanography 58, no. 6 (November 2013): 2089–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2013.58.6.2089.

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19

Davies, Ronald W., Frederick J. Wrona, and V. Kalarani. "Assessment of Activity-Specific Metabolism of Aquatic Organisms: An Improved System." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 1142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-127.

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An improved flow-through respirometer capable of assessing activity-specific metabolism of aquatic organisms is presented and assessed. The system is highly sensitive and versatile, since it continuously monitors and records activity-specific oxygen consumption readings for periods up to 72 h and is capable of detecting differences in metabolism of individual specimens of similar weight. Using this system, we demonstrated individual variation and intraspecific differences in metabolism between two size classes of the freshwater leech Nephelopsis obscura and interspecific differences between N. obscura and another freshwater leech, Erpobdella montezuma, and compared these findings with the metabolism of the amphipod Hyalella montezuma.

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Cole, Jonathan J., Jonathan J. Cole, Nina F. Caraco, and Nina F. Caraco. "Carbon in catchments: connecting terrestrial carbon losses with aquatic metabolism." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 1 (2001): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00084.

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For a majority of aquatic ecosystems, respiration (R) exceeds autochthonous gross primary production (GPP). These systems have negative net ecosystem production ([NEP]=[GPP]–R) and ratios of [GPP]/R of <1. This net heterotrophy can be sustained only if aquatic respiration is subsidized by organic inputs from the catchment. Such subsidies imply that organic materials that escaped decomposition in the terrestrial environment must become susceptible to decomposition in the linked aquatic environment. Using a moderate-sized catchment in North America, the Hudson River (catchment area 33500 km2), evidence is presented for the magnitude of net heterotrophy. All approaches (CO2 gas flux; O2 gas flux; budget and gradient of dissolved organic C; and the summed components of primary production and respiration within the ecosystem) indicate that system respiration exceeds gross primary production by ~200 g C m-2 year-1. Highly 14C-depleted C of ancient terrestrial origin (1000–5000 years old) may be an important source of labile organic matter to this riverine system and support this excess respiration. The mechanisms by which organic matter is preserved for centuries to millennia in terrestrial soils and decomposed in a matter of weeks in a river connect modern riverine metabolism to historical terrestrial conditions.

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Sharma, B. D., and R. Harsh. "Diurnal Acid Metabolism in the Submerged Aquatic Plant, Isoetes tuberculata." American Fern Journal 85, no. 2 (April 1995): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1547467.

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22

Katagi, Toshiyuki, and Hitoshi Tanaka. "Metabolism, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of pesticides in aquatic insect larvae." Journal of Pesticide Science 41, no. 2 (2016): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.d15-064.

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Roychoudhury, A. N. "Sulphate metabolism among thermophiles and hyperthermophiles in natural aquatic systems." Biochemical Society Transactions 32, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0320172.

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Although controversial, the idea that hydrothermal systems may have been the site for prebiotic synthesis of organic molecules and origin of life is widely supported. For the nascent life to survive, it must have had some sort of metabolic mechanism for generating energy. However, little is known of the specific metabolic pathways utilized by the early life forms or the effect of high temperatures on their activity. Recent research on natural high temperature aquatic environments, though limited because of difficult field logistics and experimental problems, is revolutionizing our understanding of possible energy-generating redox pathways, such as sulphate reduction. An abridged review of research on thermophilic sulphate reduction is presented here. Because of a complex interplay between microbiological and geochemical entities involved, and the uncertainties that modern hydrothermal systems are proxy for biogeochemical conditions on early Earth, great caution is required for interpretation and extrapolation of data from these studies to primordial times. Furthermore, a general lack of integrated geological and microbiological studies towards a common understanding of origin and sustenance of life on Earth is starkly evident from this review.

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Staehr, Peter A., Jeremy M. Testa, W. Michael Kemp, Jon J. Cole, Kaj Sand-Jensen, and Stephen V. Smith. "The metabolism of aquatic ecosystems: history, applications, and future challenges." Aquatic Sciences 74, no. 1 (March 30, 2011): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00027-011-0199-2.

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Bowes, George, and Michael E. Salvucci. "Plasticity in the photosynthetic carbon metabolism of submersed aquatic macrophytes." Aquatic Botany 34, no. 1-3 (July 1989): 233–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(89)90058-2.

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Hagerthey, Scot E., Jonathan J. Cole, and Deborah Kilbane. "Aquatic metabolism in the Everglades: Dominance of water column heterotrophy." Limnology and Oceanography 55, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 653–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.2.0653.

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Lee, Min-Chul, Jun Chul Park, and Jae-Seong Lee. "Effects of environmental stressors on lipid metabolism in aquatic invertebrates." Aquatic Toxicology 200 (July 2018): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.04.016.

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O’Brien, Jonathan M., Joanna L. Lessard, David Plew, S. Elizabeth Graham, and Angus R. McIntosh. "Aquatic Macrophytes Alter Metabolism and Nutrient Cycling in Lowland Streams." Ecosystems 17, no. 3 (December 13, 2013): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-013-9730-8.

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Seliskar, Denise M., and John L. Gallagher. "Macrophyte disturbance alters aquatic surface microlayer structure, metabolism, and fate." Oecologia 174, no. 3 (October 18, 2013): 1007–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2796-3.

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30

Rubalcaba, Juan G., Wilco C. E. P. Verberk, A. Jan Hendriks, Bart Saris, and H. Arthur Woods. "Oxygen limitation may affect the temperature and size dependence of metabolism in aquatic ectotherms." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 50 (November 30, 2020): 31963–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003292117.

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Both oxygen and temperature are fundamental factors determining metabolic performance, fitness, ecological niches, and responses of many aquatic organisms to climate change. Despite the importance of physical and physiological constraints on oxygen supply affecting aerobic metabolism of aquatic ectotherms, ecological theories such as the metabolic theory of ecology have focused on the effects of temperature rather than oxygen. This gap currently impedes mechanistic models from accurately predicting metabolic rates (i.e., oxygen consumption rates) of aquatic organisms and restricts predictions to resting metabolism, which is less affected by oxygen limitation. Here, we expand on models of metabolic scaling by accounting for the role of oxygen availability and temperature on both resting and active metabolic rates. Our model predicts that oxygen limitation is more likely to constrain metabolism in larger, warmer, and active fish. Consequently, active metabolic rates are less responsive to temperature than are resting metabolic rates, and metabolism scales to body size with a smaller exponent whenever temperatures or activity levels are higher. Results from a metaanalysis of fish metabolic rates are consistent with our model predictions. The observed interactive effects of temperature, oxygen availability, and body size predict that global warming will limit the aerobic scope of aquatic ectotherms and may place a greater metabolic burden on larger individuals, impairing their physiological performance in the future. Our model reconciles the metabolic theory with empirical observations of oxygen limitation and provides a formal, quantitative framework for predicting both resting and active metabolic rate and hence aerobic scope of aquatic ectotherms.

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Bortolotti, Lauren E., Vincent L. St. Louis, and Rolf D. Vinebrooke. "Drivers of ecosystem metabolism in restored and natural prairie wetlands." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 12 (December 2019): 2396–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0419.

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Elucidating drivers of aquatic ecosystem metabolism is key to forecasting how inland waters will respond to anthropogenic changes. We quantified gross primary production (GPP), respiration (ER), and net ecosystem production (NEP) in a natural and two restored prairie wetlands (one “older” and one “recently” restored) and identified drivers of temporal variation. GPP and ER were highest in the older restored wetland, followed by the natural and recently restored sites. The natural wetland was the only net autotrophic site. Metabolic differences could not be definitively tied to restoration history, but were consistent with previous studies of restored wetlands. Wetlands showed similar metabolic responses to abiotic variables (photosynthetically active radiation, wind speed, temperature), but differed in the direct and interactive influences of biotic factors (submersed aquatic vegetation, phytoplankton). Drivers and patterns of metabolism suggested the importance of light over nutrient limitation and the dominance of autochthonous production. Such similarity in ecosystem metabolism between prairie wetlands and shallow lakes highlights the need for a unifying metabolic theory for small and productive aquatic ecosystems.

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Obrador, Biel, Joan Lluís Pretus, and Margarita Menéndez. "Spatial distribution and biomass of aquatic rooted macrophytes and their relevance in the metabolism of a Mediterranean coastal lagoon." Scientia Marina 71, no. 1 (March 30, 2007): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2007.71n157.

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Miyashita, Shin-ichi, Chisato Murota, Keisuke Kondo, Shoko Fujiwara, and Mikio Tsuzuki. "Arsenic metabolism in cyanobacteria." Environmental Chemistry 13, no. 4 (2016): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en15071.

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Environmental context Cyanobacteria are ecologically important, photosynthetic organisms that are widely distributed throughout the environment. They play a central role in arsenic transformations in terms of both mineralisation and formation of organoarsenic species as the primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. In this review, arsenic resistance, transport and biotransformation in cyanobacteria are reviewed and compared with those in other organisms. Abstract Arsenic is a toxic element that is widely distributed in the lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. Some species of cyanobacteria can grow in high concentrations of arsenate (pentavalent inorganic arsenic compound) (100mM) and in low-millimolar concentrations of arsenite (trivalent inorganic arsenic compound). Arsenate, which is a molecular analogue of phosphate, is taken up by cells through phosphate transporters, and inhibits oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation. Arsenite, which enters the cell through a concentration gradient, shows higher toxicity than arsenate by binding to sulfhydryl groups and impairing the functions of many proteins. Detoxification mechanisms for arsenic in cyanobacterial cells include efflux of intracellular inorganic arsenic compounds, and biosynthesis of methylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid through methylation of intracellular inorganic arsenic compounds. In some cyanobacteria, ars genes coding for an arsenate reductase (arsC), a membrane-bound protein involved in arsenic efflux (arsB) and an arsenite S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase (arsM) have been found. Furthermore, cyanobacteria can produce more complex arsenic species such as arsenosugars. In this review, arsenic metabolism in cyanobacteria is reviewed, compared with that in other organisms. Knowledge gaps remain regarding both arsenic transport (e.g. uptake of methylated arsenicals and excretion of arsenate) and biotransformation (especially production of lipid-soluble arsenicals). Further studies in these areas are required, not only for a better understanding of the role of cyanobacteria in the circulation of arsenic in aquatic environments, but also for their application to arsenic bioremediation.

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Silvera, Katia, Kurt M. Neubig, W. Mark Whitten, Norris H. Williams, Klaus Winter, and John C. Cushman. "Evolution along the crassulacean acid metabolism continuum." Functional Plant Biology 37, no. 11 (2010): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp10084.

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Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a specialised mode of photosynthesis that improves atmospheric CO2 assimilation in water-limited terrestrial and epiphytic habitats and in CO2-limited aquatic environments. In contrast with C3 and C4 plants, CAM plants take up CO2 from the atmosphere partially or predominantly at night. CAM is taxonomically widespread among vascular plants and is present in many succulent species that occupy semiarid regions, as well as in tropical epiphytes and in some aquatic macrophytes. This water-conserving photosynthetic pathway has evolved multiple times and is found in close to 6% of vascular plant species from at least 35 families. Although many aspects of CAM molecular biology, biochemistry and ecophysiology are well understood, relatively little is known about the evolutionary origins of CAM. This review focuses on five main topics: (1) the permutations and plasticity of CAM, (2) the requirements for CAM evolution, (3) the drivers of CAM evolution, (4) the prevalence and taxonomic distribution of CAM among vascular plants with emphasis on the Orchidaceae and (5) the molecular underpinnings of CAM evolution including circadian clock regulation of gene expression.

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35

Boutilier, R. G., P. H. Donohoe, G. J. Tattersall, and T. G. West. "Hypometabolic homeostasis in overwintering aquatic amphibians." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 2 (January 1, 1997): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.2.387.

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Many amphibians encounter conditions each winter when their body temperature is so low that normal activities are suspended and the animals enter into a state of torpor. In ice-covered ponds or lakes, oxygen levels may also become limiting, thereby forcing animals to endure prolonged periods of severe hypoxia or anoxia. Certain frogs (e.g. Rana temporaria) can dramatically suppress their metabolism in anoxia but are not as tolerant as other facultative vertebrate anaerobes (e.g. turtle, goldfish) of prolonged periods of complete O2 lack. Many overwintering amphibians do, however, tolerate prolonged bouts of severe hypoxia, relying exclusively on cutaneous gas exchange. Rana temporaria overwintering for 2 months in hypoxic water (PO2 approximately 25 mmHg) at 3 degrees C progressively reduce their blood PCO2 to levels characteristic of water-breathing fish. The result is that blood pH rises and presumably facilitates transcutaneous O2 transfer by increasing Hb O2-affinity. Even after months of severe hypoxia, there is no substantial build-up of lactate as the animals continue to rely on cutaneous gas exchange to satisfy the requirements of a suppressed aerobic metabolism. Our recent experiments have shown that the skeletal muscle of frogs oxyconforms in vitro to the amount of O2 available. The cellular basis for the oxyconformation of skeletal muscle is unknown, but the hypothesis driving our continuing experiments theories that metabolic suppression at a cellular level is synonymous with suppressed ion leak across cellular membranes.

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Alcaraz, Miquel. "Pavlova E.V. Movement and energy metabolism of marine planktonic organisms." Scientia Marina 70, no. 4 (December 30, 2006): 767–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2006.70n4767.

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37

Molla, Salvador, Leonardo Maltchik, Carmen Casado, and Carlos Montes. "Particulate organic matter and ecosystem metabolism dynamics in a temporary Mediterranean stream." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 137, no. 1 (July 18, 1996): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/137/1996/59.

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Lall, Santosh P., and Sadasivam J. Kaushik. "Nutrition and Metabolism of Minerals in Fish." Animals 11, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 2711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092711.

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Aquatic animals have unique physiological mechanisms to absorb and retain minerals from their diets and water. Research and development in the area of mineral nutrition of farmed fish and crustaceans have been relatively slow and major gaps exist in the knowledge of trace element requirements, physiological functions and bioavailability from feed ingredients. Quantitative dietary requirements have been reported for three macroelements (calcium, phosphorus and magnesium) and six trace minerals (zinc, iron, copper, manganese, iodine and selenium) for selected fish species. Mineral deficiency signs in fish include reduced bone mineralization, anorexia, lens cataracts (zinc), skeletal deformities (phosphorus, magnesium, zinc), fin erosion (copper, zinc), nephrocalcinosis (magnesium deficiency, selenium toxicity), thyroid hyperplasia (iodine), muscular dystrophy (selenium) and hypochromic microcytic anemia (iron). An excessive intake of minerals from either diet or gill uptake causes toxicity and therefore a fine balance between mineral deficiency and toxicity is vital for aquatic organisms to maintain their homeostasis, either through increased absorption or excretion. Release of minerals from uneaten or undigested feed and from urinary excretion can cause eutrophication of natural waters, which requires additional consideration in feed formulation. The current knowledge in mineral nutrition of fish is briefly reviewed.

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Johns, A. R., A. C. Taylor, R. J. A. Atkinson, and M. K. Grieshaber. "Sulphide Metabolism in Thalassinidean Crustacea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 77, no. 1 (February 1997): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400033828.

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Sulphide occurs widely in marine sediments and is highly toxic to most organisms. Its principal poisoning effect occurs at extremely low concentrations and is the result of inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. Mud-shrimps (Crustacea: Thalassinidea), construct burrows in sublittoral muddy sediments. The sediment in which they burrow is markedly reduced and conditions within the burrow are usually hypoxic and hypercapnic. Field measurements indicate that the shrimps may be exposed to potentially toxic levels of sulphide in the burrow water (range 0–206 μM, N=37). Laboratory experiments carried out onCalocaris macandreae, Callianassa subterraneaandJaxea nocturnahave shown that these species have a high tolerance of sulphide. An oxygen dependent detoxification mechanism exists to defend cytochrome c oxidase from sulphide poisoning. The main detoxification product of this mechanism is thiosulphate which accumulates rapidly even during brief exposures to low concentrations of sulphide. Sulphite also appears as a secondary detoxification product. Aerobic metabolism can be maintained even under severe hypoxia and toxic sulphide conditions. The mud-shrimps switch to anaerobiosis when the detoxification mechanism is saturated. These data indicate that mud-shrimps are physiologically adapted to tolerate elevated levels of sulphide that they may encounter in their natural habitat.

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Meyer-Burgdorff, K. H., M. F. Osman, and K. D. Günther. "Energy metabolism in Oreochromis niloticus." Aquaculture 79, no. 1-4 (July 1989): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(89)90469-9.

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Julian, Paul, Todd Z. Osborne, Rupesh K. Bhomia, and Odi Villapando. "Knowing your limits: evaluating aquatic metabolism in a subtropical treatment wetland." Hydrobiologia 848, no. 17 (May 20, 2021): 3969–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04617-7.

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42

Lennon, JT, and LE Pfaff. "Source and supply of terrestrial organic matter affects aquatic microbial metabolism." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 39 (2005): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame039107.

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43

Volaric, MP, P. Berg, and MA Reidenbach. "Oxygen metabolism of intertidal oyster reefs measured by aquatic eddy covariance." Marine Ecology Progress Series 599 (July 12, 2018): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps12627.

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44

Silvers, Brittany L., Jessica L. Leatherwood, Brian D. Nielsen, Carolyn E. Arnold, Brandon Dominguez, Kati Glass, Chelsie Huseman, Amanda N. Bradbery, Mattea L. Much, and Rafael E. Martinez. "114 Effects of aquatic conditioning in young horses. II. Bone metabolism." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.159.

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Abstract While beneficial in rehabilitation, aquatic exercise effects on bone metabolism in young, healthy horses has not been investigated. Therefore, thirty Quarter Horse yearlings were stratified by age, body weight (BW), and sex and randomly assigned to one of three treatments during a 140-d trial to evaluate aquatic vs. dry exercise on bone metabolism in young horses transitioning to an advanced workload. Treatment groups included non-exercise control (CON; n = 10), dry treadmill exercise (DRY; n = 10), or aquatic treadmill exercise (H2O; n = 10; water: 60% wither height, WH). Animals were housed in individual stalls (3.6 m×3.6 m) from 0600 to 1800, allowed turnout (74 m×70 m) from 1800 to 0600, and fed to meet or exceed requirements. During Phase I, DRY and H2O walked on treadmills 30 min/d, 5 d/wk from d 0–112. Phase II transitioned to an advanced workload 5 d/wk for 28 d (Table 1). Every 14 d, WH, hip height (HH), and BW were recorded. Every 28 d following exercise, serum samples were collected for osteocalcin (OC) and C-telopeptide crosslaps of type I collagen (CTX-1) analysis. Left third metacarpal radiographs on d 0, 112, and 140 were analyzed for radiographic bone aluminum equivalence (RBAE). Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Baseline treatment differences in biomarkers were accounted for using a covariate. There were treatment ′ day interactions (P < 0.01) where OC and CTX-1 remained consistent in both exercise groups while inconsistently increasing in CON. There were no treatment differences (P > 0.30) in RBAE, BW, or HH, but all increased over time (P < 0.01). There was a tendency toward a treatment × day interaction for WH (P = 0.07), characterized by a difference in response by CON during the first 28 d. This study indicates that early forced exercise supports consistent bone metabolism necessary for uniform growth and bone development, while lack of forced exercise results in incongruent bone turnover.

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Abe, Hiroki, Naoko Yoshikawa, Mohammed Golam Sarower, and Shigeru Okada. "Physiological Function and Metabolism of Free D-Alanine in Aquatic Animals." Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 28, no. 9 (2005): 1571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.1571.

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Taub, Frieda B. "Community metabolism of aquatic Closed Ecological Systems: Effects of nitrogen sources." Advances in Space Research 44, no. 8 (October 2009): 949–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2009.04.025.

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Regerand, T. I., Z. A. Nefedova, N. N. Nemova, T. R. Ruokolainen, L. V. Toivonen, L. V. Dubrovina, K. M. Vuori, and L. V. Markova. "Effect of aluminum and iron on lipid metabolism in aquatic invertebrates." Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology 41, no. 2 (March 2005): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10438-005-0034-4.

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Zhou, Qingyang, Jingqing Gao, Ruimin Zhang, and Ruiqin Zhang. "Ammonia stress on nitrogen metabolism in tolerant aquatic plant— Myriophyllum aquaticum." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 143 (September 2017): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.016.

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Leão, G. A., J. A. Oliveira, F. S. Farnese, G. S. Gusman, and R. T. A. Felipe. "Sulfur metabolism: Different tolerances of two aquatic macrophytes exposed to arsenic." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 105 (July 2014): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.011.

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Boston, Harry L., and Michael S. Adams. "Seasonal diurnal acid rhythms in two aquatic crassulacean acid metabolism plants." Oecologia 65, no. 4 (March 1985): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00379675.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Aquatic metabolism'

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