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1
Lewbart, Gregory A., and Trevor T. Zachariah. "Aquatic and Terrestrial Invertebrate Welfare." Animals 13, no. 21 (October 31, 2023): 3375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13213375.
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Invertebrates are a diverse group of animals that make up the majority of the animal kingdom and encompass a wide array of species with varying adaptations and characteristics. Invertebrates are found in nearly all of the world’s habitats, including aquatic, marine, and terrestrial environments. There are many misconceptions about invertebrate sentience, welfare requirements, the need for environmental enrichment, and overall care and husbandry for this amazing group of animals. This review addresses these topics and more for a select group of invertebrates with biomedical, economical, display, and human companionship importance.
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Romero, Nicolas, Robert E. Gresswell, and Judith L. Li. "Changing patterns in coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) diet and prey in a gradient of deciduous canopies." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 1797–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-099.
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We examined the influence of riparian vegetation patterns on coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki clarki diet and prey from the summer of 2001 through the spring of 2002. Benthic and drifting invertebrates, allochthonous prey, and fish diet were collected from deciduous, conifer, and mixed sections of three Oregon coastal watersheds. The nine sites were best characterized as a continuum of deciduous cover, and shrub cover and proportion of deciduous canopy were positively correlated (r = 0.74). Most sources of prey (benthic invertebrate biomass, allochthonous invertebrate inputs, aquatic and total invertebrate drift) and aquatic prey ingested by coastal cutthroat trout were greater where shrub cover was more abundant. Only aquatic drift, total invertebrate drift, and allochthonous invertebrates were positively correlated with deciduous vegetation. Compared with coniferous sites, allochthonous invertebrates under deciduous and mixed canopies were almost 30% more abundant. Stream discharge likely influenced seasonal fluxes of aquatic invertebrate biomass in the benthos and drift. Aquatic insects dominated gut contents during this study; however, terrestrial prey were most common in the diet during the summer and fall. In the Pacific northwest, systematic removal of deciduous riparian vegetation to promote conifers may have unintended consequences on food resources of coastal cutthroat trout and aquatic food web interactions.
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Octavina, Chitra, Maria Ulfah, Sri Agustina, Yayang Rifka Putri, and Indra Indra. "Community structure of invasive aquatic invertebrates in coral reef ecosystems in the KKPD PISISI Simeulue." E3S Web of Conferences 339 (2022): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202233903001.
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This study aimed to determine the structure of invasive aquatic invertebrates through the approach, diversity, similarity, dominance, distribution, and comparison of invasive aquatic invertebrates with coral cover in coral reef ecosystems in PISISI KKPD. This research was conducted in September 2019 using the purposive sampling method to research points, collecting invasive aquatic data used the belt transect method and collecting coral reef data used the Point Intercept Transect (PIT) method. The results of the study found that the structure of invasive aquatic invertebrates in KKPD PISISI was in the good category indicated by the density invasive aquatic invertebrates of 39.67 individuals/m2, the biodiversity index was 1.50 with the medium category, the similarity index is 1.06 in the high category and the dominance index is 0.44 in the low category. The distribution of invasive aquatic invertebrates in the PISISI KKPD includes a cluster distribution. The highest value of invasive invertebrate water was 12.83 ind/m2 and the proportion of coral cover was 29.83% and the lowest was 3.67 ind/m2 and the proportion of coral cover was 54.67% showing the effect of invasive aquatic invertebrates on the proportion of coral cover.
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Foth, Justyn R., Jacob N. Straub, and Richard M. Kaminski. "Comparison of Methods for Processing Sweep-Net Samples of Aquatic Invertebrates From Forested Wetlands." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/022012-jfwm-020.
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Abstract Aquatic invertebrate data are useful for assessing wetland community structure, function, and water quality. Although collecting samples of aquatic invertebrates is relatively efficient and economical, processing these samples can be time consumptive and costly. Accordingly, researchers have devised methods to increase processing efficiency and effectiveness. For example, supersaturated solutions of solutes in various aqueous media have been used to separate invertebrates from aquatic media and organic matter. However, no study has evaluated this method for extracting invertebrates from sweep-net samples from flooded bottomland hardwood forests. We compared invertebrate recovery rates from samples processed using 1) tap water (control), 2) a supersaturated solution of sugar and water, and 3) a supersaturated solution of salt and water. We also evaluated a subsampling procedure by comparing taxonomic Order-level richness and Shannon diversity between sub- and whole samples. Numbers and dry biomass of invertebrates recovered were similar among the three aforementioned treatments. Use of supersaturated solutions did not reduce processing time, because invertebrates and leaf litter both floated instead of separating. Thus, we recommend using only tap water in processing sweep-net samples of invertebrates from forested wetlands that contain abundant leaf litter. Overall, we recovered 72.2% (95% CI = 3.0%) of all detected invertebrates and 48.0% (95% CI = 7.5%) of invertebrate biomass. Invertebrates that weighed less than others (e.g., mosquito larvae; Diptera) were more efficiently recovered than were heavier taxa (e.g., snails; Pulmonata). Our subsampling method underestimated Order-level richness and diversity indexes by 12% and 19%, respectively. However, processing subsamples was nearly two times faster than processing whole samples. Our method of using a sieve to subsample invertebrates is appropriate when numerical abundances are desired, because most (70%) invertebrates were detected and recovered.
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Alqaragholi, Sura Abdulghani, Wael Kanoua, and Patricia Göbel. "Comparative Investigation of Aquatic Invertebrates in Springs in Münsterland Area (Western Germany)." Water 13, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030359.
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The main aim of this study was to investigate the abundance of invertebrates in groundwater in relation to groundwater conditions (groundwater table, discharge, rainfall, and physio-chemical parameters), and to examine the suitable time for invertebrate sampling in springs. Thus, eight springs in two separate study areas, “Baumberge” and “Schöppinger Berg” (Münsterland area, North-Rhine Westphalia in Germany), were sampled five times (24 h for 2–5 consecutive sampling days) between November 2018 and October 2019. The results showed high spatial and temporal variance. In general, the existence of invertebrates and stygobites increased, whereas invertebrate types decreased with increasing hydraulic head and spring discharge. Therefore, investigating the abundance of invertebrates and invertebrate species is recommended to be done separately. Abundance of invertebrates was affected by different factors in both areas. Spearman correlation test (two-tailed) and factor analyses (n = 80, p ≤ 0.01) highlighted the importance of detritus as the main controlling factor for invertebrate existence and stygobite individuals in Baumberge, whereas dissolved oxygen is essential for their existence in Schöppinger Berg.
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Stenert, Cristina, Bruna Ehlert, Arthur Cardoso Ávila, Francisco Diogo Rocha Sousa, Fernanda Mara Esquinatti, Darold Paul Batzer, and Leonardo Maltchik. "Dormant propagule banks of aquatic invertebrates in ponds invaded by exotic pine species in southern Brazil." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 5 (2017): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16067.
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Exotic pine invasion affects native wetland communities in the Southern Hemisphere by changing the hydrological regimen and physicochemical characteristics. Studies evaluating the emergence of aquatic invertebrates from dormant stages are vital to identify the resilience of aquatic communities in ponds invaded by exotic pine species. In the present study, we tested the hypotheses that: (1) pine invasion decreases the richness of drought-resistant aquatic invertebrates in ponds; (2) pine invasion modifies the invertebrate composition in ponds; and (3) these differences in species composition (β diversity) are associated primarily with species turnover. Dry sediment samples were collected from three natural ponds in native grassland and three ponds in a pine invasion matrix in southern Brazil. In all, 7205 invertebrates, primarily represented by cladocerans (18 species), were sampled after rewetting dry sediments. Pine invasion decreased the richness of aquatic invertebrates because the natural ponds had almost 60% more species and a higher number of estimated species than the pine ponds. The composition differed between natural and pine ponds, and this difference in species composition (β diversity) was associated primarily with the replacement of some species by others. The presence of pine appears to alter colonisation and survival rates of aquatic invertebrates that aestivate in dry sediments in southern Brazil wetlands.
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Munsch, Stuart H., Julie S. Barber, Jeffery R. Cordell, Peter M. Kiffney, Beth L. Sanderson, and Jason D. Toft. "Small invertebrates in bivalve-cultivated and unmodified habitats of nearshore ecosystems." Hydrobiologia 848, no. 6 (February 22, 2021): 1249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04520-1.
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AbstractMany nearshore ecosystems are modified by aquaculture, including bivalve culture to produce food and restore extirpated populations. Small invertebrates in nearshore ecosystems support fundamental ecological processes, but the effects of bivalve culture on invertebrates are incompletely understood. Here, we compared invertebrate assemblages from multiple studies of bivalve-cultivated and unmodified nearshore habitats along the US west coast. In general, unmodified eelgrass and nearby off-bottom culture habitats with eelgrass present were inhabited by a greater abundance, richness, and diversity of epibenthic invertebrates than bottom culture and bare (mud, sand) habitats that both lacked eelgrass. Findings of individual studies suggested: minor differences in epibenthic invertebrate assemblages associated with various aquaculture practices; restoring native oysters to mudflats did not detectably alter epibenthic invertebrate abundances; epibenthic invertebrates were more abundant on shell hash introduced to mudflats than unmodified mudflats; and benthic invertebrates were less abundant, rich, and diverse in habitats cultured on bottom by Manila clams. Considering the range of these patterns, there appears to be potential for coastal communities to restore extirpated bivalve populations or develop bivalve culture practices that meet objectives to grow food while maintaining nearshore ecosystems’ fundamental processes supported by robust invertebrate assemblages.
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Albertoni, Edelti Faria, Andréa Luiza De Mattos De Moraes, Pablo Santos Guimarães, and Cleber Palma-Silva. "Invertebrates and microbiota associated with aquatic macrophyte degradation in a shallow lake in southern Brazil." Acta Brasiliensis 4, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22571/2526-4338253.
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Aquatic macrophytes are the main producers of organic matter in shallow aquatic ecosystems. They are also food sources for many herbivores. When macrophytes die, they enter the debris chain, are conditioned by microbial action and colonized by benthic invertebrates which remobilize nutrients from their biomass. In subtropical aquatic systems, the participation of shredder invertebrates has been questioned, highlighting the participation of fungi and bacteria in the degradation of organic matter. This study evaluated the degradation of two submerged aquatic macrophytes, Mayaca fluviatilis and Stuckenia pectinata, determining the quality of debris and microbiota and invertebrate trophic group density throughout the degradation process. Our results indicated that plants with lower polyphenol concentrations had higher degradation speeds. The shredders invertebrates had reduced abundance in both macrophytes, emphasizing the importance of bacteria and fungi in the nutrient cycling process in subtropical shallow lakes.
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Baitchorov, V. М., М. D. Moroz, Y. G. Hihiniak, I. Yu Giginyak, A. А. Kulikova, and J. V. Korzun. "Fauna of aquatic invertebrates of the spring ecosystems in the Minsk region." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series 69, no. 1 (February 8, 2024): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2024-69-1-25-35.
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New data on aquatic invertebrates of the spring ecosystems of the Minsk region are presented. 104 lowest defined taxa (LDT) species and forms of representatives of macrozoobenthos and pleistone complexes belonging to 4 phyla of aquatic invertebrates were found: Platyhelminthes – 2, Mollusca – 20, Annelida – 7, Arthropoda – 75 species and forms. 75 taxonomic elements have been identified before the species. The average number of identified aquatic invertebrate species in the studied springs of the Minsk region was 12‒13 species, and the number of 205 specimens. The sources are inhabited by protected species of animals listed in the Red Book of Belarus and the Red Lists of a number of Western European countries. It was concluded that the fauna of aquatic invertebrate animals is rich and represented by a number of species rare in Belarus and Europe.
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Ferreira, L., and H. H. Du Preez. "Investigation into the occurrence of aquatic invertebrates throughout drinking water purification plants." Water Supply 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.136.
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World-wide, invertebrates are found in most drinking water networks; however, limited data and information are available on the occurrence of invertebrates throughout the purification process. During this investigation, temporal and spatial variations in the invertebrate composition occurring throughout a conventional Drinking Water Purification Plant (DWPP) and the abiotic drivers responsible for their occurrence were investigated. Samples destined for invertebrate and water quality analyses were collected and multivariate statistical analysis was performed on the data obtained. Copepoda, Rotatoria, Cladocera, Ostracoda and Diptera were the dominant groups found in the source water and occurred throughout the purification process. A higher total biomass occurred throughout the purification process, in particular after sedimentation and filtration, compared with the total biomass entering the DWPP. The water quality variables measured were within the optimum ranges of invertebrates. The present study proved the theory that purification plants are an important source of invertebrates occurring in the drinking water distribution network. Strategies should be implemented to improve coagulation (by using coagulants/flocculants to increase the pH above 10.5), flocculation, sedimentation (by removing sludge and algae) and filtration (by optimizing filter bed maintenance) and general filter house ‘housekeeping’.
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Macadam, C. R. "Freshwater aquatic invertebrates on the Isle of May, Scotland." Glasgow Naturalist 27, no. 3 (2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37208/tgn27323.
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The invertebrate fauna of freshwater habitats on the Isle of May, Scotland was investigated and compared with the results from surveys undertaken in 1958. Overall, the freshwater invertebrate fauna appears to be diminished. However, several species were recorded as new to the Isle of May. Although the reasons for the apparent decline in freshwater invertebrates on the island are unclear, an increase in the temporary nature of the habitats due to climate warming may be a contributing factor.
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Baillie, Brenda R., Brendan J. Hicks, Ian D. Hogg, Michael R. van den Heuvel, and Mark O. Kimberley. "Debris dams as habitat for aquatic invertebrates in forested headwater streams: a large-scale field experiment." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 5 (2019): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18216.
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To evaluate the effects of debris dams on aquatic invertebrate communities, we sampled benthic invertebrates in debris dams and riffles in three forested headwater streams in New Zealand. As part of a large-scale field experiment, debris dams were subsequently removed from three treatment sections in each of the streams to assess effects on invertebrate communities. Prior to debris dam removal, total invertebrate densities in debris dams were not significantly different from those in riffles. However, densities of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera taxa were significantly higher in debris dams than in riffles. Debris dams contained a higher number of less common taxa (defined as <1% of total catch) and significantly higher densities of shredders. Densities for Coleoptera, Diptera and Trichoptera taxa were significantly higher in the autumn than in the spring. Non-metric multidimensional scaling axis scores indicated that both habitat and season had a significant effect on aquatic invertebrate community composition. At the reach scale, the effects of debris dam removal on the aquatic invertebrate communities were not statistically detectable because debris dams comprised only a small proportion of total habitat. However, these data highlight the importance of debris dams in contributing to the diversity of aquatic invertebrates in forested headwater streams.
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Lafont, René, and Michel Mathieu. "Steroids in aquatic invertebrates." Ecotoxicology 16, no. 1 (January 20, 2007): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-006-0113-1.
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Negus, Peter M., Jonathan C. Marshall, Alisha L. Steward, Glenn B. Mcgregor, and Ruth A. O'Connor. "Aquatic biota in hot water: thermal gradients in rheocrene hot spring discharges as analogues for the effects of climate warming." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 421 (2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2020042.
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Hot springs are characterised by water temperatures above 36.7 °C. Temperature decreases with distance in flow away from spring vents; this natural gradient provides a unique opportunity to investigate the influence of water temperature on aquatic biota. This study investigated the relationship between water temperature and the aquatic invertebrates and benthic diatoms in outflows from a hot spring complex in tropical north Queensland, Australia. Water temperature ranged from 62.7 °C at the vents to 26.0 °C at the location furthest downstream. Richness of benthic diatoms and aquatic invertebrates increased linearly in response to decreasing temperature, with no species present in the hot vents. Multivariate analysis showed that both community assemblages had a response to the temperature gradient. A drop in aquatic invertebrate richness and a change in assemblage composition occurred between 40 °C and 42 °C, indicating a threshold at this temperature. The nearby Einasleigh River has experienced several contemporary peaks in water temperature over 40 °C, which corresponds to this threshold level. The relationships indicate that consistent increases in water temperature expected under climate change could decrease biological richness and precipitate changes in the aquatic invertebrate and benthic diatom taxa of tropical aquatic ecosystems.
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Wang, Xiaoyan, Qing Wang, Yufeng Yang, and Wenbo Yu. "Comparison of invertebrate diversity in lake waters and their resting eggs in sediments, as revealed by high-throughput sequencing (HTS)." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 421 (2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2020011.
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Aquatic invertebrate diversity reflects water quality and the health of aquatic ecosystems and should be monitored as an essential feature of freshwater ecosystems. The resting eggs of aquatic invertebrates in sediments populate the overlying water. The diversity of invertebrates in waters and their resting eggs in sediments in Baiyangdian Lake, Xiongan, North China, were assessed using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) with a pair of 18S rRNA gene adaptor-linked primers. The total of 99 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) derived from 353,755 invertebrate sequences (mostly zooplankton) were revealed by this study. A total of 50 species in the water samples including 20 rotifers, 11 copepods, 1 cladoceran and 18 other species were sorted out. In the sediment 37 species, including 21 rotifers, 3 copepods, 1 cladoceran and 12 other species, were identified. There were 24 species in common between water and corresponding sediments. Invertebrate OTU richness in water samples was higher than that in sediments (p < 0.01), while there was no significant difference in the Shannon-Wiener index. These results suggest that HTS is a promising alternative for efficient biodiversity assessment and monitoring.
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McElligott, Paul E. K., and David J. Lewis. "RELATIVE EFFICIENCIES OF WET AND DRY EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLING AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRATES IN A SUBARCTIC PEATLAND." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 126, S169 (1994): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm126169285-1.
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AbstractTwo behavioural extraction techniques, wet and dry extraction, were evaluated as to their relative efficiencies in removing invertebrates from samples of wet peat collected from a fen near Schefferville, Quebec. Dry extraction involved drying a substrate sample from above, forcing any macroinvertebrates contained therein to move downward out of the substrate matrix. In wet extraction, peat samples were suspended in a water bath where a vertical temperature-dissolved oxygen gradient had been established; invertebrates responded to the gradient by moving downward out of the sample and into the water bath. Wet extraction yielded approximately three times more invertebrates per unit volume of substrate than dry extraction, but the two extraction methods differed considerably in their ability to extract different invertebrate taxa. Dry extraction was more effective than wet for obtaining larvae of Tabanidae, Tipulidae, Empididae, and Dolichopodidae, but larval Chironomidae, sphaeriid clams, and oligochaete worms were collected more efficiently by wet extraction. Other invertebrate taxa were collected with approximately equal efficiency by both methods.
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Rader, Russell B. "A functional classification of the drift: traits that influence invertebrate availability to salmonids." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 1211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-025.
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Twelve categories/traits were used to classify and rank aquatic invertebrates based on their propensity to drift and importance as a food resource for salmonids. Invertebrate availability was based on their (i) propensity to intentionally drift, (ii) likelihood of being accidentally dislodged by the current, (iii) drift distance, (iv) adult drift, (v) benthic exposure, (vi) body size, and (vii) abundance. This study represents the first attempt to characterize the intentional drift propensity of stream invertebrates. A ranking procedure separated invertebrates into Baetis and three groups decreasing in availability. Predicted ranks were significantly correlated with the actual rank of invertebrates in trout guts taken in three separate studies conducted in the central Rocky Mountains, suggesting that this procedure can effectively rank invertebrates based on their availability as a food resource for salmonids. A cluster analysis separated the 95 taxa into four drift guilds and six availability groups. This study provides criteria for determining when alterations in invertebrate community composition will affect food resources for higher trophic levels by causing a decline in the most available taxa. This research also supports previous findings that floods are important in maintaining invertebrates that represent an important food resource for salmonids.
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Kirk, David Anthony, Sara J. Collins, Juan Andrés Martínez-Lanfranco, and Amanda E. Martin. "Crop cover and nutrient levels mediate the effects of land management type on aquatic invertebrate richness in prairie potholes." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (April 16, 2024): e0295001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295001.
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Aquatic invertebrates provide important ecosystem services, including decomposition and nutrient cycling, and provide nutrition for birds, fish, amphibians, and bats. Thus, the effects of agricultural land management practices on aquatic invertebrates are relevant to farmers, wildlife biologists, and policymakers. Here, we used data on aquatic invertebrates (159 taxa, 73 to species, 75 to genus/family) collected in 40 wetlands in the Canadian prairies to test for direct and indirect relationships among land management types (perennial cover, organic, minimum tillage, conventional), landscape structure (cropland and wetland cover within the surrounding landscape), and water quality (total nutrient levels, turbidity) on species richness of invertebrates using structural equation modelling. Additionally, we assessed variation in community composition within and among wetlands in different land use management types using a direct gradient analysis and variance partitioning. The direct effects of land management type were not supported but we found strong supportive evidence that effects of land management on richness were significantly mediated through cropland cover, nutrient levels, and turbidity. After controlling for these indirect effects, aquatic invertebrate richness decreased along a gradient from the lowest to the highest farming intensity, i.e., richness decreased from perennial cover sites to organic to minimum tillage to conventional sites. Support was also found for negative effects of nutrient levels and turbidity on richness. We did not find significant support for differences in gamma diversity or a simple test (homogeneity of multivariate dispersions) of differences in turnover among land management types; however, land management had a significant effect in distance-based redundancy analysis. Taken together, these results suggest that focusing conservation efforts on reducing cropland erosion and nutrient inputs to wetlands and creating more permanent cover may be effective strategies for conserving richness of aquatic invertebrates in agricultural landscapes in this region.
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Dobrzycka-Krahel, Aldona. "Movement of Southern European Aquatic Alien Invertebrate Species to the North and South." Water 15, no. 14 (July 17, 2023): 2598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15142598.
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Due to globalisation and anthropopressure (intensification of shipping, creation of water corridors connecting seas, cultivation of commercial species), the movement of aquatic species has increased in recent years. The determination of trends in the movement of aquatic species in their geographical distribution over time is important because it may help in the management of a species in aquatic ecosystems. There are also knowledge gaps on the long-term trends in the movements of Southern European aquatic alien invertebrates. The study provides the first evidence of both northward and southward movements of these species based on available observations from 1940 to 2021, using meta-analyses and GAM modelling. To date, the majority (98%) of analysed Southern European aquatic alien invertebrates of Mediterranean and Ponto-Caspian origin have moved to the north. Among them, 61% are Ponto-Caspian aquatic alien invertebrates that moved only to the north, and 4% are Mediterranean aquatic alien invertebrates that moved only to the north; the rest include species that moved to the north and south: 27% are Ponto-Caspian aquatic alien invertebrates, and 6% are Mediterranean aquatic alien invertebrates. The one-way movement to the south was observed only in 2% of Mediterranean aquatic alien species. The study will help in understanding the movement patterns of Southern European aquatic alien invertebrates and in the effective management of aquatic ecosystems that allow for the co-existence of people and the rest of biodiversity.
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Vaughn, Stephanie N., and Colin R. Jackson. "Evaluating Methods of Preserving Aquatic Invertebrates for Microbiome Analysis." Microorganisms 10, no. 4 (April 13, 2022): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040811.
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Research on the microbiomes of animals has increased substantially within the past decades. More recently, microbial analyses of aquatic invertebrates have become of increased interest. The storage method used while collecting aquatic invertebrates has not been standardized throughout the scientific community, and the effects of common storage methods on the microbial composition of the organism is unknown. Using crayfish and dragonfly nymphs collected from a natural pond and crayfish maintained in an aquarium, the effects of two common storage methods, preserving in 95% ethanol and freezing at −20 °C, on the invertebrate bacterial microbiome was evaluated. We found that the bacterial community was conserved for two sample types (gut and exoskeleton) of field-collected crayfish stored either in ethanol or frozen, as was the gut microbiome of aquarium crayfish. However, there were significant differences between the bacterial communities found on the exoskeleton of aquarium crayfish stored in ethanol compared to those that were frozen. Dragonfly nymphs showed significant differences in gut microbial composition between species, but the microbiome was conserved between storage methods. These results demonstrate that preserving field-collected specimens of aquatic invertebrates in 95% ethanol is likely to be a simple and effective sample preservation method for subsequent gut microbiome analysis but is less reliable for the external microbiome.
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Abejo, Jean Rose A., and Jess H. Jumawan. "A Multifaceted Study of Wawa River, Esperanza, Agusan Del Sur, Philippines - Aquatic Macroinvertebrates, Water Quality, and Soil Particle Size Analysis." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation 2, no. 4 (October 23, 2023): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajiri.v2i4.2100.
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The diversity of macro-invertebrate species in specific aquatic habitats often assesses environmental stress caused by pollution. To find out interactions in various macro-invertebrates communities, different water quality parameters and soil particles of Wawa River, research was conducted on Wawa River, Esperanza Agusan del Sur. Samples of macro-invertebrates, water and soil were taken from three different river stations. A total of 13 taxa of various macro-invertebrates were identified from the area. Phylum Arthropoda constitutes 62% of the total population and 32% form Phylum Mollusca. There is a notable similarity in macroinvertebrate abundance across the three stations, but the maximum numbers were observed in downstream. Most of the water physicochemical parameters of Wawa River were within the normal range, suitable for the healthy growth of macro-invertebrates. Most of the three sampling stations have medium sand particles, indicating relatively stable sediment, suitable habitat availability, and ongoing sediment transport and deposition processes. Diversified populations of various macro-invertebrates confirm good ecological condition of the environment and water in the studied site especially ample concentration of DO in River. The documented data on macro-invertebrates in the studied site will provide a baseline for future research.
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Sack, Jeff. "Microscopy, Invertebrates, & Aquatic Biology." American Biology Teacher 65, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4451437.
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MALMQVIST, BJÖRN. "Aquatic invertebrates in riverine landscapes." Freshwater Biology 47, no. 4 (April 2002): 679–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00895.x.
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Warner, Barry G., and Brenda J. Hann. "Aquatic Invertebrates as Paleoclimatic Indicators?" Quaternary Research 28, no. 3 (November 1987): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90009-3.
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Irons III, John G., L. Keith Miller, and Mark W. Oswood. "Ecological adaptations of aquatic macroinvertebrates to overwintering in interior Alaska (U.S.A.) subarctic streams." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-015.
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Freshwater invertebrates of northern regions are faced annually with freezing of shallow habitats. Several responses to habitat freezing are possible, including migration to favorable habitats and physiological adaptations such as freeze-avoidance or freeze-tolerance. We thawed sections of frozen stream gravel and identified the live and dead invertebrates present. Chironomidae and Empididae (Diptera) constituted >90% of individuals found in frozen habitats: Empididae showed substantial survival in frozen habitats. We also tested the ability of Alaskan stream invertebrates to survive in habitats that freeze. In a series of laboratory experiments we showed that most taxa found in Alaskan streams do not have the ability to survive even moderately subzero temperatures (e.g., −1.0 °C). When faced with an advancing freezing front, these taxa actively moved away. We suggest that most aquatic invertebrate taxa survive winter by either migrating away from a freezing front or remaining in habitats that do not freeze. Chironomidae and Empididae, however, can overwinter in frozen habitat, and Empididae show high survival upon thawing of frozen stream gravels. Predicted changes in temperature and precipitation patterns at these latitudes due to global climate warming may have effects on the availability of overwintering habitat for stream invertebrates that result in changes in the structure and function of high-latitude stream ecosystems.
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Słomczyński, Kamil, Grzegorz Tończyk, and Mateusz Płóciennik. "New insight into the macroinvertebrates of the Rawka River Nature Reserve (central Poland)." Ecologica Montenegrina 62 (April 19, 2023): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2023.62.2.
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This paper presents the results of a preliminary survey on macroinvertebrate communities of a pristine lowland river Rawka in central Poland. The whole river is protected by a nature reserve but its invertebrates haven’t yet been investigated extensively. This research has three main objectives: 1) to recognise preliminarily Rawka’s macrofauna, 2) to determine the dissimilarity pattern between macroinvertebrates from the riverbed and the local oxbow, 3) to compare the invertebrate assemblages occurring in different habitats. The material was collected at three riverbed sampling points and one oxbow study site. It was found that the oxbow of Rawka River has different aquatic invertebrate communities than the riverbed. Conducted preliminary studies indicate that Rawka and its oxbow reveal high invertebrate diversity that is still vastly underestimated. Seventy-seven invertebrate taxa were collected and twenty-seven of them are first-recorded for Rawka River. Some rare and protected species have been found in the river, e.g. Ophiogomphus cecilia − a dragonfly which remains under strict species protection in Poland. The composition of aquatic invertebrates indicates that water quality of Rawka at the investigated section is good, but this needs to be confirmed with more extensive studies.
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Osborn, Rae. "Recent insights into the use of invertebrates as indicators of habitat quality." Science Reviews. Biology 1, no. 1 (October 16, 2022): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.57098/scirevs.biology.1.1.5.
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Invertebrates are an important part of aquatic and terrestrial systems, and are, thus, useful as indicators of environmental changes. Habitat quality can be assessed by noting changes in species composition, and relative abundances, using various indices, and by alterations in physiology and morphology of what are known as indicator species. Research shows that invertebrates can be used to indicate if habitat conditions have changed, either worsened or improved. This is why identifying indicator species is crucial. This article covers some recent findings of how invertebrate organisms can be helpful in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in indicating ecosystem and habitat deterioration. We also discuss what makes a good indicator species and the types of taxa that have been used in this way.
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Behrens-Chapuis, Simone, Fabian Herder, and Matthias F. Geiger. "Adding DNA barcoding to stream monitoring protocols – What’s the additional value and congruence between morphological and molecular identification approaches?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): e0244598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244598.
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Although aquatic macroinvertebrates and freshwater fishes are important indicators for freshwater quality assessments, the morphological identification to species-level is often impossible and thus especially in many invertebrate taxa not mandatory during Water Framework Directive monitoring, a pragmatism that potentially leads to information loss. Here, we focus on the freshwater fauna of the River Sieg (Germany) to test congruence and additional value in taxa detection and taxonomic resolution of DNA barcoding vs. morphology-based identification in monitoring routines. Prior generated morphological identifications of juvenile fishes and aquatic macroinvertebrates were directly compared to species assignments using the identification engine of the Barcode of Life Data System. In 18% of the invertebrates morphology allowed only assignments to higher systematic entities, but DNA barcoding lead to species-level assignment. Dissimilarities between the two approaches occurred in 7% of the invertebrates and in 1% of the fishes. The 18 fish species were assigned to 20 molecular barcode index numbers, the 104 aquatic invertebrate taxa to 113 molecular entities. Although the cost-benefit analysis of both methods showed that DNA barcoding is still more expensive (5.30–8.60€ per sample) and time consuming (12.5h), the results emphasize the potential to increase taxonomic resolution and gain a more complete profile of biodiversity, especially in invertebrates. The provided reference DNA barcodes help building the foundation for metabarcoding approaches, which provide faster sample processing and more cost-efficient ecological status determination.
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Pham, A. D., and T. S. Dao. "Aquatic invertebrates and their correlation with the basic abiotic factors in the coastal water of Can Gio, Southern Vietnam." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1349, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1349/1/012010.
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Abstract Macroinvertebrates metrics are reliable indicators to assess the environmental quality and ecological health. In water systems, estuarine areas are sinks and sources of nutrients and pollutants, and strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities and emission from inland. Benthic macroinvertebrates and zooplankton living in estuary and coastal are not very active organisms hence heavily impacted by surrounding environmental conditions. In this study, we assessed the water quality at the tropical coastal of Can Gio located in Southern Vietnam, based on the aquatic invertebrates and environmental variables. The organisms were monitored at 20 sampling sites along the Can Gio coastal in November 2021, April, June and August 2022. Totally, 45 invertebrate species were recorded in the Can Gio coastal. The zooplankton and benthic macroinvertebrate abundance, respectively, varied between 900 to 13,000 individuals/m3, and ranged from 30 to 120 individuals/m2. The copepods and polychaetes were dominant in both species number and abundance of the zooplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates, respectively. The water quality at the Can Gio coastal during the monitored period was from low pollution to high-moderate pollution based on the invertebrate structure, abundance and indices. The results also showed the correlation between environmental variables (e.g., turbidity and dissolved oxygen) and species richness and abundance of aquatic invertebrates. Our study revealed the important and valuable application of aquatic invertebrates for the environmental quality monitoring to protect the border of the most mangrove biosphere reserve in Vietnam.
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Gonçalves, José Francisco, Renan de Souza Rezende, Juliana França, and Marcos Callisto. "Invertebrate colonisation during leaf processing of native, exotic and artificial detritus in a tropical stream." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 5 (2012): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11172.
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The relationship between leaf breakdown and colonisation by invertebrates in tropical aquatic ecosystems is poorly understood, especially in regard to the added problem of the potential effects of exotic species. To assess the colonisation by invertebrates during leaf breakdown in a third-order headwater stream in south-eastern Brazil, we conducted an experiment using the native species Miconia chartacea, the exotic species Eucalyptus grandis and artificial leaves. We hypothesised that the quality of the detritus and the leaf shape influence invertebrate colonisation because of the quality of the food and refuge offered by leaf detritus. Invertebrate density and richness were higher on leaves of E. grandis than on those of M. chartacea. Taxon richness did not differ among M. chartacea and the two sizes of artificial leaves offered, probably as a function of the chemical composition of E. grandis. Total invertebrate density was significantly higher in the organic detritus, suggesting that detritus provides food for the organisms. Our results indicate that the colonisation of invertebrates is probably affected by the chemical composition of detritus. Contrary to expectations, the community of invertebrates had no difficulty in colonising E. grandis, although it is an exotic species. In addition, the shredder activity did not influence leaf breakdown. These results may indicate that the invertebrates in this stream tend to behave as generalist feeders.
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Son, Se-Hwan, Soon-Jik Kwon, Ji-Hyeok Im, Seong-Ki Kim, Dongsoo Kong, and Jong-Yun Choi. "Aquatic Macrophytes Determine the Spatial Distribution of Invertebrates in a Shallow Reservoir." Water 13, no. 11 (May 22, 2021): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111455.
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Aquatic macrophytes determine the physical structure of many microhabitats in water and strongly influence the distribution of various aquatic animals. In this study, we analyzed the main microhabitat characteristics that affected the spatial distribution of invertebrates in shallow wetlands of South Korea (Jangcheok Reservoir). Environmental variables, macrophyte biomass, and invertebrate groups were used to analyze invertebrate distribution using a self-organizing map (SOM). Thirteen invertebrate groups were mapped onto the SOM, and each group was compared with the distribution of environmental variables and macrophyte biomass. Based on a U-matrix, five clusters were categorized according to Euclidean distance on the SOM. Invertebrate groups were closely related to macrophyte biomass. In particular, Lymnaeidae, Physidae, Viviparidae, Ecnomidae, and Hydrophilidae were abundant in quadrats with a high cover of Paspalum distichum and Nelumbo nucifera. Bithyniidae and Coenagrionidae were strongly associated with Trapa japonica and Hydrocharis dubia, whereas Planorbidae, Corduliidae, and Hydrophilidae were abundant with a high cover of Typha orientalis. Similar habitat preferences were found in a survey of gastropod distribution on the surface of each macrophyte species. The results clearly indicated that invertebrate distribution clusters were related to the spatial distribution of aquatic macrophytes in a shallow wetland.
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Batzer, Darold P., Bagie M. George, and Amy Braccia. "Aquatic Invertebrate Responses to Timber Harvest in a Bottomland Hardwood Wetland of South Carolina." Forest Science 51, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/51.4.284.
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Abstract We used aquatic invertebrates to assess environmental impacts of timber harvest on a bottomland hardwood wetland in the Coosawhatchie River floodplain, Jasper County, SC. Two years (1998, 1999) of preharvest baseline data were collected during winter floods in three 11–13-ha tracts of wetland forest. The following autumn of 1999 one tract was completely clearcut. In a second tract the majority of the area was also clearcut, but three 0.2–0.6-ha islands of intact forest were retained (i.e., patch-retention treatment). The third tract remained intact and served as the control. We continued to sample invertebrates in the three tracts for another 2 years (2000, 2001) after harvests. Invertebrate communities in the clearcut tract differed significantly from previous baseline conditions in that habitat and also from the nearby control tract. The patch-retention tract induced a lesser response than the clearcut, suggesting that retention islands helped mitigate impacts. Timber harvest caused a decline in some invertebrate populations (Asellidae, Crangonyctidae, Planorbidae), but an increase in others (Culicidae). Overall invertebrate abundance and family richness was not affected by harvest, only community composition. Invertebrate change probably reflected a conversion of a fauna typical of forested wetland to one typical of herbaceous wetland. FOR. SCI. 51(4):284–291.
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Hoffman, Joel C., John R. Kelly, Anett S. Trebitz, Greg S. Peterson, and Corlis W. West. "Effort and potential efficiencies for aquatic non-native species early detection." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 12 (December 2011): 2064–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-117.
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Our objective was to determine the effort required for high-probability early detection of non-native zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, and fish using Duluth–Superior Harbor — a Great Lakes port under intense non-native species introduction pressure — as a case study. Initially, we allocated samples using a spatially balanced random design. We then resampled the harbor, but allocated samples to a few targeted areas. We detected 21 non-native invertebrate and 10 non-native fish species; however, many rare zooplankton and benthic invertebrates were likely missed. The two designs did not have significantly different species accumulation curves, but the targeted area design samples had higher species richness and detected non-native species with a significantly higher probability. It was possible to reduce the effort required to detect established non-native species. In contrast, the effort required to detect an ultra-rare, newly arrived species remained large. Based on statistical estimation theory, the effort required to detect 95% or more of species present could exceed enumerating 750 zooplankton samples (~500 000 individuals, ~90 species), 150 benthic invertebrate samples (~100 000 individuals, ~250 species), and 100 fish samples (~75 000 individuals, ~40 species).
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Reichert, Katharina, Friedrich Buchholz, Inka Bartsch, Thomas Kersten, and Luis Giménez. "Scale-dependent patterns of variability in species assemblages of the rocky intertidal at Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 7 (July 22, 2008): 1319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408001926.
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A growing body of literature shows that benthic communities are hierarchically structured on spatial and temporal scales. In two study locations at Helgoland (North Sea), the northern and the western locations, we: (1) investigated the variation in abundance of specific algae and invertebrates at two spatial scales; and (2) evaluated the relationship between elevation and specific species at these scales. We were also interested in using this information about the spatial pattern of individual algae and invertebrates as well as the patterns of elevation to help develop a monitoring programme of the rocky intertidal. We examined the variation of individual algae and invertebrates by means of a hierarchical nested design. Data were taken from five replicates per plot, with plots located in transects (two transects per location).At the northern location, the highest variability in cover of most algae and invertebrates occurred at the scale separated by about 50 m (scale: transect). This was a direct result of differences between the high- and the low-shore. Most species at high-shore showed a relatively low frequency of occurrence in contrast to a highest frequency of occurence (~100%) and maximal values of cover at low-shore. However, neither a linear nor a non-linear relationship between elevation and the specific species occurred. At the western location, the highest variability in most macroalgae and invertebrates investigated was among replicates (10s of centimetres apart). No relationship between elevation and individual species occurred at this location. Macroalgae at both locations were more consistent over time than invertebrate species. Our results suggest that the relevant processes shaping the individual macroalgae and invertebrates at the Helgoland rocky intertidal vary between locations and the specific species.The potential causes of variation in macroalgal and invertebrate species at different spatial scales are discussed and suggestions for a future monitoring programme are given. Temporal inconsistency in the spatial patterns, and the fact that some individual algae and invertebrates comprising the benthic assemblages vary at different scales, speak in favour of a multiple-scale sampling approach for monitoring change in the intertidal communities at Helgoland.
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Murkin, Henry R., and Bruce D. J. Batt. "THE INTERACTIONS OF VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES IN PEATLANDS AND MARSHES." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 119, S140 (1987): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm119140015-1.
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AbstractThis paper reviews the interactions of vertebrates and invertebrates in peatlands and marshes to assess current knowledge and future research needs. Living organisms may interact through a number of direct trophic and nutrient pathways and a variety of non-trophic, habitat-dependent relationships. Freshwater marshes and peatlands are dynamic aquatic environments and organisms that occupy these areas must be adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. The avian community illustrates the main interactions of invertebrates and vertebrates in peatlands and marshes. Waterfowl, along with fish and furbearers, are the most economically important vertebrates using these habitats. Each of these groups has important trophic and habitat links to the invertebrates within wetlands.The most common interaction between vertebrates and invertebrates is the use of invertebrates as food by vertebrates. Few studies, however, have dealt with trophic dynamics or secondary production within wetlands. Waterfowl, fish, and many other wetland vertebrates, during all or part of their life cycles, regularly feed on invertebrates. Some invertebrates are vectors of disease and parasites to vertebrates. Vertebrates can directly affect the structural substrate that invertebrates depend on as habitat through consumption of macrophytes or through the use of living and dead plant material in the construction of houses and nests. Conversely, herbivorous invertebrates may directly affect the survival and distribution of macrophytes in wetlands. Macrophyte distribution, in turn, is an important factor in determining vertebrate use of wetlands. The general lack of both taxonomic and ecological information on invertebrates in wetlands is the main hindrance to future elucidation of vertebrate–invertebrate interactions in these environments. Development of invertebrate sampling techniques suitable for wetland habitats also is necessary. More specific research needs must be met to develop a better understanding of the structure and function of these dynamic systems.
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Cieplok, Anna, Mariola Krodkiewska, Izabella Franiel, Rafał Starzak, Martina Sowa, and Aneta Spyra. "The Role of Habitat Protection in Maintaining the Diversity of Aquatic Fauna in Rural and Industrial Areas." Water 14, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 3983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14233983.
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In Natural Landscape Complexes and Ecological Sites, local environmental protection is used to cover previous industrial activities, fragments of the cultural landscape, and habitats of both vertebrates and invertebrates. In water bodies within the different types of habitat protection, aquatic invertebrate fauna was studied to investigate whether it is a general rule that different forms of protection ensure the diversity of aquatic invertebrates in rural and industrial areas. The research revealed differences between invertebrate assemblages within complexes and between reservoirs. Compared with unprotected reservoirs located in the same area, in the majority of the studied water bodies, either no alien species were found or their relative abundance in assemblages was very low. Significant differences in the density, the number of taxa, the diversity, and the percentage of alien species were observed between different geographical locations. The location of water bodies within the protected area plays an important role in maintaining benthos diversity in industrial areas. These findings are useful for comparison with those of future research to document possible improvements or ongoing ecological regression in the quality of aquatic ecosystems in industrial areas. This study can help guide revisions of protected habitat networks for adequate protection of freshwater biodiversity in industrial areas.
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Fujita, D. S., A. M. Takeda, R. Coutinho, and F. C. Fernandes. "Influence of antifouling paint on freshwater invertebrates (Mytilidae, Chironomidae and Naididae): density, richness and composition." Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, no. 4 suppl 1 (November 27, 2015): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.05114.
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Abstract We conducted a study about invertebrates on artificial substrates with different antifouling paints in order to answer the following questions 1) is there lower accumulation of organic matter on substrates with antifouling paints, 2) is invertebrate colonization influenced by the release of biocides from antifouling paints, 3) is the colonization of aquatic invertebrates positively influenced by the material accumulated upon the substrate surface and 4) is the assemblage composition of invertebrates similar among the different antifouling paints? To answer these questions, four structures were installed in the Baía River in February 1st, 2007. Each structure was composed of 7 wood boards: 5 boards painted with each type of antifouling paints (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5), one painted only with the primer (Pr) and the other without any paint (Cn). After 365 days, we observed a greater accumulation of organic matter in the substrates with T2 and T3 paint coatings. Limnoperna fortunei was recorded in all tested paints, with higher densities in the control, primer, T2 and T3. The colonization of Chironomidae and Naididae on the substrate was positively influenced by L. fortunei density. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of the invertebrate community provided evidence of the clear distinction of invertebrate assemblages among the paints. Paints T2 and T3 were the most similar to the control and primer. Our results suggest that antifouling paints applied on substrates hinder invertebrate colonization by decreasing the density and richness of invertebrates.
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Sertić Perić, Mirela, Renata Matoničkin Kepčija, Ines Radanović, Biserka Primc, and Ivan Habdija. "Freshwater reefs as mesohabitats for the assessment of diel invertebrate drift patterns." Natura Croatica 29, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.20302/nc.2020.29.26.
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Freshwater reefs (known as tufa barriers) are special karst features recognized for highly heterogeneous habitat structures, complex hydrogeological features, and unique macrozoobenthos drift (downstream dispersal) patterns. Our study objective was to investigate diel and seasonal drift patterns between barriers and pools, both composed of moss-rich and fishless mesohabitat types, aligned on a small spatial scale within the karst, tufa-precipitating Plitvice Lakes hydrosystem. We monthly sampled drift at the two mesohabitat types (barriers and pools) during midday and dusk and examined quantitative and qualitative drift compositions, including drifting invertebrates, moss, and associated particulate organic and inorganic matter (APOIM). Barriers displayed higher invertebrate drift densities than those of pools. The same pattern was observed for moss and APOIM. At both mesohabitat types, invertebrate drift showed peak but highly variable densities during late spring and summer (mean >100 individuals m-3), whereas during late winter and early spring the drift densities were 5-fold lower than those densities. The nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that invertebrate drift seasonality was influenced by seasonal drift patterns of aquatic moss and moss-dwelling invertebrate taxa. Adult and/or larval Riolus spp. and larval Hemerodromia spp. were found to be the most significant for the separation of midday and dusk within the NMDS ordination of barriers and pools. At barriers, midday drift densities of invertebrates, moss, and APOIM were higher than the respective dusk records. Within pools, invertebrate drift was largely aperiodic. We suggest that increased midday and/or aperiodic drift are a consequence of the lack of fish between barrier- and pool-mesohabitats. Our results further indicated that aquatic invertebrates inhabiting fast-flowing barriers and slow-flowing pools mostly exhibit “passive drift” mediated by transport agents such as water flow and dislodged aquatic vegetation. The observed spatio-temporal drift patterns are also likely influenced by ontogenetic shifts in drift periodicity (i.e., shifts depending on the development stage and morphological characteristics of the individual taxa) as well as benthic distribution of moss-dwelling invertebrate taxa. We can conclude that biotic (vs. abiotic) controls of drift are likely minimized in the fishless case of the freshwater reefs and associated barrier–pool sequences within Plitvice Lakes hydrosystem.
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Wangchuk, Jigme, and Kuenzang Dorji. "Stream macro-invertebrate diversity of the Phobjikha Valley, Bhutan." Journal of Threatened Taxa 10, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 11126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3138.10.1.11126-11146.
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Macro-invertebrates form an integral part of aquatic systems, and assessment of macro-invertebrate communities is one of the best ways to monitor the health of a stream. Despite this, stream monitoring of macro-invertebrates has been extremely limited in Bhutan. A study was conducted to generate baseline information on macro-invertebrate diversity in the Phobjikha valley, covering community composition and seasonal variation in diversity during post and pre-monsoon seasons. From a total of 244 units sampled in streams, 50 families from 13 orders were recorded. The dominant order overall was Ephemeroptera (31%), which also dominated the pre-monsoon assessment (33%), while Trichoptera (39%) dominated the post-monsoon assessment. The pre-monsoon assessment recorded two additional orders, Caenogastropoda and Veneroida. There was no significant difference in diversity between the post-monsoon and pre-monsoon assessments (p˃0.3), but a significant difference in species diversity between seasons was observed in pools and riffles. Physicochemical parameters indicated that pH, electrical conductivity and salinity were within favorable ranges for macro-invertebrates. Further studies of other habitats in different seasons will produce a more comprehensive understanding of macro-invertebrate diversity.
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Marks, Jane C. "Revisiting the Fates of Dead Leaves That Fall into Streams." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 50, no. 1 (November 2, 2019): 547–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024755.
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As terrestrial leaf litter decomposes in rivers, its constituent elements follow multiple pathways. Carbon leached as dissolved organic matter can be quickly taken up by microbes, then respired before it can be transferred to the macroscopic food web. Alternatively, this detrital carbon can be ingested and assimilated by aquatic invertebrates, so it is retained longer in the stream and transferred to higher trophic levels. Microbial growth on litter can affect invertebrates through three pathways, which are not mutually exclusive. First, microbes can facilitate invertebrate feeding, improving food quality by conditioning leaves and making them more palatable for invertebrates. Second, microbes can be prey for invertebrates. Third, microbes can compete with invertebrates for resources bound within litter and may produce compounds that retard carbon and nitrogen fluxes to invertebrates. As litter is broken down into smaller particles, there are many opportunities for its elements to reenter the stream food web. Here, I describe a conceptual framework for evaluating how traits of leaf litter will affect its fate in food webs and ecosystems that is useful for predicting how global change will alter carbon fluxes into and out of streams.
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Sánchez-Hernández, Javier. "Reciprocal Role of Salamanders in Aquatic Energy Flow Pathways." Diversity 12, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12010032.
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Many species of salamanders (newts and salamanders per se) have a pivotal role in energy flow pathways as they include individuals functioning as prey, competitors, and predators. Here, I synthesize historic and contemporary research on the reciprocal ecological role of salamanders as predators and prey in aquatic systems. Salamanders are a keystone in ecosystem functioning through a combination of top–down control, energy transfer, nutrient cycling processes, and carbon retention. The aquatic developmental stages of salamanders are able to feed on a wide variety of invertebrate prey captured close to the bottom as well as on small conspecifics (cannibalism) or other sympatric species, but can also consume terrestrial invertebrates on the water surface. This capacity to consume allochthonous resources (terrestrial invertebrates) highlights the key role of salamanders as couplers of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (i.e., aquatic–terrestrial linkages). Salamanders are also an important food resource for other vertebrates such as fish, snakes, and mammals, covering the energy demands of these species at higher trophic levels. This study emphasizes the ecological significance of salamanders in aquatic systems as central players in energy flow pathways, enabling energy mobility among trophic levels (i.e., vertical energy flow) and between freshwater and terrestrial habitats (i.e., lateral energy flow).
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Cyr, Hélène, and John A. Downing. "Empirical Relationships of Phytomacrofaunal Abundance to Plant Biomass and Macrophyte Bed Characteristics." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 976–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-120.
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The abundance of phytophilous invertebrates was measured in 13 macrophyte beds and was related, using multiple regression analysis, to the biomass of macrophytes among which the invertebrates were collected, the average plant biomass growing per unit lake area, water and organic matter content of the sediments, total phosphorus concentration in the water, rooting depth of the macrophyte bed, and sampling date. Quantitative analyses are presented for chironomids, cladocerans, cyclopoid copepods, gastropods, water mites (Hydracarina), ostracods, and trichopterans. R2 values for the regression equations ranged from 0.43 to 0.81. The abundance of invertebrates was best related to the biomass of separate plant species, but equations based only on total plant biomass sometimes had equivalent R2 values, in general, the abundance of phytophilous invertebrates was positively related to areal plant biomass, sediment organic matter, and lake trophic status and negatively related to depth. The abundance of phytophilous invertebrates generally rose throughout the sampling season. The sign of the relationship with sediment water content, however, varied among invertebrate taxa. Macrophyte beds with high areal plant biomass, in lakes with high total phosphorus concentration, support the greatest abundance of potential invertebrate food for fish and waterfowl.
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Chandler, Houston C., J. Checo Colón-Gaud, Thomas A. Gorman, Khalil Carson, and Carola A. Haas. "Does long-term fire suppression impact leaf litter breakdown and aquatic invertebrate colonization in pine flatwoods wetlands?" PeerJ 9 (November 29, 2021): e12534. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12534.
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Ephemeral wetlands are commonly embedded within pine uplands of the southeastern United States. These wetlands support diverse communities but have often been degraded by a lack of growing-season fires that historically maintained the vegetation structure. In the absence of fire, wetlands develop a dense mid-story of woody vegetation that increases canopy cover and decreases the amount of herbaceous vegetation. To understand how reduced fire frequency impacts wetland processes, we measured leaf litter breakdown rates and invertebrate communities using three common plant species (Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris), Pineland Threeawn Grass (Aristida stricta), and Black Gum (Nyssa sylvatica)) that occur in pine flatwoods wetlands located on Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. We also tested whether or not the overall habitat type within a wetland (fire maintained or fire suppressed) affected these processes. We placed leaf packs containing 15.0 g of dried leaf litter from each species in both fire-maintained and fire-suppressed sections of three wetlands, removing them after 103–104 days submerged in the wetland. The amount of leaf litter remaining at the end of the study varied across species (N. sylvatica = 7.97 ± 0.17 g, A. stricta = 11.84 ± 0.06 g, and P. palustris = 11.37 ± 0.07 g (mean ± SE)) and was greater in fire-maintained habitat (leaf type: F2,45 = 437.2, P < 0.001; habitat type: F1,45 = 4.6, P = 0.037). We identified an average of 260 ± 33.5 (SE) invertebrates per leaf pack (range: 19–1,283), and the most abundant taxonomic groups were Cladocera, Isopoda, Acariformes, and Diptera. Invertebrate relative abundance varied significantly among litter species (approximately 39.9 ± 9.4 invertebrates per gram of leaf litter remaining in N. sylvatica leaf packs, 27.2 ± 5.3 invertebrates per gram of A. stricta, and 14.6 ± 3.1 invertebrates per gram of P. palustris (mean ± SE)) but not habitat type. However, both habitat (pseudo-F1,49 = 4.30, P = 0.003) and leaf litter type (pseudo-F2,49 = 3.62, P = 0.001) had a significant effect on invertebrate community composition. Finally, this work was part of ongoing projects focusing on the conservation of the critically imperiled Reticulated Flatwoods Salamander (Ambystoma bishopi), which breeds exclusively in pine flatwoods wetlands, and we examined the results as they relate to potential prey items for larval flatwoods salamanders. Overall, our results suggest that the vegetation changes associated with a lack of growing-season fires can impact both invertebrate communities and leaf litter breakdown.
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Deidda, Irene, Roberta Russo, Rosa Bonaventura, Caterina Costa, Francesca Zito, and Nadia Lampiasi. "Neurotoxicity in Marine Invertebrates: An Update." Biology 10, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10020161.
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Invertebrates represent about 95% of existing species, and most of them belong to aquatic ecosystems. Marine invertebrates are found at intermediate levels of the food chain and, therefore, they play a central role in the biodiversity of ecosystems. Furthermore, these organisms have a short life cycle, easy laboratory manipulation, and high sensitivity to marine pollution and, therefore, they are considered to be optimal bioindicators for assessing detrimental chemical agents that are related to the marine environment and with potential toxicity to human health, including neurotoxicity. In general, albeit simple, the nervous system of marine invertebrates is composed of neuronal and glial cells, and it exhibits biochemical and functional similarities with the vertebrate nervous system, including humans. In recent decades, new genetic and transcriptomic technologies have made the identification of many neural genes and transcription factors homologous to those in humans possible. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and altered levels of neurotransmitters are some of the aspects of neurotoxic effects that can also occur in marine invertebrate organisms. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of major marine pollutants, such as heavy metals, pesticides, and micro and nano-plastics, with a focus on their neurotoxic effects in marine invertebrate organisms. This review could be a stimulus to bio-research towards the use of invertebrate model systems other than traditional, ethically questionable, time-consuming, and highly expensive mammalian models.
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Schiemer, F. "Bioenergetic niche differentiation of aquatic invertebrates." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 22, no. 5 (June 1985): 3014–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1983.11897823.
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Hinde, Rosalind. "Symbioses between aquatic invertebrates and algae." International Journal for Parasitology 17, no. 2 (February 1987): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(87)90113-5.
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Owens, L., and E. M. Burreson. "Workshop 4G: Parasites of aquatic invertebrates." International Journal for Parasitology 17, no. 5 (July 1987): 1031–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(87)90229-3.
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Cooper, J. W. "Aquatic invertebrates important for waterfowl production." Biological Conservation 59, no. 2-3 (1992): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(92)90638-4.
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Chapman, Lauren J., William C. Mackay, and Craig W. Wilkinson. "Feeding Flexibility in Northern Pike (Esox lucius): Fish versus Invertebrate Prey." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 666–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-085.
Full textAbstract:
We describe the frequency of occurrence of fish and invertebrates in the stomach contents of northern pike (Esox lucius) from eight populations in Alberta and the Northwest Territories. Lakes were sampled one to eight times between 1979 and 1985, and a total of 899 pike were examined (mean standard length = 44 ± 8 cm, SD). Although northern pike are widely considered to be top aquatic piscivores, we found that the frequency of occurrence of invertebrates was high, at least on a seasonal basis, in some systems. In all of the lakes considered, the frequency of occurrence of fish (expressed as a percentage of non-empty stomachs) was 88% or greater in one or more of the sample periods. However, diets where the frequency of occurrence of invertebrates was greater than 90% occurred in three of the populations in one or more of the sample periods. The frequency of occurrence of invertebrates was negatively correlated with the percentage of empty stomachs, while the frequency of occurrence of fish was positively related to the percentage of empty stomachs. Invertebrate feeding was not limited exclusively to smaller pike; invertebrates were found in the stomachs of pike 24 to 60 cm long (standard length).
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Bradbury, Ian R., and Paul V. R. Snelgrove. "Contrasting larval transport in demersal fish and benthic invertebrates: the roles of behaviour and advective processes in determining spatial pattern." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-031.
Full textAbstract:
Many benthic invertebrates and demersal fish have planktonic larvae and must therefore balance dispersal to new habitat with the need to settle where survival and growth are possible. We review published studies to determine whether the discontinuity in the literature between these groups represents a real ecological difference. Specifically, we examine the roles of biological and physical processes and the scales at which these processes act in pattern formation in fish and invertebrates. For most of the physical mechanisms that influence larval transport at different scales, we find examples of fish and invertebrate studies that are important at each scale. A comparison of planktonic durations suggests that more invertebrate species have highly limited dispersal potential. Comparison of dispersal potential and geographic range suggests that planktonic duration may play a role in defining the geographic range of species in both cases. Fish larvae were generally faster swimmers than invertebrate larvae, suggesting that swimming may contribute to pattern formation at larger spatial scales. In contrast, the documented capacity to delay metamorphosis is more prevalent in invertebrates and may be related to the greater mobility of adult fish relative to invertebrates. Ultimately, similar processes operate in both groups, although sometimes at different scales.