Journal articles on the topic 'Aquatic habitats'
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Monira Akter Ame, Lima Khatun, Sonia Khatun, Shamima Afroj Sumona, and AHM Mahbubur Rahman. "Investigation of aquatic vascular flora at Sadullapur Upazila of Gaibandha District, Bangladesh." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 21, no. 1 (October 30, 2022): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.21.1.0395.
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The present article focused on aquatic vascular plants diversity and their conservation status in natural and manmade wetlands habitats of Sadullapur Gaibandha. The study was conducted in between May 2019 to June 2020. A total of 52 aquatic plant species was recorded from Sadullapur Gaibandha in the present study. These are assigned to 35 genera under 30 families. For each species scientific name, local name, family, division, habit, habitat, use and status are provided. Ecological habitats analysis of aquatics shows variations. Among them, 37% species prefers to grow near the edge of water, 13% submerged, 11% as emergent, 11% as free floating and 28% as rooted floating in the aquatic habitat. In case of submerged species, they produce flowers on surface of the water. After pollination fruits remain under water up to maturation. Among them, 49% species used as fodder, 22% as medicinal, 4% as aquarium purpose, 9% as vegetable, 6% as edible, 10% as fish food in the study area. The population number of different aquatic plant species in habitats is not uniform. Overall analysis showed that 46% aquatic plant species in the study area found to be rare, 44% species found common and 10% species found as abundant. This status of aquatic plant species is very preliminary. Based on field observations and discussion with local people we are able to identify a good number of rare aquatic plants and also pointed some conservation measures for them in future. The investigation recorded a number of rare aquatic plant species from the study area. These are Trapa bispinosa (Singara), Nelumbo nucifera (Paddo), Nymphaea pubescens (Sada shapla), Oenanthe javanica (Panidhone), Nymphaea rubra (Lal shapla), Ottelia alismoides (Panikola), Enhydra fluctuans (Titidata) and Centrostachys aquatica (Thuash). Populations of such species in the wild are very rare because of local demand for the use. These species need to be cared for conservation.
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Smith, Dwight G., and Irving Leskowitz. "Classifying Aquatic Habitats." American Biology Teacher 49, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4448467.
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Mackay, Rosemary J. "Temporary Aquatic Habitats." Journal of the North American Benthological Society 15, no. 4 (December 1996): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jnortamerbentsoc.15.4.1467794.
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Danks, H. V. "How aquatic insects live in cold climates." Canadian Entomologist 139, no. 4 (August 2007): 443–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n06-100.
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AbstractIn cold climates most aquatic habitats are frozen for many months. Nevertheless, even in such regions the conditions in different types of habitat, in different parts of one habitat, and from one year to the next can vary considerably; some water bodies even allow winter growth. Winter cold and ice provide challenges for aquatic insects, but so do high spring flows, short, cool summers, and unpredictable conditions. General adaptations to cope with these constraints, depending on species and habitat, include the use of widely available foods, increased food range, prolonged development (including development lasting more than one year per generation), programmed life cycles with diapause and other responses to environmental cues (often enforcing strict univoltinism), and staggered development. Winter conditions may be anticipated not only by diapause and related responses but also by movement for the winter to terrestrial habitats, to less severe aquatic habitats, or to different parts of the same habitat, and by construction of shelters. Winter itself is met by various types of cold hardiness, including tolerance of freezing in at least some species, especially chironomid midges, and supercooling even when surrounded by ice in others. Special cocoons provide protection in some species. A few species move during winter or resist anoxia beneath ice. Spring challenges of high flows and ice scour may be withstood or avoided by wintering in less severe habitats, penetrating the substrate, or delaying activity until after peak flow. However, where possible species emerge early in the spring to compensate for the shortness of the summer season, a trait enhanced (at least in some lentic habitats) by choosing overwintering sites that warm up first in spring. Relatively low summer temperatures are offset by development at low temperatures, by selection of warm habitats and microhabitats, and in adults by thermoregulation and modified mating activity. Notwithstanding the many abiotic constraints in cold climates, aquatic communities are relatively diverse, though dominated by taxa that combine traits such as cold adaptation with use of the habitats and foods that are most widely available and most favourable. Consequently, except in the most severe habitats, food chains and community structure are complex even at high latitudes and elevations, including many links between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Despite the complex involvement of aquatic insects in these cold-climate ecosystems, we know relatively little about the physiological and biochemical basis of their cold hardiness and its relationship to habitat conditions, especially compared with information about terrestrial species from the same regions.
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MacCracken, James G., Victor Van Ballenberghe, and James M. Peek. "Use of aquatic plants by moose: sodium hunger or foraging efficiency?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 12 (December 1, 1993): 2345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-329.
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Use of submergent aquatic plants by North American moose (Alces alces) has been linked to sodium hunger. Habitat preferences, seasonal diets, forage abundance and quality, and population surveys indicated that emergent plants in small shallow ponds were important to moose on the Copper River Delta, Alaska. However, sodium was abundant in terrestrial browse. We propose that foraging in aquatic habitats, particularly on emergent species, may be highly efficient based on the following habitat attributes and behavioral observations: (i) ponds dominated by either emergent or submergent species produced about 4 times more forage than terrestrial habitats, (ii) emergent and submergent plants were more digestible and had higher concentrations of minerals than browse, (iii) use of aquatic habitats followed trends in forage production over the growing season, (iv) indirect evidence suggested that forage intake rates were greater in aquatic habitats, and (v) use of aquatic habitats by male and female moose was in proportion to the sex structure of the population. These data provide consistent circumstantial evidence that use of emergent species, and possibly submergents, may maximize the intake of nutrients and also reduce conflicts between cropping forage and vigilance during a foraging bout.
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Muliani, Muliani, Asriyana Asriyana, and Muhammad Ramli. "Preferensi Habitat Ikan Gabus [Channa striata (Bloch 1793)] di Perairan Rawa Aopa, Sulawesi Tenggara." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 26, no. 4 (October 27, 2021): 546–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.26.4.546.
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The use of habitat by fish is closely related to efforts to find the best conditions for the survival of these fish. This study aims to analyze the habitat preferences of Striped snakehead in Rawa Aopa waters, Southeast Sulawesi. This research was conducted from November 2018 to February 2019 in the waters of Swamp Aopa Southeast Sulawesi. Fish collection using traps. The constancy and fidelity index determined the preference of striped snakehead for habitat type. A total of 1024 striped snakehead fish were caught during the study with a length range of 200,0-420,0 mm and 69,0-596,0 g weight. Striped snakehead measuring 200-367 mm were consistent in occupying habitats with a slightly dense to dense water plant density, while sizes 368-388 and 389-430 mm were consistent in habitats with sparse water plant density. The preference level of striped snakehead fish size 389-430 mm to habitats with rare aquatic plants is very high (Fij = 6). Therefore, the size can be used as an indicator of habitats with the rare aquatic plant category. The preference for 200-367 mm striped snakehead fish in dense aquatic plant habitats indicates that these habitats are foraging, growing, and protective zones.
Keywords: Channa striata, fish habitat, Rawa Aopa, Southeast Sulawesi, stripe snakehead
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Picard, Gabriel, Gabriel Blouin-Demers, and Marie-Andrée Carrière. "Common Musk Turtles (Sternotherus odoratus) select habitats of high thermal quality at the northern extreme of their range." Amphibia-Reptilia 32, no. 1 (2011): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/017353710x541913.
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AbstractIn ectotherms, variation in body temperature (Tb) affects physiological performance and, ultimately, fitness. Therefore, reptiles regulate Tb behaviourally by choosing habitats of optimal temperature. The main goal of this study was to determine the link between patterns of thermoregulation and habitat selection in Common Musk Turtles inhabiting a thermally challenging region. We expected habitat selection to be based on the fulfillment of thermoregulatory requirements, which can be accomplished by selecting thermally superior habitats. From early May to late August 2007, we tracked 22 Common Musk Turtles with temperature-sensitive radio-transmitters and collected daily Tb profiles with automated radio-telemetry data loggers. In addition, temperature data loggers were placed in the study area to measure the range of environmental operative temperatures (Te) available to musk turtles. The habitats with the highest thermal quality were aquatic habitats with surface cover (i.e., lily pads, macrophytes, etc.) followed by shallow water. As expected, musk turtles used habitats non-randomly and had a strong preference for thermally superior habitats. This is consistent with the typical aquatic basking behaviour observed in musk turtles, suggesting that there is a strong link between thermal quality of habitats and habitat selection, even in this almost entirely aquatic turtle.
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Crews, Sarah C., Erika L. Garcia, Joseph C. Spagna, Matthew H. Van Dam, and Lauren A. Esposito. "The life aquatic with spiders (Araneae): repeated evolution of aquatic habitat association in Dictynidae and allied taxa." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189, no. 3 (December 17, 2019): 862–920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz139.
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Abstract Despite the dominance of terrestriality in spiders, species across a diverse array of families are associated with aquatic habitats. Many species in the spider family Dictynidae are associated with water, either living near it or, in the case of Argyroneta aquatica, in it. Previous studies have indicated that this association arose once within the family. Here we test the hypothesis of a single origin via the broadest phylogeny of dictynids and related ‘marronoids’ to date, using several taxa that were not previously sampled in molecular analyses to provide the first quantitative test of the hypothesis put forth by Wheeler et al. (2016). We sampled 281 terminal taxa from 14 families, assembling a matrix with 4380 total base pairs of data from most taxa. We also assembled an atlas of morphological traits with potential significance for both ecology and taxonomy. Our resulting trees indicate that an aquatic habitat association has arisen multiple times within dictynids. Dictynidae and the genus Dictyna are polyphyletic and the genera Lathys and Cicurina remain unplaced. A review of aquatic habitat associations in spiders indicates that it occurs in members of at least 21 families. With our morphological atlas, we explore characters that have been implicated in aiding an aquatic lifestyle, which in the past may have caused confusion regarding taxon placement. Our results indicate that not all spiders with traits thought to be useful for aquatic habitat associations occupy such habitats, and that some spider taxa lacking these traits are nonetheless associated with water.
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Alho, CJR, G. Camargo, and E. Fischer. "Terrestrial and aquatic mammals of the Pantanal." Brazilian Journal of Biology 71, no. 1 suppl 1 (April 2011): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842011000200009.
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Different works have registered the number of mammal species within the natural habitats of the Pantanal based on currently known records, with species richness ranging from 89 to 152 of annotated occurrences. Our present list sums 174 species. However, at least three factors have to be emphasised to deal with recorded numbers: 1) to establish the ecotone limit between the floodplain (which is the Pantanal) and its neighbouring domain like the Cerrado, besides the existence of maps recently produced; 2) the lack of intensive surveys, especially on small mammals, rodents and marsupials; and 3) the constant taxonomic revision on bats, rodents and marsupials. Some species are very abundant - for example the capybara Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris and the crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous, and some are rare, and others are still intrinsically rare - for example, the bush dog Speothos venaticus. Abundance of species is assumed to reflect ecological resources of the habitat. Local diversity and number of individuals of wild rodents and marsupials also rely on the offering of ecological resources and behavioural specialisation to microhabitat components. A large number of species interact with the type of the vegetation of the habitat, by means of habitat selection through active patterns of ecological behaviour, resulting on dependency on arboreal and forested habitats of the Pantanal. In addition, mammals respond to seasonal shrinking-and-expansion of habitats due to flooding regime of the Pantanal. The highest number of species is observed during the dry season, when there is a considerable expansion of terrestrial habitats, mainly seasonally flooded grassland. Major threats to mammal species are the loss and alteration of habitats due to human intervention, mainly deforestation, unsustainable agricultural and cattle-ranching practices, which convert the natural vegetation into pastures. The Pantanal still harbours about a dozen of species officially listened as in danger.
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Arvisais, Martin, Esther Lévesque, Jean-Claude Bourgeois, Claude Daigle, Denis Masse, and Jacques Jutras. "Habitat selection by the wood turtle (Clemmys insculpta) at the northern limit of its range." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-012.
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We characterized the chronology of habitat use by the wood turtle, Clemmys insculpta (LeC., 1829), in the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada. We also determined if this species used habitats according to availability within a home range and identified habitat features influencing habitat selection. Habitats were characterized for 20 wood turtles followed weekly by telemetry during the active season of 1997. Turtles used a great diversity of terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Alder (Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng.) stands were the most used terrestrial habitats throughout the active season. Habitat use varied according to activity period. Indeed, wood turtles used aquatic habitats and alder stands during prenesting and prehibernation activity periods, whereas all habitat types were used during nesting and postnesting activity periods. Wood turtles did not use habitats randomly within their home ranges, suggesting that they selected them. Wood turtles seemed to select mixed forest stands that were relatively young (16 years), short (14 m), had low arborescent cover (25%), moderate cover of the upper shrub layer (35%), and low total canopy closure (0%50%). This knowledge will be helpful in the establishment of future conservation measures.
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Dumnicka, Elzbieta, Tanja Pipan, and David Culver. "Habitats and Diversity of Subterranean Macroscopic Freshwater Invertebrates: Main Gaps and Future Trends." Water 12, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 2170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082170.
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Caves are the best studied aquatic subterranean habitat, but there is a wide variety of these habitats, ranging in depth below the surface and size of the spaces (pore or habitat size). Both factors are important in setting limits to species composition and richness. In addition to caves, among the most important shallow aquatic subterranean habitats are the hyporheal (underflow of rivers and streams), the hypotelminorheal (very superficial drainages with water exiting in seeps), epikarst, and calcrete aquifers. Although it is little studied, both body size and species composition in the different habitats is different. Because of high levels of endemism and difficulty in access, no subterranean habitats are well sampled, even caves. However, there are enough data for robust generalizations about some geographic patterns. Individual hotspot caves are concentrated in the Dinaric region of southern Europe, and overall, tropical regions have fewer obligate aquatic cave dwellers (stygobionts). In all subterranean aquatic habitats, regional diversity is much higher than local diversity, but local diversity (especially single cave diversity) may be a useful predictor of regional species richness. In Europe there is a ridge of high aquatic subterranean species richness basically extending east from the French–Spanish border. Its cause may be either high productivity or that long-term temperature oscillations are at a minimum. With increased collecting and analysis, global and continental trends should become clearer.
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Lu, Yong-Zhong, Saranyaphat Boonmee, Jian-Kui Liu, Kevin D. Hyde, D. Jayarama Bhat, Prapassorn Damrongkool Eungwanichayapant, and Ji-Chuan Kang. "NovelNeoacanthostigmaSpecies from Aquatic Habitats." Cryptogamie, Mycologie 38, no. 2 (June 2017): 169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7872/crym/v38.iss2.2017.169.
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Mathias, Mildred E., and Peter Moyle. "Wetland and aquatic habitats." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 42, no. 1-2 (October 1992): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(92)90025-7.
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Masteller, E. C. "Endangered aquatic habitats: Introduction." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 3, no. 4 (December 1993): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3270030402.
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Roughley, R. E., and D. J. Larson. "AQUATIC COLEOPTERA OF SPRINGS IN CANADA." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 123, S155 (1991): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm123155125-1.
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AbstractThe habitat preferences of each of the 663 species of aquatic Coleoptera known from Canada and Alaska were categorized as lentic, lotic, spring-inhabiting, other, or unknown. Most species were assigned to a single habitat type although some occur in more than one habitat. The distribution of species among these habitat types is as follows: lentic, 61%; lotic, 23%; springs, 8%; other, <1%, unknown, 8%. The 63 spring-inhabiting species are distributed among the families Dytiscidae (38 species), Hydrophilidae (nine), Hydraenidae (eight), Chrysomelidae (subfamily Donaciinae) (six), Haliplidae (one), and Dryopidae (one). The diversity of these families in springs only approximately parallels their diversity in the total fauna. Several relatively diverse families (Gyrinidae, Scirtidae, and Curculionidae) are absent from springs as are some predominantly lotic families (Amphizoidae, Elmidae, and Psephenidae). About half the spring species are western (occurring in Manitoba and west), about a quarter are eastern, and a quarter are transcontinental. Most of these spring species are known from the conterminous United States and it is suggested that spring habitats within Canada are being colonized slowly from southern refugia.The habitat affinities of spring-inhabiting Dytiscidae are examined in detail. Of the 260 species occurring in Canada, 38 species occur in springs and represent about 60% of all beetle species in Canadian springs. The spring fauna of dytiscids comprises four elements: nine (24%) inhabit springs only, 11 (29%) are lotic species that also occur in springs, 12 (31%) are species that use a broad range of habitats, and six (16%) are species known otherwise only from lentic habitats. The dytiscid fauna of springs is a heterogeneous assemblage derived from many separate phylogenetic elements.
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Phommavongsa, Sakkouna, Anh Nguyen Phan Hoang, and Manh Vu Quang. "Study on the natural habitats of the giant water bug Lethocerus indicus (Lepeletier et Seville, 1775) (Hemiptera : Belostomatidae) contributing to sustainable management of this rare water insect named in the Red Data Book of Vietnam." Journal of Science Natural Science 66, no. 4F (November 2021): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2021-0075.
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The study was focused on the natural habitats and distribution of the giant water bug Lethocerus indicus in Lao PDR, with the aims to conserve and breed this rare water insect. The following conclusions were given: Adult giant water bugs were distributed in 5 main natural habitat types, including SC1. Habitat with flowing water such as rivers, streams and canals; SC2. Habitat type with standing or less flowing water such as ponds, lakes and lagoons; SC3. Habitat types such as water rice fields or aquatic plants; SC4. Habitat of standing water or puddles on the edge or inside the rice field; and SC5; and other Habitats include terrestrial, drifting with water, hiding in earthen caves near aquatic habitats. The number of adult giant water bugs decreased in the order of natural habitats studied, as follows SC3 >SC4 >SC2 >SC5 >SC1. The weter rice fields were the most suitable habitat for adult giant water bug. Research results showed that, there are similarities in the distribution of adult male and female in the studied natural habitats. The ratio of adult male to female giant water bug found in the above five studied natural habitats was 1.0 versus 2.3, respectively.
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Bu, Rongping, Zihao Ye, and Haitao Shi. "Hibernation in Reeves’ Turtles (Mauremys reevesii) in Qichun County, Hubei Province, China: Hibernation Beginning and End and Habitat Selection." Animals 12, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 2411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12182411.
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Hibernation protects turtles from extreme winter conditions. Reeves’ turtle (Mauremys reevesii) is a medium-sized aquatic turtle that lives in freshwater habitats in lowland areas with still or slowly moving water. Currently, little is known regarding its overwintering behavior. In the current study, 20 Reeves’ turtles from the wild were investigated using radiotelemetry in the field to determine the beginning and end dates of, and habitat selected for, hibernation. Hibernation began in late October 2021 and arousal began in March 2022. Reeves’ turtles do not appear to be limited in their selection of suitable hibernation habitats, which included fish ponds, abandoned ponds (ponds not being used for farming), marshes, and abandoned fields (fields not being used for farming). In the aquatic hibernation habitats, only herbage cover was significantly different between the selected and random habitats (t = 2.525, df = 9, p = 0.033). In the terrestrial hibernation habitats, there were significant differences in the canopy (Z = −2.201, p = 0.028), slope gradient (Z = −2.032, p = 0.042), herbage cover (Z = −2.379, p = 0.017), and distance from the habitat edge (Z = −2.524, p = 0.012) between the selected and random habitats. This indicates that Reeves’ turtles prefer to hibernate at the soft edges of flat habitats with low canopy and high herbage cover when hibernating in terrestrial habitats and prefer to hibernate at sites with high herbage cover when hibernating in aquatic habitats. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate hibernation in wild Reeves’ turtles in the field, and the results identify key ecological variables correlated with habitat selection during hibernation. This knowledge could inform local conservation measures related to farming activities.
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Irons III, John G., L. Keith Miller, and Mark W. Oswood. "Ecological adaptations of aquatic macroinvertebrates to overwintering in interior Alaska (U.S.A.) subarctic streams." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-015.
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Freshwater invertebrates of northern regions are faced annually with freezing of shallow habitats. Several responses to habitat freezing are possible, including migration to favorable habitats and physiological adaptations such as freeze-avoidance or freeze-tolerance. We thawed sections of frozen stream gravel and identified the live and dead invertebrates present. Chironomidae and Empididae (Diptera) constituted >90% of individuals found in frozen habitats: Empididae showed substantial survival in frozen habitats. We also tested the ability of Alaskan stream invertebrates to survive in habitats that freeze. In a series of laboratory experiments we showed that most taxa found in Alaskan streams do not have the ability to survive even moderately subzero temperatures (e.g., −1.0 °C). When faced with an advancing freezing front, these taxa actively moved away. We suggest that most aquatic invertebrate taxa survive winter by either migrating away from a freezing front or remaining in habitats that do not freeze. Chironomidae and Empididae, however, can overwinter in frozen habitat, and Empididae show high survival upon thawing of frozen stream gravels. Predicted changes in temperature and precipitation patterns at these latitudes due to global climate warming may have effects on the availability of overwintering habitat for stream invertebrates that result in changes in the structure and function of high-latitude stream ecosystems.
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Singh, Sangeeta. "Insights in Medicinal Value of Aquatic Plants Eichhornia Crassipes, Ipomoea Aquatica, and Hydrilla Verticillata: Potential Therapeutics in Drug Design and Discovery." African Journal of Biological Sciences 6, Si4 (July 5, 2024): 2097–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.48047/afjbs.6.si4.2024.2097-2106.
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Plants play a pivotal role in human medicine, offering a vast array of bioactive compounds with therapeutic properties. As the main producers in most water habitats, aquatic plants are crucial. Though the aquatic habitat is rich in plant species, little research has been done on their medicinal potential. Some studies studied aquatic flora's ethno-medicinal, economic, and edible functions. Aquatic plants contain unique biological properties that could be used in agriculture, ornamentation, nutraceuticals, horticulture, and medicine. Aquatic plants, such as Eichhornia crassipes, Ipomoea aquatica, and Hydrilla verticillata, possess valuable effects like antimicrobial, antitumor, and antioxidant effects. Despite their potential, aquatic plants have often been undervalued, and more work required to fully explore their medicinal properties in various regions. In this review aquatic plants from India which is calmed to cure various diseases in Indian system of medicine. Moreover, the present review highlights the therapeutic potential of above three aquatic plants, urging researchers to evaluate their medicinal effectiveness and consider their applicability in medical fields.
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McCauley, Shannon J., and Locke Rowe. "Notonecta exhibit threat-sensitive, predator-induced dispersal." Biology Letters 6, no. 4 (February 17, 2010): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.1082.
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Dispersal is a central process determining community structure in heterogeneous landscapes, and species interactions within habitats may be a major determinant of dispersal. Although the effects of species interactions on dispersal within habitats have been well studied, how species interactions affect the movement of individuals between habitats in a landscape has received less attention. We conducted two experiments to assess the extent to which predation risk affects dispersal from an aquatic habitat by a flight-capable semi-aquatic insect ( Notonecta undulata ). Exposure to non-lethal (caged) fish fed conspecifics increased dispersal rates in N. undulata . Moreover, dispersal rate was positively correlated with the level of risk imposed by the fish; the greater the number of notonectids consumed by the caged fish, the greater the dispersal rate from the habitat. These results suggest that risk within a habitat can affect dispersal among habitats in a landscape and thus affect community structure on a much greater scale than the direct effect of predation itself.
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Ilie, Daniela, and Horea Olosutean. "Aquatic and Semiaquatic Heteroptera (Nepomorpha) from the Strei River Basin." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 20, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2018-0012.
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Abstract During a field campaign in the Strei River basin in August 2014, seven suitable habitats for aquatic and semi-aquatic true bugs were identified from the confluence of the Strei River with the Bărbat River down to the confluence with the Mureș River. Forty-eight individuals belonging to 15 species and nine families of aquatic and semi-aquatic true bugs were sampled. We mention two species considered rare in Romanian fauna: Hebrus montanus and Microvelia pygmaea. The statistic-mathematical analysis showed the similarity of the true bugs’ communities from habitats with similar conditions, as well as the relation of each species with particular habitat conditions, emphasizing the fact that Gerris lacustris is present in the majority of the investigated habitats, while the rest of the species are conditioned mostly by the ratio between the areas with open water and those covered by aquatic vegetation.
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Onchuru, Thomas Ogao, Yvonne Ukamaka Ajamma, Marion Burugu, Martin Kaltenpoth, Daniel Masiga, and Jandouwe Villinger. "Chemical parameters and bacterial communities associated with larval habitats of Anopheles, Culex and Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in western Kenya." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 36, no. 03 (June 6, 2016): 146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758416000096.
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AbstractAquatic larval habitat conditions influence the development, fitness and vectorial capacity of mosquitoes. In turn, human activities can influence these conditions and shape mosquito vector distribution, thus affecting pathogen circulation and transmission. We measured environmental factors (chemical and microbial) in mosquito larval habitats and evaluated their potential as predictors for the occurrence of different mosquito species in an arbovirus and malaria endemic region of western Kenya. We found significantly greater proportions ofAedes aegyptimosquito larvae in ammonium and phosphate rich habitats, suggesting that fertilizer usage could potentially increase aquatic habitat suitability andAedesvectored disease transmission.Anopheles gambiaelarval habitats correlated significantly with higher temperatures. However, none of theCulexspecies’ habitats correlated with investigated variables, indicating greater larval plasticity compared toAedesorAnopheles. Profiling of bacterial communities by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing revealed Proteobacteria, Bacterioidetes and Firmicutes as the major bacteria phyla present in mosquito aquatic microhabitats. Although there were no correlations between microbiota composition or diversity and larval species abundance, the dominant genera of microbes detected in larval habitats were reported in larval and adult mid-guts, suggesting that bacteria acquired from the larval habitats are transmitted to adult stages. This study identified the chemical and bacterial composition of aquatic microhabitats that are conducive to the development of different mosquito vectors in western Kenya. This information can inform potential vector control strategies by assessing management of breeding sites based on likely exposure to fertilizer, light and bacterial fauna.
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Armenteros, Maickel, José Andrés Pérez-García, Diana Marzo-Pérez, and Patricia Rodríguez-García. "The Influential Role of the Habitat on the Diversity Patterns of Free-Living Aquatic Nematode Assemblages in the Cuban Archipelago." Diversity 11, no. 9 (September 16, 2019): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11090166.
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Free living nematodes are the most abundant and diverse metazoans in aquatic sediments. We used a framework of habitat types to reveal quantitative patterns in species richness (SR), β-diversity, and biological traits (BT). Meiofauna was quantitatively collected from 60 sites within nine habitat types and 24,736 nematodes were identified to species level. We reported a regional richness of 410 ± 12 species for the Cuban archipelago; however, caves and deep waters need to be sampled more intensively. Relationships between SR and abundance supported the dynamic equilibrium model with habitats ordered across gradients of resource availability and physical disturbance. Seagrass meadows were the most specious and freshwater/anchihaline caves the least diverse habitats. Differences in β-diversity likely were due to habitat heterogeneity and limitations for dispersal. The assemblage composition was unique in some habitats likely reflecting the effects of habitat filtering. However, coastal habitats shared many species reflecting high connectivity and dispersal capability of nematodes due to hydrodynamics. The BTs “life strategy”, “trophic group”, and “tail shape” reflected ecological adaptations; but “amphidial fovea” and “cuticle”, likely reflected phylogenetic signatures from families/genera living in different habitats. Habitat type played an influential role in the diversity patterns of aquatic nematodes from taxonomic and functional points of view.
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Karunarathna, Suranjan, Thilina Surasinghe, Majintha Madawala, Ruchira Somaweera, and A. A. Thasun Amarasinghe. "Ecological and behavioural traits of the Sri Lankan water monitor (Varanus salvator) in an urban landscape of Western Province, Sri Lanka." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 12 (2017): 2242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17038.
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The Asian water monitor Varanus salvator is one of the largest species of lizard in the world and is widespread on the island of Sri Lanka. In the present study, we conducted a 7-month survey within a 5-km stretch in the urbanised Attanagalu-Oya river area to study habitat associations, mesohabitat use and behaviour of V. salvator in urban landscapes. The greatest number of monitor sightings was made in aquatic habitats, followed by terrestrial and arboreal habitats within the riparian zone. Sightings of different life history stages of V. salvator across major habitat types varied significantly. The adults and subadults associated mostly with aquatic and terrestrial habitats, whereas hatchlings and juveniles associated mostly with aquatic and arboreal habitats. Given variable sighting frequencies of distinct life history stages across different major habitat types, it is likely that there is substantial age-structured niche partitioning in V. salvator. The urban population of V. salvator studied seemed to be fairly abundant, and resilient to anthropogenic stressors and adversity of urbanisation. In species-depauperate urban environments, ecosystem functions provisioned by V. salvator as generalist predators as well as scavengers are arguably significant and deserve further investigation. No direct anthropogenic threats were observed during the study.
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Lansac-Tôha, FA, LFM Velho, DM Costa, NR Simões, and GM Alves. "Structure of the testate amoebae community in different habitats in a neotropical floodplain." Brazilian Journal of Biology 74, no. 1 (February 2014): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.24912.
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This study evaluated the differences in composition, abundance and morphology of testate amoebae among different habitats of the same aquatic environment (plankton, aquatic macrophyte and sediment) in the Upper Paraná River floodplain. Triplicate samplings were undertaken monthly at each habitat from April 2007 to March 2008. The structure of the community of testate amoebae was different among the habitats. The species typical for each habitat, according to Indval, were classified by their shell morphology. Arcella species together with Difflugia gramen and Difflugia pseudogramem were more abundant for plankton. Trinema and Phryganellastood out by their abundance and frequency in aquatic macrophytes. Centropyxis was an indicator of sediment. The results indicated a higher frequency of hemispherical and spherical shells in plankton and spherical and elongated shells in aquatic macrophytes. In the sediment, there was a high frequency of elongated species. Our results support the hypothesis that the community of testate amoebae has different structures among the habitats, refuting the idea that the organization of this community in plankton is guided by random events like the resuspension of organisms from the sediment and their displacement from marginal vegetation.
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Plăiaşu, Rodica, Raluca Băncilă, Ciprian Samoilă, and Dan Cogălniceanu. "Factors influencing the breeding habitat use by amphibians in the alpine area of the Retezat National Park (Romania)." Travaux du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" 53, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10191-010-0032-5.
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Factors influencing the breeding habitat use by amphibians in the alpine area of the Retezat National Park (Romania) We analyzed the distribution of amphibians according to the characteristics of breeding ponds in the alpine areas of the Retezat National Park. We inventoried 50 aquatic habitats between 1920 and 2260 m a.s.l. Three amphibian species are present at high altitudes: Rana temporaria, Bufo bufo and Mesotriton alpestris. They were found in 70% of the aquatic habitats, but only 48% were used as spawning sites. Human impacts and predators were the most influential variables explaining the occurrence of R. temporaria, whereas location and pond adjacent terrain were important for M. alpestris. Moderate grazing had a positive effect by maintaining low vegetation or providing nutrients input in the oligotrophic aquatic habitats.
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Shearer, Carol A., Enrique Descals, Brigitte Kohlmeyer, Jan Kohlmeyer, Ludmila Marvanová, David Padgett, David Porter, et al. "Fungal biodiversity in aquatic habitats." Biodiversity and Conservation 16, no. 1 (October 27, 2006): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-9120-z.
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Lee, Danny C., James R. Sedell, Bruce E. Rieman, Russell F. Thurow, and Jack E. Williams. "ICBEMP: Aquatic Species and Habitats." Journal of Forestry 96, no. 10 (October 1, 1998): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/96.10.16.
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Abstract Continuing human activities threaten the highly prized aquatic resources of the interior Columbia basin. Precipitous declines in native species, particularly Pacific salmon, and a large influx of introduced species have radically altered the composition and distribution of native fishes. Fortunately, areas of relatively high aquatic integrity remain, much of it on federally administered lands. These areas can provide a starting point for protecting and restoring aquatic resources throughout the basin if decisive action is taken.
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Multini, Laura Cristina, Rafael Oliveira-Christe, Antônio Ralph Medeiros-Sousa, Eduardo Evangelista, Karolina Morales Barrio-Nuevo, Luis Filipe Mucci, Walter Ceretti-Junior, Amanda Alves Camargo, André Barretto Bruno Wilke, and Mauro Toledo Marrelli. "The Influence of the pH and Salinity of Water in Breeding Sites on the Occurrence and Community Composition of Immature Mosquitoes in the Green Belt of the City of São Paulo, Brazil." Insects 12, no. 9 (September 5, 2021): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12090797.
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The physicochemical parameters of water, such as pH, salinity, conductivity, and total dissolved solids, can influence mosquito larval development, survival, and abundance. Therefore, it is important to elucidate how these factors influence mosquito occurrence. We hypothesized that the occurrence and community composition of immature mosquito species are driven not only by the availability of suitable aquatic habitats, but also by the physicochemical factors of these habitats. The primary objective of this study was therefore to investigate the influence of the physicochemical parameters of water in different types of aquatic habitats on the occurrence of mosquito species in two remnants of Atlantic Forest in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Collections of immature mosquitoes and assessment of the physicochemical characteristics of the water in the collection sites were carried out for twelve months. The variation in species composition and occurrence with the measured physicochemical parameters and the type of breeding site was assessed using constrained ordination methods. The results indicate that there was a statistically significant difference in species composition as a function of the different types of aquatic habitats, and that pH had an influence on species occurrence even when the variance explained by the type of aquatic habitat was removed from the analysis. There was a statistically significant association between mosquito species occurrence and pH and salinity, and the former had a significant influence on the mosquito species collected regardless of the type of aquatic habitat, showing that the pH of the breeding site water is an important factor in driving mosquito population dynamics and species distribution.
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Longing, Scott D., and Daniel D. Magoulick. "Flight Capacity and Response to Habitat Drying of Endemic Diving Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) in Arkansas (USA)." Hydrobiology 2, no. 2 (May 24, 2023): 354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrobiology2020023.
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The ability to colonize new habitat is essential for wild populations affected by disturbance or other forms of habitat change. For aquatic insects in small streams, overland flight is an important strategy for dispersal when barriers to in-stream migration exist and when populations are isolated in upland habitats. Two Ozark-endemic water beetles (Heterosternuta sulphuria and Heterosternuta phoebeae) have shown little overlap in distributions, with the former frequently occurring in small upland watersheds and the latter occurring in aquatic habitats farther downstream in larger watersheds. Because H. sulphuria has been associated with perennial aquatic habitats, we hypothesized that H. sulphuria individuals could exhibit low capacity for flight, thereby affecting population distributions over time. Laboratory flight observations showed that zero individuals of H. sulphuria flew (n = 67), whereas 17 of 76 individuals of H. phoebeae were observed to fly. Stream habitat drying experiments provided further evidence of the weak capacity for flight and overland migration of H. sulphuria, with low probabilities of survivorship in microhabitats exposed to drying. Weak flight capacity and apparent intolerance to habitat drying have important implications for the evolutionary history and conservation of H. sulphuria in small Ozark streams exposed to variable flow regimes and stream margins vulnerable to disturbances.
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Halstead, Brian J., Patricia Valcarcel, Glenn D. Wylie, Peter S. Coates, Michael L. Casazza, and Daniel K. Rosenberg. "Active Season Microhabitat and Vegetation Selection by Giant Gartersnakes Associated with a Restored Marsh in California." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 7, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/042016-jfwm-029.
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Abstract Studies of habitat selection can reveal important patterns to guide habitat restoration and management for species of conservation concern. Giant gartersnakes Thamnophis gigas are endemic to the Central Valley of California, where >90% of their historical wetland habitat has been converted to agricultural and other uses. Information about the selection of habitats by individual giant gartersnakes would guide habitat restoration by indicating which habitat features and vegetation types are likely to be selected by these rare snakes. We examined activity patterns and selection of microhabitats and vegetation types by adult female giant gartersnakes with radiotelemetry at a site composed of rice agriculture and restored wetlands using a paired case-control study design. Adult female giant gartersnakes were 14.7 (95% credible interval [CRI] = 9.4–23.7) times more likely to be active (foraging, mating, or moving) when located in aquatic habitats than when located in terrestrial habitats. Microhabitats associated with cover—particularly emergent vegetation, terrestrial vegetation, and litter—were positively selected by giant gartersnakes. Individual giant gartersnakes varied greatly in their selection of rice and rock habitats, but varied little in their selection of open water. Tules Schoenoplectus acutus were the most strongly selected vegetation type, and duckweed Lemna spp., water-primrose Ludwigia spp., forbs, and grasses also were positively selected at the levels of availability observed at our study site. Management practices that promote the interface of water with emergent aquatic and herbaceous terrestrial vegetation will likely benefit giant gartersnakes. Given their strong selection of tules, restoration of native tule marshes will likely provide the greatest benefit to these threatened aquatic snakes.
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Guareschi, Simone, Alex Laini, Pierluigi Viaroli, and Rossano Bolpagni. "Integrating habitat- and species-based perspectives for wetland conservation in lowland agricultural landscapes." Biodiversity and Conservation 29, no. 1 (October 17, 2019): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01876-8.
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Abstract Wetlands are among the most endangered ecosystems worldwide with multiple direct and indirect stressors, especially in human-altered areas like intensive agricultural landscapes. Conservation management and efforts often focus on species diversity and charismatic taxa, but scarcely consider habitats. By focusing on a complex formed by 107 permanent wetlands at 18 Natura 2000 sites in the Emilia-Romagna region (northern Italy), the patterns of habitats of conservation concern were investigated and the concordance with threatened species patterns was analysed. Wetlands were characterised in terms of morphology, connectivity, land use and management as drivers of assemblage and richness patterns of habitats. Our results showed a strong concordance between the distribution and richness patterns of both habitats and threatened taxa (birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, fish, invertebrates, and plants). Thus, habitats seem an effective proxy of species patterns. The variables related with perimeter, environmental heterogeneity and presence of water bodies were the most important ones associated with habitat richness patterns. The presence of aquatic systems (measured as the percentage of wetland area occupied by an aquatic surface) and their position in the hydrographic network were associated mostly with habitats distribution. Low richness wetlands (in habitat terms) were not complementary as no new habitat types were supported. The results stressed the relevance of wetlands with wide water body perimeters composed of diverse systems as being key for biodiversity conservation in a simplified agricultural matrix. Integrating habitat- and species-based perspectives seems a promising field and may provide a rapid assessment tool to acquire effective information for wetlands conservation and assessment.
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Siffert, Océane, Jérôme Pellet, Petra Ramseier, Ursina Tobler, Ariel Bergamini, and Benedikt R. Schmidt. "Where Land and Water Meet: Making Amphibian Breeding Sites Attractive for Amphibians." Diversity 14, no. 10 (October 4, 2022): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14100834.
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The protection of wetlands is a cornerstone in the conservation of pond-breeding amphibians. Because protected wetlands are rarely natural areas, but are often man-made, at least in Europe, it is important that they are well managed to fulfill their intended function. Appropriate management requires knowledge of the ecology of the species, particularly habitat requirements. Here, we combine species monitoring data and habitat mapping data in an analysis where our goal was to describe the factors that determine the occupancy of amphibian species in federally protected amphibian breeding sites. As expected, every species had its own habitat requirements, often a combination of both a terrestrial and aquatic habitat (i.e., landscape complementation). In most species, occupancy was strongly positively affected with the amount of aquatic habitat, but predicted occupancy probabilities were low because the amount of aquatic habitat was low in most sites. The area or proportion of ruderal vegetation also had positive effects on multiple species, while other types of terrestrial habitat (e.g., meadows) led to low occupancy probabilities. The total area of the protected breeding sites was never included in a final model and connectivity was important only for one species (Triturus cristatus). The latter finding implies that the quality of the landscape between breeding sizes is more important than distance per se, while the former implies that the area of some specific habitats within breeding sites is crucial for high occupancies. Thus, increasing the amount of aquatic habitats and likewise terrestrial habitats within protected areas would make them more likely to achieve their conservation objectives. Our study is an example of how the joint analysis of monitoring data and habitat data (based on mapping in the field) can lead to evidence-based suggestions on how to improve conservation practice.
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Bokore, Getachew E., Paul Ouma, Patrick O. Onyango, Tullu Bukhari, and Ulrike Fillinger. "A cross-sectional observational study investigating the association between sedges (swamp grasses, Cyperaceae) and the prevalence of immature malaria vectors in aquatic habitats along the shore of Lake Victoria, western Kenya." F1000Research 9 (August 24, 2020): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25673.1.
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Background: Strategies that involve manipulations of the odour-orientation of gravid malaria vectors could lead to novel attract-and-kill interventions. Recent work has highlighted the potential involvement of graminoid plants in luring vectors to oviposition sites. This study aimed to analyse the association between water-indicating graminoid plants (Cyperaceae, sedges), other abiotic and biotic factors and the presence and abundance of early instar Anopheles larvae in aquatic habitats as a proxy indicator for oviposition. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 110 aquatic habitats along the shores of Lake Victoria was done during the rainy season. Habitats were sampled for mosquito larvae using the sweep-net method and habitat characteristics recorded. Results: Anopheles arabiensis was the dominant species identified from aquatic habitats. Larvae of the secondary malaria vectors such as Anopheles coustani, An. rufipes and An. maculipalpis were found only in habitats covered with graminoids, whereas An. arabiensis, An. ziemanni and An. pharoensis were found in both habitats with and without graminoid plants. The hypothesis that sedges might be positively associated with the presence and abundance of early instar Anopheles larvae could not be confirmed. The dominant graminoid plants in the habitats were Panicum repens, Cynodon dactylon in the Poaceae family and Cyperus rotundus in the Cyperaceae family. All of these habitats supported abundant immature vector populations. The presence of early instar larvae was significantly and positively associated with swamp habitat types (OR=22, 95% CI=6-86, P<0.001) and abundance of late Anopheles larvae (OR=359, CI=33-3941, P<0.001), whilst the association was negative with tadpole presence (OR=0.1, CI=0.0.01-0.5, P=0.008). Conclusions: Early instar malaria vectors were abundant in habitats densely vegetated with graminoid plants in the study area but specific preference for any of the graminoids could not be detected. In search for oviposition cues, it might be useful to screen for chemical volatiles released from all dominant plant species.
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Bokore, Getachew E., Paul Ouma, Patrick O. Onyango, Tullu Bukhari, and Ulrike Fillinger. "A cross-sectional observational study investigating the association between sedges (swamp grasses, Cyperaceae) and the prevalence of immature malaria vectors in aquatic habitats along the shore of Lake Victoria, western Kenya." F1000Research 9 (October 1, 2020): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25673.2.
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Background: Strategies that involve manipulations of the odour-orientation of gravid malaria vectors could lead to novel attract-and-kill interventions. Recent work has highlighted the potential involvement of graminoid plants in luring vectors to oviposition sites. This study aimed to analyse the association between water-indicating graminoid plants (Cyperaceae, sedges), other abiotic and biotic factors and the presence and abundance of early instar Anopheles larvae in aquatic habitats as a proxy indicator for oviposition. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 110 aquatic habitats along the shores of Lake Victoria was done during the rainy season. Habitats were sampled for mosquito larvae using the sweep-net method and habitat characteristics recorded. Results: Anopheles arabiensis was the dominant species identified from aquatic habitats. Larvae of the secondary malaria vectors such as Anopheles coustani, An. rufipes and An. maculipalpis were found only in habitats covered with graminoids, whereas An. arabiensis, An. ziemanni and An. pharoensis were found in both habitats with and without graminoid plants. The hypothesis that sedges might be positively associated with the presence and abundance of early instar Anopheles larvae could not be confirmed. The dominant graminoid plants in the habitats were Panicum repens, Cynodon dactylon in the Poaceae family and Cyperus rotundus in the Cyperaceae family. All of these habitats supported abundant immature vector populations. The presence of early instar larvae was significantly and positively associated with swamp habitat types (OR=22, 95% CI=6-86, P<0.001) and abundance of late Anopheles larvae (OR=359, CI=33-3941, P<0.001), and negatively associated with the presence of tadpoles (OR=0.1, CI=0.0.01-0.5, P=0.008). Conclusions: Early instar malaria vectors were abundant in habitats densely vegetated with graminoid plants in the study area but no specific preference could be detected for any species or family. In search for oviposition cues, it might be useful to screen for chemical volatiles released from all dominant plant species.
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Osuka, Kennedy, Marc Kochzius, Ann Vanreusel, David Obura, and Melita Samoilys. "Linkage between fish functional groups and coral reef benthic habitat composition in the Western Indian Ocean." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 2 (October 10, 2016): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416001399.
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Benthic habitat composition is a key factor that structures assemblages of coral reef fishes. However, natural and anthropogenic induced disturbances impact this relationship. This study investigates the link between benthic habitat composition and fish functional groups in four countries in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO). Benthic composition of 32 sites was quantified visually from percentage cover of hard and soft corals, rubble, turf, fleshy and crustose coralline algae. At each site, abundance of 12 coral-associated fish functional groups in 50 × 5 m transects was determined. Cluster analysis characterized reefs based on benthic cover and revealed five habitat types (A, B, C, D and E) typified by decreasing cover of hard corals, increasing cover of turf and/or fleshy algae and differences in benthic diversity. Habitat type A was present in all four countries. Other habitats types showed geographic affiliations: notably Comoros sites clustered in either habitats B or E, northern Madagascar had B, C and D type habitats, whereas sites in central Tanzania and northern Mozambique had habitats D and E. Fish functional groups showed significant linkages with some habitat types. The abundances of corallivores, invertivores, detritivores and grazers were higher in habitat B, whereas planktivores and small excavators showed lower abundances in the same habitat. These linkages between benthic habitat types and fish functional groups are important in informing priority reefs that require conservation and management planning.
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Choi, Byungwoong, Hyeongsik Kang, and Woong Lee. "Baseflow Contribution to Streamflow and Aquatic Habitats Using Physical Habitat Simulations." Water 10, no. 10 (September 21, 2018): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101304.
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A scientific understanding of the baseflow contribution to streams and watershed processes is critical when dealing with water policy and management issues. However, most previous studies involving physical habitat simulation have been performed without considering the seepage of water from the underground into streams. Motivated by this, herein, we report an investigation of the impact of baseflow using physical habitat simulations for both dominant fish and benthic macroinvertebrate. The study area was located along the reach of the Ungcheon Stream, located 16.50 km downstream and 11.75 km upstream from the Boryeong Dam in the Republic of Korea. For the physical habitat simulation, Zacco platypus and Baetis fuscatus were selected as the target fish and benthic macroinvertebrate, respectively. The HydroGeoSphere (HGS) model (Aquanty Inc., Waterloo, ON, Canada) and the River2D model (Version 0.95a, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada) were used for hydrologic and hydraulic simulations, respectively. The Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model was used for the habitat simulations. Three habitat variables, flow depth, velocity, and substrate, were used. To assess the impact of baseflow, this study performed a physical habitat simulation using each representative discharge, with and without considering baseflow. It was found that the baseflow effects significantly increase the habitat suitability in the study reach. To restore the aquatic habitat, a scenario for modifying dam operations through natural flow patterns is presented using the Building Block Approach (BBA). In the study, the adjusted minimum flow allocation concept was used. It was revealed that the modified dam operations significantly increased the Weighted Usable Area (WUA) by about 48% for both target species. The results indicate that modifying the dam operations through restoration to natural flow regimes but also through inclusion of the baseflow are advantageous to aquatic fish habitats.
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Baković, Najla, Renata Matoničkin Kepčija, and Ferry J. Siemensma. "Transitional and small aquatic cave habitats diversification based on protist assemblages in the Veternica cave (Medvednica Mt., Croatia)." Subterranean Biology 42 (January 25, 2022): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.42.78037.
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Protists in caves are scarcely researched. Most cave studies address the diversity of protists, but very little is known about their habitats and spatio-temporal dynamics. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity and abundance of protists in the Veternica cave in the Medvednica mountain in Croatia on hygropetric and sinter and clay pools during six months. During this study, 47 protists taxa were distinguished belonging to the groups of heterotrophic flagellates, ciliates, heliozoans, stramenopiles and testate and naked amoebae. The highest taxon richness was found at the sinter pool site richest in bats guano (36 taxa). Most diverse were testate amoebae and ciliates. The number of taxa and their abundance differed significantly between the sampling sites. The prospected habitats supported different protist assemblages, proved by ordination analysis. The most distinctive habitat was the hygropetric. Habitat heterogeneity could be attributed to the presence of inorganic and organic sediments at the sites and habitat microhydrology (lotic or lentic system). Kendall’s concordance coefficient showed a good synchronicity between the habitats in the Veternica cave, based on taxon richness and abundance of protists indicating similar seasonal trends. Seasonality in the studied habitats is attributed to the hydro-meteorological conditions in the Veternica cave drainage area. This study is one of the few studies of spatio-temporal diversity and abundance of protists in caves. Despite the similar appearance of small transitional and aquatic habitats in caves, an example of this study showed specific habitat diversification.
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Jayawardana, J. M. C. K., Martin Westbrooke, Michael Wilson, and Cameron Hurst. "Macroinvertebrate communities in willow (Salix spp.) and reed beds (Phragmites australis) in central Victorian streams in Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 4 (2006): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05139.
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Exotic willows (Salix spp.) are widespread riparian tree species of rivers in temperate Australia and New Zealand. Despite being considered as a weed of national significance, little is known about the habitat value of willows and the impact on aquatic biota of vegetation change following willow management programmes. Macroinvertebrate fauna in root habitats of willows and Phragmites australis habitats were examined in three central Victorian rivers to understand the effect of such littoral habitat changes on macroinvertebrates. Data were analysed using Partially Nested Factorial ANOVA with season, river and habitat as main effects. Habitat structure had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on macroinvertebrate community assemblage. However, effect of habitat was not consistent among seasons. The greatest community differences among habitats were observed during winter and least separation during autumn. Taxa responsible for community differences among habitats were also identified. Species richness and abundance did not show consistent variation among habitats over different rivers or seasons. This study provided some indication of the macroinvertebrate community changes that would take place in situations where riparian vegetation changes takes place from willows to P. australis.
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Hrivnák, Richard, Jana Medvecká, Peter Baláži, Kateřina Bubíková, Helena Oťaheľová, and Marek Svitok. "Alien aquatic plants in Slovakia over 130 years: historical overview, current distribution and future perspectives." NeoBiota 49 (July 26, 2019): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.49.34318.
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Alien aquatic plants rank amongst the major threats to aquatic biodiversity and, since ongoing climate change is expected to facilitate their further spread, there is an urgent need for sound knowledge of their distribution and ecology. We collected published and unpublished data spanning the last ~130 years and performed the first comprehensive assessment of alien aquatic vascular plants in Slovakia with the following aims: (i) to prepare a national inventory, (ii) to assess the effects of climate and landscape on species diversity and (iii) to evaluate the habitat preferences of the species. The historical overview showed a strongly increasing trend in the number of alien species related to an increased amount of intensive research of aquatic vegetation over the last 30 years. Altogether, 20 neophyte alien aquatic plant taxa were recorded from 479 sampling sites. However, the species inventory seems to be far from complete and approximately 14 species are expected to remain undetected. Elodeacanadensis and E.nuttallii are the most frequently occurring alien aquatic plants, while eight other species have been found at a single site only. The majority of alien plants were deliberately introduced as aquarium ornamentals or released through pond waste. The fragmented information on local habitat conditions did not allow us to draw firm conclusions about the habitat preferences of alien aquatic plants. However, artificial water bodies are more frequently colonised by alien species than natural habitats (95% of aliens were found in artificial water bodies and 60% of them were recorded exclusively in these habitats) and many species have broad environmental tolerances (ability to colonise both standing and running waters, tolerances to a wide range of temperatures and water chemistry). Our results reaffirm the major role of increased temperatures and landscape modification in the distribution of alien aquatic plants and we can expect enhanced invasiveness and spreading of alien species into new habitats driven by climate change and land use intensification. Filling a main gap in the recognition of alien aquatic plant environmental preferences is a challenge for future research with the ultimate goal of maintaining natural aquatic plant diversity and ecosystem functioning.
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Uddin, Mohammad Zashim, and Joton Chandra Pal. "Preliminary taxonomic survey of aquatic plants of Feni district, Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 27, no. 1 (June 14, 2020): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v27i1.47572.
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Preliminary taxonomic survey of aquatic plants of Feni district was conducted between July 2016 and June 2017. Traditional taxonomic techniques and random meander methods were applied to record and collect aquatic plant species. A total of 56 aquatic plant species under 29 families were recorded from Feni district. Ecological habitats of aquatic plant species showed variations. Among them, 30% species prefer to grow near the edge of water, 20% as rooted submerged, 18% as rooted emergent, 16% as free floating, 12% as rooted floating and 4% surface creeper in the aquatic habitat. The uses of aquatic plants were showed that 27% species were used as fodder, 14% as medicinal, 11% as vegetable, 11% as edible fruits, 5% as duck weeds, 2% as artifacts and 30% as others purposes in the study area. Abundance of aquatic plant species in the habitat was showed variations. Among them 9% was found very abundant, 30% found common and 61% found rare in the study area. Based on the field observations and discussion with local people we were able to identify a good number of threats to aquatic plants and also pointed out some conservation measures for them. It was seemed that the species Achyranthes aquatica (thuash), Oenanthe javanica (painnaadani), and Chumannianthus dichotomus (patipata) were found to be limited in distribution outside Feni. These rare species need to be given priority for in situ and ex situ conservation.
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(1): 103-111, 2020 (June)
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Figueira, J. E. C., R. Cintra, L. R. Viana, and C. Yamashita. "Spatial and temporal patterns of bird species diversity in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil: implications for conservation." Brazilian Journal of Biology 66, no. 2a (May 2006): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842006000300003.
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Analysis of a three-year bird survey in the pantanal of Poconé revealed that most of the resident and seasonal birds are habitat generalists, using two or more habitats. In this study, previously sampled habitats were ranked in relation to species richness and stability (as measured by the ratio of seasonal to resident species). In all, nine habitats were grouped into three categories; results are as follows: 1) forests: more species-rich and more stable; 2) cerrado: intermediate levels; and 3) aquatic: less species-rich and less stable. The number of seasonal species remained relatively constant in forests throughout the year, while increasing in the other habitats during the dry season. The abundance of resident species seems to be related to species use of multiple habitats. Although many species were found to be habitat generalists, we discuss possible consequences of habitat loss and other human impacts on efforts to conserve this important bird community.
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Ioannidis, Yiannis, Vassiliki Kati, Haritakis Papaioannou, Johannes Foufopoulos, Philippe Lebrun, and Kostas Poirazidis. "Diversity, ecological structure and conservation of herpetofauna in a Mediterranean area (Dadia National Park, Greece)." Amphibia-Reptilia 28, no. 4 (2007): 517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853807782152471.
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Abstract The current study attempts to explore the diversity patterns and the ecological structure of herpetofauna in order to provide a guideline for its conservation management, taking as case study the Dadia national park, in Greece. We surveyed 36 sites by conducting time constraint visits and random transects to sample semi-aquatic (amphibians and freshwater terrapins) and terrestrial (lizards and terrestrial tortoises) herpetofauna respectively. We recorded 20 herpetofauna taxa, including five protected species. The park authorities should maintain brooks as a high priority habitat for semi-aquatic herpetofauna, periodically flooded land and lowland streams as important habitats, and to a lesser degree anthropogenic wet habitats. Semi-aquatic species have narrow habitat requirements related to substrate type and humidity. Terrestrial herpetofauna species are influenced by the degree of shade and the type of substrate; they favour a diversity of semi-open habitats (open oakwoods, heaths), located in the buffer zone rather than in the core of the park that contains densely forested habitats. Management focusing on raptors, the initial conservation priority of the national park, is compatible with the conservation of the terrestrial herpetofauna, as the proposed maintenance of an open forest structure is beneficial for terrestrial herpetofauna as well. Our research indicates that future management programs will have to address the needs of herpetofauna species independently and that they should also be integrated in the monitoring programme of the park, with emphasis on the conservation status and trend of the five protected species.
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Tanneberger, Franziska, Vera Knöfler, Wilhelm Linke, Cosima Tegetmeyer, and Janusz Kloskowski. "Rapid changes in vegetation structure of Aquatic Warbler habitats in Pomerania – outcomes of targeted five year habitat management." Plant Diversity and Evolution 130, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2013): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1869-6155/2013/0130-0079.
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Vilenica, Marina, Miran Katar, Toni Koren, and Ana Štih Koren. "Dragonfly fauna (Insecta: Odonata) of Papuk Nature Park, Croatia." Natura Croatica 31, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20302/nc.2022.31.25.
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Odonata is an amphibious insect order constituting an important link between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Members of the group are widely used as bioindicators of freshwater habitat health. The Odonata fauna of a total of 44 freshwater habitats in the wider area of Papuk Nature Park was investigated in the spring and summer of 2017 and 2019. Twenty-three lotic and 21 lentic habitats were included in the study. We recorded 39 Odonata species, witha higher species richness (i.e. 35) documented at lentic than at lotic habitats (i.e. 16 species). Calopteryx virgo was the most widespread species in the area, while Aeshna affinis, Epitheca bimaculata, and Sympetrum meridionale were the rarest. The most frequently recorded species at lentic sites were Platycnemis pennipes, Coenagrion puella, and Ischnura elegans, while Calopteryx virgo, Onychogomphus forcipatus, and Cordulegaster bidenatata were the most common species in lotic habitats. Although we recorded numerous anthropogenic pressures in freshwater habitats in the Park, 11 recorded species are of conservation concern, which highlights the conservation value of aquatic habitats in the study area. Our results represent the first Odonata checklist of Papuk Nature Park, and as such, they are an important contribution to our knowledge of the Odonata fauna and species distribution in Croatia.
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Aziz, M. Abdul, M. Monirul H Khan, Md Modinul Ahsan, Md Rezaul Karim Chowdhury, and Arif Mohammad Faisal. "Identification of key habitats and conservation threats of the Ganges River dolphin (Platanista gangetica) of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 51, no. 3 (April 1, 2024): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v51i3.72013.
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Ganges River Dolphins (Platanista gangetica) are known to inhabit all major river systems in Bangladesh. However, comprehensive spatial records for this globally endangered aquatic mammal are notably scarce nationwide. Furthermore, their habitats are increasingly threatened due to excessive utilization of aquatic resources and their habitats by the growing human population. To allocate limited resources in safeguarding high-priority dolphin habitats, we conducted field surveys and arranged stakeholder consultations to identify key dolphin habitats and the conservation threats they face across Bangladesh. Through this process, we have identified 14 river segments as high-priority winter habitats for Ganges River Dolphins. These dolphins encounter both direct and indirect threats within their habitats. Direct threats include entanglement and occasional intentional killing for traditional medicinal purposes and as fish attractants. Indirect threats leading to habitat degradation comprise the construction of dams and barrages for upstream water extraction, increasing industrial pollution in river waters, overfishing, and alterations to river morphology caused by siltation and sedimentation. The heavy reliance of local communities on dolphin habitats, coupled with a lack of widespread awareness and insufficient conservation efforts, pose significant challenges to the future survival of Ganges River Dolphins in Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Zool. 51(3): 253-266, 2023
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Lewin, Iga, Adam Tarkowski, Piotr Sugier, Wojciech Płaska, Edyta Buczyńska, and Paweł Buczyński. "Drivers for the Diversity of Mollusc Communities in Unique Calcareous Fen Habitats." Diversity 16, no. 6 (June 17, 2024): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16060350.
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The research was carried out in calcareous fen habitats which share coverage with Natura 2000 sites designated under the EU Habitats and the Birds Directive. A total of 27 taxa of molluscs were recorded: 23 gastropod and 4 bivalve species. Anisus vorticulus, one of the species of Community interest whose conservation requires designation of special conservation areas within the Habitats Directive Natura 2000, was subrecedent and accedent in mollusc communities. Calcareous fen habitats offer the aquatic organisms harsh environmental conditions including a relatively high temperature of the water up to 33.29 °C (undrained fens), oxygen deficits in the water, high pH of up to 11.08 (fen pools) and conductivity above 3000 μS cm−1 (fen ditches). Therefore molluscs have to face extreme environmental conditions. Temperature of the water, pH, dissolved oxygen and conductivity were the parameters most associated with the distribution of mollusc species in the calcareous fen habitats. The abundance of submerged and floating macrophytes, the degree of habitat persistence and the fish predation pressure on molluscs also exerted a significant effect on their distribution. The calcareous fen habitats that are listed in Annex I of the European Union Habitats Directive create a unique valuable ecosystem that contributes to the natural diversity of aquatic organisms.
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Pipan, Tanja. "Aquatic Shallow Subterranean Habitats: General Features." Earth Sciences 7, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180701.11.
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Liu, Jian-Kui, Jing Yang, Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura, Eric H. C. McKenzie, E. B. Gareth Jones, Kevin D. Hyde, and Zuo-Yi Liu. "Novel chaetosphaeriaceous hyphomycetes from aquatic habitats." Mycological Progress 15, no. 10-11 (October 2016): 1157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-016-1237-1.
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Correa, Sandra Bibiana. "Fish assemblage structure is consistent through an annual hydrological cycle in habitats of a floodplain-lake in the Colombian Amazon." Neotropical Ichthyology 6, no. 2 (2008): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252008000200014.
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I investigated changes in abundance and spatial distribution of medium- and large-sized fishes (>100 mm) in an oxbow lake of the lower Apaporis River, Colombian Amazon, across three seasons (falling, low, and rising water). Fifty-three species in 13 families were collected from six habitats: lagoon channels, stream, flooded forests, isolated shrub patches, muddy beaches, and rocks. Abundance, biomass, and species richness were higher during the rising-water season and lower during falling-water season. Correspondence analysis (CA) showed that fish assemblages were associated to two basic habitat types. One assemblage of fishes was associated with densely vegetated and structurally complex habitats (flooded forest, lagoon channels, stream, and isolated shrub patches), and a second assemblage of fishes was associated with muddy beaches. These assemblages persisted despite seasonal fluctuations in water level. Species in the structurally complex habitats assemblage were mostly omnivores, whereas the beach habitat assemblage included mainly piscivores and detritivores. Results from this study suggest that overall abundance of fishes in habitats within and surrounding Taraira Lake is highly variable among seasons, but species habitat affinity is maintained through seasons.