Journal articles: 'Aquaculture and fisheries stock assessment'

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Kaczan, David J., and Pawan G. Patil. "Potential Development Contribution of Fisheries Reform: Evidence From Pakistan." Journal of Environment & Development 29, no. 3 (June 3, 2020): 275–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496520925878.

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Mismanagement threatens the productivity and sustainability of an increasing number of capture fisheries globally, hindering these resources’ ability to contribute to socioeconomic and environmental outcomes such as those embodied in the Sustainable Development Goals. Using Pakistan as a case study, we assess the contribution that improved management of Pakistan’s marine fisheries can make to development through economic growth, productivity, employment, and resource sustainability. Using a bioeconomic model based on a recent stock assessment, we find large projected benefits of fisheries reform relative to business as usual. However, projected production volume is not higher than current output, which is inflated by ongoing overfishing. Aquaculture is found to have potential for substantial and complementary socioeconomic benefits. We highlight how Pakistan’s fisheries mirror global trends of plateauing wild capture and falling productivity and suggest key policy changes and investments along the value chain that can underpin more productive and sustainable fisheries in this context.

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Stuart, Venetia, Trevor Platt, and Shubha Sathyendranath. "The future of fisheries science in management: a remote-sensing perspective." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 4 (January 17, 2011): 644–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq200.

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Abstract Stuart, V., Platt, T., and Sathyendranath, S. 2011. The future of fisheries science in management: a remote-sensing perspective. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 644–650. Earth observation from satellites offers vast potential for fisheries applications, including management of marine resources, stock assessment, marine aquaculture, and fish harvesting. One of the most promising avenues for the use of satellite data for fisheries science in management lies in quantifying objectively the variables that result in large and small year classes of exploited stocks. The influence of fluctuations in the availability of food in the critical period of larval stages can be investigated through the application of ecological indicators describing the variability of the pelagic ecosystem at a given time and place. These indices can increase our understanding of the relationship between ecosystem factors and the recruitment of key species. Despite the many demonstration applications published to date, little use is being made of satellite data to support fisheries science in management. We discuss some of the obstacles that lie in the way of the operational use of satellite data and suggest actions that could facilitate its broader application.

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Lewin, Wolf-Christian, Harry Vincent Strehlow, Keno Ferter, Kieran Hyder, Jan Niemax, Jens-Peter Herrmann, and Marc Simon Weltersbach. "Estimating post-release mortality of European sea bass based on experimental angling." ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, no. 4 (January 17, 2018): 1483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx240.

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Abstract European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is an important target species for recreational and commercial fisheries. In recent years, the spawning stock biomass has declined markedly in some areas, and strict management measures have been introduced. However, the development of appropriate stock assessment and fisheries management has been hampered by a lack of information on post-release mortality. This study investigated post-release mortality of sea bass captured with common recreational fishing gear under experimental conditions in an aquaculture facility over 10 d. Three experiments investigated: (i) the effects of different bait types; (ii) the impact of prolonged air exposure; and (iii) the impact of deep hooking on post-release mortality. By combining the experimental results with country-specific information on sea bass angling practices, estimates of post-release mortality are provided for the northern sea bass stock. No mortality was observed for sea bass captured on artificial baits. The use of natural baits resulted in a mortality of 13.9% (95% CI = 4.7–29.5%), which was associated with deep hooking, hooking injuries, and prolonged air exposure. The use of artificial baits and short air exposure (≤30 s) increased survival probability, whereas deep hooking resulted in 76.5% (95% CI = 50.0–93.2%) mortality. Depending on country-specific angling practices, post-release mortality estimates ranged from 2.8% to 9.1% (mean = 5.0%, 95% CI = 1.7–14.4%) for northern sea bass. Despite these relatively low mortality estimates, post-release mortality should be considered in stock assessments as its cumulative impact may be high. Moreover, post-release mortality can be reduced by implementing species-specific best practice guidelines.

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Garcia, Serge M., and Richard J. R. Grainger. "Gloom and doom? The future of marine capture fisheries." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, no. 1453 (January 29, 2005): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1580.

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Predicting global fisheries is a high–order challenge but predictions have been made and updates are needed. Past forecasts, present trends and perspectives of key parameters of the fisheries—including potential harvest, state of stocks, supply and demand, trade, fishing technology and governance—are reviewed in detail, as the basis for new forecasts and forecasting performance assessment. The future of marine capture fisheries will be conditioned by the political, social and economic evolution of the world within which they operate. Consequently, recent global scenarios for the future world are reviewed, with the emphasis on fisheries. The main driving forces (e.g. global economic development, demography, environment, public awareness, information technology, energy, ethics) including aquaculture are described. Outlooks are provided for each aspect of the fishery sector. The conclusion puts these elements in perspective and offers the authors' personal interpretation of the possible future pathway of fisheries, the uncertainty about it and the still unanswered questions of direct relevance in shaping that future.

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Hvingel, Carsten, Bernard Sainte-Marie, and Gordon H. Kruse. "Cold-water shellfish as harvestable resources and important ecosystem players." ICES Journal of Marine Science 78, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab005.

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Abstract The symposium, Shellfish—Resources and Invaders of the North, took place 5–7 November 2019 in Tromsø, Norway. Approximately 110 participants presented and discussed 60 talks and 25 posters. Of these, ten articles are published in this symposium issue. The goal of this symposium was to discuss the role of shellfish, both as harvestable resources and as important ecosystem players in northern hemisphere cold marine environments. To provide perspective for the symposium, the development of four major crustacean fisheries (northern shrimp, snow crab, Homarus, Norway lobster) are reviewed. Our review showed that landings of all these fisheries are still in a state of flux due to inherent population dynamics, fishing, and climate change. The talks and posters covered a broad range of state-of-the-art bioecological knowledge and present challenges in the assessment and management of the most ecologically and/or commercially important cold-water shellfish species belonging to the phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Echinodermata. Various alternative harvesting and management techniques were presented along with perspectives for shellfish aquaculture. Methods and models for stock assessment were thoroughly covered as well as the ecological role of shellfish, their population dynamics, new insights into their biology and genetics, and their changing distribution and significance as invasive species.

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Talbot, S. Elizabeth, Stephen Widdicombe, Chris Hauton, and Jorn Bruggeman. "Adapting the dynamic energy budget (DEB) approach to include non-continuous growth (moulting) and provide better predictions of biological performance in crustaceans." ICES Journal of Marine Science 76, no. 1 (November 22, 2018): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy164.

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Abstract Dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the overall physiological performance (growth, development, respiration, reproduction, etc.) of an organism over the course of its life cycle. We present here a simplified DEB model for the swimming crab Liocarcinus depurator. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first to be presented for this species. Most applications of the standard DEB model assume continuous growth in all size metrics (length, wet mass, carbon content) of the modelled species. However, in crustaceans growth, measured as an increase of carapace length/width, occurs periodically via moult. To account for this, we have extended the model to track the continuous increase in carbon mass as well as the episodic increase in physical size. Model predictions were consistent with the patterns in the observed data, predicting both the moult increment and the intermoult period of an individual. In addition to presenting the model itself, we also make recommendations for further development, and evaluate the potential applications of such a model, both at the individual level (e.g. aquaculture) and as a potential tool for population level dynamics (e.g. fisheries stock assessment).

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Ndjamba, Tchimanda Simeão Imbo, Miguel Araya, and Marcelo Enrique Oliva. "Otolith Weight as an Estimator of the Age of Seriola lalandi Valenciennes, 1833 (Carangidae), in the Southeastern Pacific." Animals 12, no. 13 (June 26, 2022): 1640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12131640.

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The age and growth of fish populations is a critical issue for stock assessment, population dynamics and fishery management. Spawner biomass, mortality, growth, recruitment and age at maturity can be misconstrued if the age estimator is inaccurate. Age can be estimated by annuli count, but this requires expertise and is expensive. Otolith weight (OW) is a good indicator of how long a fish has lived, because OW increases during an individual’s life. Seriola lalandi is a migratory fish and is an important resource for local fishermen in northern Chile. Aspects of its biology, i.e., age and growth, remain unknown, at least for the population annually arriving in northern Chile. Fish of a known age (n = 105; from 5.5 to 25.7 cm in FL) from yellowtail aquaculture facilities at Universidad de Antofagasta allowed us to estimate the growth rate of OW, and fish obtained from local fishermen (n = 71; from 37.9 to 109 cm in FL) allowed us to estimate the age and growth of S. lalandi from the analysis of OW, without the need for calibration. The following four models were fitted with the known ages and fork lengths: the von Bertalanffy growth function, the Gompertz and logistic models and the seasonalized von Bertalanffy growth function. The latter model showed the best adjustment (according to the Akaike information criterion) with the following parameters: L∞, 98.58 cm.; K, 0.59; t0, 0.07; ts, 0.84; and C, 0.97.

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Conquest, Loveday L. "Stock Assessment in Inland Fisheries." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 127, no. 1 (January 1998): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(199801)127:1<0153:sditsc>2.0.co;2.

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Medley, P. A., G. Gaudian, and S. Wells. "Coral reef fisheries stock assessment." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 3, no. 3 (September 1993): 242–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00043930.

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Fisch, Nicholas, Angela Collins, and Edward V. Camp. "What is stock assessment?" EDIS 2021, no. 2 (May 4, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-fa232-2021.

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Whether you’re an angler, diver, conservationist, or just interested in fisheries, you’ve likely heard the term “stock assessment” before. What are stock assessments? How do they work? How do they inform management decisions? This publication provides information to the public and people serving in natural resource management agencies and working in outreach and Extension to show how fisheries management decisions are made.

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Cadrin, Steven X., and Mark Dickey-Collas. "Stock assessment methods for sustainable fisheries." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 1 (December 19, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu228.

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Abstract This special volume of the ICES Journal compiles contributions from the World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods for Sustainable Fisheries (July 2013, Boston, USA). The conference was the product of a strategic initiative on stock assessment methods that engaged many national and regional fishery management organizations to assure that scientists can apply the most appropriate methods when developing management advice. An inclusive workshop was designed to evaluate the performance of a variety of model categories by applying multiple models to selected case study data as well as simulated pseudo-data that had realistic measurement error. All model applications had difficulties in recovering the simulated stock and fishing mortality trends, particularly at the end of the assessment time series, when they are most important for informing fishery management. This general result suggests that the next steps in evaluating the performance of stock assessment methods should include stock status relative to sustainable reference points, catch advice, multi-model consideration, and alternative management procedures. Recognition of the limitations of conventional stock assessment methods should promote further development of data-limited approaches, methods with time-varying parameters, or spatial complexity, and a more revolutionary shift towards the application of multispecies and ecosystem models. The contributions in this volume address methodological themes that are expected to improve the scientific basis of fishery management. Furthermore, the limitations of stock assessment methods and associated uncertainty should be more extensively considered in fishery management strategies and tactical decisions. Recommendations developed during the conference called for the establishment of a global initiative to synthesize regional advances, form guidance on best practices, promote strategic investments, and highlight research needs for fish stock assessments.

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Starr, Paul, John H. Annala, and Ray Hilborn. "Contested stock assessment: two case studies." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-230.

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We describe two case studies where scientists representing alternative interest groups worked together to attempt to resolve scientific issues of fisheries assessments. In several fisheries in New Zealand, commercial fishing interests hired consultants to review governmental assessments. In some of these fisheries, the two sides provided alternative competing assessments; in other fisheries, there was a cooperative agreed-upon assessment. In the analysis of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) within the Pacific Salmon Treaty, scientists representing all parties agreed upon an assessment procedure and developed it over a number of years. Such contested assessments provide a number of benefits including (i) intense peer review, (ii) the ability to bring data from all parties into the assessment process, and (iii) better understanding and trust of the assessments by the different interest groups. Effective peer review requires repeating the calculations associated with data sources and assessment models. We suggest that contested assessments, despite the extra cost, are highly valuable, as they provide a substantially improved standard of assessment. Contested assessments will evolve towards cooperative analysis unless participating parties feel that the cooperative assessment is counter to their perceived interests.

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GUAN, Wenjiang, Siquan TIAN, Jiangfeng ZHU, and Xinjun CHEN. "A review of fisheries stock assessment models." Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 20, no. 5 (December 16, 2013): 1112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1118.2013.01112.

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Smith, Michael T., and Julian T. Addison. "Methods for stock assessment of crustacean fisheries." Fisheries Research 65, no. 1-3 (December 2003): 231–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2003.09.017.

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Pierce, Graham J., and Angel Guerra. "Stock assessment methods used for cephalopod fisheries." Fisheries Research 21, no. 1-2 (December 1994): 255–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(94)90108-2.

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Hammond, T. R., and V. M. Trenkel. "Censored catch data in fisheries stock assessment." ICES Journal of Marine Science 62, no. 6 (January 1, 2005): 1118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.04.015.

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Abstract Landings statistics can be lower than true catches because many fish are discarded or landed illegally. Since many discards do not survive, treating landings as true catches can lead to biased stock assessments. This paper proposes treating catch as censored by bounding it below by the landings, L, and above by cL (for scalar c > 1). We demonstrate the approach with a simulation study, using a Schaefer surplus production model. Parameters were estimated in a Bayesian framework with BUGS software using two sets of priors. Both the traditional true-catch method and a survey-and-effort method (which was landings free) performed worse on average than the censored approach, as measured by the Bayes risk associated with estimates of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and of an index of depletion (X). Recursive partitioning (regression trees) was used to associate simulation parameters to best-performing methods, showing that higher commercial fish catchability favoured the censored method at estimating X. In conclusion, censored methods provide a means of dealing with discarding and misreporting that can outperform some traditional alternatives.

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Maunder, Mark N., and Kevin R. Piner. "Contemporary fisheries stock assessment: many issues still remain." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu015.

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Abstract Interpretation of data used in fisheries assessment and management requires knowledge of population (e.g. growth, natural mortality, and recruitment), fisheries (e.g. selectivity), and sampling processes. Without this knowledge, assumptions need to be made, either implicitly or explicitly based on the methods used. Incorrect assumptions can have a substantial impact on stock assessment results and management advice. Unfortunately, there is a lack of understanding of these processes for most, if not all, stocks and even for processes that have traditionally been assumed to be well understood (e.g. growth and selectivity). We use information content of typical fisheries data that is informative about absolute abundance to illustrate some of the main issues in fisheries stock assessment. We concentrate on information about absolute abundance from indices of relative abundance combined with catch, and age and length-composition data and how the information depends on knowledge of population, fishing, and sampling processes. We also illustrate two recently developed diagnostic methods that can be used to evaluate the absolute abundance information content of the data. Finally, we discuss some of the reasons for the slowness of progress in fisheries stock assessment.

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Braithwaite, VA, and AGV Salvanes. "Aquaculture and restocking: implications for conservation and welfare." Animal Welfare 19, no. 2 (May 2010): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600001391.

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AbstractAs the harvesting of fish through commercial fisheries becomes both harder and less economically viable, the world is becoming increasingly dependent on aquaculture to provide fish for human consumption. The closely related activity of stock enhancement, whereby large numbers of fish are reared and then released, is a common practice aimed at increasing the numbers of fish in rivers and along coasts. Aquaculture and stock enhancement practices raise a number of welfare and conservation issues both for fish that are reared within captivity, and for the local populations and habitats that are influenced by fish-rearing activities. In this review, we illustrate how fish farms and hatcheries have directly affected fish welfare. Examples cover on-farm fish husbandry and healthcare, the interactions between farmed and wild fish, and survival of fish released for stock enhancement. These aspects are often intertwined with important conservation issues. Thus, we also review direct effects that aquaculture-generated pollution can have on local habitats, issues associated with feeding reared fish, and problems created by alien fish (either escapees or intentionally released fish). While awareness of fish welfare is certainly growing, so is the rate at which fish are reared. There is, therefore, a pressing need to understand the welfare and conservation issues that are affected by aquaculture and stock enhancement.

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Dang, Cecile, and Terrence L. Miller. "Disease threats to wild and cultured abalone in Australia." Microbiology Australia 37, no. 3 (2016): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma16047.

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Abalone species are important for recreational and commercial fisheries and aquaculture in many jurisdictions in Australia. Clinical infections with viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens can cause significant losses of wild and cultured stock, and subclinical infections may result in decreased productivity and growth. Infections with abalone herpesviruses (AbHV), Vibrio spp. and parasites of the genus Perkinsus are of particular concern to Australian fisheries. Here we provide a brief overview of these three major pathogen groups and their diagnoses from an Australian perspective.

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Cordue, Patrick L. "Designing optimal estimators for fish stock assessment." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 376–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-228.

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Many estimation procedures are used in the provision of fisheries stock assessment advice. Most procedures use estimators that have optimal large-sample characteristics, but these are often applied to small-sample data sets. In this paper, a minimum integrated average expected loss (MIAEL) estimation procedure is presented. By its design a MIAEL estimator has optimal characteristics for the type of data it is applied to, given that the model assumptions of the particular problem are satisfied. The estimation procedure is developed within a decision-theoretic framework and illustrated with a Bernoulli and a fisheries example. MIAEL estimation is related to optimal Bayes estimation, as both procedures seek an estimator that minimizes an integrated loss function. In most fisheries applications a global MIAEL estimator will be difficult to determine, and a MIAEL estimator will need to be found within a given class of estimators. "Squared f-error," a generalization of the common squared error loss function is defined. It is shown that an estimator can be improved (for a given squared f-error loss function) by using its best linear transformation which is the MIAEL estimator within the class of linear transformations (in f space).

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Bross, C. A. R. "Stock assessment and risk in South African fisheries." South African Journal of Marine Science 5, no. 1 (June 1, 1987): 919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/025776187784522720.

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Francis, R. I. C. Chris. "Data weighting in statistical fisheries stock assessment models." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 6 (June 2011): 1124–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-025.

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The conclusions drawn from fisheries stock assessment models can depend strongly on the relative weights assigned to different data sets. However, there is no consensus amongst practitioners as to the best approach to data weighting. From a discussion of some key questions concerning data weighting in stock assessment models, I draw three guiding principles: (i) do not let other data stop the model from fitting abundance data well; (ii) when weighting age or length composition data, allow for correlations; and (iii) do not down-weight abundance data because they may be unrepresentative. I propose an approach to data weighting based on these principles. Two factors that complicate this approach are that some decisions are inevitably subjective (which underlines the need for expert knowledge in stock assessment), and some technical problems are unresolved.

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Chen, Yong, Yan Jiao, Chi-Lu Sun, and Xinjun Chen. "Calibrating virtual population analysis for fisheries stock assessment." Aquatic Living Resources 21, no. 2 (April 2008): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/alr:2008030.

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Chen, Yong, Liqiao Chen, and K. I. Stergiou. "Impacts of data quantity on fisheries stock assessment." Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries 65, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000270300008.

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Francis, R. I. C. Chris. "Revisiting data weighting in fisheries stock assessment models." Fisheries Research 192 (August 2017): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2016.06.006.

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Morales, Maria C., and Jaime Meruane. "The northern river shrimp Cryphiops caementarius (Decapoda, Palaemonidae), research chronology between 1958 and 2008, II: aquaculture research and development in northern Chile." Crustaceana 86, no. 12 (2013): 1452–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003260.

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In Chile many experiments to artificially produce juvenile Cryphiops caementarius have been carried out in order to obtain enough stock for aquaculture or repopulation in natural habitats. The aquaculture production technology has been developed by the research staff of the Aquaculture Department of the Universidad Católica del Norte, with the aim of enhancing cultivation at commercial level, obtaining a sustainable production, and decreasing the fisheries pressure on natural populations. The latter is now based on the collection of ovigerous female obtained from their natural habitat. The research shows that it is possible to cultivate C. caementarius juveniles in 65 days through 18 zoeal stages.

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Kuparinen, Anna, Samu Mäntyniemi, Jeffrey A. Hutchings, and Sakari Kuikka. "Increasing biological realism of fisheries stock assessment: towards hierarchical Bayesian methods." Environmental Reviews 20, no. 2 (June 2012): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a2012-006.

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Excessively high rates of fishing mortality have led to rapid declines of several commercially important fish stocks. To harvest fish stocks sustainably, fisheries management requires accurate information about population dynamics, but the generation of this information, known as fisheries stock assessment, traditionally relies on conservative and rather narrowly data-driven modelling approaches. To improve the information available for fisheries management, there is a demand to increase the biological realism of stock-assessment practices and to better incorporate the available biological knowledge and theory. Here, we explore the development of fisheries stock-assessment models with an aim to increasing their biological realism, and focus particular attention on the possibilities provided by the hierarchical Bayesian modelling framework and ways to develop this approach as a means of efficiently incorporating different sources of information to construct more biologically realistic stock-assessment models. The main message emerging from our review is that to be able to efficiently improve the biological realism of stock-assessment models, fisheries scientists must go beyond the traditional stock-assessment data and explore the resources available in other fields of biological research, such as ecology, life-history theory and evolutionary biology, in addition to utilizing data available from other stocks of the same or comparable species. The hierarchical Bayesian framework provides a way of formally integrating these sources of knowledge into the stock-assessment protocol and to accumulate information from multiple sources and over time.

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Lorenzen, Kai, Kenneth M. Leber, Neil R. Loneragan, Ryan W. Schloesser, and Matthew D. Taylor. "Developing and integrating enhancement strategies to improve and restore fisheries." Bulletin of Marine Science 97, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2021.0036.

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Fisheries enhancements are management approaches involving the use of aquaculture and habitat technologies (in the broadest sense) to enhance or restore fisheries. The technologies most commonly used include hatchery rearing and release of aquatic animals and provision of artificial structures such as artificial reefs. Both are associated with distinct fields of knowledge and communities of practice. Recent calls to expand and broaden the role of aquaculture and habitat enhancements in marine conservation and an increasingly integrated view of living marine resource management have led to an aspirational broadening of concepts in this area. The 10th William R and Lenore Mote Symposium and 6 th International Symposium on Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching aimed to advance and integrate knowledge across enhancement technologies and practices. Substantial progress was noted in multiple technical areas such as understanding the potential and limitations for rearing organisms fit for release into the wild, and the design of artificial reefs to enhance local fish abundance. Crucial higher-level goals such as effectively enhancing or restoring fish abundance and fisheries at the stock level continue to receive insufficient attention across the enhancement sciences. Integration of enhancement strategies provides opportunities and challenges including a need to recognize, cross-discover, and engage other distinct areas of knowledge and communities of practice. A quick reference guide is provided to facilitate this process.

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Bentley, Nokome. "Data and time poverty in fisheries estimation: potential approaches and solutions." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 1 (March 5, 2014): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu023.

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Abstract The increasingly sophisticated methods developed for stock assessment are not always suited to data-poor fisheries. Data-poor fisheries are often low in value, so the researcher time available for their assessment is also small. The dual constraints of reduced data and reduced time make stock assessments for low-value stocks particularly challenging. Prior probability distributions are useful for transferring knowledge from data-rich to data-poor fisheries. When data are limited, it is important to make the most of what few data is available. However, fully understanding potential biases in data are just as important in the data-poor context as it is in data-rich fisheries. A key aspect of stock assessment is peer review. Providing a comprehensive, yet concise, set of diagnostics is crucial to a stock assessment where time is limited. Against the standards by which data-rich stock assessments are judged, stock assessments for data-poor stocks are likely to be found deficient. A key challenge is to maintain a balance between the opposing risks of inappropriate management “action” due to assessment inaccuracy, and inappropriate management “inaction” due to assessment uncertainty.

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Prestes, Luiza, Fabiana Calacina da Cunha, Maria Gercilia Mota Soares, Marcos Sidney Brito Oliveira, Netie Izabel Oliveira, and Alexandro Cezar Florentino. "Stock Assessment: Sustainable management in high and medium Araguari River, Amapá, Brazil." Ciência e Natura 42 (June 29, 2020): e71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x40186.

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Fisheries in Araguari river is an alternative income for families that depend on exploitation of natural resources. This study evaluates fisheries production in high and medium Araguari river to determine the bioeconomic reference points of fishery activities. Logbooks of fisheries were used from Fishermen Colony Z-16 from 2003 to 2010. The Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) and Effort at Maximum Sustainable Yield (fmsy) was: MSYSchaefer = 11246 kg and fmsy = 754 fisheries/year, and MSYFox = 11478 kg and fmsy = 1214 fisheries/year and at Bioeconomic Equilibrium (Eebe) Eebe = 10712 kg and Effort at Bioeconomic Equilibrium (febe) febe = 918 fisheries/year. The status of fisheries from Araguari River was declared as overfishing and in this study, we found the same results. The Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) was reached too, as the fisheries were at Bioeconomic Equilibrium (EBE). The fishery mortality (Fyear/Fmsy) and fishery effort (fyear/fmsy) trends show that from 2003 to 2009 the values were sustainable. In 2010 those trends became unsustainable, and the Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) for all years is unsustainable too. It is required this study be considered in future management agreements.

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Dabrowski, T., K. Lyons, C. Cusack, G. Casal, A. Berry, and G. D. Nolan. "Ocean modelling for aquaculture and fisheries in Irish waters." Ocean Science 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-12-101-2016.

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Abstract. The Marine Institute, Ireland, runs a suite of operational regional and coastal ocean models. Recent developments include several tailored products that focus on the key needs of the Irish aquaculture sector. In this article, an overview of the products and services derived from the models are presented. The authors give an overview of a shellfish model developed in-house and that was designed to predict the growth, the physiological interactions with the ecosystem, and the level of coliform contamination of the blue mussel. As such, this model is applicable in studies on the carrying capacity of embayments, assessment of the impacts of pollution on aquaculture grounds, and the determination of shellfish water classes. Further services include the assimilation of the model-predicted shelf water movement into a new harmful algal bloom alert system used to inform end users of potential toxic shellfish events and high biomass blooms that include fish-killing species. Models are also used to identify potential sites for offshore aquaculture, to inform studies of potential cross-contamination in farms from the dispersal of planktonic sea lice larvae and other pathogens that can infect finfish, and to provide modelled products that underpin the assessment and advisory services on the sustainable exploitation of the resources of marine fisheries. This paper demonstrates that ocean models can provide an invaluable contribution to the sustainable blue growth of aquaculture and fisheries.

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Anderson, Sean C., Cole C. Monnahan, Kelli F. Johnson, Kotaro Ono, and Juan L. Valero. "ss3sim: An R Package for Fisheries Stock Assessment Simulation with Stock Synthesis." PLoS ONE 9, no. 4 (April 3, 2014): e92725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092725.

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Issa, Fadlullah Olayiwola, Sidiqat Aderinoye-AbdulWahab, and Joyce Hauwa Kagbu. "Assessment of aquaculture development programmes in Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 26, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v26i1.2.

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This paper assessed the various aquaculture development programmes of succeeding Nigerian Government. It particularly focused on the Fish Seed Multiplication Project (FSMP) and the pilot Fish Farm Project (PFFP); drawing lessons from their implementation. Literature review was carried out using reports of Federal Ministry of Agriculture as well as agricultural institutions for this analysis. Poor growth rate in fishery output as well as unavailability and inadequate access to modern fish-farming technologies was found to be the major challenges confronting the Nigerian aquaculture development. The paper concludes that despite some noteworthy efforts of government interventions in the fisheries sub-sector of the Nigeria economy; the growth rates of fishery output have been relatively low as manifested in the large importation of fish over the years. It recommends a proper exploitation of the aquaculture system by ensuring fish-farmers’ access to modern fish-farming technologies through policy instrument.

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Corbin, John S. "Marine Aquaculture: Today's Necessity for Tomorrow's Seafood." Marine Technology Society Journal 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533207787442150.

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Aquaculture is the fastest growing segment of the global food production sector, valued at $70.3 billion in 2004. In recent years, global capture fisheries have leveled off at around 95 mmt per year, with little or no prospect of increasing yields. The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (UNFAO) has concluded that increases in future seafood supplies must come from aquatic farming. The United States (U.S.) industry has been among the fastest growing agriculture sectors. Domestic seafood from capture and culture fisheries provides about 20% of annual consumption, the balance coming from imports. Future supply will come from either increasing imports or, preferably, expanding domestic aquaculture and fisheries sources. The greatest opportunity for domestic growth is marine aquaculture, particularly placement of large and small farms in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Additional benefits can accrue if large-scale marine hatchery technology is developed, so that fingerlings can be produced for wild stock enhancement and management. Currently, there is no permitting and leasing regime for ocean farming in the U.S. EEZ. In response to several national commissions, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce (USDOC) is spearheading a bold effort to implement long-term marine aquaculture development objectives and create an EEZ permitting and leasing mechanism. Enabling legislation, entitled the National Offshore Aquaculture Act of 2007, is before Congress. Anchoring fish farms in the relatively shallow near shore and the EEZ is an exciting prospect for greater U.S. seafood self-sufficiency. However, there are many institutional, environmental and technical issues to resolve. More compelling is the prospect of developing new marine aquaculture technologies, e.g., single-point moorings, untethered cages, and integrated multi-trophic systems, to sustainably utilize the deep ocean beyond the EEZ. Successfully tackling this looming challenge will need the diverse expertise of the U.S. marine technology industry.

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Duplisea, Daniel E. "Eliminating implausible fisheries assessment models using fishers’ knowledge." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, no. 8 (August 2018): 1280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0178.

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Peer review of competing deepwater redfish (Sebastes mentella) assessment models revealed data inconsistencies where stock biomass decline shown by the survey in the 1990s was too rapid to be explained solely by reported catch. The models invoked different techniques to achieve fits, one by changing mortality at age and the other by survey weighting. The former fitted reported catch well, while the latter accepted a mismatch between reported and estimated catch. The assessments produced different estimates of historical stock size and future productivity. Interviews conducted with fishers of the stock suggested that catch was at least twice as high as the official record. In light of the fishers’ evidence, the model that invoked a large change in mortality with age to follow reported catch closely now appears less credible. This serves as a warning against introducing new biological mechanisms without credible justification. This is an example of how indicators derived from fisher’s knowledge, even if only from a small number of interviews, can be used to eliminate less plausible models.

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Arrizabalaga, Haritz, Victor R. Restrepo, Mark N. Maunder, and Jacek Majkowski. "Using stock assessment information to assess fishing capacity of tuna fisheries." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 9 (June 19, 2009): 1959–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp165.

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Abstract Arrizabalaga, H., Restrepo, V. R., Maunder, M. N., and Majkowski, J. 2009. Using stock assessment information to assess fishing capacity of tuna fisheries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1959–1966. In tuna and tuna-like fisheries, there is a need for periodic assessments of fishing capacity to aid management. However, the nature and quantity of data needed to apply conventional methodologies for estimating fishing capacity are not usually available for tuna fisheries. We discuss simple alternative approaches to estimate fishing capacity and related quantities (i.e. capacity utilization, excess capacity, and overcapacity) directly from stock assessment inputs and outputs that are usually available for most tuna (and many other) stocks. Sensitivity analyses are performed to assess the effect of different levels of data aggregation and different assumptions made during the stock assessments on estimates of fishing capacity. Main advantages and disadvantages of the proposed methodologies are also illustrated using stock assessment information from different tuna stocks with different historical developments and trends in fishing mortality.

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Jamnia, Abdul Rashid, Ahmad Ali Keikha, Mahmoud Ahmadpour, Abdoul Ahad Cissé, and Mohammad Rokouei. "Applying bayesian population assessment models to artisanal, multispecies fisheries in the Northern Mokran Sea, Iran." Nature Conservation 28 (August 13, 2018): 61–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.28.25212.

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Small-scale fisheries substantially contribute to the reduction of poverty, local economies and food safety in many countries. However, limited and low-quality catches and effort data for small-scale fisheries complicate the stock assessment and management. Bayesian modelling has been advocated when assessing fisheries with limited data. Specifically, Bayesian models can incorporate information of the multiple sources, improve precision in the stock assessments and provide specific levels of uncertainty for estimating the relevant parameters. In this study, therefore, the state-space Bayesian generalised surplus production models will be used in order to estimate the stock status of fourteen Demersal fish species targeted by small-scale fisheries in Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran. The model was estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and Gibbs Sampling. Model parameter estimates were evaluated by the formal convergence and stationarity diagnostic tests, indicating convergence and accuracy. They were also aligned with existing parameter estimates for fourteen species of the other locations. This suggests model reliability and demonstrates the utility of Bayesian models. According to estimated fisheries’ management reference points, all assessed fish stocks appear to be overfished. Overfishing considered, the current fisheries management strategies for the small-scale fisheries may need some adjustments to warrant the long-term viability of the fisheries.

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Kanaiwa, Minoru, Yong Chen, and Carl Wilson. "Evaluating a seasonal, sex-specific size-structured stock assessment model for the American lobster, Homarus americanus." Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 1 (2008): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07121.

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Many models of different complexities are developed for fisheries stock assessment, and yet few have been rigorously evaluated for their performance in capturing fisheries population dynamics. This causes confusion about when a model should be used or not in assessing fisheries resources. This is especially true for models with complex structures. The present study evaluated the performance of a seasonal, sex-specific and size-structured stock assessment model with respect to the temporal pattern of recruitment, observation errors associated with input data, process errors and violation of model assumptions for the American lobster Homarus americanus. Using an individual-based lobster simulator, a series of lobster fisheries with different characteristics were simulated and the model was applied to the simulated data to estimate key fisheries parameters. Estimated values were then compared with the true values in the simulated fisheries to evaluate the model’s ability to capture the temporal trend in stock abundance, biomass and recruitment, and to identify factors that might result in model failure. Results show that this newly developed lobster stock assessment model performs well in capturing the dynamics of the lobster population under a wide range of conditions. Temporal trends in natural mortality and biased estimates of growth parameters posed the most serious problems. The present study shows the importance of model evaluation.

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Chen, Yong. "Quality of fisheries data and uncertainty in stock assessment." Scientia Marina 67, S1 (April 30, 2003): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2003.67s175.

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Berkson, J., K. M. Hunt, J. C. Whitehead, D. J. Murie, T. J. Kwak, and J. Boreman. "Is There a Shortage of Fisheries Stock Assessment Scientists?" Fisheries 34, no. 5 (May 2009): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446-34.5.217.

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PUNT, ANDRE E., and ANDRE E. PUNT. "Fisheries stock assessment and decision analysis: the Bayesian approach." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 7, no. 1 (1997): 35–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1018419207494.

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Francis, R. I. C. Chris. "Corrigendum: Data weighting in statistical fisheries stock assessment models." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 12 (December 2011): 2228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-165.

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Stewart, Ian J., and Steven J. D. Martell. "Reconciling stock assessment paradigms to better inform fisheries management." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 8 (April 12, 2015): 2187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv061.

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Abstract For several decades, the fisheries stock assessment paradigms of virtual population analysis (VPA) and statistical catch-at-age (SCA) models have been routinely applied to major fish stocks, and their prevalence often dictated by historical continuity, local experience, and geographical differences in standard practices. Similarly, there is a growing split among models using short and long time-series. In one approach, only the recent time-series, where the data are relatively complete, and the assumptions about stationarity in population and sampling processes are relatively simple, are included. In the other, long time-series include far more historical data, but necessitate the relaxation of many common assumptions regarding stationarity. Unlike scientific paradigms in fields outside of fisheries science where empirical validation can provide a growing body of irrefutable evidence (such as physics), there is no expectation that some “truth” will emerge or that a single best stock assessment modelling approach will ultimately displace the others. The 2013 Pacific halibut SCA stock assessment, with the addition of a VPA-based analysis, is used to illustrate how an ensemble approach can represent a more complete description of the uncertainty in management quantities, relative to selecting just one of these competing model paradigms. We suggest that risk assessment for fisheries management, based on stock assessment models, should seek to avoid binary decisions about which models to include, and instead seek better approaches to incorporate alternative models. The ensemble approach to stock assessment also provides a conceptual link between traditional “best model” analyses and fully developed management strategy evaluation of harvest policy and management procedures.

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Maunder, Mark N., and André E. Punt. "A review of integrated analysis in fisheries stock assessment." Fisheries Research 142 (May 2013): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2012.07.025.

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Hillary, R. M. "Practical uses of non-parametric methods in fisheries assessment modelling." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 7 (2012): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12031.

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The vast majority of fisheries stock assessment modelling is parametric, where specific models are assumed and fitted to data, the results of which are used to assess stock status and provide scientific advice. Often, the assumed models may not acceptably explain the data, or the data are not informative enough to estimate the parameters of even the most simple models. Using a fully inferential statistical framework, artificial neural networks were fitted to example data sets (stock-recruit, catch and relative abundance) and key assessment quantities such as maximum sustainable yield and relative biomass depletion were estimated. The combination of flexibility and statistical rigor suggests there is an as yet under-utilised role for such approaches in stock assessment, and not just in data-poor scenarios.

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Alam, G. M. Monirul, Md Nazirul Islam Sarker, Marcel Gatto, Humnath Bhandari, and Diego Naziri. "Impacts of COVID-19 on the Fisheries and Aquaculture Sector in Developing Countries and Ways Forward." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 18, 2022): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031071.

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Fish is a major source of food and nutritional security for subsistence communities in developing countries, it also has linkages with the economic and supply-chain dimensions of these countries. Burgeoning literature has revealed the adverse impacts of COVID-19 on the fisheries and aquaculture sector, which serves as the major source of income and employment for numerous people globally. This study has employed a systematic literature review of the overall impacts of COVID-19 on the fisheries and aquaculture sector in developing countries using the PRISMA approach. This study reveals that COVID-19 has posed numerous challenges to fish supply chain actors, including a shortage of inputs, a lack of technical assistance, an inability to sell the product, a lack of transportation for the fish supply, export restrictions on fish and fisheries products, and a low fish price. These challenges lead to inadequate production, unanticipated stock retention, and a loss in returns. COVID-19 has also resulted in food insecurity for many small-scale fish growers. Fish farmers are becoming less motivated to raise fish and related products as a result of these cumulative consequences. Because of COVID-19’s different restriction measures, the demand and supply sides of the fish food chain have been disrupted, resulting in reduced livelihoods and economic vulnerability. In order to assist stakeholders to cope with, adapt to, and build resilience to pandemics and other shocks, this study offers policy recommendations to address the COVID-19-induced crisis in the fisheries and aquaculture sector.

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Kozobrod, Inna, M. Pyatinsky, and Elena Vlasenko. "AZOV SEA VIMBA INDICATOR ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF FISH POPULATION IN TERMS OF LACK OF BIOLOGICAL DATA BY LBI MODEL." Fisheries 2021, no. 3 (June 7, 2021): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2021-3-68-75.

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Stock assessment of vimba population Vimba vimba (Linnaeus, 1758) in period 2015–2020 was performed by qualitative indicator method LBI (Length-Based Indicators) that allows to assess qualitative characteristics of the population and fisheries and MSY biological reference points. The indicator, qualitative approach to stock assessment was applied due to absence vimba population of stable stock-recruitment relationship (due to artificial reproduction exist), which makes impossible to apply surplus production approach to solve production equation dB/dt. LBI model was performed based on available length-weight vimba frequencies dynamics information, which allows to evaluate qualitative population characteristics and fisheries impact. Model results shows no overexploitation signals: in period 2015–2020 fisheries are carried out in maximum sustainable yield level. Indicator results according to reference points indicate no significant signals of reduction optimal length class (Lopt), small-size or large-size class. In 2016 and 2018 uncertain overexploitation of small-scale classes leads to no significant changes was underlined. In terms of biological and fisheries data lacking, LBI methods allow to perform stock assessment procedure more stable and robust then surplus or cohort approach, and output scientific advice to fisheries management.

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Lindegren, Martin, Staffan Waldo, P. Anders Nilsson, Henrik Svedäng, and Anders Persson. "Towards sustainable fisheries of the Öresund cod (Gadus morhua) through sub-stock-specific assessment and management recommendations." ICES Journal of Marine Science 70, no. 6 (May 12, 2013): 1140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst042.

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Abstract Lindegren, M., Waldo, S., Nilsson, P. A., Svedäng, H., and Persson, A. 2013. Towards sustainable fisheries of the Öresund cod (Gadus morhua) through sub-stock-specific assessment and management recommendations. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1140–1150. Fisheries management traditionally relies on stock assessments assuming discrete populations within large administrational areas. However, failing to account for sub-stock structuring may result in overestimation of the stocks' true harvest potential and unsustainable exploitation of small stock elements. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) frequently occurs in spatially segregated populations, some of which exhibit fine-scaled stock structuring within current management boundaries. Here we use the locally spawning cod stock in the Sound (“Öresund”) as a case study, and perform a sub-stock-specific assessment to evaluate biological and economic effects of managing the Sound cod as a separate stock. Our results indicate that reducing exploitation pressure, particularly through technical regulations i.e. increasing gill-net mesh sizes, would not only enhance the stock age distribution, but yield long-term net benefits to the local gill-net fishery. Furthermore, our study emphasizes the need for developing sub-stock-specific management recommendations in order to ensure the maintenance of fisheries resources in general, and the persistence of sub-stock structuring in particular.

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Begg, Gavin A., Kevin D. Friedland, and John B. Pearce. "Stock identification and its role in stock assessment and fisheries management: an overview." Fisheries Research 43, no. 1-3 (October 1999): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-7836(99)00062-4.

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Subbey, Sam. "Parameter estimation in stock assessment modelling: caveats with gradient-based algorithms." ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, no. 5 (April 18, 2018): 1553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy044.

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Abstract Using simple illustrative examples, this note highlights some of the caveats with gradient-based algorithms. This class of algorithms underpins the state-of-the-art modelling platform in fisheries science. The goal is to sound a cautionary note about an increasing trend in fisheries science, where blind faith is being invested in results obtained from algorithms that are fast, and proven to have machine precision.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Aquaculture and fisheries stock assessment'

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