Journal articles: 'April effect'

1

Qiao, X. B., K. Y. Xu, B. Li, X. Luan, T. Xia, and X. Z. Fan. "Rabbit MSTN gene polymorphisms and genetic effect analysis." Genetics and Molecular Research 13, no. 2 (2014): 2590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2014.april.8.1.

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Rincón, J. C., A. López-Herrera, and J. J. Echeverri. "Effect of two single nucleotide polymorphisms on milk yield and composition." Genetics and Molecular Research 12, no. 2 (2013): 995–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2013.april.2.15.

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Tang, S. H., J. G. Yu, J. J. Li, and J. Y. Sun. "Neuroprotective effect of ketamine on acute spinal cord injury in rats." Genetics and Molecular Research 14, no. 2 (2015): 3551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.april.17.4.

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Ren, Z. Q., W. J. Wu, W. H. Liu, R. Zheng, J. L. Li, B. Zuo, D. Q. Xu, et al. "Differential expression and effect of the porcine ANGPTL4 gene on intramuscular fat." Genetics and Molecular Research 13, no. 2 (2014): 2949–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2014.april.16.3.

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Li, J. Z., Z. Q. Tian, S. N. Jiang, and T. Feng. "Effect of variation of ABCB1 and GSTP1 on osteosarcoma survival after chemotherapy." Genetics and Molecular Research 13, no. 2 (2014): 3186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2014.april.25.3.

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Cao, X. Z., Z. R. Luo, H. M. Zhang, and J. Q. Cai. "Effect of atorvastatin on vascular endothelial function in moderately nicotine-dependent smokers." Genetics and Molecular Research 13, no. 2 (2014): 2698–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2014.april.8.13.

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Li, C. P., J. H. Li, S. Y. He, O. Chen, and L. Shi. "Effect of curcumin on p38MAPK expression in DSS-induced murine ulcerative colitis." Genetics and Molecular Research 14, no. 2 (2015): 3450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.april.15.8.

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Zhang, H., X. Zhang, X. Ding, W. Cao, L. Qu, and G. Zhou. "Effect of secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine suppression on experimental ulcerative colitis in mice." Genetics and Molecular Research 13, no. 2 (2014): 3337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2014.april.29.12.

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Qing, Z. S., X. S. Zhang, C. C. Gao, W. D. Liu, T. F. Xia, K. Wu, and L. Q. Pang. "Protective effect of ischemia preconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat liver transplantation." Genetics and Molecular Research 14, no. 2 (2015): 3018–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.april.10.12.

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Li, X. D., D. D. Yu, J. R. Lu, C. Wu, and W. X. Jin. "Effect of polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor on prognosis in osteosarcoma patients." Genetics and Molecular Research 14, no. 2 (2015): 4354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.april.30.8.

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Yan, S. T., C. X. Li, C. L. Li, J. Li, Y. H. Shao, Y. Liu, W. W. Zhong, F. S. Fang, B. R. Sun, and H. Tian. "Promotive effect of comprehensive management on achieving blood glucose control in senile type 2 diabetics." Genetics and Molecular Research 14, no. 2 (2015): 3062–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.april.10.16.

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Zhou, M. X., J. H. Fu, Q. Zhang, and J. Q. Wang. "Effect of hydroxy safflower yellow A on myocardial apoptosis after acute myocardial infarction in rats." Genetics and Molecular Research 14, no. 2 (2015): 3133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.april.10.24.

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Wang, S. Y., Z. J. Li, X. Wang, W. F. Li, and Z. F. Lin. "Effect of ulinastatin on HMGB1 expression in rats with acute lung injury induced by sepsis." Genetics and Molecular Research 14, no. 2 (2015): 4344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.april.30.7.

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Skrine, Rebecca, and Janet Brown. "Home Care Rule Will Take Effect on April 1." ASHA Leader 16, no. 3 (March 2011): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.otp.16032011.8.

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Guan, Y. X., Q. Chen, S. H. Wan, J. S. Huang, X. Q. Yang, L. J. Pan, Q. I. Zhang, et al. "Effect of different time phases of radionuclide hepatobiliary scintigraphy on the differential diagnosis of congenital biliary atresia." Genetics and Molecular Research 14, no. 2 (2015): 3862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.april.22.15.

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He, D. C., J. J. Xiao, Y. Zhang, H. Lin, X. J. Ding, and Y. Tu. "Effect of the Jianpi Bushen Prescription on the expression of SHP-1, Wnt3a, and AP-1 proteins in chemically damaged mice." Genetics and Molecular Research 13, no. 2 (2014): 3201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2014.april.25.5.

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Quinn, John, Janet Glassford, Laura Percy, Philippa Munson, Manuel Rodriguez-Justo, Teresa Marafioti, and Kwee Yong. "Proliferative Effect of APRIL On Primary Multiple Myeloma Cells Is Dictated by D-Type Cyclin Group and Translocation Status." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.124.124.

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Abstract Abstract 124 Introduction: Understanding how multiple myeloma (MM) cells proliferate and self-renew is crucial to treating resistant disease and preventing relapse. The TNF family members APRIL (A proliferation-inducing ligand) and BAFF (B-cell activating factor) are secreted in the MM bone marrow microenvironment and share two common receptors, TACI and BCMA. APRIL and BAFF and have been shown to exert a mainly anti-apoptotic effect in human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs). Little is known, however, about the proliferative effect of APRIL and BAFF on primary MM cells. Aims: We aimed to determine the effect of APRIL and BAFF on cell cycle progression in primary MM cells and on the modulation of D-type cyclins and other cell cycle proteins. Patients and Methods: We studied the effects of APRIL and BAFF on purified MM cells from 26 patients by flow-cytometry using surface CD138 / Ki67 / propidium iodide staining. A culture system was optimised in which a mean (±SEM) of 73.3±10.9% (n=23) of primary CD138+ MM cells survived for up to 3 days in vitro. D-type cyclin expression was assessed by immuno-histochemistry (IHC) ± western blotting and correlated with FISH for IgH translocations. Fourteen patients expressed cyclin D1, 4 in association with t(11;14); while 12 patients expressed cyclin D2, 1 with t(4;14) and 4 with t(14;16). TACI and BCMA expression were determined by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to determine expression and modulation of cell cycle proteins and activation of signalling pathways in vitro. Membrane-bound APRIL was detected by IHC in MM trephine biopsies. Results: In-vitro culture with APRIL for 72 hours increased the overall percentage of CD138+ cells in S+G2/M phases (S/G2M) from a mean (±SEM) of 5.5 ± 1.1% to 8.1 ± 1.5% (p<0.05). However, cyclin D2 expressing CD138+ cells demonstrated a greater response to APRIL than D1 expressing cells. In the D2 group (n=12), APRIL increased the S/G2M fraction from 8.3 ± 2.1% to 13.5 ± 2.2%, (p<0.01), while in the D1 group (n=14), proliferation was unaffected (3.0 ± 0.5%, compared with 3.1 ± 0.7% in control). Similar results were obtained when absolute numbers of CD138+ cells in S/G2M were analysed. Proliferative response to APRIL was more marked in those cases with IgH translocations (S/G2M fraction increased from 6.4±1.6% to 14.8±2.0%, p<0.001). In comparison with APRIL, BAFF had a lesser effect, increasing the S/G2M fraction in the D2 group from 8.3 ± 2.1% in control to 11.7 ± 3.5%, p=0.05). BAFF had no significant effect on proliferation in the D1 group. Results were verified by increased 3H-thymidine and bromodeoxyuridine uptake. APRIL-induced proliferation was maximal after 48-72 hours of incubation, was dose-dependent (maximal effect at 200ng/ml) and completely inhibited by TACI-Fc. In the D2 group, proliferation in response to APRIL was accompanied by increased expression of cyclin D2, cdk4, cdk6 and phospho-pRB by western blotting. In contrast, in the D1 group, neither cyclin D1 nor other cell cycle regulators was affected by APRIL. Proliferative response to APRIL was accompanied by increased expression of phospo-PKB. APRIL-induced proliferation showed a positive correlation with TACI expression (p<0.01), but not with BCMA. In contrast to the cell cycle effect, APRIL had no significant effect on survival of primary CD138+ cells either in D2 or D1 groups (viable cell number was 91±22%, and 129±18% of control respectively). IHC revealed the presence of membrane-bound APRIL on MM cells in BM sections from both D1 and D2 patients. IHC was used to examine expression of cell cycle regulators in vivo. In 5 cases where cyclin D1 expression was associated with proliferation, ie phospho-pRb expression, strong expression of cdk6 was seen, with weaker expression of cdk4. Expression of cyclin D2 was always accompanied by phospho-pRb expression (n=5), with strong expression of both cdk4 and -6 in 3, and just cdk6 in 2. Conclusions: APRIL stimulates the proliferation of cyclin D2 expressing primary MM cells, in particular those associated with known IgH translocations, but has minimal effect on cells expressing cyclin D1. These findings suggest that MM cells from different cyclin D/translocation classes rely on different stimuli for proliferation and cell-cycle re-entry. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Liu, J. P., Q. Y. Wang, F. Zheng, J. H. Lu, P. Ge, Y. J. Gu, and X. G. Sun. "Effect of MPO/H2O2/NO- system on nitric oxide-mediated modification of TTR amyloid and serum TTR in FAP ATTR Val30Met patients." Genetics and Molecular Research 13, no. 2 (2014): 2368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2014.april.3.9.

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19

Bell, Neil C., Bernadine C. Strik, and Lloyd W. Martin. "Effect of Primocane Suppression Date on `Marion' Trailing Blackberry. I. Yield Components." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 1 (January 1995): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.1.21.

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Primocanes of `Marion' trailing blackberry plants (Rubus spp.) were suppressed by cutting them off at ground level in either late April, May, June, or July 1991 and 1992. A control was included in which primocanes were not cut. Four canes per plant were trained in either August or February, with all other canes being removed and measured. Yield data were collected in 1992 and 1993, after which yield components were measured. Cane diameter was greatest for unsuppressed plants and declined with later primocane removal date. Cane length was greatest for unsuppressed and April-suppressed plants. Internode length decreased and main cane percent budbreak increased with later suppression date. Cane number and total main cane length per plant were increased in April-, May-, and June-suppressed plants in 1992 and for April- and June-suppressed plants in 1993. Consequently, yield of April-suppressed plants exceeded that of unsuppressed plants in 1992. Yield of April-, May-, and June-suppressed plants exceeded that of unsuppressed plants in 1993. August-trained plants yielded 46% more than February-trained plants, primarily because of higher percent budbreak on main canes. August-trained plants also produced longer canes with more nodes and a greater number of fruit per main cane lateral.

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20

Gusta, L. V., E. N. Johnson, N. T. Nesbitt, and K. J. Kirkland. "Effect of seeding date on canola seed quality and seed vigour." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-100.

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Seedling vigour is a key critical component to produce well-established canola (Brassica napus) seedlings under less than ideal conditions in western Canada. Our objective was to determine if seed lots from late October (fall) or early spring (April) seeding dates improve seed vigour relative to mid-May (May) seeding dates. We compared seed size, seed maturity, germination percentage, and seedling emergence under controlled-environment conditions from six seed lots obtained from fall-sown (1997, 1998), April-sown (1998, 1999) and May-sown canola (1998, 1999) cv. Quest. On average, 80% of fall-derived seed for both years was larger than 1.7 mm compared to only 32% for May-derived canola seed. April-derived seed was intermediate. Fall and April derived seed were considered 40% mature compared to 16% for May-derived seed. In germination tests at 8°C, May derived seed germinated and emerged slower with a lower total germination percentage compared to falland April-derived seed lots. Priming reduced differences in emergence between the seed lots. Field studies at Scott, SK, sown in the fall of 1999 and 2000, and in early May of 2000 demonstrated that seed derived from fall- and April-sown canola produced higher plant densities, higher biomass at bolting, and higher seed yield than seed derived from May-sown canola. Yield was 10 to 45% less from seed derived from May-sown canola than seed derived from fall- and April-sown canola. This study established the impact of seeding date on seed quality and vigour, which in turn affected emergence, seedling vigour and yield. Also, seed vigour slowly declined within 1 yr, primarily with seed derived from the May-sown canola. Key words: Canola, Brassica napus, vigour (seed), seeding (fall), emergence, yield (quality)

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21

Satterfield, Lisa. "Billing Edits for Auditory Processing Disorder In Effect April 1, 2012." ASHA Leader 17, no. 5 (April 2012): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.bml.17052012.3.

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Sukjamnong, S., and R. Santiyanont. "Effect of Fimbristylis ovata on receptor for advanced glycation end-products, proinflammatory cytokines, and cell adhesion molecule level and gene expression in U937 and bEnd.3 cell lines." Genetics and Molecular Research 14, no. 2 (2015): 3984–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.april.27.13.

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Majumder, Ahmad Kamruzzaman, Abdullah Al Nayeem, Mahmuda Islam, William S. Carter, Razib Razib, and SM Munjurul Hannan Khan. "Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Air Quality: Evidence from South Asian Megacities." Environment and Natural Resources Journal 19, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/19/2020230.

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Anthropogenic activities were greatly restricted in many South Asian cities during the COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease-2019) pandemic creating an opportunity to observe source reduction of air pollutants. This study analyzed the change in columnar nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5, aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm) in five megacities of South Asian countries (Delhi, Dhaka, Kathmandu, Kolkata, and Lahore) from April 1 - May 31 over the previous three years (2018-2020). The Dutch-Finnish Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) provided satellite-based daily tropospheric columnar NO2 values for this study. Ground-based hourly PM2.5 data were collected from the World's Air Pollution: Real-time Air Quality Index Project. The study observed a decrease of tropospheric columnar NO2 in selected cities in 2020 compared to 2018 and 2019 from April 1 - May 31. The mean daily reading of PM2.5 was 36.56% and 45.44% less in Delhi; 12.67% and 23.46% less in Dhaka; in Kathmandu 28.32% and 37.42% less; in Kolkata 41.02% less in 2020 than 2018 and 34.08% less in 2019 during April 1 - May 31. The PM2.5 was 44.26% less in 2020 than in 2019 during April 9 - May 31 in Lahore. The daily mean difference in concentration during April 1 - May 31, 2018-2020 was significantly lower at α=0.01 level for both pollutants. Introducing appropriate mitigation measures would provide safer environments and reduce future air pollution in South Asian cities.

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Dhake, Sarah, Jessica Folk, Adam Haag, Polina Imas, Loretta Au, and Ernest Wang. "COVID-19 hospital designation: Effect on emergency department patient self-selection and volume." Journal of Hospital Administration 9, no. 5 (October 12, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v9n5p14.

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Objective: Combating Coronavirus 2019 has stretched hospital resources to the extreme. In an effort to cohort personnel and equipment, NorthShore University HealthSystem (NSUHS) designated Glenbrook Hospital (GBH) as our “COVID hospital”, which became public knowledge on April 6, 2020. We hypothesize that with this public declaration our emergency department (ED) total volumes and COVID-19 related visits would be affected.Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of our total ED volumes and COVID-19 related ED visits from March 12, 2020 until April 30, 2020. The pre public declaration timeframe of March 12-April 5, 2020 acted as our control whereas the post-public declaration acted as the testing group (April 6-April 30, 2020). NSUHS four primary hospitals were included in the analysis. We ran a chi-squared analysis on both groups to determine if there was statistical significance.Results: Both total ED volumes and COVID-19 related ED visits, when comparing pre VS post-public declaration of GBH as the “COVID hospital”, showed statistical significance (p < .001). Three of the four hospitals had a decrease in total ED volumes, whereas the COVID-19 related ED visits increased at two hospitals and decreased at the others.Conclusions: Our results support our hypothesis that after the public declaration of Glenbrook Hospital as the “COVID hospital”, patients’ decision making regarding which ED to visit was significantly affected. Certain limitations, including socioeconomic status and a small geographical footprint of NSUHS, may have affected our results. Further work should be done to reproduce these results to ensure replication.

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Regmi, Rajendra, Sujata Poudel, Ram Chandra Regmi, and Jiban Shrestha. "Effect of Sowing Dates and Nitrogen Levels on Popula-tion of Okra Jassids (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida)." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research 3, no. 2 (July 28, 2020): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/injar.v3i2.3919.

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Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench) is one of the most important vegetable crops grown in Nepal. The crop is susceptible to various insect pests of which jassids (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida.) is most predominant which reduces production and deteriorates seed quality of okra. A field study was conducted at Horticulture Farm, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal to elucidate the effect of sowing date and nitrogen levels on the population and damage of jassids from April to September 2018. Three levels of nitrogen (100, 200 and 300 kg N ha-1) and five sowing dates (8th April, 20th April, 2nd May, 14th May and 26th May, 2018) were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that the highest damage score was recorded in okra which was sown on 8th April (2.39) followed by 20th April (2.31) and 2nd May (1.26). The highest damage score of jassids was obtained with the use of nitrogen at the rate of 200 kg ha-1 (1.94) followed by 300 kg/ha (1.72) and 100 kg ha-1 (1.54). Mean population of jassids was maximum with okra sown on 20th April (29.91) and minimum with okra sown on 26th May (6.95). This study showed that late planting i.e. 26th May and applying low level of nitrogen i.e. 100 kg N ha- 1is an effective approach for reducing the jassids population and its damage in okra.

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Peter, Arendas. "The Halloween effect on the agricultural commodities markets." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 63, No. 10 (October 11, 2017): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/45/2016-agricecon.

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The financial markets are impacted by various seasonal anomalies. One of the best known of them is the Halloween effect. The Halloween effect means that the summer period (May–October) asset returns are lower compared to the winter period (November–April) asset returns. In the paper, price series of 20 major agricultural commodities over the 1980–2015-time period are tested for the presence of the Halloween effect. The data show that 15 out of the 20 commodities recorded a higher average winter period than summer period returns and in 10 cases, the differences are statistically significant. The data also show that out of the 5 commodities with higher summer period returns, only in the case of poultry the differences are statistically significant.

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Hibbert-Frey, Haley, John Frampton, Frank A. Blazich, and L. Eric Hinesley. "Grafting Fraser Fir (Abies fraseri): Effect of Grafting Date, Shade, and Irrigation." HortScience 45, no. 4 (April 2010): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.4.617.

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Grafting fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] scions onto rootstocks of turkish fir (Abies bornmuelleriana Mattf.) is a strategy used by some Christmas tree growers in the southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina to reduce losses by phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. This study compared the traditional time of grafting (April) with eight summer/early fall grafting dates from mid-July through mid-October. Shade and irrigation treatments were also superimposed on the grafting dates. To ensure optimal grafting success, grafting should be performed in the late winter/early spring (April) when scions are dormant and the rootstocks are becoming active. April graft success was 95% but when grafting fresh scions in summer/fall, graft success decreased from 52% in July to 0% in October. Shade improved summer graft success (52% with, 38% without). Irrigation did not significantly affect graft success or subsequent growth. In a supplemental storage study, grafting of stored scion material in summer/early fall was not successful (less than 1%).

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Quinn, John, Janet Glassford, Laura Percy, Philippa Munson, Teresa Marafioti, Manuel Rodriguez-Justo, and Kwee Yong. "APRIL promotes cell-cycle progression in primary multiple myeloma cells: influence of D-type cyclin group and translocation status." Blood 117, no. 3 (January 20, 2011): 890–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-01-264424.

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Abstract A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) promotes survival and drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines. We studied the effect of APRIL on cell-cycle behavior in primary MM cells and correlated our findings with D-type cyclin expression by immunohistochemistry and/or Western blotting. In MM cases, expressing cyclin D2 APRIL significantly increased the percentage of CD138+ cells in S + G2/M phase (from 8.4% ± 1.9% to 14.3% ± 2.6%, n = 15, P < .01), whereas a lesser effect was seen in cases expressing cyclin D1 (n = 18). Cell-cycle response to APRIL was most marked for cyclin D2-expressing cases with IgH translocations (P < .01) and was accompanied by increased expression of cyclin D2, CDK4, CDK6, and phospho-retinoblastoma protein. Cell-cycle proteins in cyclin D1+ cells were not modulated by APRIL. Surface expression of B-cell maturation antigen and transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor was not significantly different between cyclin D1+ and D2+ MM cells. We observed activation of nuclear factor-κB and PI3-kinase pathways in response to APRIL in both cyclin D1+ and D2+ MM cells. In conclusion, APRIL stimulates G1/S progression in cyclin D2+ MM cells bearing IgH translocations but has minimal effect on cyclin D1+ cells, suggesting MM cells from different cyclin D/translocation classes rely on different mechanisms for cell-cycle re-entry.

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Harhar, Hicham, Said Gharby, Yousra El Idrissi, Daniel Pioch, Bertrand Matthäus, Zoubida Charrouf, and Mohamed Tabyaoui. "Effect of maturity stage on the chemical composition of argan fruit pulp." OCL 26 (2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2019012.

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Argan tree, a species endemic to Southern Morroco, is well known for its kernel oil used in cosmetics and health-food, but the corresponding pulp attracted less interest from researchers and little is known about its chemical composition and evolution during maturation. The pulp of argan fruits monthly harvested during the ripening period based on fruit color (April to July), was analyzed. With progressing ripeness various changes were observed in the chemical composition, such as (i) a four-fold increase of total soluble sugars content (glucose, fructose and saccharose), and of Fe (75–165 ppm), but also (ii) a drop of many components, such as proteins (10.1–6.4%), and cell wall polymers, lignin (14.9–5.9%) and hemicellulose and cellulose. Hexane-soluble compounds found in substantial amount (10.7% in April) also decreased with time: the pulp oil peak (8.3%) was in April and June, and that of polyisoprene in June (3.6%). Therefore the stage of maturity (harvest date) is to be considered, without affecting the quality of the argan oil.

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Rodriguez-Ramos, Miguel Alejandro. "Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Performance Measures in Acute Myocardial Infarction." Kardiologiia 61, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2021.3.n1496.

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Objective To assess performance measures of attention of STEMI in Coronary Intensive Care Unit in General Hospital Camilo Cienfuegos.Methods Admitted patients with STEMI, from February-April 2020, were compared with patients from similar period from 2015–2019, and patients from January 2019 to January 2020. Primary endpoint were performance measures according to the 2017 AHA / ACC Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Adults with STEMI document, and secondary endpoint were all-cause in-hospital mortality and major acute coronary events.Results Only 35 patients were admitted from February-April 2020. When comparing with similar periods from recent years, in-hospital death (8.3 % vs. 20 %; p=0.03), major complications (38.7 % vs. 57.1 %; p=0.03), and cardiogenic shock (6.9 % vs. 17.4 %; p=0.04) were significantly higher. When comparing with 2019 and January 2020, in-hospital death (9.6 %; p=0.04), and major complications (35.8 % p=0.03) were significantly higher in February-April 2020; however, there was no difference in prevalence of cardiogenic shock (8 %; p=0.12).Conclusion COVID-19 pandemic had decreased prevalence of STEMI, as well as some performance measures of attention in this center.

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Lubojacký, J., and J. Holuša. "Effect of insecticide-treated trap logs and lure traps for Ips typographus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) management on nontarget arthropods catching in Norway spruce stands." Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 1 (January 30, 2014): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/62/2013-jfs.

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The numbers of nontarget arthropods captured by Theysohn pheromone traps (TPTs) and insecticide-treated tripod trap logs (TRIPODs) were compared; both kinds of traps were baited with pheromone lures Pheagr IT for Ips typographus. In 2010, 15 TPTs and 15 TRIPODs were deployed (with a 10-m spacing) in a forest in the northeastern Czech Republic. The TPTs and TRIPODs were inspected weekly during the entire period of I. typographus flight activity (30 April–1 October). The TRIPODs were sprayed with Vaztak 10 SC insecticide every 7 weeks; at each spraying, the pheromone evaporators were renewed. Higher numbers of entomophagous arthropods, including the predacious beetles Thanasimus formicarius and T. femoralis, were captured by the TRIPODs than by the TPTs. The number of Thanasimus spp. captured by TRIPODs was especially high at the end of April. The efficacy of TRIPODs for the control of I. typographus could be maintained while the kill of nontarget organisms could be reduced by deploying the evaporators 1 week later (in early May rather than in late April) in relation to the recommended date of dispenser installation.  

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Alguthmi, Mosab, Mahmoud Alshanqiti, Mohammed Almansour, Mohammed Saeed Alqahtani, Muhannad Asiri, and Saeed Alzahrani. "Effect of COVID 19 Pandemic on Stroke Care and Admission - Single Centre Study." Journal of Neurological Research and Therapy 3, no. 3 (January 8, 2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2470-5020.jnrt-20-3686.

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Background By the start of year 2020, the whole world was attacked by a rapidly spreading epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) which later was classified by WHO as Pandemic. some physicians reported multiple neurological manifestations including cerebrovascular strokes in patients with severe infection. Aim to assess the incidence of admitted stroke cases during 2019 in comparison to 2020 during COVID-19 pandemic in King Fahd Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Methodology A record based retrospective comparative study was conducted by reviewing all medical records for patients who admitted with stroke at King Fahd Hospital during March and April 2019 and March and April 2020. All data were extracted from patients’ medical files included personal data, nationality, date of admission, and stroke related data. Results The study included 121 patients whose ages ranged from 33 to 98 years with mean age of 59.9 years. At March 2019, there were 45 cases compared to 26 in March 2020. In April 2019 there were 20 admitted stroke cases compared to 30 in April 2020. Regarding clinical features of admitted stroke cases, Table 3 illustrates that 36.9% of stroke cases in 2019 were small vessel stroke compared to 58.9% of 2020 cases. Conclusions & Recommendations In conclusion, the study revealed there was no recorded significant change in the trend of admitted cases with stroke before and during COVID-19 pandemic.

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Ahn, Eun Jin, Jeong Wook Lee, Hey Ran Choi, Kyoung Woo Kim, Si Ra Bang, and Hyun Jung Kim. "Analgesic Effect of Pre-Emptive Gabapentin on Knee Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Surgery 102, no. 11-12 (November 1, 2017): 552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.9738/intsurg-d-15-00100.1.

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We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of preemptive oral gabapentin on postoperative analgesia after knee surgery. Gabapentin is widely known to reduce postoperative pain scores and opioid requirements following a variety of surgeries. We searched MEDLINE (January 1, 1976 to April 30, 2014), EMBASE (January 1, 1985 to April 30, 2014), the Cochrane Library (January 1, 1987 to April 30, 2014), and KoreaMed (June 1, 1958 to April 30, 2014). A total of 225 patients in 4 studies were included in the study. The overall pooled results from meta-analysis demonstrated that compared with placebo, pre-emptive analgesia could significantly reduce the postoperative pain score [mean difference (MD) −6.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) −10.17 to −2.42; P = 0.001; random-effect model]. The subgroup analyses found that gabapentin significantly reduced the postoperative pain score in patients who underwent general anesthesia (MD, −17.82; 95% CI, −21.82 to −13.81; P = 0.47; fixed-effect model). The subgroup analyses could not clarify the effectiveness of gabapentin on reducing postoperative pain in patients who underwent regional anesthesia (MD, 2.43; 95% CI, −1.14 to 6.00; P = 0.78; fixed-effect model). Pre-emptive gabapentin reduced early postoperative pain scores. However, it was unclear whether gabapentin reduces postoperative pain score in the setting of regional anesthesia or multimodal analgesic regimen.

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Hao, Yunfeng, Renchi Yang, and Zeping Zhou. "Aberrant Expression of a Proliferation-Inducing Ligand Underlies Autoimmune Mechanisms in Immune Thrombocytopenia." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 3763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-111743.

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Abstract Background: Immunological thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by accelerated platelet destruction and suboptimal platelet production. The proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL or TNFSF13), a member of the TNF superfamily, is structurally and functionally related to the TNF family of B cell activating factors (BAFF, TNFSF13b) and has been shown to regulate lymphocyte survival by interacting with its receptors. And activation. Transmembrane activators and calcium regulate cyclophilin ligand interactors (TACI) and B cell mature antigens (BCMA). APRIL is secreted by various cells as soluble factors, including inactive B cells, T cells, monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells, as well as epithelial cells, osteoclasts and megakaryocytes. Recent studies have shown that APRIL not only participates in normal immune responses, but also plays an important role in the establishment and/or maintenance of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Aims: Based on the relationship between APRIL, which promotes proliferation and regulates immunity, and the development of autoimmunity, we hypothesize that APRIL may play a role in the pathogenesis of ITP. Methods:1. The EDTA anticoagulated whole blood was collected, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were separated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. The APRIL levels on the surface of T cells, B cells, DC cells and platelets were detected by flow cytometry.Detection of plasma APRIL levels in patients with ITP by ELISA.Real time quantitative PCR were used for detecting the level of APRIL and its receptors BCMA and TACI from PBMC of healthy controls and ITP patients.Use soluble APRIL or BLyS protein and APRIL inhibitors to examine the effect of APRIL inhibition on IL-10 secretion by B cells. Flow cytometry and intracellular staining were used to evaluate B10 cells. Resoult: 1. The APRIL on the platelet surface of patients with ITP was significantly lower than that of the normal control group (p<0.01). In the ITP patients of 10 patients with complete remission, the content of APRIL on the platelet surface was significantly increased after treatment (p=0.02), and there was no significant change in the treatment-ineffective group. . The levels of APRIL and its receptors BCMA and TACI on B cells and DC cells in ITP patients were higher than those in normal controls, and the difference was statistically significant. APRIL is not expressed on CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells.The expression of APRIL mRNA in PBMNCs was significantly higher in ITP patients than in the normal control group (p <0.01). There was no difference in BCMA and TACI expression in PBMNC of ITP patients compared to normal controls.Plasma APRIL levels were significantly higher in ITP patients than in the normal control group, p = 0.04, and negatively correlated with platelet count, p = 0.029.In 10 patients with ITP, the percentage of CD19 + B cells remained similar between patients, and the results showed that the amount of B10 cells in the medium supplemented with APRIL was greater than that of B10 cells containing BLyS and control medium (p<0.01; p= 0.01), and the use of APRIL inhibitors resulted in a decrease in B10 cells. Conclusion: Our study shows that aberrant expression of APRIL is involved in the autoimmune response of ITP, and the effect of treatment can be assessed by measuring changes in the level of APRIL on the platelet surface. We also speculate that APRIL inhibits, rather than promotes, an immune-mediated inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of ITP. Our current observations support that the immunomodulatory effects of APRIL may be due, at least in part, to stimulation of IL-10 producing B cells. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Guadagnoli, Marco, Fiona C. Kimberley, Uyen Phan, Katherine Cameron, Paul M. Vink, Hans Rodermond, Eric Eldering, Arnon P. Kater, Hans van Eenennaam, and Jan Paul Medema. "Development and characterization of APRIL antagonistic monoclonal antibodies for treatment of B-cell lymphomas." Blood 117, no. 25 (June 23, 2011): 6856–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-01-330852.

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Abstract APRIL (A proliferation-inducing ligand) is a TNF family member that binds two TNF receptor family members, TACI and BCMA. It shares these receptors with the closely related TNF family member, B-cell activating factor (BAFF). Contrary to BAFF, APRIL binds heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), which regulates cross-linking of APRIL and efficient signaling. APRIL was originally identified as a growth promoter of solid tumors, and more recent evidence defines APRIL also as an important survival factor in several human B-cell malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). To target APRIL therapeutically, we developed two anti–human APRIL antibodies (hAPRIL.01A and hAPRIL.03A) that block APRIL binding to BCMA and TACI. Their antagonistic properties are unique when compared with a series of commercially available monoclonal anti–human APRIL antibodies as they prevent in vitro proliferation and IgA production of APRIL-reactive B cells. In addition, they effectively impair the CLL-like phenotype of aging APRIL transgenic mice and, more importantly, block APRIL binding to human B-cell lymphomas and prevent the survival effect induced by APRIL. We therefore conclude that these antibodies have potential for further development as therapeutics to target APRIL-dependent survival in B-cell malignancies.

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Corkran, J. R., W. E. J. Henson, and G. A. Kerr. "The effect of perennial ryegrass sowing date on endophyte presence and dry matter yield." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 77 (January 1, 2015): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2015.77.453.

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The effect of perennial ryegrass sowing date on dry matter (DM) yield and endophyte presence in the resultant pasture was investigated in 2014. 'Trojan' perennial ryegrass with NEA2 endophyte was sown on three separate occasions (20 February, 20 March and 27 April 2014) into a Kaipaki peat loam soil in a replicated plot trial on a dairy farm near Cambridge, Waikato. The first two sowings were in dry conditions and neither showed any sign of germination until after 45 mm of rainfall on 4 April (43 days and 15 days after sowing, respectively). Endophyte infection in established plots was measured on 17 December 2014. Yield was also measured from sowing until no difference was seen between treatments, in October 2014. Percentage endophyte infection was not affected by sowing date. Establishment was significantly faster in the February and March sowings, prior to rain, and these produced ca. 2 t DM/ha more than the April sowing giving an estimated total profit advantage of $646/ha. Keywords: endophyte, Epichloë festucae var. lolii (formerly Neotyphodium lolii), perennial ryegrass, Lolium, seed storage, sowing date, NEA2

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Panicker, Girish K., and Frank B. Matta. "Effect of ABA and Paclobutrazol on Cold Hardiness of Blueberries." HortScience 33, no. 4 (July 1998): 601f—602. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.4.601f.

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Growth regulators ABA and paclobutrazol were used at different concentrations to induce hardiness in blueberry flower buds and floral parts. Critical freezing temperatures and the effectiveness of the treatments were determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA), electrolyte leakage, visual browning, and tetrazolium staining. Treatment effects of growth regulators were nonsignificant on whole flower buds, but treatments induced hardiness in floral parts on the second flush of flowers at stage six produced in April. Induction of cold hardiness by ABA and paclobutrazol was concentration dependent. The higher the concentration, the greater the response. Viability test results on each floral part showed a close relationship with the critical freezing temperatures recorded by DTA. Control treatments showed that floral parts at stage six developed in April were more prone to freezing injury compared to floral parts at stage six developed in early March.

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Bakker, Jeroen, Maurice Habraken, John Dulos, Yu-Tzu Tai, Andrea Van Elsas, Paul Vink, and Hans Eenennaam. "Bion-1301 Blocks APRIL-Induced Anti-Apoptotic Signaling, Immune Suppressive Phenotype, and Chemokine Production Associated with Multiple Myeloma." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-117726.

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Abstract A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) is produced by multiple accessory and myeloid cells in the bone marrow niche. Through binding to its receptors B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI), APRIL plays an important role in the development and maintenance of cells derived from the B cell lineage. Both APRIL and its receptors have been identified as promotors of multiple myeloma (MM), a disease that is characterized by malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. We have shown that BION-1301, a first-in-class APRIL-targeting humanized antibody, blocks APRIL-induced effects on MM cell survival and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite recent approval of new therapies for MM, this type of cancer remains incurable as patients relapse and eventually become refractory to the current therapeutic regimens. We hypothesize that the presence of high levels of APRIL in the bone marrow of patients with MM establishes a protected environment favoring tumor cell survival and proliferation. The effects of APRIL were studied on tumor cell lines alone or in co-culture with osteoclasts, which are thought to produce APRIL in the bone marrow niche. We further hypothesize that engaging APRIL with BION-1301 sensitizes MM cells for other MM-targeting therapeutic agents. First, stimulation of MM cells with APRIL led to rapid phosphorylation of proteins in the NFκB pathway, that was completely blocked by the BION-1301 parental antibody hAPRIL.01A. In addition, by validating expression of known NFκB target genes, APRIL appears to protect MM cells from drug-induced toxicity by upregulation of anti-apoptotic genes (e.g. MCL-1), since APRIL enhanced survival of MM cells that were treated with anti-MM drugs, such as dexamethasone. Importantly, addition of hAPRIL.01A blocked this pro-survival effect, highlighting the potential of BION-1301 to enhance MM sensitivity towards MM-targeting agents. We confirmed the immune suppressive potential of APRIL by showing that APRIL upregulates known immunosuppressive proteins such as IL-10 and PD-L1, indicating that BION-1301 could increase sensitivity to therapies such as daratumumab that depend on the immune system. Finally, in vitro APRIL increased secretion of the chemokines MIP-1α and MIP-1β by MM cell lines, which are known to stimulate osteoclast differentiation and activation. This suggests a positive feedback loop in which APRIL, produced mainly by osteoclasts in the bone marrow, induces chemokine production by MM cells, and these chemokines in turn stimulate osteoclasts. Importantly, when hAPRIL.01A is added to block APRIL, chemokine production drops, indicating that in addition to sensitizing MM tumor cells for drug treatment, BION-1301 also suppresses osteoclast activity. Altogether, we demonstrate in vitro that APRIL induces anti-apoptotic signaling, triggers expression of an immune suppressive phenotype, and could potentially modulate the tumor microenvironment through the production of key chemokines. Blocking APRIL with BION-1301 may dampen these effects, illustrating the potential of BION-1301, as a therapeutic agent for MM, particularly in combination therapies. BION-1301 is currently in a phase 1 clinical trial for MM. Disclosures Bakker: Aduro Biotech: Employment. Habraken:Aduro Biotech: Employment. Dulos:Aduro Biotech: Employment. Van Elsas:Aduro Biotech Europe: Employment. Vink:Aduro Biotech Europe: Employment. Eenennaam:Aduro Biotech Europe: Employment, Equity Ownership.

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Zhi, Xiaofei, Jinqiu Tao, Guoliang Xiang, Hongyong Cao, Zijun Liu, Kunxing Yang, Chengyu Lv, and Shaozhong Ni. "APRIL Induces Cisplatin Resistance in Gastric Cancer Cells via Activation of the NF-κB Pathway." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 35, no. 2 (2015): 571–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000369720.

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Background: A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) is a tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) family member and is a novel cytokine crucial in sustaining lymphocytic leukemia B cell survival and proliferation. However, its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and prognostic role of APRIL in GC. Methods: Expression of APRIL was assessed by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Prognostic role of APRIL expression was evaluated. We also discovered the effect of APRIL on chemo-resistance in GC cells and the underlying mechanisms. Results: APRIL mRNA levels were significantly increased in GC tissues compared with adjacent tissues and high expression levels of APRIL in tumor cells significantly correlated with poor overall survival in patients receiving cisplatin adjuvant treatment. Overexpression of APRIL in AGS cells significantly attenuated the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, silence of APRIL in SGC7901 cells enhanced cisplatin-induced tumor suppression. Our data further revealed that the canonical NF-κB pathway was involved in APRIL-mediated chemo-resistance. In addition, expression of APRIL was regulated by miR-145 in GC cells. Conclusion: APRIL is a novel clinical chemo-resistance biomarker for gastric cancer and might be a promising therapeutic target for GC patients.

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Ecin, Seval Müzeyyen, Adem Koyuncu, Abdulsamet Sandal, Sultan Pınar Çetintepe, Nursel Çalık Başaran, Şerife Gül Öz, and Ali Naci Yıldız. "Effect of A Brief Education On The Occupational History Taking In Hypertension Patients." Acta Medica 49, no. 4 (December 25, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32552/2018.actamedica.324.

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Objective: This study is designed to measure the effect of 10-minutes training about occupational diseases, history taking and relation of occupation and hypertension on occupational history taking rates of physicians. Materials and Methods: This research is conducted between 01 April 2018 to 31 May 2018 at Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic. The training including the importance and methods of taking occupational history, and the relation between occupation and diseases is given to the new assistant doctor group as an extra 10 minutes’ education session. At the end of May, researchers screened electronic medical files of patients who diagnosed with hypertension (ICD10 code I10) of outpatients in General Internal Medicine Division in April and May 2018. Results: We reviewed the data of 3619 adult patients administered to General Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic of Hacettepe University Hospitals in between 01 April to 31 May 2018. A total of 395 (10.9%) patients had hypertension diagnosis code. The total number of patients whose occupational history taken were 151 (38.2%). There were statistically significant difference between physician groups not trained in April and trained 10 minutes in May, 62 (32%), and 89 (44.3%), respectively (p:0.012). Among the hypertensive patients whose occupational history were recorded, 36 (23.8%) had an occupation. Conclusion: This result emphasizes the importance of education in raising awareness of taking an occupational history. As occupational diseases are 100% preventable diseases, taking occupational history will enhance the diagnosis and effective treatment of the occupational or work-related diseases. Beginning from the medical faculty lectures, seminars and post-graduate education have to be added and increased regarding this important issue. Keywords: Occupational history, occupational disease, hypertension.

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Daily, Karen C., Jack W. Hsu, Sukanthini Subbiah, Shazia Aman, Wei Hou, and John R. Wingard. "Effect of the Absolute Lymphocyte Count on Induction Chemotherapy Outcomes in Adult Patients with Acute Leukemia." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 4853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4853.4853.

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Aborisade, Abiola Titilola, and Ayodeji Adeyeye Ajibade. "Effect of prestorage curing on storage life, internal and external qualities of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 32, no. 3 (September 2010): 910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452010000300034.

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Orange fruits from two seasons, in April and August 2006 representing late 2005 and early 2006 harvests respectively were cured in hot air at 36-37(0)C to 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% weight loss before storage at 28(0)C and 86% relative humidity (RH). The fruits were observed for incidence of decay, further weight loss, juice content, firmness or softening of the peel, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acidity, and colour during storage. Curing reduced the incidence of decay. All control fruits were rotten by day 21 in August harvest while 22.5% of the control was rotten by day 56 in the April harvest. Storage life was extended beyond 56 days in fruits cured with 1, 3, 5 and 7% in April harvest as there was no decay throughout, while decay incidence in August harvest was 88.9, 61.1, 22.2 and 31.3% in 1, 3, 5 and 7% respectively. Penicillium digitatum, Phytophthora sp., Alternaria citri and Collectotrichum gloeosporioides were among decay causing moulds detected. Control fruits lost more weight during storage than cured fruits did. Fruit rind hardening was more noticed in the control and those cured to 1% weight loss, especially from the April harvest. It was insignificant in other treatments in both trials. Titratable acidity, pH, juice content and TSS were not affected by the treatment. Colour change to yellow was however retarded by curing. Curing to 5% weight loss was best for decay control and quality retention.

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Menzel, Christopher M., and Lindsay Smith. "Effect of Time of Planting and Plant Size on the Productivity of ‘Festival’ and ‘Florida Fortuna’ Strawberry Plants in a Subtropical Environment." HortTechnology 22, no. 3 (June 2012): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.22.3.330.

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The effect of time of planting and plant size on the performance of ‘Festival’ and ‘Florida Fortuna’ strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) plants was studied at Nambour in southeastern Queensland, Australia, over 2 years. The main objective of the work was to determine whether small plants yielded proportionally less than large plants as planting was delayed. First, bare-rooted transplants of ‘Festival’ were divided into small (crown diameters ranging from 6 to 10 mm) or large plants (10 to 17 mm) and planted in late March, mid-April, or late April. Second, transplants of ‘Florida Fortuna’ were divided into small (5 to 8 mm) or large plants (8 to 17 mm) and planted in early April, mid-April, or early May. The early planting for each cultivar corresponded with the time that the transplants are first available from commercial strawberry nurseries. Yields were generally greater in plants planted in late March/early April compared with plants planted later. Differences in yield between the small and large plants were consistent across the different times of planting, with the small plants always having lower yields. Small transplants are an issue for the productivity of strawberry fields in this environment whether they are planted early or late. Producers should consider paying a premium for large transplants delivered early in the season.

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Jordan, Brian S., Albert K. Culbreath, Timothy B. Brenneman, Robert C. Kemerait, and Katherine L. Stevenson. "Effect of Planting Date and Peanut Cultivar on Epidemics of Late Leaf Spot in Georgia." Plant Disease 103, no. 5 (May 2019): 990–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-18-0954-re.

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Field trials were conducted in 2015 and 2016 in Tifton, GA to determine the effects of planting dates (24 and 27 April, 4, 11, 19, and 26 May 2015; and 11, 18, and 25 April and 2, 9, and 16 May 2016), peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivar (Georgia-06G and Georgia-12Y), and seed treatment (nontreated and treated with azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, and mefenoxam) on epidemics of late leaf spot (Nothopassalora personata), plant populations, and peanut yield. Final severity and AUDPC of late leaf spot increased with later planting dates in both years. For most planting dates in 2015 and the final planting date in 2016, final leaf spot severity and AUDPC were lower for Georgia-12Y than for Georgia-06G. Seed treatment increased plant populations for the 27 April and 4 May planting dates in 2015 and across all other treatments in 2016. Yields were higher for Georgia-12Y than for Georgia-06G in both years. In 2015, yields of both cultivars decreased according to linear functions of day of year of planting date, but there was no effect of planting date on yield in 2016. The combination of early planting with Georgia-12Y shows potential utility for management of leaf spot in situations such as organic production where fungicide use is minimal.

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Gupta, Mamta, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Steven C. Ziesmer, James R. Cerhan, Stacey R. Dillon, and Anne J. Novak. "APRIL-TACI Interactions Mediate Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma B Cell Proliferation through Akt Regulated Cyclin D1 and P21." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 3585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3585.3585.

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Abstract B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a serious and frequently fatal illness. Some of the genetic changes that lead to lymphoma have been discovered, but many of the other contributing mechanistic details underlying transformation events are not yet known. Members of the TNF super-family have been shown to be key mediators in the formation and regulation of both normal and malignant cell growth. APRIL (A Proliferation Inducing-ligand), a TNF family member expressed by monocytes, macrophages, and tumor cells, stimulates B-cell NHL growth and transgenic over-expression of APRIL in mice results in B cell hyperplasia and lymphoma. The ability of APRIL to bind to TNFR related receptors, BCMA (B Cell Maturation Antigen) and TACI (Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor), and with lower affinity to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) has complicated studies to better understand APRIL mediated signaling. It has been shown that NHL cells variably express TACI and BCMA, with TACI being most predominant, however, the specific mechanisms of how APRIL induces NHL cell growth remain to be fully defined. Therefore, we sought to specifically characterize APRIL-mediated signaling events through TACI to better understand the role of this receptor-ligand interaction in B cell NHL biology. Using a TACI-expressing NHL cell line (Karpas) we found that APRIL consistently increased NHL cell proliferation, but had very little effect on cell survival. Since the PI-3K/Akt pathway has been shown to be important in regulating cell cycle progression, we explored the possibility that APRIL-TACI interactions resulted in activation of this pathway. We found that stimulation of TACI-expressing NHL cells with APRIL results in phosphorylation of Akt but had no effect on NF-kB classical pathway activation. Because APRIL can also bind to cells via proteoglycans, we also tested the ability of APRIL to activate Akt in the presence of heparin and found that APRIL-mediated Akt phosphorylation was still detectable. These results suggest that APRIL-mediated signaling occurs independent of proteoglycan binding. In addition to activating Akt, we also found that stimulation of NHL cells with APRIL resulted in up-regulation of cyclin D1 and p21, but not c-myc and p27. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway with the pharmacological inhibitor wortmannin prevented APRIL-induced proliferation as well as up-regulation of p21 and cyclin D1 levels suggesting that PI-3K kinase is required. To further substantiate the contribution of TACI in APRIL-mediated signaling, we selectively targeted TACI expression using a siRNA approach. When TACI expression was inhibited, APRIL no longer induced NHL-B cell proliferation, Akt phosphorylation or up-regulation of p21 and cyclin D1. Taken together, these studies suggest that APRIL-TACI interactions result in activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and up-regulation of cyclin D1 and p21, and help define the mechanism by which APRIL enhances B cell NHL growth. The inhibition of APRIL by blocking APRIL/receptor or interruption of downstream signaling may provide potential therapeutic option for patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.

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Batten, GD, and MA Khan. "Effect of time of sowing on grain yield, and nutrient uptake of wheats with contrasting phenology." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 6 (1987): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870881.

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Four wheat genotypes with varying vernalisation and daylength requirements were sown in the field on 5 occasions between early April and late June at Wagga Wagga and Temora, New South Wales, in 1974 and 1975. The period between sowing and heading decreased from 1068-1 324 degree-days (base temperature = 4�C) for crops sown in April to 660-841 degree-days for crops sown in late May. The genotype with the largest vernalisation response in this study (WW33G) produced the highest yields when crops were sown in early April. The cultivar Oxley, which has a small vernalisation response, produced the highest yields at almost all other sowing times. Shoot nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake did not vary consistently in relation to the time of sowing. Grain protein concentration was higher at 3 of 4 sites with early sowing and grain P concentration was always significantly higher with early sowing dates. Higher concentrations of P were associated with higher concentrations of phytate. The concentrations of N and P were negatively correlated with yield and harvest index.

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Orr, R. J., P. D. Penning, A. J. Parsons, and T. T. Treacher. "Effect of sward surface height of mixed swards of ryegrass/white clover on the intake and performance by ewes and their twin lambs." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1987 (March 1987): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600034759.

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Mixed swards of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. S23) and white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Huia) were maintained at sward surface heights (SSH) of 3 (GC3), 6 (GC6) and 9 cm (GC9) by continuous variable stocking to examine effects on sward and animal performance. In addition, a pure grass sward of S23 was kept at 6 cm (G6) and fertilized with 14 applications of 30 kg N per ha at fortnightly intervals, beginning on 25 March. The swards were sown in August 1983, cut twice in 1984, in May and June, and then grazed thereafter. Fertilizer was applied to the seedbed at 40 kg N per ha, 20 kg P205 per ha and 20 kg K20 per ha. In March 1984 and 1985, 20 kg per ha each of P205 and K2O were applied to all plots.Dry sheep grazed the paddocks (0.69 ha) to the required SSH's with grazing starting on 4 April, 9 April, 12 April and 24 April for treatments GC3, G6, GC6 and GC9, respectively. On 24 April, two days after lambing, core groups of 8 Scottish Halfbred ewes with twin lambs were put on the plots. Additional ewes, kept on swards similar to the treatment areas, were used to adjust the stocking rate to maintain the SSH's. These were measured three times each week with 200 readings per plot.

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Lawson, Andrew B., and Joanne Kim. "Space-time covid-19 Bayesian SIR modeling in South Carolina." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): e0242777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242777.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has spread across the world since the beginning of 2020. Many regions have experienced its effects. The state of South Carolina in the USA has seen cases since early March 2020 and a primary peak in early April 2020. A lockdown was imposed on April 6th but lifting of restrictions started on April 24th. The daily case and death data as reported by NCHS (deaths) via the New York Times GitHUB repository have been analyzed and approaches to modeling of the data are presented. Prediction is also considered and the role of asymptomatic transmission is assessed as a latent unobserved effect. Two different time periods are examined and one step prediction is provided. The results suggest that both socio-economic disadvantage, asymptomatic transmission and spatial confounding are important ingredients in any model pertaining to county level case dynamics.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "The effect of some environmental factors ondevelopment." Baghdad Science Journal 2, no. 2 (June 5, 2005): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2.2.182-188.

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That less duration takes larva mature into a virgin under field conditions is one day during Alguetrh from April to October and last longer to more than a day during Alguetrh from November to February and up to nine days in January when low minimum temperature to zero degreespercentage that these larvae can not be a high percentage in the field ranging from 90-100% reduced Hessian Alnsphaly 85% during the months of July and Cape

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Shirreff, George, Mufti Zubair Wadood, Rui Gama Vaz, Roland W. Sutter, and Nicholas C. Grassly. "Estimated Effect of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Campaigns, Nigeria and Pakistan, January 2014–April 2016." Emerging Infectious Diseases 23, no. 2 (February 2017): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2302.161210.

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Journal articles on the topic 'April effect'

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