Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Appropriation technologique'
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Mbang, Cécile Esperance. "Appropriation d'outils technologiques par les acteurs : le cas des entreprises du secteur financier au Cameroun." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807270.
Full textBesbes, Abir. "Contribution à la modélisation de la formation des pratiques liées à l’appropriation technologique multi-niveaux : Cas du commerce électronique dans le contexte tunisien." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ0004.
Full textThe problem of the dissonance between technology and the degree of its use and appropriation is undoubtedly complex. In the Tunisian context, e-commerce is one of the emblems of this problem. The phenomenon is complex and cannot be reduced to simple causes or simple facts. We are looking in general at how the appropriation of technology is constructed at the individual, organizational and ecosystem levels in the case of electronic commerce. To study such a phenomenon linked to complex organizations which act in a complex way in a complex environment, we combine the complexity approach and the appropriation approach. These two theoretical approaches were mobilized with the principles of intelligibility to model in a systemic way the ecosystem of e-commerce and the process of action as well as the processes of formation of practices related to technological appropriation at the individual and organizational levels.In an epistemological posture based on the multi-paradigm, we advocate methodological principles related to the construction of knowledge. Our qualitative research follows an abductive approach and is based on the plurality of methods as strategies for accessing data (multiple case studies and phenomenology) considering the diversity of the units of analysis (consumers, enterprises, experts and administrative officers). In a preliminary phase of empirical exploration, we conducted 25 non-directive interviews with Tunisian Internet users and enterprises that have already adopted e-commerce. In a later phase, we conducted 51 semi-structured in-depth interviews, 33 questionnaires, 3 non-participating observations and 4 group interviews which they incorporate the association network technique.In this case, the e-commerce ecosystem is presented not simply as an elementary unit or a global unit grouping components and actors, but as a complex unit made up of various elements, having specific qualities and others emerging and comprising antagonistic forces as well as constraints that produce inhibitions. The idea of complex unit has helped us to conceive at the same time the whole ecosystem, its various components and the relationships between them. The order and the disorder of the ecosystem have been recognized in antagonistic, complementary and competing ways. Thus, we move from a partial explanation to a holistic explanation and then to a complex explanation. Our study suggests that there is an accumulation of multi-level problems that inhibit the formation of practices related to the appropriation of e-commerce in the Tunisian context. Order is incapable of gaining ground on disorder. There are no rich and proliferating interactions of which considerable transformations can change the entire ecosystem. Entropy and negentropy at the ecosystem level are found in obstruction by a blockage in feedback and reorganization.To reduce the dissonance observed between technology and the evolution of its use and appropriation practices, we propose a managerial model made up of seven actions likely to be performing in the case of e-commerce: Think Different, reformulate strategies, strengthen transformative capacity through power, develop the interactions, establish a system of ethics, reshape the system of meaning and reinforce trust in the social space
Vigouroux-Zugasti, Eloria. "L'expérience du numérique chez les aînés : enjeux et limites du solutionnisme technologique." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30046/document.
Full textNowadays, Western societies are confronted with the ageing of their population, due to the consequences of the baby-boom and to a longer life expectancy. This context highlights the necessary attention paid to the loss of autonomy of seniors : cost and availability of retirement homes, management of dependency by family and by public policies, etc. The Silver Economy offers technological answers to these social and political problems, by developing many digital products dedicated to reducing the loss of autonomy among seniors. However, these solutions do not always seem to pay sufficient attention to the reality of elderly people. First, technologies do not seem to take into account the expectations and the needs of this population, such as the plurality of their profiles. Moreover, technologies to maintain autonomy do not seem to be adapted to their digital skills and knowledge. Finally, we can question the non democratic potential of digital technologies dedicated to health, considering their high cost whilst the number of retired people living under the poverty line has increased. In our study, we proposed a mixed approach, combining sociology and the information and communication sciences (CIS). Thus, we undertook a prospective study, whose purpose was to apprehend and to understand the current usage of digital technologies among retired people over 60 years old. Our aim was to highlight how seniors use digital devices and services, in order to verify if they are in line with the forms of technological management existing to support their autonomy. To do so, we used a qualitative methodology and surveyed 31 retired users living in Aquitaine. The results of our survey reveal totally disparate levels of digital literacy, influenced by many factors, such as age, contexts of learning, degree of sociability, biographical trajectories and self image. The use of digital technologies is deeply linked to identity processes, whether they are oriented towards biographical rupture or continuity, in relation to the past, the present and the future of the users. Technologies contribute to new forms of sociability, taking over classical ways of social bonding. Internet search practices, on the other hand, allow the user to develop a new self image. We conclude on the necessary adaptation of digital technologies to its identity appropriations of the elderly users
Codreanu, Elena. "Les Espaces Numériques de Travail dans l’enseignement primaire : le rôle de la conception et des facteurs situationnels dans l’adoption technologique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2032.
Full textThe objectif on this PhD thesis is to assess the factors involved in the acceptance of a VLE (Virtual Learning Environment), called One, in a context of primary schools in France. Within this framework, we developed a trangulated acceptancy model which associates three types of determinants : practical factors (related to the technology conception), perceptual factors (associated to users’ attitudes toward One), and situated factors related to the school activity system’s specifications. In order to assess these factors, we implemented three phases of data collection. In the first stage (Topic 1), we assessed, from usage statistics, the differences between schools that were involved in the platform’s design and those who where not. In the second stage (Topic 2), we evaluated the teachers and parents’ atitudes toward the VLE with specific one-to-one interviews and surveys. Finally, the third stage (Topic 3) was based on qualitative interviews and ethnographic analysis of activities developed by teacher, students and parents on the platform.The results attest the fact that the acceptance of VLE in primary schools is a slow process which is built step by step and achieved over several years. The collaboration between designers and teachers plays a crucial role in the future acceptance of One. The teachers and parents are globaly in favour of platform’s adoption and they show positive views on its ease of use, the facilitator role played in the communication between families and schools and concerning a better monitoring of pupils. They fear however that One could increase the length of childrens’ exposure to screens. The situated factors highlight some difficulties to integrate technologies in teachers’ everyday practices : organisational issues, class management, lack of infrastructure, increase in classes’ lenght, insuffisant pedagogical support for teachers. Nonetheless, the teachers appreciate the contribution of the platform in the development of children’s digital skills on the one hand, and in a better exploitation and recognition of childen’s knowledge and a more autonomous learning experience on theother hand
Mbang, Cécile Esperance. "Appropriation d’outils technologiques par les acteurs : le cas des entreprises du secteur financier au Cameroun." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST0052/document.
Full textThe use of technological tools in companies can creates a change in the goals expected. This work deals with how these tools are used in order to predict the technological performances of companies.To reach this objective, we have combined, firstly, a quality method which, through interviews of 13 companies' executives of Cameroonian financial sector, made it easy for us to work out a set of questions understandable by everyone. Secondly, a complementary quantity method in which 365 financial agents of Cameroon working in Douala and Yaoundé answered different questions related with the mastering of technological tools.The results obtained respect the main objective of this research work, but , however, imply that social, economic and cultural parameters are taken into account in questions on the mastering of technological tools. Contrary to what suggested in the list of documents consulted, in the Cameroonian financial sector, technological tools are used only to reach the goals fixed by the hierarchy in advance. Non expected results are due to rough and low use of tools in companies, as well as to average training level of users. Which clearly means that technological tools are not mastered in that sector.On the whole, only one aspect of performance is noted in the use of technological tools by Cameroonian financial agents, depending on the environment: speedy execution. This performance is determined by two appropriation methods, one of which tends at innovating in order to solve unpredicted problems that appear in everyday work, the other naturally acquired through experience from everyday use of tools. This research work calls on managers' attention to integrate sociological factors of organizations so as to favor their technological performance
Masselot, Cyril. "Accessibilité et qualité des systèmes d'information multimédia : transfert méthodologique et technologique." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007817.
Full textPouponneau, Clément. "Analyse de l'activité de glaciéristes dans une perspective de conception de matériel de progression pour l'escalade et la montagne : contribution à l'élaboration d'un programme de recherche technologique en ergonomie du sport." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL011/document.
Full textThe aim of the present thesis is twofold: first, it gives an overview onice climbers’ activity, based on an enactive empirical research program of cognitive anthropology, while developing a technological research program toevaluate appropriation situations and perspectives for design. The first part of this work focuses on the link between innovation and practice while identifying the relationship between the climbers and the technical object in order to build a technological research program focusing on the appropriation of objects. The second part is an epistemic work inculding two steps: a) to produce knowledge on the mediation role of ice axes for novice climbers and b) to develop design objects for the improvement of the research program. To this end, the usability of artifacts is highlighted (study 1) as well as the appropriability of artifacts (study 2) and then c) the theoretical object course of information is implemented using data from the activity subject and non-subject to pre-reflective consciousness to document the appropriation (study 3). The third section, however, seeks to bring about change and focuses to define the relevant criteria for the research program development and to improve the design
Quiguer, Stéphanie. "Acceptabilité, acceptation et appropriation des Systèmes de Transport Intelligents : élaboration d'un canevas de co-conception multidimensionnelle orientée par l'activité." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790392.
Full textLe, Goff Jean-Louis. "Savoirs et savoir-faire dans les transferts de technologie : appropriation locale des connaissances et dynamique du progrès technique." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070115.
Full textIn the research literature on technology transfers, few studies relate to the modalities of their implementation. These aspects are however essential in order to understand the control of a technical capacity at the crucial moment of its appropriation. The technological modernisation of business requires a large capacity to adapt, because the success of operation depends a priori on the technical, organisational and human means mobilised for the integration of technologies into local demands. Employing principally several cases of transfers in chile, in the telecommunications sectors and the car industry, the author shows that the evolution of the job-training capacities of receiving firms is in correlation with a dynamic of technical progress developped by rich countries. The consequences which result for actors in transfers reveal themselves to be eminently contradictory. The expansion of information technologies in the western firms is the principal factor behind a paradigmatic change in the conditions of production of goods and services. In this context, the type of knowledge which was indispensable in the past to drive the production process loses its functional importance, because automatic production systems have, in past, absorbed them. Furthermore the draconian control of conditions of production places these operational capacities in complex procedures which inhibits their development. The systematisation of the means of production and control requires, however, a symetrical flexibility of the organisation of work. The majority of latin-american firms are not yet engaged in this reforms
Brandt-Pomares, Pascale. "LES NOUVELLES TECHNOLOGIES DE L'INFORMATION ET DE LA COMMUNICATION DANS LES ENSEIGNEMENTS TECHNOLOGIQUES De l'organisation des savoirs aux conditions d'étude : didactique de la consultation d'information." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00983535.
Full textMoreiro, Leslie. "L’appropriation d’une technologie peut-elle entraîner le développement d’une compétence distribuée entre l'homme et la technologie ? Le cas de la viticulture de précision." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS380.
Full textThe aim of this work is to understand how appropriation of technology can develop a competence distributed between human and technology. We examine a particular field of study, that is precision viticulture technology. These technologies allow to characterize spatial and temporal heterogeneity of plots and to modulate wine-making practices according to vine’s needs. We have made a state of the art and some semi-structured interviews to lead to an individual and cross cases analysis of seven cases.This work rely on five research proposals: 1) Competence is a dynamic process which depend of a social judgment, carried out during activity by a subject who combine his internal resources with external and contextualized resources in order to reach an aim, realize a task.2) Competence is composed by internal and external resources of a subject and by pattern which allow to coordinate them. 3) Technology, by the way of the concept of instrument, composed by artifact and scheme can provide resources and pattern needed to competence’s implementation. 4) This can be possible thanks to appropriation, by two ways. Instrumentalization changes resources of instrument and instrumentation allows development of distributed structure which coordinates resources. 5) This highlight the socially and temporal distribution of competence and the distribution between human and technology. This distribution is possible at individual level, collective level and organizational level
Guichard, Éric. "L'internet : mesures des appropriations d'une technique intellectuelle." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0030.
Full textGuyot, Benoit. "Appropriation des technologies et gestion de la performance sportive : sujet d'étude : le rugby professionnel en France." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100103/document.
Full textThe history and institutionalisation of rugby in France has led to the establishment of a set of rules that make it possible to define, and thus make possible, the practice of rugby. These rules focus on the game, the establishment of a ranking, but also on the status of clubs and their interaction. The institutionalisation of rugby has made it possible for major changes in the way rugby is played, with the creation of federations and the transition into professionalism in 1995. After a century of resolute opposition to the idea that rugby could shift into an era of professional practice, the institutions in place finally accepted the need to change from the growing pressure from players (media, sponsors and players) to professionalise. The challenge of such a change is that rugby can finally be considered as an economic activity in its own right. Professionalisation has led to players no longer considering "rugby" in the same way. Formerly deeply rooted in amateurism, rugby has now become an essential support for a profitable entertainment product. The sports structures have adapted to professionalism by adapting their statutes but also, above all else, by defining their new business model. In analysing club strategy, maximizing sports performance is a key element, impacting the ranking institution to which the club belongs. The clubs, in an effort to optimize their business model, have gradually integrated the use of technological tools and the exploitation of the resulting data. This work attempts to analyse the factors of adoption and appropriation of technology in the context of club performance, within the elite league in France: the Top14
Guichard, Eric. "L'internet : mesures des appropriations d'une technique intellectuelle." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00294711.
Full textCes interactions entre support matériel, système de signes et psyché — comme la production d'institutions autour de l'écriture tendant à nier son statut technique — n'ont rien de révolutionnaire. En nous inspirant des travaux de Jack Goody et de Pierre Bourdieu, et à partir de l'internet, nous détaillons les relations réciproques entre l'écriture et la production scientifique.
Au fil de deux enquêtes, des chercheurs en sciences humaines témoignent de la façon dont l'édition savante électronique transforme les conditions de l'argumentation scientifique et de la diffusion de la connaissance. Le coût d'un tel engagement est élevé, intellectuellement comme socialement ; mais la compréhension des relations entre l'outillage mental, les modalités de sa transmission, et l'économie symbolique du monde universitaire, s'en trouve accrue.
Enfin, nous donnons une preuve interne de la réflexivité de l'écriture : à partir de listes produites par des centaines de milliers de personnes, et archivées par des machines, nous montrons que ces textes électroniques ne peuvent s'appréhender sans outils spécifiques, mais qu'alors, les uns et les autres donnent à voir une réalité linguistique méconnue. Nous prouvons que les études sociologiques à partir de telles archives sont non seulement réalisables, mais aussi scientifiquement pertinentes. Et les résultats obtenus invitent à questionner la dépendance des concepts des sciences sociales face aux outils de mesure et d'écriture qui, implicitement, les organisent.
Rerambyah, Florent. "Transfert de technologies et appropriation de l'outil informatique par des operateurs gabonais." Toulouse 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU20032.
Full textThis study situates itself within the framework of a trial introduction of computer to a gabon society. The carrying out of this operation termed as the transfer of technology, raises problems as the conception of this technology is incompatible with pre-computer modes of operation. This study sets out to take into account a process of appropriation of the computer tool. It is based on piaget's operational theory with reference to newell and simon, reuchlin, and vermersch. This research proposes that depending on the targets (formal or informal) which surround this tool, given perators will make use of it in different ways. On the one hand, the profile of the operators and the attitude which underlines their behaviour will influence the nature of the disturbances which confront them and the choice and cost of given strategies to resolve the latter. On the other hand, depending on the evolution of constraints linked to the work load, one notice a variation of strategy cost and a reorganisation of the working patterns. Simultaneously, there isa maintenance or non-maintenance of secondary targets with the goal of regulating the work load
Houzé, Emmanuel. "L'appropriation d'une technologie de l'information et de la communication par un groupe distant." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20140.
Full textBabineau, Louis. "L'impact de l'appropriation d'un collecticiel de travail sur le fonctionnement interne et l'efficacité des équipes de travail à durée déterminée." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8242.
Full textDiedhiou, Salif. "L’énergie électrique au Sénégal de 1887 à 1985 : transfert de technologie, appropriation et enjeu politique d’un patrimoine industriel naissant." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE4039/document.
Full textThe electrification of Senegal had already occurred in 1889, in Saint-Louis, at a time when the European cities had yet to discover all the possibilities that this great technological innovation comprised. The industry of electricity thus remained in the hands of metropolitan entrepreneurs until the end of the 1970s. During this period, the technical personnel in charge of its operating were essentially European. It is with the nationalization process launched in the seventies that, for the first time, the term “senegalisation” is coined; and, with it, the process of technology transfers to the local personnel. Electricity de France, in agreement with the State of Senegal, has conducted this task. It nevertheless took close to a century, from 1889 to 1985, for Senegal to fully seize the technology. This thesis analyzes the introduction of techniques since the colonization and both the path of electrification of Senegal, alongside the tools necessary to the transfer of the technology of electrical energy. It further mentions the patrimonial policy, and the stakes of the industrial heritage in a non-industrial country such as Senegal
Roy, Alexis. "Expertise et appropriation du risque : le cas de la commission du génie biomoléculaire. Analyse sociologique d'un dispositif d'accompagnement de l'innovation." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUEL365.
Full textGless, Henri-Jean. "Vers une conception architecturale BIM-agile : proposition d’un ensemble de pratiques collaboratives en vue d’une meilleure appropriation de la technologie BIM." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0033/document.
Full textThe question of digital transition is a key issue in architectural design. The objective of our research is to propose collaborative practices to facilitate this digital transition. We focus on so-called "agile" practices to improve communication and coordination between architects, engineers or project owner. These practices must allow these actors to exchange their architectural intentions and evaluate them while ensuring that their proposals are satisfactory concerning the client's needs. These practices consist in collaboratively filling out a book of intentions, requiring confrontations of opinions, playing a card game obliging all designers to speak out, holding short, daily meetings to explain their progress or being a coach, whose objective is to make life easier for their employees
Mabchour, Rachid. "Usages et appropriation des technologies de l’information et de la communication au Maroc : le cas du téléphone portable." Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/168347326#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textEither « developed », « emerging » or « developing », every society is under the IT influence. Among all these technologies is the mobile phone, which through its strong growth, is a challenge both for sociability studies and IT technologies uses studies. This thesis, whose central theme is devoted to NTIC in Morocco and in particular on the mobile phone, aims for exploring, through three parts divided in chapters, the direct or indirect connection existing between the use of the mobile phone and other phenomenons. This study is intended to give parts of answers to the reasons of the strong interest the Moroccan population takes in owning this media and analyse its distribution process as a technological innovation in this society. The most significant part of our study is the surveys carried out in Morocco and France. This field research makes the link between two areas in Morocco and two others in France regarding the MRE1. So, through this contribution, we detect, after the analysis of the surveys, that the use of the Mobile phone does not only result from technologies but definitely issues from multidisciplinary behaviours. It does not only rely on age, sex or social and occupational criteria but calls for the notion of «homo situs», notion which sends back to the black box, made of the the culture, language, religion and tradition of the user
Derrar, Amina Nouha. "Appropriation et usages des technologies numériques dans la pédagogie universitaire : cas de l'université algérienne." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ2016.
Full textThis research takes place in the context of the knowledge society and the nowadays need for lifelong learning and professional development. It deals with the different effects and uses of ICT in university pedagogy in general and the Algerian University in particular.Indeed, the Algerian higher education is undergoing an unprecedented modernization process with two important reforms : on the one hand, the implementation of the 2004 Bologna process and on the other hand, the challenge of the traditional practices’ evolution towards the use of digital technologies. The challenge for Algeria to strengthen its higher education system using these technologies to meet the triple challenge: respond to the annual increase of student enrolment, consolidate the professional training of the teachers, and finally, facilitate access to distance learning in particular for people living remotely from academic institutions.After a literature review of the Algerian education system and the different perceptions of digital technologies in sociology and pedagogy, we tried to understand and analyse the place of such tools in the Algerian university. This exploratory research aims at describing, How the use of digital technologies achieve the pedagogic innovation in Algerian universities? In order to address this problematic, we opted for the qualitative method through an inductive approach. We focused on the interpretation of the actors involved in the process of educational innovation in Algerian universities. To this end, we have conducted through a four years period from 2015 to 2019, semi-structured interviews of the main actors in the field, project promoters and senior managers.The study shows a low use of digital technologies for learning purposes, due to the lack of involvement on the one hand, and on the other hand, to the resistance to change among some teachers. At the same time, our results reveal the effect of the pilot digital training adapted to newly recruited teachers for pedagogical innovation and the availability of higher level of technological infrastructures at the academic institutions.Our research aims at shedding light on the pedagogic innovation and the strategic choice in the organization of the digital scheme for learning in Algerian universities, despite the difficulties of adoption and use of digital technologies
Salamanca, Lamouroux Carolina. "L’appropriation des TICE : le cas des enseignants colombiens ruraux d’anglais dans le programme Computadores Para Educar (Des ordinateurs pour enseigner)." Thesis, Lille 3, 2020. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/EDSHS/2020/2020LIL3H009.pdf.
Full textRural Colombian teachers must meet the requirements of educational policies, such as the integration and appropriation of ICT. To this end, the Colombian government project Computadores Para Educar (CPE) is deploying tablets and computers in rural schools and training teachers to integrate them into all school subjects.Some of these teachers declare that they have to use ICT to teach English without having received any training in language teaching before.How are the ICTs integrated to teach English in these educational establishments ? How do these actors appropriate ICTs ?Rural Colombian teachers must meet the requirements of educational policies, such as the integration and appropriation of ICT. To this end, the Colombian government project Computadores Para Educar (CPE) is deploying tablets and computers in rural schools and training teachers to integrate them into all school subjects.Some of these teachers declare that they have to use ICT to teach English without having received any training in language teaching before.How are the ICTs integrated to teach English in these educational establishments ? How do these actors appropriate ICTs ?This thesis aims to understand the process of appropriation of ICT by rural Colombian teachers responsible for teaching English. The proposed conceptual framework articulates the contributions of the sociology of uses and Rabardel's instrumental approach. Based on a qualitative study, the data collected an analyze the personal and professional uses of teachers while emphasizing factors that facilitate the identification of the uses in all their complexity such as : the socio-cultural reality of rural areas and the differences between rural and urban areas. Direct observation conducted with 17 teachers thus results in a realm of uses of ICT and a plurality of forms of appropriation. Certain realities, sometimes hidden from the teaching profession, are highlighted by showing their impact on the appropriation of the ICT in education and provide paths tracks for the conception of a training course on ICT in education adapted to the needs of the Colombian rural school sphere
Jennewein, Klaus Christoph. "Intellectual property management in multinational corporations : a study of the role of patents and complementary brand equity in the appropriation of investments in research and development." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0945.
Full textSchaming, Claire. "L'Espace Numérique de Travail : outil de suivi de l'élève et/ou dispositif de médiatisation de la relation Ecole/Famille." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAG047.
Full textThe Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) is part of the day-to-day life of the members of the secondary educational community in France. Parents, students and secondary school staff use it daily as a tracking tool for children-pupils. This study deals with the VLE’s place in the school-family relationship in two secondary schools. Through the analysis of two specific modules, the « online homework calendar » and the « pupils’ marks » module, we’ve tried to assess their so-called « co-educational stance », both on parents and teachers, as well as their influence on the schools’ internal educational policies. We are also offering suggestions so that both parents and schools use this tool as an educational collaborative platform
Aziz, Hanane. "L’Évaluation des déterminants de l’acceptation des technologies de l’information et de la communication dans les hôtels de luxe de la ville de Marrakech." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0011.
Full textAcquiring a new Information Technology System (IT) is no longer a strategic issue; rather, it’s the general attitude towards the IT System that determines the extent of efficiency and benefits an organization realizes by implementing it. The Assessment of the performance and impact of IT Systems on organizations, has become of great interest to the Business Administration Management sciences. Also, It is of a major concern for companies leaders (KALIKA 2000; M Tahir Jan, Johan W de Jager, Alileche Ameziane, Naheed Sultan 2019).The use of IT is gradually spreading throughout the entire value chain of the company. However, their level of acceptance varies from country to country and from sector to another. In addition, the optimal implementation of ITs faces multiple difficulties:- technical: in particular to meet interoperability needs and to ensure sufficient control by users;- economical: in terms of investment; - behavioural in terms of stakeholder resistance.Thus, accelerating the process of acceptance and improvement in its use, involves identifying the factors that predict this process. In Morocco, research work that addresses the issue of the process of user acceptance of ITs in the context of luxury hotels is lagging considerably. This postulate is gaining momentum as this is mainly a crucial economic activity for Morocco, namely tourism.The implementation of IT in luxury hotels is only an initial phase of their successful integration. At this stage, the acceptance phase is the most delicate because it reveals a gap between the expected utilization and the actual level of use of these technologies. Furthermore, it is important to reflect on the attributes that influence users in their decision to accept or reject an IT and the extent of their use. The reasons for resistance go beyond the rational decisions advocated in the economic approach (cost, effort...). They cover: the specificities of ITs, the organizational context, the cultural, psychological and ethical specificities of users, and social influence. The purpose of this work is to answer the following question: What are the personal characteristics, specificities of IT users, and internal environment influences inside Marrakech luxury hotels that predict the acceptance of an IT system? In light of the literature review conducted on IT acceptance theories, we designed and tested a conceptual model by conducting a qualitative study by interviewing ten luxury hotel managers, and a quantitative investigation of 235 IT users to examine the factors that directly influence an IT system acceptance. The results of our research revealed the significant influence of personal characteristics, subjective norms, perceived risk, and managerial support as antecedents of expected performance. We concluded that these variables predict IT acceptance through attitude, intention and reluctance to change
Váňa, Dušan. "DIY technologie v digitálním sochařství." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433180.
Full textZhong, Zeling. "Comprendre l’appropriation des objets connectés grand public : une approche de modélisation à composants hiérarchiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE017.
Full textAccording to Hoffman & Novak (2018), the smart connected object is presenting new opportunities for usage experience that have the potential to revolutionize consumers' lives. The main challenge for smart connected objects is to integrate their use into the daily practices of consumers by actively producing usage data in the long-term, namely appropriation. This research has validated the explanatory model of consumer smart connected object appropriation through the psychological needs of French consumers regarding their smart connected objects. Our results show that the smart connected object appropriation is strongly correlated with the need for self-identity, the need for having a place, the need for efficacy and effectance. And the smart connected object appropriation has a positive impact on perceived value of smart connected objects by consumers, their extra-role behaviors, as well as satisfaction of their daily life. Moreover, the mediating role of extra-role behaviors in the relationship between appropriation and perceived value allows us to understand in a complementary way the value cocreation mechanisms from the viewpoint of consumers, concerning how the smart connected object appropriation contributes to value creation by consumers
Guiderdoni-Jourdain, Karine. "L'appropriation d'une Technologie de l'Information et de la Communication en entreprise à partir des relations entre Usage Conception-Vision." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00455765.
Full textNikitopoulos, Claire. "Les illustrations interactives dans le manuel scolaire numérique en France : usages et impacts sur l'appropriation." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30042/document.
Full textThe textbook evolves with the development of digital technology and proposes new resources. The illustrations are no longer static as in printed manuals, but based on interactivity. These animations, diagrams and interactive maps have a positive influence on students' memorization and understanding. Many researchers specializing in multimedia learning have highlighted these positive effects. According to J. Sweller, learning is favored when learning materials reduce the cognitive burden. J. Sweller studied the relationship between information processing processes and the presentation of information in the curriculum document. According to the theory of R.E. Mayer, multimedia has positive effects on student learning when the document combines text and illustrations. These new illustrations also change the role of the student who is no longer spectator of the image but user. The student controls his or her resource by giving it an action. He has the possibility to show the elements he wishes on a map, to make them disappear or to take the time he needs to understand the subject. The first objective of this thesis is to understand how teachers take digital textbooks and interactive illustrations. For this purpose, two surveys will reveal their uses. The second objective is to determine, from experiments, whether the interactive illustrations favor the memorization and understanding of students in relation to a static illustration
Tahri, Wadi. "Le management d'une technologie d'information et de communication : la messagerie électronique : Méta-analyse et étude de cas." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20113.
Full textInformation and communication technologies have revolutionized work of individuals by their capacity for processing information, and bringing together spaces and time dimensions. During the ten last years, e-mail has been quickly developed in the organizations, certainly by it's facility of use and it's utility. In this context, the main problem is no longer how to access information but its quality and the individual capacity to choose among the various channels of communication the “good” way to work “effectively”. The negative impacts are felt by new practices that are often difficult to predict (information overload, conflicts…). In the light of evolution of 16 theories and models, this research identifies three axes -choice, use and appropriation-, and present meta-analysis in the field of the information systems. Using a statistical analysis of textual French research, the approach allow us to get four different classes: “processing in time”, “HMI”, “productivity compared to the choice of the media” and “use/satisfaction”, under consideration like as a new ways of research, opening lines enquiry. A qualitative study of a multinational in the IT sector has been performed in two distinct phases: documents study and participant observation, semi-structured interviews and analysis of messages. The thesis is completed by managerial prescriptions to be aware of human ans social dimension in processing the information
Le, Chene Véronique. "Inclusion numérique en contexte d’établissements médico-sociaux." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20027/document.
Full textThe ideal of inclusive society is based on principles of justice and social cohesion. It translates into a desire to include people at risk of poverty and exclusion, to reduce social inequalities and to encourage participation in the life of society. Faced with social inequalities, specific policies are implemented for people with disabilities. They translate into a principle of widespread accessibility to employment, education, built, transport, leisure, culture, digital technologies, etc. In our society where the uses of digital technologies appear to be the cure for all social problems (Proulx, 1990), what benefits can people with disabilities derive from the uses of these technologies? To answer this question, I went to investigate people welcomed in medico-social institutions in Brittany. I accompanied their use of digital technologies and in an ethno-methodological approach (Lapassade, 2000) and ecological of activity (Denis, 2009), I analyzed these uses as a social construct (Jouët, 2000). In this research we will see how the appropriation of digital technologies by people with intellectual disabilities or mental disorders transforms the negative representations they have of themselves and brings out a power to act with digital technologies that participate in their emancipation
Jomphe, Yanick. "Impact de l’implication des acteurs dans la mise en oeuvre des outils de gestion sur la performance organisationnelle : cas du secteur canadien de l’automobile." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080087.
Full textThis study builds on the research and implementation of management tools that have an impact on both organizational performance and financial impact. It is in this perspective that it contributes to the enrichment of the involvement of the actors in the implementation of management tools on organizational performance in the Canadian automotive sector. Our research raises the following questions: « What are the determinants of financial implications and organizational performance ? ». Are there competency links in CRM management tools ? A three-phase methodological design was developed: (1) a pre-survey of 21 executives, (2) an empirical study based on a sample of 306 professionals, (3) a discussion after analysis of the results, and A theory based on ART. The results show that to achieve organizational performance and so on, the organization must ensure that (a) managers get involved in CRM management tools, (b) users get involved in CRM, (c) adequate training is offered. From an empirical point of view, the results allow us to know the hitherto little-explored dimension of professional practice, particularly with regard to the involvement of managers and users. Finally, from a methodological point of view, this research is a development permit and a mechanism to study stakeholder involvement in the implementation of management tools over a long period in a way consistent with Epistemology Holistic of human action
Audigier, François. "Les representations que les eleves ont de l'histoire et de la geographie. A la recherche des modeles disciplinaires, entre leur definition par l'institution et leur appropriation par les eleves." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070086.
Full textHistory and geography have been instituted among secondary school-subjects in order to transmit shared representations about the world and its history, france in particular. French nation finds a source of its unity in them. This "republican model" is nowadays questionned under the pressure of various factors : the constant growth of speeches and texts about the world and its history, the broadening of curiosity and interest, the diversification of our societies, the world-wide spread of information. . . This present analysis deals with: - the functionning conditions of history and geography at secondary school level, relying upon the concepts of school culture and school subject. A disciplinary model could be built interweawing the final objectives, contents and methodology. - the most important official recommendations from the end of last century on, in order to test and foster the above mentionned model, and highlight both continuation and changes. The historical continuation as well as the inventory of the globe are the organnizing principles still, but the mentionned factors cause faltering in it. - the pupils representations about these school subjects. This study relies upon an inquiry i. E. Both a questionnary and talks with french students. In between the memorised contents and their present "job's" constraints, the students look upon school norms with respect, express split up competences and the difficulty they ave giving sense to school history and geography beyond a few conventionnal formulae
Teisseire, Denis. "Genèse instrumentale des technologies numériques dans les activités des préfets." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1250/document.
Full textThe prefects will have for the next years to continue their action within a French company inscribed in the global dynamics of a "process of appropriation of a disruptive innovation" and "forces the users to break with their ways of doing and to think earlier ".How this "character" assumes this change is the inductive question of this research. Is there transformation, transition, evolution or avoidance?Using the Semiotics of Cooperative Transactions (STC) are identified in the narrations collected the clues of an appropriation of this digital transition, through : - its cognitive and emotional impacts ; - the description of the conditions and the context of use of objects that became instruments; - the managerial technique deployed to regulate the tensioning in his living area.The main contributions highlight : - a new report from the prefect to technology ; - a commitment to innovation as a support or facilitation of emerging initiatives, more difficult as a project leader ; - a draft of a digital republic that remains unclear, but which redistributes the social link and the organizational methods of collective action
Bel, Marlene. "Prédire l'utilisation d'une nouvelle technologie : le cas des Systèmes de Transports Intelligents Coopératifs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH027.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the prediction of the use of an unknown technology; that is to say the users did not have yet the opportunity to practice this technology, so they still have no representation of this technology. Three objectives are pursued in this work. The first one is the construction of a predictive model of the behavioural intention to use the unknown cooperative intelligent transport systems by convening the two theoretical frameworks which are the acceptability of the technologies (e.g., Venkatesh & Bala, 2008) and the behavioural prediction (Ajzen, 1991; Ajzen & Fishbein, 1973). One of them, focused on the judgment of individuals onto the object, implies the knowledge of this object. Hence the first part (A) of the model is based on past behaviours and attitudes towards generic and specific known objects close to the one that we want to predict the use. The other one is focused on the judgment of individuals onto the use of the object. This enables individuals to project themselves regarding the expected behaviour value and the expectations of the results of using it (i.e., the attitudes’ determinants), and both the subjective norm and the perceived behavioural control of the use of this unknown technology. These determinants form the second part (B) of the model. The second objective aims at testing, in a first study, the factor structure of the two questionnaires A and B. The results led us to retain a model based on seven factors in order to test it in a second study. The results showed that past behaviours with known generic objects indirectly predicted the intention to use the unknown object via a mediation through attitudes towards generic objects, past behaviours with specific objects, expected behaviour value and expectations of the results of the use of the unknown technology. Also, the results showed an indirect influence of the subjective norm and the perceived behavioural control on the intention to use the unknown object via a mediation by the value / expectations regarding the use of the unknown object. The third objective aims at linking the intention with the actual use of cooperative intelligent transport systems in driving situations. These results, although tenuous, have shown that this prediction could be made when the driving situations were consistant with the use of the technology (Theeuwes, 1993).Keywords: behavioural prediction; technology acceptance; attitudes; behavioural intention; behaviour; activity of driving
Pybourdin, Isabelle. "Appropriation des Technologies de l'information et de la communication : le cas d'un projet engageant conduit au sein d'une institution éducative du premier degré. Approche communicationnelle, accompagnement, médiations." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429701.
Full textWey, Berti Mendes Renata. "Apropriação sistêmica de inovações tecnológicas para a prevenção : o caso do controle de poeira em mineradoras de granito." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20031/document.
Full textBased on a research carried out in the Brazilian mining sector, the text argues for the necessity of a better integration in work systems of the proposals made in order to contribute to prevent health, safety and welfare for employees.Facing with deleterious effects on health in numerous situations, one tempting way of action is to reduce these effects through normative prescriptions. However, such an approach can be ineffective due to its difficulties to take into account the work activities and the issues of production. Prevention then can fail, due to its disconnection with the industrial strategies.The article examines the introduction of a technical solution ("humidification"), whose the purpose was to prevent the emergence and multiplication of pneumoconioses in the mining sector in Brazil. Most of the companies in the field gave up on humidification. However, the research showed that certain companies adopt successfully the humidification techniques.In these companies, a process named “systemic appropriation” appears as being at the core of the success. The central idea is that the introduction of a novelty generates a process during which an individual produces the resources for the effectuation of its own activity (“individual appropriation”), but there is the need of a propagation process within a network of interdependent actors: the other actors of the network must take this change into account at the level of their own activities. Based on this analysis, the text will make proposals to accompany and support such an efficient propagation process within work settings
Baseado numa pesquisa feita no setor de mineração brasileiro, o texto argumenta sobre a necessidade de uma melhor integração no sistema de trabalho cuja proposta visa contribuir com a prevenção de saúde, segurança e bem-estar para os empregados.Em face de inúmeras situações com efeitos deletérios à saúde, um caminhos de ação tentador é reduzir esses efeitos através de prescrições normativas. Entretanto, tal abordagem pode ser ineficiente devido às dificuldades de se considerar as atividades de trabalho e as questões de produção. A prevenção pode, então, falhar, devido à sua desconexão com a estratégia industrial.O artigo avalia a introdução de uma solução técnica (umidificação), cuja proposta era prevenir a emergência e multiplicação de pneumoconioses no setor de mineração no Brasil. A maioria das empresas neste campo, desistiram da umidificação. No entanto, a pesquisa mostrou que algumas empresas adotaram com sucesso as técnicas de umidificação.Nestas empresas, o processo chamado de apropriação sistêmica apareceu como sendo o núcleo do sucesso. A ideia central é que a introdução de uma novidade gera um processo durante o qual um indivíduo produz recursos para a efetuação de sua própria atividade (apropriação individual), mas existe a necessidade de um processo de propagação dentro de uma rede de atores interdependentes: outros atores da rede de trabalho devem considerar essas modificações no nível de suas próprias atividades. Baseado nessas análises, o texto fará propostas para acompanhar e dar suporte a tais processos de propagação dentro da configuração de trabalho
Oumarou, Mahamane Laouali. "Technologie de l’information et de la communication et développement économique : les enjeux et les opportunités au Niger." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100231.
Full textNiger is a landlocked country in West Africa. Its position on the outskirts of essential poles in the under-region partly explains its delayed development. To this is added, a further delay, called digital divide. Its fleet of obsolete infrastructure does not allow it to take full advantage of global flows of information to take advantage of the competitiveness of the new information society. Spurred on by recent international discussions on new technologies, it appears that the economic development of Niger would require an appropriation of ICTs by the population. Therefore, these new information technologies are at the epicenter of development issues facing the Niger. This research was given the objective to analyze the current system of ICT in Niger and its ability to set off economic development in a context of globalization of economies based on information, knowledge and expertise, by using ICTs. Following this analysis and the questions it poses, some economic theories have emerged, the information economy and its derivatives. In the second time, this study explores, describes, explains, interprets and illustrates these theories in the context of ICTs access. Illustrative examples show that ICT correct some of these predictions. ICT improves human capital, refine agents' anticipations and reduce the risk of economic decisions. That’s why, ICTs can be considered as an economic development factor in Niger. In this revolution of new technologies, the economies have not necessarily need to go through the stage of industrialization as the old theories. The example of China and the Asian dragons shows that
Rakotomalala, Harisoa Ny aina. "Appropriation de l'ordinateur et d'internet dans les points d'accès public : les cas comparés de Brest, de Saint-Denis de La Réunion et d'Antananarivo." Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0015.
Full textInternet access points are a place where users can access and use digital equipment and connect to internet. Various terms are used to indicate these places : « espaces publics numériques (EPN) », « Netpublics », «cyberbases », « cybercases », « espaces culturels multimédias (ECM) », « Points-cyb », « cybercommunes », « points d’accès public internet (PAPI) » and « cybercafés ». In France, internet access points help people without computer and internet access to use these technologies, to learn and to be assisted in their uses. In Madagascar, internet access points provide access to computer and internet networks but services are fee-based. The objective of this dissertation is to examine the roles of internet access points in ICTs appropriation process by public who visit these places. This research work analyses the theoretical concept of appropriation by using three approaches: the diffusion, the translation and the appropriation. This is followed by a comparative analysis of the uses of computer and internet in internet access points situated in Brest, Reunion Island and Antananarivo. The analysis shows the important role played by societal, economic and geographic contexts on ICTs appropriation. Beyond the uses of ICT in these places, this research attempts to identify users and discuss the reasons of their visits. The results are based on observations, questionnaire surveys and interviews with users in 18 internet access points in Brest, Reunion Island and Antananarivo
Wang, Yimiao. "Etude d'un projet innovant au sein de la supply chain : le cas de Schneider Electric." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825370.
Full textBoenisch, Gilles. "Démontage, détournement, dérision. La "défaite" numérique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0401/document.
Full textIt seems that the «Art Numérique» (Digital Art) is taking an ever-growing place in the various contemporary artistic practices. It is however still a problem to clearly define what is actually meant by this French generic expression, as what is currently associated with «Art Numérique» still generates numerous questions. How can this trend be defined? What are its boundaries? Are there any boundaries? Does «Art Numérique» actually exist? Is it relevant to categorize specific practices and techniques as «Art Numérique»? What is the influence of these categorization on the actual definition of the Art, or inversely, what should the subject «Art Numérique» include? How can «Art Numérique» be defined? Is it new? These questions are at the root of this thesis, developed in simultaneously with numerous plastic and practical experiments aiming at «physically» questioning and challenging the digital technology. My objective is to analyze the subject of «digital art», to precisely identify its characteristics, and to open new perspectives. This research highlights the relationship between practice and theory. Can they benefit from each other? Should they be studied and developed separately, each in their own direction? This raises the question of the relevance of their segmentation, and of the term «Art Numérique». Is it significant? What is the current status of all these new technologies, which are part of our daily life, including in the artistic field? Is it possible to report on such a vast phenomenon without artificially restricting its complexity?
Minkala-Ntadi, Pierre. "Appropriation professionnelle des technologies de l'information et de la communication en contexte de dépendance politique : la spécificité de la co-construction de l'information de presse au Congo-Brazzaville (1963-2012)." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00946901.
Full textPottier, Géraldine. "Rôle de l’acceptabilité dans l’interaction entre un véhicule conventionnel et un véhicule automatisé." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN20005.
Full textThe central theme of the thesis concerns the role of acceptability in the interaction between a conventional vehicle driven by a human and an automated vehicle. A meta-analysis synthesizing the determinants of the acceptability of a new technology is a first study. The results showed that acceptability was predicted by six factors: behavioural intention, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, social influence and feeling of control. A second study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the acceptability judgment on the difference in be-haviour stated by the driver of a conventional vehicle during interaction with an automated vehicle. The results showed that low acceptability is associated with cautious behaviour towards the automated vehicle. A third study, conducted on a driving simulator, showed that conventional vehicle drivers who have a high acceptability behave in the same way towards an automated vehicle and a conventional vehicle. To conclude, this thesis questions the role of the acceptability of a technologic device in the interaction with it
Fluckiger, Cédric. "L'appropriation des TIC par les collégiens dans les sphères familières et scolaires." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422204.
Full textBossu, Adeline. "Système d'action agile et dispositif interculturel numérique : le cas du MOOC Pas à Pas du projet ECO." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30027.
Full textThis research proposes to study, with a systemic approach, the organizational and relational dynamics of extended and mediated collectives in an intercultural digital distance learning system, the MOOC. It is based on a unique and unprecedented case, the MOOC PàP à Pas, of the European project ECO (24 heterogeneous partners from Germany, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and the United Kingdom) whose objective is to produce sMOOCs (social MOOC) and to train in the creation of digital educational resources. In an interdisciplinary perspective, this action-research attempts to provide elements for apprehending and interpreting the adaptations of the action system in the face of this complexity. It examines 1/ the influences of mediated interactions and organizational and relational choices, 2/ agile and intercultural management methods, and 3/ the levers of interoperability that promote these relational dynamics and the sustainability of the system. The results reveal new phenomena of structuring and integration of sense-making systems (agile interculturalism) with new forms of agreements (intercreative arrangements). They take into account the need for horizontality and integration of heterogeneous actors, who capitalize on the levers of digital interoperability that are openness, e-presence and mediation, as well as on the repertoire of commons. Agility, interculturality and interoperability are the necessary conditions for successful appropriation and transfer
Abachi, Farid. "Construire son chez-soi : dynamiques de l'espace domestique et mutations socio-familiales à Tozeur." Phd thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0101.
Full textIn the crossing of the urban sociology, the sociology of the family and the architectural analysis, this thesis deals with the changes brought by residents to their domestic space in Tozeur (Jerid, Tunisia), during the second half of the twentieth century. Based on about fifty sets of house's monographs, combining architectural statements and interviews, the analysis (lead according to the clue method) focuses on the evolution of the dwelling and its relationship with the household. The elaborate interpretation of traces and clues, detectable through detailed observation of the built environment, reveals the successive steps of the home occupation. The changing meaning of various terms identified (ḥûš, dâr. . . ) and their use, inform about the definition of areas of the house. If they are concurrent with the advent of new spaces, technological changes are evidence of an evolution of the concept of comfort, the emergence of new actors and transfers of know-how. The negotiations, identified during the settlements and the renovations shed light on the influence of statutory procedures and the differentiated strategies of bypassing. The preferential use of building materials, aesthetic treatments and new architectural styles indicates a search for social positioning and legitimacy. The investigation informs that adjusting the house and ordering the family are two simultaneous actions, while each appeal for different speeches and representations. The house is a manifestation of individuals living in family. A review of its dynamic transformation provides an analysis of the society
Bah, Mamadou. "Fonctions du brevet et stratégies d’agents : matériaux pour une économie des systèmes sectoriels de brevets." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO22012.
Full textIn a context of knowledge economy, patents are used in different ways by the government and inventors the incentive for innovation, protection and dissemination of knowledge. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the patent system. To do this, we propose a new approach to the patent which takes into account sectoral specificities. We thus call this approach, sectoral system of patents. Starting from the standard analysis, based on the principle of "one size fits for all", we develop an analytical framework that takes into account the nature of knowledge to protect. The process of learning, knowledge base, technological opportunities, the specificity of knowledge and general conditions of appropriability, are the base of the model. They allow to classify the technologies into two types : complex technologies and discrete technologies. In this classification, we deduce strategies and sectoral uses of patents. We show that in discrete technologies, like the pharmaceutical industry and biotechnologies, patents effectively protect inventors and the dominants types of patent strategies are fencing and evergreening. While for complex technologies, electronics and software, the patent is considered inefficient. Thus, it is supplemented by other means of protection such as technological complexity, technological advance, the secret, copyright, to fight against copying the invention around. The patent strategies reveal phenomena such patent thicket, bulks
Samur, Sebastian. "Actor and technology : appropriating digital media into the creative process." Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4904/1/M12498.pdf.
Full textToure, Kathryn. "Pedagogical Appropriation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) by West African Educators = Appropriation pédagogique des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) par les éducateurs ouest-africains." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16327.
Full textCette recherche examine comment et pourquoi les éducateurs en Afrique de l’Ouest, au Mali en particulier, s’approprient pédagogiquement les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) et avec quels effets. L’appropriation consiste à intégrer, personnellement et dans son milieu, la nouveauté et à la mobiliser de façon stratégique pour répondre aux objectifs contextualisés, souvent en résistance au statu quo. Une méthodologie qualitative et des approches interprétatives ont permis de comprendre les significations que les éducateurs donnent à leur réalité et leurs expériences. Trente-et-une personnes ont été interviewées: 23 enseignants du primaire et du secondaire, six professeurs d’université, et deux gestionnaires. Les éducateurs ont assimilé les TIC jusqu’à ce qu’elles deviennent partie intégrante de leur être et de leur vie quotidienne. En adaptant les TIC à leur milieu, ils ont travaillé comme des agents culturels, jouant le rôle d’interface entre les TIC et la société. Les professeurs, en particulier, ont exprimé leur souhait d’utiliser les TIC pour faciliter et renforcer la participation africaine aux débats mondiaux et à la production scientifique, et pour changer la perception présente et future de l’Afrique et des Africains. Les éducateurs ont embrassé les TIC pour les possibilités de transformation qu’elles offrent. Des changements apparaissent dans les rapports entre enseignants et étudiants (plus d’interactivités), dans les salles de classes (plus d’échanges) et les contenus des cours (plus actualisés et diversifiés), suggérant que les TIC peuvent avoir un rôle de catalyseur dans l’évolution des pratiques pédagogiques, y compris dans des contextes où l’accès aux documents est difficile et où l’héritage du colonialisme se fait encore sentir. Les perspectives et les expériences des éducateurs utilisant les TIC dans l’éducation en Afrique peuvent enrichir la théorie, la pratique et la politique éducatives et permettre d’avoir une meilleure compréhension du concept d’appropriation comme processus de changement culturel.
This research investigates how and why educators in West Africa, in Mali in particular, pedagogically appropriate information and communication technologies (ICT) and with what effects. Appropriation involves integrating newness into one’s very being and mobilizing it strategically to meet contextualized objectives, often in resistance to the status quo. It is assumed that ICT use is shaped by the values and objectives of users as well as by the local and global hierarchies of the milieus in which they are used. Qualitative research methods and interpretive approaches revealed meanings educators give to their reality and experiences. Interviews were conducted with 31 persons: 23 primary through high school teachers, six university professors, and two administrators. As educators digested ICT, it became part and parcel of their beings and everyday lives. As they adapted it to their milieus, they worked as cultural agents, mediating between ICT and society. The professors in particular expressed desires to use ICT to facilitate and enhance African participation in global debates and scholarly production and to transform how Africa and Africans are projected and perceived. Educators harnessed ICT for its transformative possibilities. The changes apparent in student-teacher relations (more interactive) and classrooms (more dialogical) suggest that ICT can be a catalyst for pedagogical change, including in document-poor contexts and ones weighed down by legacies of colonialism. Learning from the perspectives and experiences of educators pioneering the use of ICT in education in Africa can inform educational theory, practice and policy and deepen understandings of the concept of appropriation as a process of cultural change.