Dissertations / Theses: 'Appropriate'

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Salan, Jefferson. "Is variability appropriate? Encoding Variability and Transfer-Appropriate Processing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99414.

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Transfer-appropriate processing (TAP) proposes that retrieval success is based on the match between processing at encoding and retrieval. We propose that the processing described by TAP determines the contextual cues that are encoded with an event. At retrieval, the presence or absence of contextual cues matching the encoding cues will influence success. To implement these principles as a strategy to improve memory, the nature of future retrieval processing or cues must be known during encoding. As this is unlikely in real-world memory function, we propose that increased encoding variability – increasing the range of encoded cues – increases the likelihood of TAP when the retrieval scenario is unknown. The larger the set of encoded cues, the more likely those cues will recur during retrieval and therefore achieve TAP. Preliminary research in our lab (Diana, unpublished data) has found that increased encoding variability improves memory for item information in a novel retrieval context. To test whether this benefit to memory is due to the increased likelihood of TAP, the current experiment compared the effects of encoding variability under conditions that emphasize TAP to conditions that reduce TAP. We found main effects of encoding variability and TAP, but no interaction between the two. Planned comparisons between high and low variability encoding contexts within matching and non-matching retrieval contexts did not produce a significant difference between high and low variability when encoding-retrieval processing matched. We conclude that further studies are necessary to determine whether encoding variability has mechanisms that benefit memory beyond TAP.
M.S.
It is well accepted within the episodic memory literature that successful memory retrieval is often driven by context cues. Specifically, the cues that are stored with the memory of the event. To develop a better understanding of how episodic memory works, we must understand how manipulating context cues changes memory performance. One way to investigate the effects of context manipulation is using encoding variability, which refers to the amount of variability (i.e., change) in context cues from one repetition of an item or event, to the next. Preliminary research in our lab (Diana, unpublished data) has found that increased encoding variability improves memory retrieval in a novel context, but it is unclear why this is the case. We proposed that the mental processing described by transfer-appropriate processing (TAP) – a principle stating that memory retrieval success is determined by the match, or overlap, between the mental processing at encoding (i.e., memory formation) and memory retrieval – determines the contextual cues that are stored with the memory at encoding. We hypothesized that encoding variability works even when TAP has already been achieved by matching the processing and cues at encoding to those at retrieval. Alternatively, we hypothesized that encoding variability works by specifically achieving TAP, so that encoding variability is only helpful when the encoding and retrieval contexts do not match. Results indicated partial support for the alternative hypothesis, suggesting that encoding variability works by achieving TAP. However, these results were not sufficiently conclusive, and it is likely that there are other mechanisms that allow for encoding variability to improve memory. This study establishes the groundwork for future work examining encoding variability and its effects on memory.

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Drake, James Ray. "Appropriate (or be appropriated by) academic discourse: There is a text in this class." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/891.

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Estrada, Rayna Allison. "Appropriate exercise videos for adolescents." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2165.

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The purpose of this project was to review literature for appropriate elements that should make up an adolescent exercise video. Methods consisted of gathering research from twenty-three publications in books and professional journal articles. A review of the literature was examined to create chapters of information and a checklist pertaining to what makes up an appropriate adolescent exercise video.

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Anderson, Samantha Bryce. "Appropriate housing : an architecture of transaction." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23437.

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Nguyen, Hung, and kieuhung@gmail com. "An Appropriate High-rise in Vietnam." RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080513.161329.

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Currently in Vietnam there is an increasing demand for building and housing. Many high-rise housing developments have been built recently and continue to be constructed. This dissertation will not address the question of whether the high-rises should be built or not, it will focus on the question: What is appropriate high-rise housing in Vietnam?

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Baker, David Wayne. "Neuropsychology and appropriate modes of instruction /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1989. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10858489.

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Thesis (Ed.D.) -- Teachers College, Columbia University, 1989.
Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: A. Harry Passow. Dissertation Committee: James H. Borland III. Bibliography: leaves 192-207.

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Wazaify, M. "Appropriate use of non-prescription drugs." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396521.

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Pierpoint, Harriet Louise. "Appropriate practice? : a study of the role and co-ordination of volunteer appropriate adults for young suspects." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/416.

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This thesis reports on the first empirical study of the volunteer appropriate adult service for young suspects and the first attempt to determine the extent and nature of volunteer appropriate adult provision nationally. The investigation provides an original insight into the philosophy, role, practice and co-ordination of the appropriate adult. At an empirical level, the investigation fills a gap in the current work on the appropriate adult by considering the use of volunteers in the role, in terms of their practice and co-ordination and the extent and nature of their use. The empirical research is based on a detailed case study of the Plymouth Youth Enquiry Service (henceforth YES) volunteer appropriate adult service and a national survey of YOT managers. The case study included participant observation, documentary analysis and a self-administered questionnaire survey at the YES volunteer appropriate adult service. The national study of YOT managers was based on a postal survey. At a theoretical level, this thesis uses theoretical perspectives from the fields of youth justice (for example, Brown, 1998; Muncie, 1999a) and criminal process (for example, Packer, 1968; McBarnet, 1981; Choongh, 1997) to explain the philosophy, role and practice of the appropriate adult. It argues that role has been constructed to serve different, and sometimes conflicting, purposes, ranging from due process, crime control, welfare, crime prevention and managerialism. In terms of practice, parents rarely contribute in interviews and, when they do, their contributions tend to be consistent with the crime control model. Social workers may act according to a welfare or control ideology. The volunteer's role has included elements of due process, crime prevention and welfare.

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Brennan, Robert William. "Appropriate control architectures for automated manufacturing systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq20727.pdf.

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Yusufali, Riswan. "Appropriate technologies for double fortification of salt." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58752.pdf.

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Huang, Yan. "Appropriate modeling for integrated flood risk assessment." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2005. http://doc.utwente.nl/50855.

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Huang, Fang Ting. "Preschool piano methods and developmentally appropriate practice." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4721.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on November 27, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Banerjee, Shrilla. "Coronary angiography: appropriate use, interpretation and cost." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397948.

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Wang, Xiufeng. "Designing appropriate icons for Taiwanese computer users." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422797.

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Korver, Mark William. "Innovation as a measure of appropriate technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67726.

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Gomez, Maria Gabriela Miranda. "Symmetries in bifurcation theory : the appropriate context." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/110618/.

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Many phenomena in nature can be modeled by differential equations depending on parameters that are being varied continuously. We say that a given solution undergoes a bifurcation with respect to a given parameter if the qualitative behaviour of the system changes arbitrarily close to this solution when the parameter is varied across a critical value. Bifurcation problems can achieve a very high level of complexity because nature is complex. Several assumptions can be made in order to introduce considerable simplifications without going too far from reality. In this thesis we are mainly concerned in setting the problem in a symmetric context and showing that this is a realistic assumption that makes analysis much simpler. We want to emphasize that a lot of behaviour can be much easier to understand and predict when the appropriate symmetry context has been set. The message in part I of this thesis is that the full set of symmetries is not always obvious. We give examples of phenomena that are modeled by partial differential equations on rectangular domains and show that these problems have more than rectangular symmetry. Such hidden symmetries are found by embedding our problem into a larger one satisfying periodic boundary conditions and then consider all the symmetries that satisfy the original boundary conditions. In part II we study the behaviour of an electric circuit which can be modeled by a 3-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations. We begin by analysing this system under a symmetry assumption. Then in order to be more realistic we break the symmetry with a small perturbation. Most of the results for the asymmetric system are obtained by numerical and experimental search since a rigorous analysis became much harder. We observe a smooth change in qualitative behaviour by increasing the symmetry breaking perturbation. There is no dramatic change and we conclude that the original symmetry assumption was convenient and not misleading.

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Ryan, Stephen Edward. "An analysis of reinstatement of appropriate behavior." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5838.

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Behavioral momentum theory provides a conceptual framework for the study of the recurrence of previously extinguished operant behavior. Commonly referred to as treatment relapse, this is the failure to maintain treatment gains (e.g., reductions in challenging behavior) when there is a change in conditions under which these gains were achieved. One treatment relapse paradigm previously examined in basic and applied research is reinstatement. Reinstatement of challenging behavior has been shown to occur when functional reinforcers are delivered on a fixed-time schedule following extinction of challenging behavior. Although examinations appropriate behavior have applied value, analyses of reinstatement have been conducted almost exclusively with challenging behavior. During the current study, a reinstatement methodology was applied to communicative responses with five children diagnosed with developmental disabilities who exhibited comorbid communication deficits, as well as challenging behavior maintained by positive reinforcement. In the first phase of the reinstatement evaluation, each child received functional communication training (FCT) within a positive reinforcement context within a two-component multiple schedule design with each schedule paired with a distinct communicative response. After achieving steady-state responding in the first phase, in which all participants were independently emitting both communicative responses, all appropriate communication was placed on extinction in the second phase. Extinction continued until rates of appropriate communication were at or near zero. In the third phase, positive reinforcement was delivered and the recurrence of appropriate communication was evaluated. For two of five participants, communicative responding recurred following the fixed-time delivery of the functional reinforcer, indicating a successful demonstration of reinstatement. For three of five participants, communicative responding recurred prior to the delivery of fixed-time reinforcement, indicating that an alternative recurrence phenomenon likely occurred. These results suggest that reinstatement methodologies can be applied to cases in which FCT treatment failures have occurred to efficiently restore clinical gains for some participants. Implications for clinical practice and future directions of this line of research are discussed.

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Abbott, Stacey, Georgina Rubal-Peace, and Jamie Natkowski. "Appropriate Use of Meropenem: A Pharmacy Intervention." The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614200.

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Class of 2014 Abstract
Specific Aims: The primary objective was to determine the effectiveness of a criteria-based antibiotic order form (CBAOF) at increasing appropriate meropenem use at University of Arizona Medical Center –South Campus (UAMCSC). The secondary objective was to assess any cost savings associated with increased appropriate meropenem use. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients (n = 133) meeting inclusion criteria at UAMCSC during the pre and post-intervention periods was conducted. Outcomes included appropriate empiric use of meropenem, appropriate treatment of a known pathogen use of meropenem, appropriate dose and frequency of meropenem, appropriate antibiotic streamlining after culture and susceptibility report, and meropenem acquisition costs. Main Results: Appropriate empiric use of meropenem was significantly higher after the implementation of the CBAOF (100% vs. 65.8%, p = 0.002). Although not statistically significant, the post-intervention group had more patients meeting the criteria for appropriate use of meropenem for a known pathogen than the pre-intervention group (50% vs. 40%, p = 0.809). There were no differences between the pre and post-intervention groups with respect to appropriate dose of meropenem or appropriate frequency. After the implementation of the CBAOF there were significantly more patients who received antibiotic streamlining within 24 hours of culture and susceptibility reports (12.5% vs. 48.7%, p = 0.002). Drug acquisition costs for meropenem were reduced by approximately $30,000 after CBAOF implementation. Conclusion: The CBAOF was effective at increasing appropriate empiric meropenem use and decreasing meropenem acquisition costs at UAMCSC.

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Zorgani, Muftah Em M. "Procedure for selecting appropriate steels for machine design." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6837.

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Selection of steels for industrial purposes usually means choosing a type of steel to make a part or a product. The steel that is chosen must meet all the designer requirements. A quantitative selection procedure has been used to analyze the large amount of data involved in this selection process so that a complete and systematic evaluation can be made. The designer is responsible for the selection of steel, and this selection requires the designer to find data and information on the mechanical properties required, and also learns ways to improve these properties through different heat treatment processes. When a large number of steels and a large number of specified mechanical properties are being evaluated for selection, the weighed properties method can require a large number of tedious and time-consuming calculations. In such cases a computer program could greatly facilitate the selection process. This thesis reports the selection of steels for gears, shafts, fasteners and springs where the steps involved in the weighted properties method which is written in the form of a simple computer program to select steels from a data bank. This program also includes the digital logic method to help in determining weighing factors. The steels are ranked according to standard designation; BS, AISI, and DIN. It has been found that alloyed steels hardened and tempered at 2050C are most suitable for gears, shafts, fasteners, and springs when higher mechanical properties required, and carbon and low alloyed steels when cost is the main consideration.

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Ruto-Korir, Rose Cheptoo. "Preschool teachers' beliefs of developmentally appropriate educational practices." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2010. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05012010-155439.

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Guetter, David Lloyd. "Making sense of the appropriate in Plato's Timaeus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27939.pdf.

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Dowling, Carlin. "The antecedents of appropriate audit support system use /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00002185.

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Sittas, Efthimios. "Appropriate forms of solid modelling for conceptual design." Thesis, Brunel University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.255666.

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Chen, B. C. H. "How aerospace systems integrators create and appropriate value." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597533.

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This research examined the systems integrator (SI) role which has become a key business model and organising logic impacting products, processes, and the supply network in the aerospace industry. The first portion of the research examined the context of the phenomenon through a sector analysis and literature review. The sector analysis provided background on historical trends and developments in aerospace and focused on forces concentrating and dispersing the supply network. It found that the evolution of the aerospace industry can be best described as a punctuated equilibrium whose chief determinants are value, coordination and integration, and that the SI role may be an enabler in this evolution process. The second section investigated the content of the SI role by mapping its activities and the overall evolution of the SI role in three case companies. A set of core SI activities were found, mainly in the final system assembly, testing, and verification stages of production. However, each of the case companies had a different strategy in leveraging these activities over the rest of their operations. Three main integrator archetypes were found, focusing on the product, process, and supply network respectively. The final section linked the SI activities back to strategy through two dynamic processes: value creation and appropriation. Value creation is determined by coordination intensity, entrepreneurial intensity, scale economies and scope economies. Value appropriation is determined by risk tolerance, market power, resource ownership and resource complementarity. The impact of SI activities on each of these eight factors were discussed.

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Beitelmal, Jamal A. "Development of appropriate technology road condition monitoring system." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/533.

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This dissertation is concerned with the principles of pavement management systems and their applications in western and developing countries. The first part of the dissertation deals with the principles of pavement engineering and the role of the different layers in order to gain the required knowledge in highway pavement components, which will allow a cost-effective repair related to each specific defect. The second part deals with the existing systems for monitoring pavement condition and evaluatest heir benefit in assessingh ighway condition. The study shows the main problems usually militate against using the sophisticated technology in monitoring highway condition and implementing maintenance management systems in some cities in developing countries. In addition to the problems inherent in cities in developing countries, the city of Benghazi in Libya has special factors which have developed as a result of UN sanctions which were imposed in 1992. Therefore, the city of Benghazi has been selected as a case study for this particular research since it is a typical example of most cities in developing countries in terms of size, population and in ten-ns of lack of maintenance resources and skilled labour (Benghazi might have been so well resourcedth at it would no longer fall into the categoryo f developingc ity but for the sanction). The objectives of the study are attained through conclusions which indicate that establishing a pavement maintenance strategy in the city of Benghazi based on any or some of the sophisticated technology in road condition monitoring is not appropriate. This conclusion is tested by manufacturing a unique prototype measuring machine and using it in pilot monitoring exercises in the cities of Newcastle and Sunderland. The results of these pilot exercises are analysed to evaluate the benefit which such appropriate technology equipment can bring to the issue of monitoring of pavement condition in cities in developing countries having problems similar to those that prevail in Benghazi. The prototype equipment developed in this study is unique in that it is purely mechanical and uses no electronics in monitoring road condition. Moreover, all parts of the machine are fabricated from materials available in most cities in developing countries and therefore such machines could be easily maintained locally. The prototype described in this study is not only relevant to road monitoring but points the way towards the development of similar equipment in many engineering situations in developing countries. This research study points engineers in similar conditions in the direction that the Author thinks they should follow in applying their engineering abilities in developing countries.

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Lenihan, Helena. "Industrial policy in Ireland : developing appropriate evaluative frameworks." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365920.

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Antonozzi, Luca. "Tecnologie appropriate per il trattamento delle acque reflue." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/411/.

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Erickson, John G. "Light, transparency and an appropriate image in furniture /." Online version of thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11532.

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Neblett, Jacklyn Cheryl Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Caribbean tourism: a case for appropriate tourism planning." Ottawa, 1989.

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Hatt, Allyson Lesly. "Angelman's syndrome case study and appropriate educational curriculum." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 1988. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.

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Torres, Obed E. "Producing semantically appropriate gestures in embodied language generation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62627.

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Hanna, Isis. "Delivering culturally appropriate healthcare to Mexican immigrant women." Scholarly Commons, 2007. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/678.

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This study examined the experiences of United States America nurses caring for Mexican immigrant women; it focused on the language and cultural barriers that appear to be critical factors in delivering culturally appropriate healthcare. The questions that guided the research were: What adjustment issues .related to providing culturally appropriate healthcare to female Mexican patients do nurses have to face? What specific knowledge, skills can nurses learn to handle issues of cultural differences in patient care? Ten U.S. American nurses caring for Mexican immigrant women were interviewed; from these interviews, critical incidents were developed specific to caring for female Mexican women issues. Subsequently four bi-lingual bi-cultural Mexican women reviewed the incidents; their comments and incidents were incorporated into a cultural sensitizer to be used in future trainings of U.S. American nurses caring for Mexican immigrant women. My research shows that in attempting to make sense of ambiguous situations, U.S. American nurses tend to attribute the cause of Mexican immigrant women behavior through their own cultural filter. For this research, I identified salient intercultural concepts and skills that should be taught to U.S. American nurses caring for Mexican immigrant women. These intercultural skills, knowledge, and concepts are incorporated into the cultural sensitizer I designed and can be found in Chapter VI.

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Payne, Kathryn Elizabeth Ann. "Pigment-dispersant-solvent interactions appropriate to paint systems." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1998. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267389.

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Pizano, Melissa. "Gangs in schools: Appropriate resources for elementary schools." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1051.

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Mason, Denise Ryan. "Teaching Abroad and Implementing Culturally Appropriate Instructional Practices." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4076.

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The increasingly diverse population of the United States is reflected in classrooms across the country. Teachers often struggle with understanding students' cultural differences in the classroom and therefore also struggle with implementing culturally appropriate instructional strategies. The results of this study provide educational leaders with a viable option to enhance intercultural competence for implementing culturally appropriate instructional practices through the experiences gained in teaching abroad programs like Apufram International. This exploratory case study investigated how teaching experiences abroad contributed to implementing culturally diverse instruction in multicultural classroom settings. The multicultural educational theory of Banks was the theoretical framework used for this study. The research question addressed how a travel abroad experience contributed to the participants' insights into the cultural differences of students and strategies for implementing culturally diverse instruction in the multicultural classroom. The analytic process included a series of semi structured interviews and classroom observations, and a two-step process (thematic followed by open) to identify common themes. Eight teachers who participated in a teaching abroad experience with the Apufram International within the last 5 years provided the data that addressed the research question. The results of this study found that participating in a teaching abroad program increased cultural awareness and understanding of the need for implementation of culturally diverse instructional practices. Providing teachers with a creative means of improving student academic success helps develop students into global leaders for positive social change.

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Broderick, Jane Tingle. "Using Materials with Intention in Developmentally Appropriate Classrooms." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4233.

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Neerputh, Rahendra Laljith. "Development of appropriate steam turbine models in Flownex." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13158.

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Includes bibliographical references.
The Specialization Centre for Energy Efficiency at the University of Cape Town has a goal of building thermo-hydraulic models of an entire power plant. A one-dimensional thermo-hydraulic network solver, Flownex, is the software envisaged to accomplish this goal. The development of appropriate steam turbine models in Flownex supports fulfilment of this goal. Steam turbines of fossil and nuclear power plants make up most of the generating capacity for the majority of industrialised and industrial developing countries, except for those whose power industry depends mainly on hydroelectric power plants [1]. It is therefore a matter of great interest to be ab le to predict the steady state and transient operation of steam turbines. The aim of this dissertation was to use minimal data that was readily available to the end user to develop accurate models. Acceptance test data was used as the primary source because it is more reliable than plant data. Various pressure drop correlations and methods to predict off-design efficiency were investigated. These correlations and methods were solved analytically and implemented in Flownex. Interpretation of the error analysis for the pressure drop correlations established that the general empirical law using inlet conditions and Stodola law in the volume form were the most accurate and consistent in predicting mass flow rate and pressure. The Ray method was shown to be the most accurate to predict off-design efficiency and one of the less complicated to implement. Steady state models were built for four turbine trains using the general empirical and Stodola laws. The results produced by both correlations were similar, showing that for high vacuum conditions either correlation could be used. The general empirical law was the chosen correlation to implement for transient analysis since it was generally more accurate and easier to implement than Stodola. The power predicted by the model was within ±1 % of that of the actual power produced.

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Van, Eeden Madel. "Determining appropriate parameters for optimization of biocontrol success." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30784.

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Increased economic and environmental pressures have led to the requirement for a more accurate and safe crop protection method. Although Avogreen® (Bacillus subtilis) offers an environmental friendly alternative to the use of pesticides; few growers have opted for this approach mainly due to uncertainty regarding the success of the biocontrol program. Biocontrol success may be influenced by biological, ecological, scientific, economic, political, social, legal and marketing factors. Investigations showed that delivery of the antagonist to the plant surface was equally effective employing a mistblower application method and a handgun application method. On the leaf, the leaf carrying capacity influenced survival of the antagonist and the optimal application concentration of Avogreen®. Increased application frequency and a pre- harvest spray showed potential to increase biological control efficiency. Foliar fertilizers and oils enhanced antagonist counts, while spreaders, stickers and copper containing fungicides inhibited antagonist growth. Social factors that influenced farmer acceptability towards biological control programs included educational level, land owner status, generation of farming, land claim status and food safety system certification. Marketing hurdles facing the South African avocado industry included frustrations with the registration procedure of new products in South Africa and a lack of biocontrol knowledge demonstrated by sales staff. Two disease assessment methods were also evaluated. The conventional assessment method involving a rating scale was compared to a disease incidence and severity assessment method. The disease incidence and severity assessment method allowed a more detailed assessment of disease control effectiveness. To evaluate the overall success of the biocontrol program a Biocontrol Assessment Scheme (BAS) was also developed. BAS identified orchard management, antagonist application practices and technical knowledge and assistance during marketing as potential restrictions for successful biocontrol.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
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Sacco, Marika Gatt. "Reconceptualising early childhood education : a child-appropriate practice." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15006/.

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The Early Childhood Education and Care policy (ECEC) document published in Malta in 2006 regulates national early childhood education. Concerns have been raised as to whether this policy adequately represents major stakeholders in the field. The aim of this thesis was to ascertain the relationship between the ECEC document and the voices of children, parents and early years practitioners (EYP), if any. Subject to a disparity being found, a secondary aim was to use reconceptualist principles to make recommendations towards modifying aspects of this policy. Data pertaining to the views of stakeholders in Maltese early childhood education were collected from children, parents and EYP. The setting was three local primary schools and the subject was the participants' views of early childhood education in Malta. Circle time methodology was used for data collection with children. Focus groups and in-depth interviews were used to collect data from parents and EYP respectively. The participants' voices were elicited from the data using grounded theory approach. The ECEC document was analyzed using principles from Critical Discourse Analysis. Findings from child participants were then juxtaposed against aspects of the ECEC document. The main findings of this work included children's concerns about their experience of early years education, the failure of grown-ups to listen, issues of friendship and camaraderie at school and play. Parents expressed concerns about most things digital, the disneyfication of childhood and a perceived deterioration of traditional values. EYP stressed their exclusion from participation and educational gazing. Juxtaposition of the ECEC with the concerns of children demonstrated a considerable mismatch between the concerns of children and the text of the policy. A framework of recommendations, termed child-appropriate practice, was formulated in an attempt to readdress this. In conclusion, this work demonstrated a tenuous relationship between participants and the ECEC with poor representation of the voices and agency of primary stakeholders. Child-Appropriate Practice may ameliorate aspects of early childhood education in Malta, but additional research in the field is necessary.

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Kwong, Amelia, Jenny Zhu, and Kathryn Matthias. "Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia and Time to Appropriate Antibiotic Therapy." The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614176.

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Class of 2014 Abstract
Specific Aims: Determine time to appropriate therapy for S. maltophilia infection before implementation of mass spec. A second part of this project will evaluate the time to appropriate therapy after implementation of mass spec. The hypothesis is the time to appropriate therapy will decrease by > 2 days after implementation of mass spec. appropriate antibiotic therapy will be based on susceptibility data reported for each isolate of S. maltophilia. Potential appropriate therapy that will be evaluated includes high-dose sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (10-20 mg/kg/day based on TMP adjusted for renal function), ticarcillin- clavulanate plus aztreonam, moxifloxacin or levofloxacin, and ceftazidime. Methods: A retrospective chart review was done to evaluate time to identification and time to appropriate therapy for S. maltophilia as baseline data before implementation of mass spectrometry for earlier species identification. Subject selection included all patients between June 1, 2011 through May 31, 2012 with S. Maltophilia isolated from any source while admitted to the University of Arizona Medical Center-University Campus, Tucson, AZ. Patients with initial S. maltophilia isolated from a post-mortem sample or were colonizers were excluded. Main Results: There were 86 subjects included in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 60 subjects that received appropriate therapy for S. maltophilia coverage. The averaged time to initiation of appropriate antibiotic prior to the implementation of mass spectrometer was determined to be 6.5 days. Conclusion: Since S. maltophilia is not susceptible to many antibiotics used as empiric therapy, early identification of the pathogen via mass spectrometry, in addition to pharmacist intervention, may lead to initiation of appropriate antibiotics that is earlier than an average of 6.5 days found in this study.

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Thompson, Wade. "Strategies to Foster Appropriate Proton Pump Inhibitor Use." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36033.

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This thesis examines strategies to address the inappropriate proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use. A scoping review was conducted to examine patient preferences and values towards PPI initiation and continued treatment, as well as their attitudes towards reducing PPI use (deprescribing). Symptom control (reflux, heartburn) was a driver for patients to seek treatment. Patients were concerned about symptoms returning if they reduced their PPI use but were interested in using less medication if possible. Patients were open to discussing PPI reduction and valued clear communication about rationale and potential benefits/harms. As such, shared and informed decision-making (including eliciting patient values) is important in the choice to continue a PPI or try deprescribing. A decision-support tool for clinicians, aimed at the decision to continue a PPI versus try deprescribing, was implemented over 12 months in one long-term care home in Ottawa. The tool led to a non-statistically significant decrease in PPI use after it was implemented, but PPI usage began to gradually increase after six months. Strategies to sustain use of deprescribing initiatives are needed. Finally, a consult patient decision aid (PtDA) was developed and piloted in three Ottawa area clinics, and aimed to facilitate shared decision-making surrounding the decision to continue or try to reduce a PPI during a healthcare visit. Based on a sample of 12 patients, the consult PtDA increased knowledge about the decision and increased decisional confidence. After receiving the consult PtDA, 8/12 (75%) patients chose to reduce their PPI use and 4/12 (25%) chose to continue their PPI.

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Umar, Azeem, and Kamran Khan Tatari. "Appropriate Web Usability Evaluation Method during Product Development." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2498.

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Web development is different from traditional software development. Like in all software applications, usability is one of the core components of web applications. Usability engineering and web engineering are rapidly growing fields. Companies can improve their market position by making their products and services more accessible through usability engineering. User testing is often skipped when approaching deadline. This is very much true in case of web application development. Achieving good usability is one of the main concerns of web development. Several methods have been proposed in literature for evaluating web usability. There is not yet an agreement in the software development community about which usability evaluation method is more useful than another. Doing extensive usability evaluation is usually not feasible in case of web development. On the other hand unusable website increases the total cost of ownership. Improved usability is one of the major factors in achieving satisfaction up to a sufficient level. It can be achieved by utilizing appropriate usability evaluation method, but cost-effective usability evaluation tools are still lacking. In this thesis we study usability inspection and usability testing methods. Furthermore, an effort has been made in order to find appropriate usability evaluation method for web applications during product development and in this effort we propose appropriate web usability evaluation method which is based on observation of the common opinion of web industry.
There is no standard framework or mechanism of selecting usability evaluation method for software development. In the context of web development projects where time and budget are more limited than traditional software development projects, it becomes even harder to select appropriate usability evaluation method. Certainly it is not feasible for any web development project to utilize multiple usability inspection method and multiple usability testing methods during product development. The good choice can be the combinational method composed of one usability inspection method and one usability testing method. The thesis has contributed by identifying those usability evaluation methods which are common in literature and current web industry
ifazeem@gmail.com

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Vander, Lugt Wesley. "Available actors, appropriate action : theodramatic formation and performance." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3728.

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Situated within the theatrical turn in Christian theology, this project explores theatre as a model for theological ethics, looking particularly at the dynamic interplay between formation as disponibility (availability) and performance as fittingness (appropriateness). A primary goal is to demonstrate how disponible formation and fitting performance are multi-dimensional realities oriented simultaneously toward the triune God (as playwright-producer-protagonist), Scripture (as transcript and prescript), the church (as characters in company), tradition (as performance paradigms), unbelievers (as audience), and local context (as theatrical environment and place). As a result, this theodramatic approach seeks to integrate theology and ethics, describing and resourcing everyday Christian practice with reflection on the theodrama. In addition, focusing on the dynamic interplay between formation and performance represents an attempt to unify agent-oriented with action-oriented theological ethics within a holistic, theodramatic framework. Finally, through attentive interaction with theatrical theory and practice, this project contributes to a fruitful and growing dialogue between Christian theology and the arts, particularly how theatre provides imaginative, heuristic models for theological ethics pursued within the liberating constraints of confessional Christianity.

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Kounavi, Aristea. "Hur viktigt är svarsformatet för testeffekten?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-115614.

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Det finns olika metoder som kan användas för att komma ihåg instuderat material. Det har visats att resultatet på ett minnestest förbättras avsevärt om man under inlärning har testats på instuderat material, jämfört med att enbart ha studerat materialet utan testning, detta kallas testeffekten. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka hur viktigt svarsformatet är för testeffekten där 38 försöksdeltagare fick studera 48 ordpar för att sedan bli testade vid två olika tillfällen (efter 5 minuter respektive 1 vecka). Svarsformatet manipulerades vid både inlärning (covert/overt) och slutlig testning, enligt teorin om transfer-appropriate processing (kongruent/inkongruent). Resultatet visade en signifikant huvudeffekt av svarsformat, sådan att overt framplockning ledde till bättre minnesprestation än covert framplockning. Kongruensen mellan svarsformaten vid inlärning respektive slutlig testning (TAP) gav inga signifikanta effekter. Möjliga förklaringar till resultatet, och de slutsatser som kan dras därav, diskuteras.

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Ljungberg, Christina. "Prerequisites and Responsibility for Appropriate Prescribing - the Prescribers' View." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaci, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-132544.

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The overall aim of this thesis was to explore aspects of the subjective views and experiences of doctors as prescribers, focusing on responsibility for and factors of importance in achieving appropriate prescribing. To provide insights into the prescriber’s perspective the study designs were qualitative. In the first studies secondary care doctors’ perceptions of appropriate prescribing and influences in prescribing were investigated in interviews. The doctors perceived that appropriate prescribing needed continuous revision. From the perspective of the prescribers the definition of prescribing could be rephrased as: “the outcome of the recurring processes of decision making that maximises net individual health gains within society’s available resources”. Among the influences in prescribing were guidelines, colleagues and therapeutic traditions. In the subsequent studies the experiences of exchanging information regarding a patient’s drugs in an electronic patient medical record (e-PMR) shared between primary and secondary care and views of responsibility was explored, using focus groups with both primary and secondary care doctors. Considering the gap between health care levels, doctors’ views of responsibility in prescribing and exchange of information are of concern. The doctors expressed how they assume information to be in the e-PMR and active information transfer has decreased. On the other hand, they experienced an information overload in the e-PMR system. There is a need for improved and structured communication between health-care givers. Taking responsibility to review all the patient’s medications was perceived as important, but described as still not done. Lack of responsibility taken was often due to acts of omission, i.e. that doctors did not make needed changes to the list of medications due to different barriers. The barriers rested both with individual doctors and the system, but to ensure solutions that are realisable in practise, perspectives of the doctors need to be taken into consideration when overcoming those barriers.

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Uhlenwinkel, Anke. "On the importance of using appropriate concepts and theories." Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6590/.

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Naughton, Colleen Claire. "Assessing Appropriate Technology Handwashing Stations in Mali, West Africa." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1548577.

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Proper hand hygiene is the most effective and efficient method to prevent over 1.3 million deaths annually from diarrheal disease and Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs). Hand hygiene is also indispensable in achieving the fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) to reduce the childhood mortality rate by 2/3rds between 1990 and 2015. Handwashing has been found in a systematic review of studies to reduce diarrhea by 47% and is, thus, capable of preventing a million deaths (Curtis et. al., 2003). Despite this evidence, hand washing rates remain seriously low in the developing world (Scott et al., 2008).

This study developed and implemented a comprehensive monitoring strategy of five usage variables (i.e., soap usage, functionality, presence of cleansing agent, ground wetness under station, amount of water in the jug) for 42-64 appropriate technology handwashing stations. These stations were monitored throughout 2011-2013 in two communities in Mali, West Africa. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) results include: 1) a 29% decrease in soap usage from dry (October–June) to rainy seasons (July–September), 2) 35% decrease in stations with presence of cleansing agent between 2011 and 2012, 3) higher station usage for stations in households with higher scores on the Progress out of Poverty Index^®, 4) 27% less of the stations far from a water source (35 meters–172 meters away) had a cleansing agent present than stations close to a water source (less than 35 meters) during the rainy season. Station usage also differed based on gender of the handwashing station owner in the two communities where stations built by women were used more in Zeala than those in Nci'bugu. In contrast to Zeala, handwashing stations built by men in Nci'bugu had higher soap usage and usage variable proportions than those built by women. Handwashing training and promotions resulted in 98% of households reporting that they wash their hands with soap in 2012 from 0% in 2011. Altogether, this study designed and implemented a robust monitoring system that succeeded in quantifying handwashing station usage for over two years. In-depth analysis of the data established six sustainability factors for handwashing stations (gender, training, water, seasonality, wealth, and monitoring) that are critical for lasting handwashing behavior change and successful hygiene interventions to save lives.

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Marquez, Hazel B. "School readiness : kindergartners' social development and developmentally appropriate classrooms /." Search for this dissertation online, 2006. http://www.lib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.

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Phillips, Grenville Walter. "Appropriate post-closure uses for limestone quarries in Barbados." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0009/MQ31633.pdf.

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Stokes, Sarah Diane. "Mobile Processing: Developing Appropriate Technology for Pastured Poultry Producers." The University of Montana, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12212006-153821/.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Appropriate'

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