Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Appropriate housing'

Currently in Vietnam there is an increasing demand for building and housing. Many high-rise housing developments have been built recently and continue to be constructed. This dissertation will not address the question of whether the high-rises should be built or not, it will focus on the question: What is appropriate high-rise housing in Vietnam?

Zimbabwe faces the large and challenging task of providing adequate housing for her rapidly expanding population. This study aims to analyse and identify urban low income housing policy failures and to provide a foundation for an effective and viable policy based on local experience. The housing and planning standards applied to solve the low income housing problem are questionable. The symptoms of the housing problem have surfaced as inaffordable housing, growing housing deficits inter alia, and the increasing inability to meet the needs of the urban poor. Consequently it is imperative that solutions are found and applied. The study begins by tracing the historical background of the urban low income housing problem before proceeding to examining the traditional built environment. The latter is described in the hope that relevant lessons may be copied from the traditional response to housing provision. Methods and problems of compiling housing need/housing shortage figures are also analysed with respect to their suitability for application in Zimbabwe. The present housing policies are subsequently analysed with a view to identifying policy failures and the relevance of solutions based on indigenous local experience. In that respect, the housing and planning standards currently used in low income housing policy as well as the existing institutions for low income housing finance are examined. In the final chapter, a summary and conclusions, followed by the section on proposals are laid out. Several broad aspects of housing policy are advanced before actual suggestions in an alternative urban development strategy are put forward. The Bertaud Model is employed in the analysis and derivation of suggested house, plot and layout designs. The Plan Evaluation Matrix assists in effecting a systematic choice between generated options. In addition, the final chapter also touches on the relevance of rural development in finding a solution to the urban low income housing problem.

This creative project is a study of cultural awareness in architecture. The hypothesis states that architecture is one of many cultural manifestations in a society. One seeking contemporary architecture in a society should explore the idea of contemporary culture in that society. This study aims to point out the relationship of living patterns and living spaces (culture and architecture). Living patterns are influenced by their own cultures and, at the same time, the characteristics of living spaces reflect the aspects of living patterns. To explore contemporary living spaces, cultural issues must be considered.However, culture is dynamic. It is changed by reasons of time, place and people. Even though the tradional cultures in a society continuingly permeate to the next generations, some of them disappear as time, place or people change. Therefore, to study the issue of culture in contemporary society, traditional and new cultures are reckoned with as contemporary families adapt both cultures into their lifestyles.While Thai society has maintained its own unique culture, recently globalization has brought influences of Western ideas into Thailand. These influences are effecting Thai culture and bearing on how housing responds to a changing society.The work is divided into two parts, research and design. To explore the deeper meaning of contemporary living spaces, the research focuses on the importannce of culture to the characteristics of living spaces. It analyzes cultural and social changes that have influenced contemporary Thai families. This cultural analyses confirms that the meaning and design of contemporary living spaces are directly influenced by cultural adjustments.To support the hypothesis and research, a housing project for contemporary Thai families is proposed. It is a schematic design that incorporates the cultural analyses into the design process. The design is a model for organizing cultural information into the design of living spaces.
Department of Architecture

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This research focuses on multi-family residential development in the inner-ring suburbs around Boston in order to understand how dense housing can be designed in ways that are contextually appropriate for these existing urban settings. The particular design elements include: building form and massing, architectural details, open space and landscaping, and parking/transportation/access. The main body of research is drawn from three cases of multi-family development that have been built in the Boston inner-ring, including: the Linden Street Development in Somerville, Commonwealth Residences in Newton, and Station Crossing in Melrose. The research presented includes extensive coverage of the public process that informed the development of each project, and how the building form and site design changed in response to the concerns of local residents and municipal regulators. The final chapters include analysis of the common factors drawn from each case to inform the creation of ideal design elements as well a number of questions for further research.
by Jesse Kanson-Benanav.
M.C.P.

The tremendous increase of population in Egypt has caused the Egyptian government to rethink its settlement policy by planning for the development of new desert communities in remote arid regions outside of the Nile Valley. Presented here is a methodology for generating appropriate energy design guidelines for desert housing in these new communities. The methodology also takes into account the culture, climate and economy of the country. This interdisciplinary study starts by examining the current government national policy for regional and urban development in Egypt with emphasis on the new desert settlement programs in general and on the Sadat City in particular. The criteria which determines human thermal comfort requirements for the indigenous people of Egypt is then presented. This part of the study also includes a climatic analysis of Egypt showing the major climatic components, the factors modifying the climate, the country's major climatic zones, and microclimatic considerations. In the next chapter on energy analysis, the concepts and the mathematical basis of the methodology are presented. The process is based on balancing the incremental cost/benefit of conservation and passive solar designs in an optimum mix yielding the best performance and economic advantages for any given set of weather characteristics. Finally, the method is generalized and reduced to a set of formulas which generate energy guidelines for conservation levels with selected passive solar system(s). A computer model of the method is developed and energy guidelines for six major locations in Egypt are illustrated. In conclusion, a preliminary design for low-energy cluster houses at the new desert community Sadat City is developed using the computer generated guidelines for that region. The energy results are then validated using the CalPas3 energy simulation program, and a matrix is also developed for assessing the socio-cultural aspects of the design model.

A crucial factor to enable low-income families to participate in the gradual development of their homes is to find a link between their building activities and those of the large-scale building sector. Amidst technological development and increasing demand for housing, the large-scale sector, such as government and private groups, resorted to industrialised housing to replace traditional and conventional building materials and methods. Industrialisation, however, resulted not only in expensive and inappropriate dwellings but also eliminated homeowners from the building process and management of their homes. To bring back the homeowners in the building process, the shift was towards the production of small components and partial prefabrication.
Following the same thrust, there have been numerous innovative building systems for housing developed in the Philippines in the last two decades. Private entrepreneurs develop these building systems either promoting locally invented systems or adapting imported versions. Seeing their potentials, government and private groups are trying to employ them in housing. Despite the growing number of the innovative building systems and the interest to use them, their integration in low-income housing is still limited.
Focusing on Metro Manila, the capital region of the Philippines, the thesis aims to develop a selection model for the effective integration of innovative building systems in low-income housing. The process of integration is not simply using the building systems for mass production of houses but also enabling homeowners to utilise, maintain and sustain them. The proposed model involves sets of selection parameters essential at each stage of the housing delivery based on the homeowners' progressive building process and their criteria for choosing building materials for their homes. To facilitate progressive building and enhance the homeowners' initiative to build, the model also includes design strategies when employing new building systems and suggests the necessary channels to ensure the availability of the building systems, technical assistance and information.

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The right to housing is a human right, as recognized by international law, and a fundamental social right, as is provided for in the Federal Constitution. It exercises both the role of law and defense of the right to benefits, divided into these materials and regulatory benefits. In a normative activity of real estate has proven to be an effective instrument of access to decent housing. It is an activity which is characterized by the construction and sale, total or partial, of real estate units autonomous being constructed or still under construction. And why involve the disposal of future thing, the incorporative business presents a high risk of loss to the purchasers, which can be alleviated significantly with the adoption of the appropriated assets of the real estate regime, instrument that is characterized by the segregation of the net assets of each incorporation of general assets of the developer. It protects the purchaser of the real estate unit against any bankruptcy or insolvency civil of the developer, or undue delay in execution of work. Occurring of these situations, the general meeting shall decide the buyer or the continuation of the work by the liquidation of net assets. In either case, the developer is away from the direction of the project and representatives commission of the purchasers assumes administration of the enterprise affected, if feasible the construction, continue execution of the work, or liquidate the net assets of their incorporation affected. However, as the regime of affectation is of optional implantation, the discretion of the developer, it needs stimulus to offset the restrictions arising from the regime of affectation. For this purpose, the special tax regime was instituted for such appropriated assets, with the aim of simplifying and reducing the tax burden of affected incorporation in relation to federal taxes levied on the incorporative activity, compared with the usual forms of taxation by the developer of real income regime or the presumed profit regime.
O direito à moradia é considerado um direito humano, porque reconhecido pelo direito internacional, e um direito social fundamental, porque se encontra previsto na Constituição Federal. Ele exerce, simultaneamente, a função de direito de defesa e de direito a prestações, estas divididas em prestações materiais e normativas. Na esfera normativa, a atividade de incorporação imobiliária tem demonstrado ser um eficaz instrumento de acesso à moradia digna. Trata-se de atividade que se caracteriza pela construção e alienação, total ou parcial, de unidades imobiliárias autônomas a serem construídas ou em construção. E por envolver a alienação de coisa futura, o negócio incorporativo apresenta elevado risco de perdas para os adquirentes, que pode ser significativamente minorado com a adoção do regime do patrimônio de afetação da incorporação imobiliária, instrumento que se caracteriza pela segregação do acervo patrimonial de cada incorporação do patrimônio geral do incorporador. Ele protege o adquirente da unidade imobiliária contra eventual falência ou insolvência civil do incorporador, ou de atraso injustificado na execução da obra. Ocorrendo uma dessas situações, a assembleia geral dos adquirentes decidirá pelo prosseguimento da obra ou pela liquidação do acervo patrimonial. Em qualquer dos casos, o incorporador é afastado da direção do empreendimento e a comissão de representantes dos adquirentes assume a administratação do empreendimento afetado para, se viável a construção, continuar a execução da obra, ou liquidar o acervo patrimonial da respectiva incorporação afetada. Entretanto, como o referido regime de afetação é de implantação opcional, ao alvedrio do incorporador, este necessita de estímulos para compensar as restrições decorrentes do regime de afetação. Para esse fim, foi instituído o regime especial de tributação para o referido patrimônio de afetação, com o objetivo de simplificar e reduzir a carga tributária da incorporação afetada, em relação aos tributos federais incidentes sobre a atividade incorporativa, quando comparada com as formas de tributação normal do incorporador pelo regimes de lucro real ou pelo regime de lucro presumido.

碩士
國立成功大學
建築學系專班
100
Compared to Japan, Singapore and Hong Kong, the public housing policy and system in Taiwan are both significantly inferior to those of the advanced countries. To protect people’ right to live and living justice, a country has to intervene with the unsound expansion and deprivation of residential market. The housing policy in Taiwan lacks comprehensive policies and a strict and effective management system. Therefore, the public housing policy which has been promoted for decades leads to the development of slums and high housing price. In recent years, owing to the widening gap between the rich and the poor and cities in the northern and southern Taiwan and the lack of increase in national income, young people living in Taipei cannot afford the high cost of living. Consequently, housing issues have become a difficulty problem faced by the government. “Affordable housing” is a residential new term created by the government in last year. It fails to manifest the government’ determination to rectify the national housing system, but reflects the government’s short-sighted means to resolve a long-term problem. According to the review on various housing policies, such as public housing, affordable public housing, youth housing, interim housing, and military dependents’ village, promoted by the government over the years, the rise of affordable housing merely creates more chaos. The government fails to sell lands fully in compliance with the guidelines on land auctions, but forces the construction company purchasing the land to rent a specific proportion of housing to the disadvantaged groups based on additional conditions. Moreover, the government even intervenes with the sale price of houses. The government intervention itself lacks the legitimacy in commercial market, and such a small favor cannot be regarded as a benevolent policy of government. This study inspected the legitimacy of affordable housing and the issues concerning public housing system in Taiwan based on the successful government intervention of advanced counties, and the investigated the government’s various restrictions imposed on affordable housing, such as the number of housing for sale and for rent, housing price, qualification of buyer, timing for resale, and three-level quality control, to reflect the government’s lack of ability in farsighted planning for housing system. Affordable housing may be a short-term and shortsighted manipulation again, instead of a long-term policy to protect living justice.

Fifty years after independence, Karachi, Pakistan's most important metropolis, continues to suffer from a widespread shortage of suitable housing and infrastructure. The recent growth of the newly empowered middle class has inflicted additional strains on this already overwhelmed megacity. While the rich are well-equipped to look after themselves, and the poor are best served with a 'sites and services' approach, the middle class has few accessible housing options. By looking at the development of Karachi, and its current urban form and infrastructure--in the context of patronage, planning and housing typology--this thesis reaches a better understanding of the issues, identifies appropriate housing solutions for the rising middle class, and proposes transformations of typology based on the target residents' social, cultural and economic needs.

Aboriginal Law and cultures are based on a belief system centred on the 'country' and the creation of its elements. Traditional law provided a firm basis for survival and for the interconnectedness of people, land and their relationship to each other. The communities lived a largely nomadic lifestyle that moved within defined territories, tied together by kinship (tribe, clan, skin group etc), which prescribed the social roles and appropriate behaviours between indivisuals. Relationships were reinforced by systems of obligation between individuals, particularly with regard to provision of goods necessary for survival.
thesis (MRegionalUrbanPlanning)--University of South Australia, 2003.

This paper is an attempt to determine the impacts of Appropriate Housing Improvement Products (AHITs) on poverty alleviation and environmental conservation with special reference to the housing improvement technologies/techniques developed and introduced by the Building and Construction Improvement Program (BACIP) of the Aga Khan Planning and Building Service, Pakistan (AKPBSP) in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. A general methodology was employed in this research based on exploratory and evaluative investigation using both primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected through a series of open ended interview questionnaires. The use of open ended questionnaires enabled the researcher to collect both quantitative as well as qualitative data from the interview questionnaires. Some additional qualitative data was collected through focus group discussions. The secondary data was collected from various published and unpublished reports and also from the internet. The paper begins with an introduction about the context and the program. The literature review identifies some basic concepts and approaches to poverty, and appropriate technologies, followed by the methodology that was adopted for the study. Chapter four presents the environmental setting of the study area that provides a context for analysis and chapter five present an assessment of the AHITS, with an emphasis on its role in alleviating poverty and environmental conservation in the study area, mostly through the lens of quantitative and qualitative research. Finally, the findings of the study are presented. In conclusion, recommendations are made to upgrade the effectiveness and efficiency of AHITs and to expand the impacts of the program outside its source of origin, covering a larger geographic area. In this way not only the people of the Northern Areas of Pakistan will be able to alleviate poverty in the region but people living in other regions having similar socio-economic and environmental conditions will also be able to reduce their unwanted expenses caused by poor housing conditions.

The study is mainly characterised by social, cultural, and economic aspects that influence the housing typology and design in rural areas, since these places have been in a critical condition compared to urban areas. This has led to the use of design suitable for urban areas in rural areas. This act threatens to undermine rural characteristics such as rural settlement patterns and traditional housing which acknowledge people's origin and lifestyle. As a result, people fail to contrlbute to their own development mainly because of the technological advancement that acquires people with intensive skills. The study was conducted in the rural community of Mpukunyoni in Mtubatuba. The residents still live under the traditional leadership of Inkosi Mkhwanazi. The housing project implemented in the area highlight some complications because of the housing typology that the developers have used which fails to incorporate cultural meaning in them. This questions the role played by the community which sees enabling approach as a possible solution. It encourages people themselves to be gradua11y drawn into their development. It aiso alleviates poor conditions and empowers people to restore their human dignity while recognising their potential. The study sees a need for rural housing policy to be revaluated so as to include other relevant factors like incorporating traditional authorities in decision making so as to influence the policy makers to recognise cultural aspects because rural and urban areas are not the same therefore, they must be treated differently. In that way, the developers can have a clear understanding of what housing means to rural people so as to provide them with. housing that must be passed on from one generation to the other.
Thesis (M.Housing)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2005.

碩士
國立中央大學
土木工程學系在職專班
101
Regarding for the well results of the contribution in the green house certificate, our government decide to expand the ecological policy into the city. The base to be an ecological city is ecological community. In 2009, EEWH-EC was finalized and published to be the assistance basis in this plan. The purpose of EEWH-EC is to take both the ecological quality and community living function into consideration. Solving the contradiction in both, the community living function should be satisfied in the ecological quality. This study adopts by the way of the physical environment evaluation in ecological community assessment system and analyzes the practice case of Linco appropriate house area planning by our government. The analyzing result was found that each index of the aspect of ecological assessment system is strongly effect by the area of the green land. For a crowded city community, by the limitation of the geographical location, the city community is hard to get the good assessment result. The assessment index of the aspect in saving energy and reducing waste and in healthy and comfort is decided by the amount of green houses, grade, green traffic iii construction, and the geographic development results in the area. Regarding in the total assessment results, the aspect in the ecologic and healthy and comfort system gets lower score, and because the well plan of the green house area and well development of mass transition, the aspect in saving energy and reducing waste gets higher score. In the view point of the established community, if the pre-project planning of the physical environment can immersed in the concept of the ecological community assessment system and implements, the urban ecological quality is promoted.

At a time when Australia’s immigration policy encourages greater cultural diversity, significant gaps exist in the literature and practice governing the design of housing for culturally diverse groups in South Australia. Increasing migration from Asia, Africa and the Middle East presents a number of issues for social housing designers and providers who need to be aware of the diverse needs of these groups. This study investigates the housing requirements of several cultural groups living in South Australia and compares these needs with currently available accommodation arrangements for new migrants who are dependent on the social housing sector. The study also examines how well the designers and managers of social housing understand the specific needs of these groups. In this way the concept of culturally appropriate housing is explored in the context of the norm, the South Australian archetypal house, although the findings may be utilised by other organisations in Australia and overseas. Using this comparative approach, both similarities and mismatches in design requirements for specific groups are identified. This information is then analysed to suggest appropriate policy changes for social housing providers that would better meet the needs of culturally diverse groups living in Australia today. The range of current literature from the United Kingdom, USA and Australia, although limited in this area of research, is investigated critically to establish a means of identifying the key factors required in the design of housing for cultural diversity. The study then examines the housing needs of Afghan, Sudanese and Iraqi residents in South Australia. A similar study conducted with key members of HousingSA, who design and deliver social housing in the State, obtains an understanding of their awareness of the importance of design issues for culturally diverse groups. Finally, the social housing options available to culturally diverse groups in South Australia are investigated through an analysis of existing HousingSA house designs. The findings give an insight into how current social housing in South Australia meets the needs of a range of culturally diverse groups, while also achieving the broad objectives of HousingSA. Areas needing attention are identified, in terms of the physical design of housing and the delivery process, as are possible changes to existing policies and procedures to assist architects, managers and service delivery professionals in providing social housing for cultural diversity. It is hoped that, through the study of housing needs and practice, this thesis will contribute relevant literature to inform housing policy makers and providers in this field.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Urban Design, 2009

Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of the Built Environment (Housing), to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Architecture and Planning at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017
Johannesburg like many rapidly urbanising cities around the world has the problem of a lack of affordable accommodation and inadequate access to basic services (Tissington, 2013). Residents in the inner city use spaces and buildings in a way that reclaims the promises of the city to a better life. As historian and cultural theorist Abdou Maliq Simone (2004) has noted people within African Cities have a probable tendency to improvise. In this research I use the concept of evolutionary resilience, which has been described to account for individuals and households ability adapt in constantly changing environments (Simmie & Martin, 2010) to explore the responses of residents to precarious living conditions and vulnerability that is created by conditions of insecure tenure and evictions. There is little comparative empirical research about how inner city residents talk about their lives and experiences. This research contributes to filling this gap by examining the experiences of residents and highlighting the ways in which as Cirugeda (2004) points to, residents often use empowerment strategies that encourage inhabitants to subvert laws and regulations, in order to maximise self-help by appropriating structures for better living conditions (Cirugeda 2004). This research utilises in depth interviews that were conducted within selected buildings in the inner city using a semi structured interview guide. The objective is to examine the strategies of coping with the exposure to risk and how individuals respond to these shocks. Şoitu (undated) states that vulnerability is a situation of social, economic and physiological need when individuals are marginalised and resilience is a personal resource that allows individuals to face stress and shocks and provides strength (Şoitu, undated). This research finds that there are many difficulties, threats and vulnerabilities that residents are exposed to and residents invoke various strategies and responses for coping. KEYWORDS ‘Bad buildings’, inner city, Johannesburg, vulnerability, evolutionary resilience, precarious living conditions, basic services, insecure tenure
XL2018