Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Approches spontanées'
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Jourdan, Géraldine. "Conséquences des altérations induites et spontanées du système nerveux autonome sur la fonction cardiovasculaire : approches physiologiques et pharmacologiques." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/425/.
Full textOver the past 20 years numerous studies in humans have shown a significant relationship between alterations in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and mortality. Although the nervous system is autonomous, it is a key physiopathological element in diseases and morbidity of the cardiovascular system. Some factors, directly or indirectly, linked to alterations of the ANS have thus been indentified and allow for a stratification of risk in terms of mortality. Our work, therefore, has consisted in examining the alterations of the ANS in vivo and investigating their consequences on the cardiovascular system in three distinct situations that reflect morbid affectations : the effect of aminochromes, oxidative derivatives of endogenous catecholamines, on the cardiovascular system of dogs and mice; the cardiovascular effect of a combination of two drugs in dogs; modifications in heart rate variability and ventricular repolarisation (study of the QT space) in a canine model of nutritional obesity. A primary study conducted with mice, clearly shows the existence of morbid cardiac modifications - electric and echocardiographic - specific to aminochromes. If these results are confirmed through clinical studies of plasmatic dosage of these compounds in humans, aminochromes per se could be used as a dedicated novel factor combining physiopathology and cardiovascular risk of mortality. A second investigation suggests that combined use of midodrine and dihydroergotamine in the treatment of severe orthostatic hypotension in humans must be avoided and confirms in dogs, the clinical observations of a worsening of this symptom when these two drugs are given in association. .
Glas, Ludivine. "Développement du lexique précoce chez des enfants français monolingues : analyse des différences inter-individuelles via des approches complémentaires et une prise en compte des contextes de production." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2098.
Full textThe acquisition of early lexicon is very important for the development of language considering that it is the early lexicon that builds infants’ first significant utterances and that it prefigures to a certain extent infants’ future language skills. It is well established that lexical acquisition presents common developmental trends and milestones, nevertheless a great amount of individual variation exists. This variation comes from linguistic, social and/or idiosyncratic factors. Further research should be done to investigate the possible influence of evaluation procedures on the results. Although the use of a complementary approach could limit this bias, it has rarely been used in lexical acquisition research. This work aims at describing not only the common developmental trajectories of early lexicon in French monolingual children, but also the inter-individual differences. More specifically, we want to show the importance of applying a complementary approach and of exploring word production during spontaneous interactions in real-life settings to better interpret inter-individual differences. The parents of 10 French monolingual children aged from 8;16 to 32;27 months filled out a questionnaire (IFDC) regarding their child’s vocabulary. The same children were video-recorded at home (corpus TOTAL). Overall, the development and the composition of individual lexicon, evaluated through the IFDC, follow the trends already reported in the literature. As for the spontaneous vocabulary, we focused our study on 4 children at the 15-52; 50; 70-120 word linguistic stages (corpus CIBLÉ). The integration of two complementary approaches, i.e. parental questionnaires and spontaneous observations, proved to be efficient and allowed us to reliably evaluate the lexical development and to avoid the bias linked to the use of a single method. To better understand the results variations between the two methods, we explored the situational and interactional context on the corpus CIBLÉ. We defined and categorized the different situations in the corpus TOTAL, then we focused on the corpus CIBLÉ to calculate their duration and we found variations between situations. A Cross-analysis on word production as a function of the situation helped to understand the lexical measure on linguistic stages and enabled the reinterpretation of individual variations. For example, the two children with the smallest lexicon had the longest duration of solitary play. During this activity, the number of produced words was generally very low. Next, we describe the interactional context, and more particularly, the rate and the nature of the children exchanges. The analyses revealed an important variation between measures and differences in the exchange rate among children. To a certain degree, for some children the interactional measures provide a richer interpretation of lexical measures.Our work clearly shows the advantages of combining several types of data to evaluate the early lexical development and the differences between individuals and encourages this approach. The analysis of situational and interactional contexts shows that these are crucial for understanding children lexical measures and better interpreting intra- and inter-individual differences
Labriet-Barthélémy, Rachel. "Autismes, musicothérapie et mécanismes laryngés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP5199.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effects of a mainly vocal work in active music therapy on the relational aspects of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). It is also a question of defining the most relevant modalities of application and to draw some principles for the work around voice in music therapy with these children. In order to best circumscribe our object, we rely on various disciplinary fields such as music therapy, developmental psychology, musicology and ethnomusicology, anthropology, phoniatrics, neurosciences or psychoanalysis. On a first exploratory study, we developed gesture-voice coupling (GLM) and tried to identify what were the most relevant components to generate the interest of children. At the end of this step, we found that the laryngeal mechanisms at work in the couplings could be a determining factor. We kept the most efficient couplings and integrated them into a device of music therapy focused on voice, gestures and rhythmic games. Our main study was based on clinical video material collected as part of the current care in music therapy program over a school year. It concerns sixteen children with ASD, aged 2 to 8 years, who were admitted to a day hospital. From the films, we evaluate the impact of the sessions of our music therapy device on the evolution of the autistic behaviors of the children, thanks to the Revised Behavior Summarized Evaluation Scale (BSE-R), (Barthélémy, Roux, Adrien et al., 1997). We also compare the impact of gesture-voice couplings (GLM) with that of rhythmic activities or nursery rhymes, more specifically concerning gaze, imitation and emotional sharing. In a third study, we evaluate the effects of voice-gesture coupling on a young non-verbal autistic child in a situation of individual active music therapy. In this study, we perform an analysis of video films collected as part of routine care, and seek to evaluate the evolution of vocal manifestations, spontaneous approach behaviors and avoidance of the child. Our fourth study focuses on the use of voice-gesture couplings in non-verbal autistic children with severe visual impairment in individual music therapy. Through this case study, we try to understand the processes that GLM couplings would put into action. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that voice associated with co-modality, as presented in our GLM couplings, is of real interest for working in the relational sphere with children with ASD
Jouët-Pastré, Gabrielle. "Approche intonative et énonciative du récit oral spontané en anglais RP." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030101.
Full textThis PhD is a contribution to the analyses of the intonation of RP British English. Basing itself on a corpus presented in the second volume, it is specifically about the intonation patterns of provoked spontaneous narratives. The various parameters of intonation (pitch, intensity, duration) are taken into account from their iconic as well as their conventional values. After having given a detailed review of the different approaches to intonation, this analysis draws its inspiration from L. DANON-BOILEAU & M. -A. MOREL’s studies of spontaneous oral French. The intonation of paratones is closely studied in conjunction with discursive constituents within the theory of an utterer-centered approach. The differences between the two languages in the intonation and discursive patterns within the paratone and at its boundaries are to be found on several levels : if we consider discursive constituents in English, the preamble is reduced or non-existent whereas the rheme appears to be the major constituent of the paratone. As for intonation, modulations linked to the mobility of the accent do not indicate the same embedding phenomenon as can be found in French through pitch at the boundary between the preamble and the rheme. Pitch fluctuations create a phenomenon of expansion through the echoes of the nuclei, compensating for the rigidity of the syntax. The pitch amplitude more salient in English accentuates this phenomenon of looseness. This phenomenon enables us to understand the necessity for a narrower pitch amplitude in French so as to tighten the loose mesh of its syntax. Pitch fluctuations also have a highlighting effect of the position one adopts respect to what is believed to be the addressee’s thoughts : the relation to the co-utterer is constructed in French whereas its is taken for granted in English
Bataillon, Thomas. "Mutation spontanée et gestion des ressources génétiques : approches théorique et expérimentale sur le blé dur (triticum durum)." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INAP0041.
Full textGaudy, Isabelle. "La négation en anglais oral spontané : approche intonative de "not, n't, no"." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030002.
Full textThe established difference between not and n't as representative marks of standard and colloquial english is brought into question through an intonative analysis dealing with the height and shape of these negatives. "Higher negation" corresponds mainly to not and is uttered in a binary or alternative context negating an already established predicative link. This negation of assertion exists on a diologal mode. N't corresponds mostly to "lower negation" and describes negative facts. This negative assertion belongs to a monologal type of expression. Question-tags reiterate the redundancy between not/n't and the upper and lower levels. N't question-tags with a falling intonation are self-sufficient utterances, whereas not question-tags with a rising intonation indicate discrepancy. However, redundancy is not always systematic. An intonative analysis helps decipher the compulsory or occasional forms. No contains both the values of the lower and upper types of negation. It can negate information or accept a negative content. Its shape and its links with the subsequent information must then be taken into account. No makes it possible to reconsider negation under the angle of anticipation
Rabhi, Yahya Abdelwahab. "Echogénicité spontanée du sang circulant : echogénicité et échostructure du thrombus, vers une approche objective et quantitative." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR3307.
Full textJardani, Abderrahim. "Nouvelles approches géophysiques pour l’identification des dolines et des cavités souterraines dans un contexte karstique." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES045.
Full textThe self-potential method has strongly evolved during the last few years. In this Ph-D thesis, We have investigated the usefulness of this method in the context of karstic hydrogeology. Our goals were (1) to test its efficiency to map the pattern of trensient aquifers in the shallow subsurface and (2) to use this method to locate preferential drainage pathways associated with areas of preferential dissolution of the undrlying chalk formation (sinkholes and crypto-sinkholes). The sinkholes are indeed preferential ground water flow pathways that channels the shallow ground waters inside the deep aquifer located in the chalk formation at depth. We suceesfully located sinkholes from their self-potential signature evidencing the localization of preferential drainage pathways. Self-potential maps were obtained during the rainy season (spring) and the dry season (summer). These maps reveal the relationships between the hydrodynamics of the shallow ground water flow on one side and the hydroelectrical parameters of the vadose zone and the seld-potential measurements obtained at the ground surface on the other side. These measurements confirm that the downward percolation of the ground water and the evapotranspiration in the vadose zone yield negative and positive self-potential signatures at the ground surface, respectively. In the field of engineering, we have developed a new application of the self-potential method to the detection of caves. Indeed, in Haute-Normandie (France), there are thousands of abandonned anthropic caves over the chalk plateau The development of a simple method to locate these abandonned caves was a really challenge for the geophysicists. We have demonstrated the usefulness of the self-potential method to detect the roof of the cavities because of the impact of the cavities on the geometry of the flow of the ground water and the electrical resistivity contrast between the cavity and the surrounding sedimentary formations. We have been working also on the inversion of self-potential signals made at the ground surface of the Earth and associated with groundwaer flow at depth (streaming potential). We have developed 3D algorithms to invert the self-potential response in term of geometry of the water table corresponding to the piezometric surface of the nunconfined aquifer. We have also demonstrated that the self-potential method can be combined with other geophysical methods, like low-frequency electromagnetic methods (EM31 and EM34), and jointly inverted
Asselin, de Beauville Eliane. "Une approche fonctionnelle du retard mental : étude comparative de l'influence de modalités de traitement (spontanées et induites) sur l'abstraction d'un système de relations." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX10048.
Full textSzlamowicz, Jean. "Contribution à une approche intonative et énonciative du rôle des ligateurs dans la construction du discours en anglais oral spontané." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030162.
Full textThis study investigates the various factors that contribute to the construction of conversational English (discourse units, intonation, etc. ) by focusing on initial connectives (and, but, because, so, well, yes, no, oh, etc. ). These connectives stand at the crossroad of various linguistic problems (turn-taking, formulation attempts, discourse marking). Taking into account the various constituents of intonation (pitch, intensity, duration) and their iconic as well as conventional values enabled us to highlight discourse values vs intersubjective values and explore concepts such as colocution and co-enunciation. .
Saïd, Mahamoudou. "Dynamique séculaire de sécurisation foncière par une approche spontanée de "gestion patrimoniale" aux Comores : étude du phénomène, propositions d'appui et enseignements méthodologiques." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010603.
Full textDekeyne, Anne. "Rôle des informations contextuelles dans la réactivation et la discrimination des souvenirs : approche des mécanismes de l'évocation mnésique." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112116.
Full textMissaire, Mégane. "Oubli, sommeil et plasticité synaptique : une approche électrophysiologique in vivo chez le rat." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1187.
Full textForgetting is a temporary or permanent loss of memory, often perceived as deleterious to our cognitive abilities, especially when it prevents us from accessing information we previously acquired. However, recent studies in Neurosciences suggest that forgetting could also be an adaptive phenomenon that would optimize memory function by erasing non relevant information, that could otherwise interfere with the storage or recall of new information. Therefore, adaptive forgetting would particularly be necessary for daily activities relying on short-term or working memory (WM), as information temporarily stored in WM need to be forgotten once used, so that this temporary information does not interfere in the future with the storage and recall of newer information. On the contrary, information can be stored for a lifetime in long-term or reference memory (RM) in animals. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying memory storage of information, but also adaptive forgetting, are still unclear. During this thesis, we used a comparative approach by training rats in three different behavioral tasks in the same radial maze: one RM task and two WM tasks involving a more or less effective adaptive forgetting process of previously stored information. We studied synaptic transmission at the synapse between the entorhinal cortex and the dentate gyrus (gating hippocampus, a key structure for memory) between two days of training in these three tasks. Our results show that memory consolidation (in RM) induces a form of long-term potentiation (LTP-like), confirming previous published work from the literature. However, we showed for the first time that adaptive forgetting in WM could trigger long-term synaptic depression. Moreover, numerous studies suggest that sleep is important for optimal memory processing, but the role of the different sleep phases in memory consolidation and in adaptive forgetting remains to be elucidated. We thus also performed polysomnographic recordings (between the two trainings days in the three behavioral tasks), in order to measure sleep state durations and sleep oscillations associated with these processes. Our results confirm the essential role of paradoxical sleep, and more specifically gamma oscillations during this state, for memory consolidation in RM. On the contrary, we also found that adaptive forgetting in WM would benefit from slow oscillations during slow wave sleep. We believe that these results contribute significantly to our understanding of neuronal mechanisms underlying memory and forgetting, especially concerning the modulation of these mechanisms by the different sleep states following training. On the one hand, we thus here showed that memory consolidation induces an LTP-like physiological phenomenon. On the other hand, the induction of an artificial form of LTP by tetanic stimulation is considered a cellular model of memory. Our second goal was to assess the modulation of an artificial LTP (at the same synapse, in the same conditions, on freely-moving rats) by sleep states. We also wanted to compare the impact of sleep states on a physiological LTP-like process (after learning) or on an artificial LTP. Our results showed many similarities between these two situations of synaptic potentiation, in particular concerning the positive role of paradoxical sleep, confirming the relevance of artificial LTP as a model to study memory processes. Finally, our study shows that not only sleep, but also oscillations during waking, could contribute to memory and forgetting. We therefore analyzed local spontaneous oscillations in the dentate gyrus while rats were performing the three behavioral tasks previously described. The high spatial and temporal resolution of this analysis allowed us to show the role of different local spontaneous oscillations at critical moments of training in the maze, in particular during decision making, and during encoding or retrieval of information stored in RM or WM
Ridel, Laure. "Émulsions de Pickering : approche théorique et applications : analyse physico-chimique des phénomènes interfaciaux : obtention d'émulsions de Pickering nanométriques de manière spontanée et d'émulsions foisonnées de Pickering." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10176/document.
Full textPickering emulsions are emulsions stabilized by solid particles in opposition to emulsifiers-stabilized emulsions. The stabilization of Pickering emulsions comes from a strong adsorption of solid particles at the oil-water interface that builds a rigid barrier against coalescence. The aim of this work was to understand, develop and optimize methods for the fabrication of different types of Pickering emulsions stabilized by silica nanoparticles. Three mains axes can be exposed: (i) Firstly, a theoretical approach on the physico-chemical interfacial phenomena of Pickering emulsions stabilized by non-aggregated individual silica nanoparticles. Adsorption as mono- or multi-layers can be reached depending the Oil/Silica ratio. Two behaviors were observed: At high oil/silica mass ratio, the oil/water interface was covered by a monolayer of nonaggregated silica particles. Stable emulsions were stabilized by a monolayer of silica particles at 54% coverage of the oil droplets surface. Oil droplet diameter depends on formulation parameters. Adsorption as multilayers was reached at lower oil/silica mass ratio and oil droplet diameter depends on fabrication process. (ii) Droplets diameters could be reduced thanks to various processes in order to obtain Pickering nanoemulsions, also called NanoPickering. The first step was to test the viability of such emulsions using a high energy process (sonication). Then, a low energy process (nanoprecipitation) was used. Stable Pickering nanoemulsions can be made on more than one month. However, the oil quantity obtained in the final media is low (less than 1wt%). (iii) In parallel, a new application was developed allowing the formulation of Pickering aerated emulsions, totally stabilized by nanoparticles. Two types of Pickering whipped emulsions can be made. One which has high air content or one which has a stable height, thanks to a gelification phenomenon. This occurs after a macroscopic change of state. All of these results confirm that Pickering emulsions offer the opportunity to discover new applications made by innovative processes. For instance, NanoPickering made by spontaneous emulsification, or Pickering whipped emulsion fully stabilized without emulsifiers. Moreover, theoretical approaches and interfacial phenomena studies are still current scientific questions
Finizola, Anthony. "Etude de systèmes hydrothermaux de volcans actifs : Misti (Pérou) et Stromboli (Italie) ; Approches géophysiques et géochimiques." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007505.
Full textLaissue, Paul. "Approches gène candidat et QTL dans la recherche de facteurs génétiques étiologiques de l'insuffisance ovarienne prématurée et les avortements spontanés à répétition : implication des gènes BMP15, GDF9 et FOXD1." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077023.
Full textThis PhD thesis is focused on the research of etiological genetic factors related to two frequent human pathologies: premature ovarian failure (POF) and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). In order to study each of these topics I used two distinct experimental approaches. Concerning POF, when I started my PhD course a mutation in the BMP15 gene had been recently related to POF etiology. In order to establish whether BMP15, as well as GDF9 (a close related paralog gene), mutations are a frequent cause of POF we analysed their open reading frames in POF patients panels. Concerning RSA, we started from the analysis of a mouse model of Interespecific Recombinant Congenic Strains. We used an in vivo approach (high frequency ultrasonography) in order to localise QTL of embryonic resorption. After the localisation of murine QTL, we determined a causative mutation of de Foxd1 gene. These results were finally transposed to human. We established that human FOXD1 mutations are associated to RSA
Djibrilla, Saley Abdoulazizi. "Tomographie hydraulique des milieux poreux hétérogènes à partir de traçage thermique : approches expérimentales." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR102/document.
Full textThe importance of issues related to the quality of groundwater requires characterizing the operation of groundwater aquifers. Hydrogeological methods used to carry out conceptual model of an aquifer are generally based on the observation and characterization of the medium, by using boreholes and carrying out of pumping test operations. However, these methods present some limitations in characterizing the spatial variability of heterogeneous aquifers. In this thesis, we develop experimental approaches that use information from thermal or saline tracing for the characterization of hydraulic parameters in heterogeneous porous media. The choice of using experimental approaches was justified 1) by difficulties of taking into account hydraulic heterogeneities in natural porous media and 2) for a better understanding of the phenomena involved in a controlled situation. In this work, we first proposed the use of punctual thermal measurements, then measurements obtained by using thermal infrared to estimate hydraulic parameters in heterogeneous porous media. However, as thermal tracing methods are limited in low permeability areas, we improved our approach by combining it with a geophysical method (Spontaneous Potential). This method, sensitive to fluid flows and thermoelectric and electrochemical processes, has allowed us to collect interesting temporal data to monitor thermal or saline variations in the media. The measurements obtained were then used in inversion algorithms to estimate the spatial distributions of hydraulic properties. The results obtained allowed to demonstrate the effectiveness of these approaches for the characterization of heterogeneous media and consequently for the modelling of fluid flows
BIOUKAR, EL BACHIR. "Génétique des maladies peroxysomales : sélection de révertants spontanés a partir de fibroblastes d'un malade atteint de refsum infantile et approche a l'étude de la régulation des fonctions peroxysomales." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077016.
Full textAbubakr-Moritz, Nuzha. "L' enchaînement intonatif dans le discours oral spontané : Rôle de l'intonation dans la communication exolingue et proposition d'une approche intéractive en didactique des langues." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA1004.
Full textDavid, Laurent. "L’acquisition du present perfect chez deux enfants britanniques : une approche socio-cognitive du système aspecto-temporel anglais." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA159/document.
Full textPrevious studies in language acquisition have claimed that the verbal forms in early child language are limited to the expression of the here and now (Weist, 1991). However, a study of the verbal temporal system in French children’s speech (Parisse & Morgenstern, 2012) has shown that the children are able to refer to past events from an early age before they produce specific grammatical markers. Studies on the acquisition of aspect have established a strong correlation between the production of telic verbs and perfective aspect, without distinguishing between the present perfect and past tense. Slobin (1994) has shown that the first uses of the present perfect serve specific communicative functions that relate to the expression of result and experience. To our knowledge, no developmental study of the acquisition of the present perfect has been conducted so far. We conducted a study of how two British children use the present perfect in connection with their first uses of the markers referring to the here and now and their early productions of past tense. We examined the early uses of the markers in relation to the uses identified in the child directed speech in two dense oral corpora. Analyses based on qualitative and quantitative data were conducted on the adult and the child’s speech in the context of the interactions between the two (Tomasello, 2003). Our results suggest that the early productions of the present perfect result from the frequency of the marker found in the input and the cognitive development of the children. The study shows that they first rely on a visible resultant state in T0. Gradually, the children come to use the resultant state attached to the production of the marker to verbalise presupposed expectations or intentions in T0. By doing so, the children ask their caregivers to address specific needs that are expressed in the current situation
Vidrascu, Laurence. "Analyse et détection des émotions verbales dans les interactions orales." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624085.
Full textMénétrier, Arnaud. "Modalités d'exercice et de récupération : approche cardiovasculaire et performance." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA3014/document.
Full text(Cf. corpus p. 27-28) This thesis work focuses on the cardiovascular responses consecutive to l/ various exercice modalities and 2/ various post-exercise recovery interventions. With regard to the exercise modalities, 3 experimental protocols were led. The first one aimed to compare the acute effects of constant and interval exercises on regional arterial stiffness and these determinants. Two others studies focused on the cardiac dysfunctions induced by exercises of longer durations (2-3h) and the underlying mechanisms. The second problematic of this thesis work led to 5 studies. The following questions were approached: the comparison of the effects of contrast water therapy and compression stockings on the subsequent performance; the knowledge of the factors at the origin of the benefits of these recovery interventions between repeated brief and exhaustive bouts of physical exercise (i.e. muscle blood flow, muscle oxygenation, removal of metabolic waste, etc.) ; the changes in leg muscle blood flow, caused by hydrostatic pressure alone [thermoneutral water immersion), and in addition to cooling (cold water immersion) or alternating of temperature (contrast water therapy); and finally the effects of elastic compression worn during and after a trail running race on the participants' recovery. Our results show that interval exercise decreases more regional arterial stiffness [central and peripheral) than constant exercise. This more pronounced decrease is associated with a higher concentration of vasodilator factors (NO, ANP, lactates, etc.). We also show that a prolonged exercise (2-3h) induce transient cardiac dysfunctions. Specifically, parameters of systolic function evaluated using 2D-speckle tracking echocardiography not only at rest, but also during incremental tests to adjust heart rate demonstrate that the 3h-period of prolonged and strenuous exercise induces left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Our results also demonstrate that depressed diastolic function is associated with delayed untwisting velocity. The studies focusing on post-exercise recovery interventions indicate that compared with passive recovery, contrast water therapy and compression stockings improve the subsequent 5-min maximal performance in cycling when this one is repeated during a brief elapsed time (i.e. 15 min). Moreover, contrast water therapy is more efficient than compression stockings to improve the subsequent performance. Theses recovery interventions accelerate the removal of lactates, and contrast water therapy more than compression stockings. The elastic compression increases muscle blood flow but also tissue oxygen saturation, before and after a physical exercise. Contrast water therapy also increases muscle blood flow after an exercise compared with a passive recovery, and more than elastic compression. (...)
Azéma, Guillaume. "L'improvisation selon les enseignants entrant dans le métier : une approche en anthropologie cognitive." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30039/document.
Full textThe research focuses on improvisation by young teachers. It conducts a description and an understanding of this specific activity based on a cognitive anthropology which is centered on the phenomenology of the agents' experience (Theureau, 2006, 2009). We hold the theory that improvisation, particularly impacted by the complex ‘novelty-surprise-uncertainty', is a key moment in the dynamics of the interaction between the agent and their environment – including social environment – and, as such, is a major step in both personal development and professional development
Thiebaut, Lonjaret Lucie. "Approche surfacique en IRM fonctionnelle cérébrale : projection corticale par résolution d'un problème inverse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0627.
Full textThis thesis deals with cerebral functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Until now, fMRI is mainly used in the field of neurosciences as a tool to understand cognitive processes and the links between anatomy and function. However, fMRI use is limited compared to the perspectives it offers. Indeed, three properties of the fMRI signal are problematic. First, this signal is not a direct representation of cerebral activities, thus resulting in a temporal blur that opposes the accurate localization of neuronal activities in time. Then, only the temporal variations of the fMRI signal can determine the presence or absence of those activities. Yet, those fluctuations are small compared to the overall signal and noise magnitudes. And last but not least, ambiguities related to spatial localization of cerebral activities are numerous and especially troublesome around the cortical ribbon due to its highly convoluted shape. Therefore, several approaches offer to study fMRI data onto the cortical surface. However, they all consider the problem as an interpolation one, neglecting the origin of the acquired signal of interest : the cortical ribbon. The original idea behind the work achieved in this thesis consists in posing the projection problem as an inverse problem to solve. This way we achieve both the surface-based projection and the recovering of the original cortical signal spatio-temporal properties
Doret, Muriel. "Le travail prématuré spontané : identification précoce par l'électromyogramme utérin et inhibition par le rofecoxib (un inhibiteur de la cyclooxygénase-2) et par les associations de tocolytiques : approche expérimentale chez la rate gestante." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10062.
Full textKhaoua, Ibtissame. "Approche quantitative de la bio-chimiluminescence ultrafaible : oxydation et métabolisme Detectivity Optimization to Detect of Ultraweak Light Fluxes with an EM-CCD as Binary Photon Counter Array 3D To 2D Stochastic Concentration of Highly Diluted Light Reveals Ultraweak Chemi- and Bio-Luminescence." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL005.
Full textIt has been known for decades that ultra-weak visible and UV light is emitted by most living tissues due to their oxidative metabolism, as well as by some simple reactions in aqueous medium. However, these phenomena are not well known due to the extreme weakness of the light emission, hence called "ultra-weak" luminescence. In this thesis, we propose an original experimental setup to make extremely sensitive measurements of the luminescence produced by a sample per unit volume.We reached a detection limit of ≈ 1 photon s−1cm−3 which corresponds to ≈ 2.10−21 M.s−1. To obtain this result, we combined: 1) the darkest environment possible, 2) an integrating sphere with extreme reflectivity which brings the maximum amount of photons onto the detector, 3) an amplified camera in binary mode (visible : 400 − 900) and a statistical model which optimizes detectivity, and 4) a semi-automatic procedure to operate in darkness. This setup enables the following: 1) the detection limit is ≈ 9.2 photons s−1cm−2 on the camera, which accounts for ≈ 1% of its dark current, 2) ≈ 12% of the photons emitted isotropically by the sample are detected, 3) measurement of light intensity variations is optimized by maximizing the detectivity, rather than by maximiz- ing the signal-to-noise ratio.Then, we studied the luminescence produced by the disproportionation of H2O2 in water. This reaction catalysed in cells by peroxidases, is important for the metabolism, and is critical to the understanding chemiluminescence in general and and luminol-based applications in particular. We quantified for the first time without a catalyst, the dose-dependent luminescence of the disproportionation reaction in pure water, with ≈ 15photonss−1cm−3 for [H2O2 = 90] mM. Using a well-known biological model, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast), cultured in liquid, we showed a peak in the luminescence associated with the beginning of the exponential growth phase, followed by a sustained decrease over 10 hours. This light production represents approximately 10−5 photons per second per cell.We hope our work leads to better quantitative study of the ultra-weak luminescence in chemistry and biology. This quantification is necessary for understanding the fundamental underlying mechanisms behind luminescence and to develop chemical and biomedical applications
Dhieb, Mounir. "Contribution à l'introduction des probabilités au collège : rapports d'élèves à quelques notions probabilistes." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00507751.
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