Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Approches collectives'
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Erbetta, Alejandro. "Mémoire et (re)construction d'histoires individuelles, familiales et collectives (approches photographiques)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080033.
Full textIn a time of exacerbation of the self-representation (through the socialnetworks, among other things), our subject of study proposes a reflection onmemory and the reconstruction of histories in the artistic practices. Using as astarting point a personal photographical work (Reprises), we propose a linkbetween theory and creation, in a dialectic that starts from the analysis ofpersonal works, to establish a dialogue with theorists and contemporaryartworks dealing with these issues. In this kind of retrospective approaches thatreinterpret the past, the artists work from the material and memory traces, suchas the images of family albums, archives, documents, or testimonies. Mixingdifferent esthetical universes in a new unity, they make coexist their ownimages with existing sources, disappeared lives with their own existences. Theirworks thus become a artistic re-creation and postulate a special narrative spacewhich evokes a poetics of the memory. Partial and fragmentary, they show anarrative reconfigured by the imaginary and the editing. They exceed thestrictly photographical field and open their language to the dialogue with otherarts, taking the form of hybrid artworks. What relation can be set betweenmemory, reconstruction and identity, between individual and collectivehistory ? If the past is being transformed, how to rebuild it ?
Perrin, Geneviève. "Les communs de capabilités : une analyse des Pôles Territoriaux de Coopération Economique à partir du croisement des approches d'Ostrom et de Sen." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2060.
Full textOur analysis of the Territorial Poles of Economic Cooperation (PTCE) - approached as multi-partner territorialized collective actions and questioned with regard to the mode of sustainable development of which they are, or should be, carriers - is in line with the tradition of thought and action of the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE), at the intersection of social and economic practice, ethical and political reflection, theoretical and applied research. By identifying the elements of convergence and divergence between the epistemological, theoretical and methodological frameworks of Amartya Sen (capability approach), Elinor Ostrom (common analysis) and the SSE tradition of thought, as well as by proposing enlargements, we are building a framework for analysing the institutional dynamics of the TCEPs from the perspective of a sustainable development goal. Following Sen's thinking, and considering that the capability approach is not operationalized in a metric but by the influence it can have on individual and collective action, we develop the concept of common capabilities by the "rhetorical" operationalization of the conceptual framework of the capability approach within the common analytical framework. The complex notion of social capital, central to Ostrom's analysis, then makes it possible to explain the comings and goings between the individual and collective levels, the driving force behind collective instituent actions. The construction of a tool operationalizing the concept of common capabilities and its mobilization to empirically analyze the institutional dynamics of four cases of TCEP allows us, in a logic of political economy, to identify recommendations to increase its transformative potential
Rousset-Belin, Olivia. "Intelligence collective et complexité : L’appropriation d’une technologie d’intelligence collective : Approches systémiques et affordancielles." Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30023.
Full textHow may we understand the appropriation of the collective intelligence technologies ? We easily believe, about intranets, that sharing and communicating will be quickly adopted and shared practises of enthusiastic users. For who places the orders and who develops these technologies, the collective appropriation poses initially no question. Nevertheless, strong resistances are noticed among the addressees… They give as a pretext they are disfavoured. They argue their practises, their aims and goals, their strategies are not considered. In a word, their situation and how they define it are a far cry from what planned. Uses don’t rise. In our comprehensive research, we will analyse the process of a collective appropriation thanks to three qualitative approaches. One is a systemic approach by modelling the relationship between the actors. The second is an affordancial approach by modelling the actors’ situation. The third is an affordancial approach by modelling the actors website’s consultation. Our research will be enhanced by a case : a community of researchers in nuclear toxicology, Clairatome. Our analyses are aimed to understand the global sense of the website in the situation, its meaning for the researchers of the community, and the adequate uses for part of the actors. The collective appropriation is a long process of redefining the situation that leads to integrated and shared uses. How then can we coach the involvement of each actors ?
Vendelin, Inga Peperkamp Sharon. "Adaptation des emprunts une approche psycholinguistique /." Saint-Denis : Université de Paris 8, 2008. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/VendelinThese.pdf.
Full textHmouri, Hammou. "Le syndic des procédures collectives en droit marocain : approche prospective." Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1098.
Full textDuring the 1990's decade, Morocco in his new strategies economies vision has re-established and upgraded its legal arsenal of the businesses. Thus it is, inter alia, with the business law institution in difficulty, which is devoted in the Book V from the Law of the August 1996 forming a new Commercial Code. Although this legislation is from French inspiration, both in the message and spirit, and it drew from the last reforms of the French Law of 25th of January 1985, the Moroccan legislator has sinned by his laxity : Syndic function remains always under the responsibility of the court clerk who has the possibility to entrust it to a third party. The Moroccan legislator has not yet set up a legal and regulated framework governing the function of this part, for this reason, the designation of the syndic by the commercial court is not well controlled; which is not without negative consequences on the outcome of the rectification procedures or liquidations by the court order. Main cause of this failure, the Syndic is "finger pointed. In consideration of the vicissitudes of the current Moroccan law as well as its recorded failures regarding the syndic designation, it was therefore seen necessary to make a reorganization proposed of the institution of this function
Bailoni, Mark Giblin-Delvallet Béatrice. "La question régionale en Angleterre nouvelles approches politiques du territoire anglais /." Saint-Denis : Université de Paris 8, 2009. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/BailoniThese.pdf.
Full textLancialonga, Federico. "Contre produire : films, formes et modes de production dans le cinéma collectif italien des années 1950-1970." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H305.
Full textFrom the post-war period onwards, Italy witnessed the emergence of new “collective” approaches to film production: in the 1940s and 1950s, it took the form of cooperatives; and in the subsequent decade, it evolved into film collectives or independent film production units. These collaborative endeavors yielded a wide array of films, encompassing a rich diversity of themes and styles : from partisan films to “counter-newsreels,” from fictions to documentaries, culminating in the 1970s militant videotapes. All these films embraced a common political commitment: adopting a collaborative and independent approach for filmmaking as an alternative to the labor-divided and market-oriented film industry. In fact, these films neither embody a desire of withdraw nor a circumstantial response to an inability to break into the well-established commercial networks; on the contrary, they serve as the tangible expression of a deliberate and resolute choice, one made in direct defiance of the prevailing film production system. The neologism “counter-production” aims to underscore the interplay between two fundamental dimensions of the Italian collective cinema: on one hand, the critique of the production modes of “dominant” cinema and, on the other, the embrace of a collaborative approach for filmmaking. In other words, “to counter-produce” extends beyond the mere act of challenging the industry norms, it is also characterized by a critical perspective on certain militant cinematic forms that reduce films to useful tools for political messaging. This dissertation follows a twofold program: it seeks to underscore both the commonalities among these collective practices and the inherent uniqueness found within each cinematic form they explore. By examining a carefully selected body of materials – projects, theories, and collective utopias that surfaced on the “fringes” of Italian cinema during one of the most fertile periods of its history – the overreaching objective is to reevaluate the marginal status of this corpus: rather than occupying a secondary role, it appears to have served as a central and significant experimental ground for pioneering cinematic innovations in Italy from the 1950s to the 1970s
Macé, Antonin. "Essais sur les procédures de décision collective." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPXX0030.
Full textYe, Ming Racine Jean-Luc. "Le nationalisme chinois aujourd'hui une approche géopolitique des sources chinoises /." Saint-Denis : Université de Paris 8, 2008. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/YeThese.pdf.
Full textLa version électronique de la thèse comporte quelques différences de mise en page par rapport à l'originale imprimée. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 537-598. Notes bibliogr. Index.
Hanan, Malika. "L'intelligence économique : approche culturelle des stratégies orgasitionnelles collectives : application aux entreprises marocaines." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30036.
Full textThis research rests on the assumption stipulating that the national culture and the culture of company influence the development of the competitive intelligence in its collective form. The indicators retained for its checking are individualism, collectivism, the forte/faible hierarchical distance. The fields of observation are different cultural contexts: nationals and of companies. Our results consolidate our assumption on the effect of the culture, however our indicators seem not very determining. The potential obstacles like individualism and the strong hierarchical distance are transcended by a strong culture of implicit and voluntary collaboration. We transposed the postulate of the cultural influence to the Moroccan context. Considering the delay of the country as regards competitive intelligence, our observation related to the informational steps in a total way and not only on the collective parameter. The delay of the Moroccan companies as regards economic information is ascribable with cultural factors like the mentality of tradesmen of the contractors, with historical factors like the youth of the company and the absence of an industrial anteriority, with the poverty of the informational context, political factors which conditioned the access to the company of an elite protected and the choices economic from the State to shelter its economy. The demonstration of an effective informational culture is the combination of several factors as well carried by the individuals as contained in their context material or technico-economic or emanating from their politico-economic institution
Arnaud, Nicolas. "De l'intérêt d'une approche pratique et communicationnelle de la compétence collective." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00911333.
Full textToe, Souleymane. "Approche critique de l'application judiciaire du droit des procédures collectives dans l'espace OHADA." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP0993.
Full textIn the collective proceedings application, justice plays a role of first choice. The judicial organs are composed not only of law court and its president but also by supervisory judge and the public department. Justice intervenes to open and nominate the different organs including those of the daily administration; in addition, justice secures the high administration. It (justice) supervises and speeds up the sequence of the procedure. It makes or allows important decisions. In practical way, the judicial treatment of law of the collective proceedings in the OHADA space shows, on the one hand, a kind of superficial opinion of the opening conditions of the collective procedure and, on the other hand, a disinterest of judicial organs during the sequence and the outcome of the collective procedure, all thing that runs negatively into the reaching of payment objectives of creditors and the saving of the company. It is that failure of the judicial application of law of the collective proceedings in the OHADA space that the study has tried to demonstrate trying to find some trails to improve the situation, essential for the health of the economies of the countries member of the OHADA Law Treaty
Valle, Videla Luz. "Les collections du droit territorial castillan : Approche linguistique et historique." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100002.
Full textSince Galo Sánchez’s pioneering studies on Castilian territorial law, it is generally believed that fazañas result from innovative decisions made by local mayors and are characterized by the presence of anecdotic details ; with time, the particulars relating to the first judgment were suppressed and fazañas became fueros, or abstract texts of law. A close examination of the medieval legal collections, however, shows that fueros and les fazañas were often contemporary with each other and reveals the existence of anecdotic fueros as well as abstract fazañas. In an attempt to clarify these questions, our study seeks to determine the true nature of fazañas, to redefine their relation to fueros, and to understand the use of anecdotic details in medieval Castilian territorial law. To this end, we examine the following texts, whose composition spans from the 13th to the XVth centuries : Libro de los fueros de Castiella, Fuero viejo de Castilla, Pseudo ordenamiento II de Nájera, Fuero y fazañas de los fijosdalgos, Pseudo ordenamiento de León and Fuero antiguo. In these works, we have studied the anecdotic discourse, the concrete uses of the terms fazaña and fuero and the internal logic of the collections in order to shed new light on these legal texts and to better know and understand both the redactors who compiled them and the aims they pursued
Lehmann, Etienne. "Les effets macroéconomiques des allocations chômage : une approche théorique." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010050.
Full textDidry, Nico. "Les dynamiques émotionnelles collectives dans la consommation expérientielle : approche ethnomarketing de l'expérience de festival." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAG003/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the understanding of sharing emotions mechanisms and collective emotional experiences in recreational event consumption situation like festivals. The emotion is studied from a collective point of view and the attention is focused on positive emotions, giving this work a double originality. We adopted an abductive process that is articulated around successive phases of ethnographic immersions in festive gatherings of the action sport and the psytrance communities, and a use of multidisciplinary literature significant to to our registration in the Consumption Cultural Theory (CCT) research stream.Our results show that transfers of emotion are central in the event consumer experience. The process of emotional sharing and emotional contagion are ubiquitous and contribute to the creation of collective emotions that the experience is sought by the festival consumer or the event spectator. These emotional dynamics that are closely linked with the notion of belonging to the community, are shaping the consumption logics of the festival visitors, and are influencing their relation to the experience. The socio-cultural anchor of emotional dynamics is also confirmed by our results.Understanding the experience with the collective emotional dimension has allowed us to offer a unique approach to the experience and specific analytical frameworks to the context of festivals and live performances. In addition, this work opens many research perspectives on new concepts that our analysis was to update, such as emotional leader, emotional style and emotional density
Vanoni, Didier. "Mémoires collectives et politiques urbaines : une approche critique des politiques contractuelles de la ville." Paris 9, 1992. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1992PA090044.
Full textPapinot, Emmanuelle. "Recherche de vidéos académiques dans les collections en ligne : approche ergonomique." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20081.
Full textMore and more online environments dedicated to the dissemination of academic knowledge are integrating videos into their multimedia corpus. Compared to static or animated text or graphics, video usability has not yet been the object of scientific studies in psychology and cognitive ergonomics. Video search is part of the information seeking process. The theoretical framework of this dissertation is the Information Foraging theory (Pirolli & Card, 1999), which describes information seeking in a stochastic environment, based on a search built on intermediary information. Our main goal is to provide knowledge about users, with the initial hypothesis that a variety of video-seeking goals can coexist among users. This knowledge can help improve the usability of online environments.An exploratory study using a multi-methodological approach was carried out on the usability of an audiovisual online platform for higher education and research and on a multimedia virtual museum dedicated to the history of crime justice and punishments. The results show that: (a) the difficulties related to online video publishing directly impact video search on the user side, (b) it is relevant to distinguish the video as a media from the audiovisual document. The characteristic common to both platforms is that a majority of users use the platform as a way to educate themselves, which directly questions the interest and use of video as a vehicle of knowledge acquisition for specific purposes
Wester, Lea. "Transports collectifs et initiative individuelle : approche des transports collectifs artisanaux par l'auto-organisation et les systèmes multi-agents." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0096.
Full textSeveral metropolises have not any centralized collective transport system, neither private nor public. Alternative solutions appeared, their caracteristics are principally that the ownership is spread out and the vehicle crew is self-directed. The mode of organization of these transports allows them to adapt dynamically to the demand.We propose to analyse the caracteristics of these systems by means of multi-agents modeling and self-organization theory. Using several models, we show how structures and dynamics of these systems are linked to individual strategies and urban structure.Through the question of adaptability of collective transport, small-scale transports led to concern about urban dimensions of collective mobility and flexibilisation of transport services
Bles, Olivier. "Approche théorique et expérimentale du choix de source et de la gestion collective des ressources alimentaires chez la fourmi." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ007/document.
Full textDuring my PhD I have developed theoretical (simulation) and experimental (tracking) tools to investigate the mechanisms underlying the collective food source choice as well as collective food management at the intranidal level in ants. A first part of my thesis reveals the influence of the physical (and in particular the angularity and the topography) properties of the trail to the food source on the ant behavior at the individual level and its resulting food source choice/exploitation at the collective level. The second part of my thesis is dedicated to the dynamics of the food flow entering the nest, its regulation and the food dissemination/accumulation processes at the intranidal level through trophallaxis (mouth-to-mouth fluid exchange). The networks of food distributions and exchanges were built for two ant species in various experimental conditions. Interestingly, all theses networks show several similar properties, such as a high degree of heterogeneity in the individual participation to the food exchange activity as well as a robustness facing environmental variabilities
Boissonnade, Romain. "Apprendre et raisonner : approche développementale et socio-cognitive du rôle des situations collectives et individuelles d'apprentissage." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00663351.
Full textSouza, Guimarães Márcio. "Le rôle du ministère public dans les procédures collectives : approche de droit comparé français et brésilien." Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10014.
Full textThe bankruptcy law is in broad development. The general issue is to safeguard the company to secure employment, the circulation of wealth and sustaining economic activity. Is more than a directive, it is a challenge to balance public and private interests to maintain social peace and economic development. France and Brazil are major players in this movement. The first country is involved in finding solutions to maintain its economic and financial consolidated position as world leader. The second is in net growth, and relies on a vast field of business development, attracting investors. In this modern movement of bankruptcy lax, the French's and Brazilian's Attorney general's office play a crucial role as guardian of the public economy. The French and Brazilian prosecutors have been erected as the guardians of the public economy. Bankruptcy procedures involve the private interests of creditors and the debtor and seem to lose interest in the public interest. Nevertheless, it is the economic aspect of the procedure which requires the intervention of the Attorney general's office. The economic role of the Attorney general's office is to balance the private interests and the public interest for the maintenance of the social and economic stability. The Attorney general's office modern purpose is an economic role based on the right to be informed and the intervention in cases of bankruptcy. The presence of the prosecutor in the course of the procedure ensures the balance of private and public interests. The traditional role of Attorney general's office ensuring the mora is not, however, shunned by the laws of France and Brazil, where the floor is now asking for sanctions against unfaithful directors, and to monitor the profession of trustee. These two legal systems provide examples of efficiency in accomplishing this issue. The cross-analysis of French's law and Brazilian's laws suggests answers to fill gaps and improve the treatment of bankruptcy firms in both countries
Boissonnade, Romain. "Apprendre et raisonner : approche développementale et socio-cognitive du rôle des situations collectives et individuelles d’apprentissage." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20097/document.
Full textResearch on how children conceptualize the principles of physics classically emphasizes intraindividual processes or collective situations. Individual situations and their consequences on the development of concepts are poorly defined. A pre-/post-test study was conducted in a school setting with 106 ten-year-old children. Children had to predict, justify and generally explain the phenomenon of buoyancy exhibited by objects immersed in water. During the training phases, they were free to use objects and instruments to write a general explanation. This task was repeated three times, which enable us to compare four experimental conditions: (1) children who worked individually; (2) children who worked in close collaboration; (3) children who began working individually, then worked in a dyad, and then worked again individually; and (4) children who began working in dyads, then worked individually, and then worked again in dyads. Evolution of cognition differed. When they are trained regularly in dyads, children develop better justifications of their particular predictions. Working in dyads enriches their argumentative repertoire to describe objects’ reactions. The individual-dyadic-individual training was the only experimental condition that led to progressively more accurate predictions. This specific combination may lead to a restructuration of cognitive processes. Each combination of social situation has a different effect on the childrens’ ability to predict, justify and generally explain. During the training, general and specific analyses of the practices of the children helped us to propose a detailed interpretation: these analyses show that children are confronted with different contradictions depending not only on their interactions with peers, but also with heterogeneous objects and tools. Future research is proposed
Camman-Ledi, Christelle. "Le pilotage de démarches collectives en milieu complexe : une approche par les "processus stratégiques". Le cas des stratégies collectives de différenciation dans la distribution des produits agricoles." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX24014.
Full textMuÑoz-Meléndez, Angélica. "Coopération située : une approche constructiviste de la conception de colonies de robots." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066460.
Full textLee, Hee-Kyung. "Psychologie sociale de la "coréanité" et la notion du Han : une approche ethno-culturelle." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0329.
Full textWe have explored the notion of han as it appeared to us to be a significant mean of carrying through our study of koreanity. Most non-korean language do not possess a single word which embodies the meaning of han, a term designates a collective emotion felt by the korean people. (a feeling akin to be a blend of melancoly and resentment). This fact has induced us into the belief the notion of han would enable us to reveal features common to koreans. The hypothesis stating koreanity can be grasped through the study of han is the departure point of our research. To back up this point of view, we have divided up our research in three parts. We start by the analysis of former works on korean character features to circonscribe what is typical in korean personality and identity. This is followed by an attempt a analyse the notion of han phenomenologically and historically. We conclude with the results of two surveys which aim to put into light the different components of the notion of han. Through our studies, the notion of han reveals us the general tendencies of korean collective consciousness as it explains it to us at the same time. The understanding of this notion is necessary to circonscribe koreanity. In our eyes, it constitutes one of the most important facets of koreanity
Botea, Bianca. "La Transylvanie : entre coexistence et négociation sociale : une approche anthropologique de la construction du territoire." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/botea_b.
Full textMy thesis examines the social and cultural production of Transylvania, a matter of considerable symbolic import in Romania. For over two centuries this multiethnic, multiconfessional border territory has been a sensitive issue and a source of controversy between its Romanian and Hungarian elites, and also, sometimes, between the Romanian and Hungarian governments. My special focus is on the city of Cluj-Napoca, regarded as Transylvania's historical capital. Via an analysis of museum practice, city-centre development policies, a local festival and the activities of community associations, I have been able to examine different – and sometimes mutually exclusive – uses and readings of Transylvania, revelatory of real competition between elites in the public sphere. In addition to providing a view of the mechanics of ethnicisation of elites via the process of symbolic sharing of Transylvania, this study has enabled the observation that the complexity of the relationships involved in living together and of ways of conceiving the territory is currently finding expression in a permanent tension between three kinds of situation: ethnic withdrawal or identitarian isolationism, coexistence (or "tolerance without interference") and coproduction (negotiation). The social and symbolic construction of Transylvania is analysed in national, transnational and European terms. I shall also show how Europe functions as a motor for the phenomena of social, cultural and territorial recomposition now emerging in Transylvania
Benda, Joëlle Ariane Elizabeth. "L'utilisation des plateformes d'information dans la gestion des stratégies collectives : une approche par la théorie de l'agence." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DENS0018.
Full textVézina, Cathy. "Resituer la dimension communicationnelle de la créativité collective contextualisée : une approche par les constructions médiatrices." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL0012/document.
Full textThis thesis considers the effects caused by contextualized collective creativity, especially in small groups, based on a communicational approach by “mediational constructs". It has three main objectives. First, it wishes to clarify the concept of group creativity as a phenomenon (as discussed by Woodman, Sawyer and Griffin, 1993) and to propose its distinction from the method used by creativity groups (Demory, 1986; Aznar, 2011). Secondly, it seeks to clarify the forms of exchange and interactions during the communicative-creative process. Third, it investigates the effects of this complex collective phenomenon for a better understanding of contextualized creativity conditions and deployment.Using a pedagogical framework, we have invited a community of learners to experiment an immersive and original collective creation experience which was likely to upset habits and the traditional framework of learning by its engaging and confusing nature. We hypothesized that creative tension leads to the constant reorganization of group activity by influencing " mediational constructs " and that the nature of this context crystallizes the group cohesion and commitment. Through an analysis of group activity-creativity (creactivity), and more specifically by observing joint actions, interactions relationships and the involvement of members, this study postulates that contextualized collective creativity participates in the emergence of forms of interactions. Then, that the use of meditational means (artefacts, division of labor and rules of interactions) takes place in a constant movement of activity reorganization by overcoming contradictions by successive formation of “mediation nodes”. Thus, the mediational constructs represent a reflection of the transformation process of the social interactions meaning during the activity
Alkandari, Abdulkarim. "Droit de la gestion collective de l'épargne : approche comparative entre droit Français et droit Koweitien." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA4026.
Full textThe Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities Directives represents in France and in Kuwait an important and increasing role in savings. France is located at the forefront of the European and world wide industry of collective management, while Kuwait is considered to be one of the largest financial markets in the Middle East. This thesis discusses the differing approaches of the SICAV and FCP in France and of FILK in Kuwait, citing the roles of different parties such as, the financial management team, the Financial Markets Authority, the custodians and the auditors. It describes their operating rules in regulations applicable to mutual funds for collective management. The "Subprime" financial crisis resulted, in essence, in a legal movement that participate in the development of the field of UCITS. It allows us to uncover, through this research, the essential changes introduced by this new legislation
Albertini, Francesca. "L'affirmation de l'identité dans le discours corse : approche critique de l'institution discursive." Corte, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CORT0009.
Full textFrom the island ground and its social, anthropological and cultural features, the aim of this research is to attempt the appropriateness betvven several concpets such as the style, the scenography and the ethos of the speech and original ones such as discursive community and tale of identity. The problem can be checked with the analysis of a corpus composed of eight political speeches in corsican and or in french from 1983 to 1990. The critical approach to the siscursive institution is achieved through the taking into account of cultural landmarks considered as constituent elements of the coriscan identity
Labant, Pierre. "Le dispositif spatial agroforestier à la croisée des champs : une approche pluridisciplinaire du développement de l'agroforesterie en France." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20130.
Full textThe thesis is part of a multidisciplinary approach in environmental social sciences, combining geographical, political and economic sciences, to try to understand how agroforestry, as a spatial device, can bring together four social fields in the same space, two or two of which are sometimes considered antagonistic: agricultural and forestry, economic and environmental fields. This work is supported by the hypothesis that the French agroforestry system conveys models of spatial organisation which, contrary to the discourses promoting agroforestry aimed at bringing together social fields, confine agroforestry to the agro-environmental field and exclude it from the forest economic field. The answer to our problem lies in the construction of a theoretical spatial device aimed at bringing together the four social fields. We call this theoretical model "Agro-Forestry Collective Networks" (AFCN). The theoretical construction is based on the analysis of policy instruments aimed at the development of agroforestry, as well as on the analysis of economic knowledge legitimizing planting schemes and management methods. Finally, we confronted the AFCN model from the point of view of grain farmers in south-western France to discuss the economic and social problems raised
Gaillard, Frédérique. "Approches esthétiques et théorétiques des archétypes dans le photojournalisme : à partir du World Press Photo (1956-2013)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080021.
Full textThrough an analysis based on the aesthetics and theoretical approaches, this research of photojournalism and archetypes raises many questions. The theoretical approach is to look at a practice first in terms of non-Art, as distinct from aesthetics as a theoretical approach to something that is primarily equated with art. The concept of archetype is studied through its various facets and thus with different approaches (psychology, philosophy, mythology, etc.). Before looking at photographs, it is important to determine how the image of photojournalist was forged through time. Revisiting the life of Robert Capa and what is said about it, the work of a mythologist, Joseph Campbell, sheds new light and makes it possible, although complex, to draw an analogy between the hero in myths and the man that is considered since 1938 as the greatest war photographer in the world. The detailed and unique analysis of the photographs awarded a prize by the World Press Photo (WPP), in the category World Press Photo of the Year, since the award was created until 2013, opens new perspectives on the evolution of photojournalism. This iconographic imagery deals primarily with natural disasters, famine, war and terrorism. The focus of the reports is continuously on people, their actions and their consequences. It is sometimes necessary go far back in history to understand the concerns of the contemporary world and the images that we perceive of it. Some winning photographs have emerged as historical time markers and shape our collective memory. A number of factors contribute to developing this collective memory. The question of archetype in these photographs also leads us to rethink the mental image and the image as an object, in order to better discern its contours and understand its challenges. This research uses unexpected ways to deliver an innovative interpretation of these press photographs
Gozé-Bardin, Isabelle. "Institutionnalisation du développement durable et stratégies collectives : une approche par la prospective de la logistique de la distribution." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX24015.
Full textIn recent years, sustainable development, long confined to the public sphere and discussions among experts, spread throughout the society. This qualitative research, within the conceptual framework of the neo-institutionalism, defends the following thesis: companies, in face of a growing societal requirement for the protection of the environment, will deploy collective strategies within and between supply chains. Retailing has been chosen as field of study for conducting this research. As sustainable development is not (yet) institutionalized, a specific design methodology was developed. For example, the scenario method, coming from Foresight, has been used to build a media projection to explore actors’ strategic intents in this virtual reality. If this research shows that the coming institutionalization of sustainable development will generate growing cooperation within and between supply chains, it also highlighted some challenges which must be met by retailers and logisticians by 2025 / 2030
Reveyrand-Coulon, Odile. "Strategies individuelles ou contraintes collectives. Approche psychologique et anthropologique de la migration des bassari (senegal oriental) a dakar." Toulouse 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU20009.
Full textThis study deals with the bassari who migrate from a traditional and village oriented society (organized according the following structures: animis, self subsistence economy, clans, masks, age-grades, acephalous system of authority) to dakar (synonymn of urbanization, ethnic pluralism, islamization, westernization). This analysis is based on participating observation, interviews, rorschach projective tests, and investigates the psychological modes of adaptation of the bassari's person in the context of migration. This research reveals the form of acculturation and the means which are a priori at the disposal of the person in this situation, or are generated by it. This work rises the problem of the future of personal and cultural identity of the migrant. It analyses the specific way in which operates the psychology of individuals who move from a collective oriented culture to a more individualistic one. The dissertation looks at the ethnic representations and the system of interrelationships which are at stake in the group of migrants (family maintained, failure of association). On the whole it appears that anybody among the bassari don't migrate, and migration is an attempt to solve personal conflicts
El-Kechai, Hassina. "Conception Collective de scénarios pédagogiques dans un contexte de réingénierie : une approche par la métamodélisation située." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343203.
Full textCe processus doit pouvoir aider des équipes de conception dont le but est de décrire des situations d'apprentissage qui peuvent être opérationnalisées dans un Environnement Informatique pour l'Apprentissage Humain (EIAH).
Nous considérons le processus de conception des scénarios pédagogiques qui décrivent ces situations d'apprentissage comme une construction impliquant des résolutions de problèmes.
Ces résolutions de problèmes sont plus ou moins bien définies et donnent lieu à des processus plus ou moins planifiés ou opportunistes.
Une des conséquences de ce constat nous a amené à considérer les scénarios et les métamodèles utilisés pour les décrire comme des objets qui parcourent l'activité de conception.
C'est sur cette base que le processus que nous avons défini et instrumenté permet de caractériser un ensemble d'artefacts, qui contribuent à l'élaboration de métamodèles et de scénarios en inscrivant leur conception dans une démarche centrée utilisateurs. Cette démarche se caractérise par le fait qu'elle implique les utilisateurs de ces métamodèles et de ces scénarios dans le processus de conception.
Desplan, Fabrice. "Structuration de l'action collective adventiste : approche d'un groupe religieux minoritaire dans le Nord de la France." Lille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL3A004.
Full textEl-Kechaï, Hassina. "Conception collective de scénarios pédagogiques dans un contexte de réingénierie : une approche par la métamodélisation située." Le Mans, 2008. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2008/2008LEMA1019.pdf.
Full textThis document presents our work research in the Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) context. We focused on a specifie model of a TEL system : the pedagogical scenario. The main aim of the work done is to propose and to implement a pedagogical scenarios collective design process in a reengineering context. This process integrates better teachers end trainers in the design process of a TEL systems. We consider the pedagogical design as a problem-solving process with a more or less planified and opportunist situations
El-Kechaï, Hassina Tchounikine Pierre. "Conception collective de scénarios pédagogiques dans un contexte de réingénierie une approche par la métamodélisation située /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2008/2008LEMA1019.pdf.
Full textJory, Myriam. "Approche biophysique de la fonction muco-ciliaire de l'épithélium bronchique : propriétés d'écoulement du mucus et coordination du battement ciliaire." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS078.
Full textUnderstanding and treating chronic respiratory diseases are growing medical challenges due to changes in our lifestyles and environment. The epithelium of the respiratory tract is the first barrier against external aggression, in particular thanks to the mucociliary function. Functional elements are the mucus layer lining the tissue and the beating of cilia from the ciliated cells of the epithelium. Mucus is a complex and heterogeneous fluid that acts as a protective barrier by trapping particles and pathogens present in the inhaled air, while the coordination of the cilia beating allows the directed transport of the mucus layer and its evacuation from the bronchi. The mechanical properties of mucus coupled with the coordination mechanisms of beating cilia are still poorly understood. My thesis work focused on two biophysical aspects of these mechanisms: i) the study of mucus rheology at two scales, in macro-rheology and by active micro-rheology using optical tweezers directly on the tissue; ii) the understanding and quantification of the spatiotemporal coordination of ciliary activity and on the associated mucus transport, by developing a new tool for processing video-microscopy images and data analysis
Lazaro, Lucie. "Estives en partage : une approche relationnelle des externalités du pastoralisme collectif pyrénéen." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20054/document.
Full textSince the early 2000’s, the political discourse about defense and legitimization of pastoralism has contained economical terms. Some agriculture representatives and development agents qualify pastoralism as an « externalities producer ». This action-research aims at questioning the appearance of this new paradigm on the local scale by studying the manner by which mountain space users themselves consider the multiple effects of pastoralism on their spaces and practices. Despite their potential utility to justify a specific public action directed to pastoral activity, “externalities” used as an analytical category don’t allow to understand the links between the multiple stakeholders invested in pastures utilization and governance. On the other hand, relational approach of pastoralism multiple effects enables to reconnect these phenomena to their spatial, social and temporal context of emergence. This theoretical approach also reveals the position of local stakeholders and organizations in the proximity regulation. Studying pastoralism multiple effects on the local scale refers to multiple-use of mountain areas and to collective action of those who use and manage Pyrenean pastures. Capitalization and interpretation of innovative forms of governance, but also transfer of scientific and methodological knowledge can lead development agents to a better consideration of the enlargement and the complexification of the social space constituted by Pyrenean pastures
Becker, Maja. "Identification sociale et comportements pro-sociaux : une approche fonctionnelle dans trois groupes naturels." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21472.
Full textThe present thesis adopted a functional approach to social identity and presented a model describing the relationship between functions of social identification and identity expression in terms of pro-social behaviour. The main assumption, derived from social identity theory (Tajfel, 1981; Tajfel & Turner, 1979, 1986) and from the work of Deaux et al. (1999), was that social identification functions have a positive influence on pro-social behaviour and that this influence operates in two distinct ways. Firstly, through the strengthening of social identification, which, in turn, positively affects pro-social behaviour. The second study investigated professional and organizational identity of physicians volunteering for an NGO, as well as collective action and organizational citizenship behaviours. The third study focussed on group-class identity among secondary school pupils and school behaviours. In support of the model, a relationship was observed between social identification functions and pro-social behaviours. In most cases, this relationship was partially mediated by social identification. Hence, it appears that social identification functions may contribute to our more general understanding of pro-social group behaviour
Bermúdez, Hernández Luz del Rocío. "Ville des Morts. Question funéraire et trames sociales à San Cristóbal de Las Casas, au Chiapas (Mexique)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0062.
Full textThe central aim of the theses is to reconstruct the social and cultural evolution of the city of San Cristobal de Las Casas in Chiapas (Mexico), since its foundation in 1528 until the first decades of the 20th century. It is focused on the only city’s cemetery established at the end of the 19th century, to further explore “the funerary question” as the broad range of beliefs, practices and material and mental imagery about Death and the memory of the dead. The study is addressed by three thematic axes articulated by the keywords secularization, panteón* and coleto. 1) Through secularization, the institutional rivalries between the Church and the State can be analyzed concerning the history of Chiapas, 2) By means of panteón* are examined the aspects relating the urban, artistic and ideological transformations caused by the new burial spatial organization and the emergence of new funerary practices in its former capital city, and 3) the demonym coleto is the key issue in the political and cultural matters behind the construction of the city’s and regional collective identities. The long-term perspective about the origin and development of this cemetery can bring a new questioning to that period of “modernization” in Chiapas. It can also help to reconsider the binary thought dominating the city for centuries, splitting it continuously between opposites such as religion/politics, colonial/national or indigenous/foreigner
El objetivo de la tesis consiste en reconstituir la historia social y cultural de la ciudad de San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, desde su fundación en 1528 hasta las primeras décadas del siglo XX. A partir del único cementerio que se instauró en la ciudad a fines del siglo XIX, la investigación explora de manera más amplia la aquí llamada “cuestión funeraria”; es decir, el conjunto de creencias, prácticas y representaciones mentales y materiales acerca de la muerte y la memoria de los difuntos. El estudio se divide en tres temas articulados, cada uno por una palabra clave: secularización, panteón y coleto. 1) Con el concepto de secularización se analizan las rivalidades institucionales entre la Iglesia y el Estado en la historia de Chiapas, 2) el término panteón expone las transformaciones urbanas, artísticas e ideológicas a partir de la reorganización de los lugares de defunción y la realización de nuevas prácticas funerarias en su antigua capital y 3) el gentilicio coleto nos lleva al centro de aspectos políticos y culturales que intervienen en la construcción de las identidades colectivas de la ciudad y la región. El análisis de larga duración acerca del nacimiento y desarrollo de este cementerio permite dar otras dimensiones a un período considerado de “modernización” en Chiapas. El mismo procedimiento ofrece también la posibilidad de superar la lógica binaria que domina a esta ciudad desde hace varios siglos, atrapándola continuamente entre polos antagónicos tales como lo religioso/lo político, lo colonial/lo nacional y lo indígena/lo extranjero
Lai, Cristian. "Modèle d'indexation sémantique de ressources de mémoires personnelle et collective basé sur une approche pair à pair." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1953.
Full textThe present thesis explores the use of a semantic approach for indexing resources that are shared among a community of users who are scattered in a peer-to-peer network. The thesis contributes to the studies of Semantic Indexing approaches that can be used both with resources owned within personal memories, and with resources that are shared in a distributed network. Because the system is generic, the exact nature of the distributed community can be left undefined but our narrower focus is on applications in the e-learning domain. To address the problem that resources have different types, an indexing system is proposed that is based on the user point of view and is performed manually. Indeed, because indices refer to the subjective information that is not necessarily contained in the resources or that are hard to extract from documents that are not textual, the indexing of such type of resources can only be done in an interactive way. We show that a unique approach can be taken that allows one to store documents in personal or collective memories. The approach requires suitable browsing interfaces for accessing ontologies that satisfy and facilitate indexing. We therefore also define an Indexing Patterns system for managing ontologies that can be utilized for creating indices. The method is intended to facilitate the browsing of ontologies by showing only that part of the ontology that is useful for indexing and can be employed by users of various operating systems. A related problem that we address concerns the difference between the publication context and the retrieval context. The solution poroposed in this thesis foresees different retrieval situations and queries during the time a resource is published and builds the index based on those assumptions. The intended practical application encapsulates in a transparent manner the functionalities that the user requires for managing the resources. The development of a prototype is guided by Architectural and Implementation descriptions of the indexing system, both of which are described in the thesis. Although the solution we offer is generic and can be used by different user communities, the approach benefits Domain Specific Communities in particular, by assisting specilized loose communities that are structured as peer to peer networks and that allow publishing and searching of documents
Laubie, Raphaëlle. "Les Déterminants de l’Action Collective en Ligne dans les Communautés Virtuelles de Patients : une Approche Multi-Méthodes." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED036/document.
Full textOver the last few years, virtual patients’communities have been developing tremendously over the Internet. These Web 2.0 communities allow frequent interactions among patients, who can share health-related information within an interactive environment. While many agree on the opportunity represented by those communities for its users, we know very little about what determines patients’ online collective action, specifically on virtual communities as well as the fundamentals of online collective action in these virtual spaces. Accordingly, this doctoral work examines why patients interact with others and how they interact on topics related to their disease through these virtual communities. Drawing on the goal-directed behavior (MGB), the expectancy-value (EVT) theories, the field force theory, gift concepts and field interviews, we have developed a model for examining patients’ online interactions and identified gift-giving behaviors in the context of online collective action. A multi-method, qualitative and quantitative approaches, enables us to explore patients’ interactions and measures the determinants of online collective action on these virtual spaces. The qualitative analysis of 54 interviews conducted with patients, patient’s relatives, Health 2.0 professionals, doctors and caregivers allows refining the research model, which has then been tested through a survey handled with 269 patients, members of patient’s communities. This research contributes to IS research by increasing our knowledge regarding the individual dynamics and interactions that surround online patients’ communities
DARDE, CHRISTIANE. "Les initiatives individuelles et collectives des femmes rurales approche socio-economique des activites des femmes du departement de bignona (senegal)." Montpellier, ENSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENSA0008.
Full textBenini, Romain. "Chansons dites « populaires » imprimées à Paris entre 1848 et 1851,approche stylistique et métrique." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0966.
Full textThe main goal of this research is to study 19th Century song through the prism of the popular. During the first half of the 19th Century, both objects (song and the popular) seem to become interdependent, with each contributing to the representation of the other. Since no fixed definition can be provided for the popular, a contextualized understanding of this notion is preferred. Its association with the genre of song, which has become almost obvious nowadays, was analysed based on a digitalized corpus of more than 600 texts selected according to historical, bibliographical and discursive criteria. After positing the importance of the text in the study of song and justifying the selection criteria for the corpus, we discuss the notion of the popular at the time period under scrutiny, we assess this denomination in relation with the corpus and we observe how songs construct a representation of their interdependence with the people. Our stylistic approach accounts for the texts’ singularities but it also assesses how valid the notion of auctoriality is for songs printed between 1848 and 1851 and discusses the situated and dynamic representation of authorship. Analyzing texts according to their authors casts light on the issues of circulations, common elements and recurrences in the corpus. In a writing context where some elements are available for all the actors, common elements can be used to mark how a textual production belongs in a specific discursive domain (that of popular song writers in our case). Metrical analysis is a decisive methodology to analyse what appears as the collective character of these forms and the semiological complexity of song writing. It allows us to identify massive recurrences in the corpus, to clarify the practice and perception of verse writing in synchrony and to account for the heterogeneity of less frequent configurations as well
Tricard, Benoît. "La genèse organisationnelle du risque d’accidents sur les chantiers de construction : une approche dialogique de l’activité collective organisée." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100017.
Full textThe thesis is about the organizational genesis of the risk of accidents on construction sites. The dialogical approach of collective activity considers that activity can be analyzed as a bakhtinian dialogue and by a dialogue (the contrary of rhetoric) involving the practitioners of the research field. In this thesis activity is analyzed using the methodology of inquiry (Dewey, 1938), a cooperative inquiry (Heron and Reason, 2001). The thesis shows that risk on construction sites is generated collectively and that it may be managed only by taking into account that activity is an interpretation, an interpretation of both artifacts and other activities. Risk depends on the social, spatial and temporal frame of this interpretation
Arezki, Djelloul. "La mobilisation collective des ressources humaines : un levier de pérennisation organisationnelle : une approche contingente dans quatre organisations festivalières." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0480.
Full textFestivals are organizations on the borderline between the events activities sector and the arts, culture and creation sector. They face an unstable, turbulent and constantly changing environment. Indeed, managers have to juggle with multiple economic, technological, political or societal contingencies (Soldo, 2018). Although more than 3000 festivals perform in France, a significant number of cultural organisations and event structures are temporarily/permanently closed, as showed by the "Cartocrise - Culture française tu te meurs -". This raises the question of the sustainability of these structures (Salaun, 2016); the latter represents a main challenge for festival managers. In this context, this doctoral work aims to understand how the collective mobilization of human resources can foster festival sustainability. More specifically, our study focus on addressing festivals sustainability we propose to provide solutions to the following problem: in order to ensure their sustainability to what extent can how festival organizations can use and promote the collective mobilization of their human resources? Using Dewey pragmatic-oriented approach, this work mobilizes the survey methodology. More specifically, the theoretical and conceptual framework built on the basis of a pre-exploratory study makes it possible to formulate two research proposals. We analyse these proposals using a multiple case study and identify theoretical, conceptual, methodological, managerial and pedagogical contributions
Kaunan, Ahou Christiane. "Pour une approche renouvelée des privilèges en droit des suretés français." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD023.
Full textThe Article 2093 of the Civil Code provides that: "The debtor's property is the common pledge of his creditors; and the price is distributed among them by contribution, unless there are legitimate reasons of preference between the creditors". Indeed, our law recognizes two categories of security interests that will allow to grant a creditor a payment preference over other creditors in the race: conventional security interests and Privileges .The Privileges are dealt with by the article 2324 of the Civil Code, which provides that they constitute:"[...] A right that the quality of the claim gives to a creditor to be preferred to other creditors, even mortgage creditors". Thus, reading this article allows us to understand that the Legislator has placed the privileges above other existing security interests. The privileges are a complex construction because, sometimes they borrow from the real law by respecting the rule of specialty, one of the founding principles of our real law, sometimes they constitute a "form" of general pledge, as we have seen with the wording of article 2093 of the Civil Code. Therefore, privileges may apply to both the entire assets of a debtor, with priority being given to the debtor's movable property and, in the event of insufficiency of movable property, to its immovable property. Privileges, when they are general, do not allow the extent of their bases to be determined in advance. In addition, the so-called special privileges affect a property determined in advance. Due to their preferential ranking and the retroactivity rule, which sometimes applies to certain privileges, they distort the order of payment of creditors and deprive creditors with conventional security interests of the possibility of recovering their claims. The latter are deprived of their status of privileged creditors who take precedence when settling all creditors. The legal regime of privileges in our contemporary law is not stable and its rules vary in the presence of a particular class of creditors. It is especially in the field of companies in difficulty that privileges stand out. In this area, the freezing of individual actions imposes the involuntary sacrifice of certain creditors, namely creditors holding conventional security interests for the benefit of privileged creditors, who are certain to be settled in priority at the time of payment of all creditors in race. This situation is totally arbitrary. These inequalities in treatment have pushed the legislator to carry out far-reaching reforms, the latest of which stems from Order No. 2006-346 of 23 March 2006. A second one is underway as the first reform missed some objectives; this project was tabled in 2017.The privileges, in law, have a distant origin, they date back to the 1804 Napoleonic Code and since then, the Legislator has constantly established them so that the volume of preferential claims absorbs all the assets of the unfortunate debtor. The exercise of privileges now struggles to be and legitimized in our law, as the rules of its accessibility is so arbitrary. To do justice is to attribute to everyone their due. This is why this study proposes to react to this empirical regime of privileges as we know it and proposes the restoration of the balance between the various creditors. This balance involves reducing the number of privileges and their scope for the competitiveness of our law on the international scene
Verschave, Guy. "La socialisation par les sports collectifs : une approche conative auprès des enseignants d'éducation physique et sportive." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841201.
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