Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Approche individuelle'
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Raynal, Dominique. "Une approche temporelle de l'offre individuelle de travail." Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10047.
Full textNumerous differences exist between the contents of o work contract and the aspirations of its holder : number of hours worked, insufficient revenue, lack of commitment to the task at hand etc. An approach to such inadequacies can, however, be made by means of time-budget studies of the way in which individual time is allocated to various activities, among which the work is one. By fixing an instantaneous moment of observation the development of a simple model of such time-allocation can provide an extension to the classical theory of labour supply. The importance is seen of behaviour thresholds concerning individual labour supply, wich depend on the quantity and quality of the work envisaged and the consumption objectives of both the individual and his household
Joubert, Nadia. "Offre individuelle de travail au noir : approche micro-économétrique." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/joubert_n.
Full textUndeclared labour persists across countries and centuries, so that it is difficult to distinguish its causes. We propose to explore three research topics. From a theoretical perspective, our objective consists in modelling undeclared labour supply while taking into account the official market. From the econometric perspective, the estimation of these models aims at levying some theoretical ambiguities and testing the validity of standard assumptions. The first topic focuses on the factors of participation to the underground economy and its intensity. We introduce entry fixed costs in the underground market and observe their amplitude. While lower than those in the official market, they still represent as much as one third of the potential income of non-participants. The second topic relates to taxation and fraud prevention policies. The structural econometric model endogenizes the subjective audit probabilities and penalty rates. Our results show that neighbourhood effects are important and that there is little gender wage discrimination in the market. Lastly, the assumptions of perfect substitutability of hours and additive separability of the utility function are rejected. Thirdly, focusing on social norms, we study the role of psychological and social considerations on the choice of the underground activity. According to our results, youngest people are very sensitive to the threat of social ostracism. By contrast, women would pay little attention to moral considerations, suggesting that the absence of fraud among women result from the fear of financial sanctions. Lastly, the hours worked, even assuming away uncertainty in the underground market, are imperfect substitutes
Raynal, Dominique. "Une Approche temporelle des comportements d'offre individuelle de travail." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600675x.
Full textJoubert, Nadia Rullière Jean-Louis. "Offre individuelle de travail au noir approche micro-économétrique /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2003. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2003/joubert_n.
Full textVaret, Julien Corcos Maurice. "Les automutilations à l'adolescence approche psychopathologique individuelle et lien social /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0487940.pdf.
Full textCausse, Elsa. "La différenciation individuelle : définition d’une approche théorique et comparaison de mesures." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21642/document.
Full textThe present dissertation is devoted to individual differentiation (ID), a notion that is present in three fields of research: identity, individualism/collectivism and perceived group variability. These three approaches do not consider ID at the same level of analysis and use different methods. Moreover, ID only has a peripheral place. Consequently, we do not know exactly what this notion covers. This work intended to develop the theoretical content of ID and operationalize it more precisely. With the aim to compare the existing methods, we used three measures of ID. A general and decontextualized scale, specific scales, separately contextualized and an implicit measure based on self and others descriptions. The impact of socio-professional status, gender, context and order of descriptions in the implicit measure were estimated within a population of cleaners and lawyers. Results showed a strong effect of status variables on ID. Important variations induced by context and order of descriptions were also observed. This research enabled to delimit ID approach and to develop its definition. ID refers to a socio-cultural norm that brings about two consequences: perception of uniqueness and quest of difference, located in self presentation strategies. The use of complementary measures appears necessary since these two effects are reached by different measures, general measure and implicit measure respectively. With these two measures, ID is more important in high-status groups. Specific scales refer to an explicit measure which produces the opposite result: more ID in low-status groups. This type of measure reveals a rejection of respective images associated to high and low-status groups. It enables us to understand that in everyday life, ID generates many paradoxes with regard to the needs of conformity and of group affiliation. This measure reflects the control of contradictions induced by ID that arise at an identitary level and a normative one
Grimal, Richard. "L'auto-mobilité au tournant du millénaire : une approche emboîtée, individuelle et longitudinale." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0056/document.
Full textCar ownership and use are a decisive part of our society, which was sometimes designed as the “civilization of the car”. Despite many critics, the car has become ever-more central in the modern way of life, with an ever-increasing number of cars per adult and proportion of trips realized by car. However, from the beginning of the millennium, there was a reversal in the trend towards ever-more car use. For the first time, the average number of daily trips realized by car has been falling down in French conurbations, and nationwide traffic by car is leveling off. This situation, nonetheless, is not specific to France but is common to many developed countries, and is often referred to as the “peak car (travel)”. The main explanations for such a downturn include rising fuel prices from the late 1990’s, followed by the recession in 2008, but also household’s willingness to control their travel time budgets, in a context of increasing commuting distances and reduced travel speeds. Besides, the diffusion of car ownership is approaching saturation. While on the long-run, average car travel per adult is indexed on motorization, mid-term fluctuations of average car use per vehicle are related to the energetic purchasing power, and a simple model based on these two variables is suggesting that the stagnation of car use from the 2000’s could be a reaction of a usual kind to an exceptional rise in fuel prices. The growth in motorization is itself principally caused by the follow-up of ever-more motorized generations, especially among women, given their increasing access to driving license, job participation and ever-more diffuse land use patterns, which have increased the need for a second car within households. In order to model auto-mobility, a nested, individual and longitudinal approach is implemented, segmented by gender. Auto-mobility can indeed be seen as a follow-up of nested choices, as driving license is necessary for holding a car, while access to a personal vehicle is itself required for car use. The advantage of a longitudinal approach consists in the ability to distinguish between measures of heterogeneity and sensitivity, which can be shown not to be equivalent. For every given level of choice, the approach is based on an age-cohort-period-type analysis. Motorization rates happen to be more heterogeneous among women, a result which is likely to receive an interpretation either of a social or economic nature. According to the first interpretation, it should be regarded as the illustration of gender inequalities. However, it could also be regarded as reflecting the still-intermediary status of the second vehicle, which opportunity is assessed depending upon household’s specific needs and constraints. On the contrary, car use is at the same time higher and more heterogeneous among men, given the collective function of the first vehicle and household’s internal trade-offs in residential and job choices. Finally, average partial effects and elasticities are estimated from panel data models, either with respect to income, fuel prices or density. Generally, results are consistent with the descriptive part, as with the literature. The model also rationally gives account of the decreasing trend for elasticities, which was often noticed in the literature and reflects the approach of saturation. As a conclusion, an a posteriori evaluation of the assumption of a sequential decision process is made, confirming that choices of motorization and car use are mutually independent
Kamla, Vivient Corneille. "Un modèle stochastique pour la propagation du VIH/SIDAUne approche individuelle-centrée." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU3017.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to develop an individual-based model of the population dynamics of HIV/AIDS in a heterosexual population that includes polygamous and clients-sex worker relationships. Each individual has a certain number of attributes concerning his/her sexual behaviour, infectivity, and fertility. The model attempts to be more realistic than existing models by incorporating a number of relevant demoepidemiologic parameters. The model incorporates various forms of heterogeneity and can easily be extended. The duration between partnerships and the duration of long-term partnerships have a small effect on the spread of the disease. The peak probability of transmission during the early high infectivity period and the monthly number of prostitute visits have a large effect on the spread. If each client visits one prostitute per month the disease cannot spread. If this number doubles to two, then 80% of prostitutes, 40% of clients, and 14% of the population at large become infected. With a maximum probability of transmission of 0. 018, the disease disappears, even with two visits per month. Our work highlights the importance of the probability of transmission and of the client-sex worker relationship
Nisolle, Joëlle. "Le marketing de la maison individuelle en France et aux Etats-Unis : une approche anthropologique." Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090063.
Full textWester, Lea. "Transports collectifs et initiative individuelle : approche des transports collectifs artisanaux par l'auto-organisation et les systèmes multi-agents." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0096.
Full textSeveral metropolises have not any centralized collective transport system, neither private nor public. Alternative solutions appeared, their caracteristics are principally that the ownership is spread out and the vehicle crew is self-directed. The mode of organization of these transports allows them to adapt dynamically to the demand.We propose to analyse the caracteristics of these systems by means of multi-agents modeling and self-organization theory. Using several models, we show how structures and dynamics of these systems are linked to individual strategies and urban structure.Through the question of adaptability of collective transport, small-scale transports led to concern about urban dimensions of collective mobility and flexibilisation of transport services
Vogin, Guillaume. "Amélioration de la tolérance de la radiothérapie par une approche individuelle radiobiologique et une démarche conceptuelle unifiée en hadronthérapie." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10218/document.
Full text5 to 15% of the 175,000 patients treated with radiation therapy (RT) annually are exposed to toxicity considered "unusual" that can lead to serious sequelae. Innovative photon RT techniques provide relevant but inappropriate ballistic solution for certain tumors or certain patients. Two approaches guide solutions to these situations.1- Contribution to the development of carbon ion RT. These particles possess a mass and a charge that give them particularly interesting ballistics and biological properties. The rarity of eligible tumors and the low care offer have failed conducting randomized controlled trials to evaluate its cost-effectiveness. Throughout the FP7-ULICE project, we directly produced standard operating procedures in terms of basic data collection, protocol structuring and processing of metadata. We proposed original concepts to describe and report the dose and volume of interest, beyond the restricted concept of RBE. 2- A novel biomarker of individual radiosensitivity (IRS). The identification of the patients the most at risk of developing the most severe reactions remains a major challenge. There is no gold standard in the field of IRS assays.From fibroblasts primocultures sampled from patients with an unusual toxicity, the number of residual DNA double-stand breaks 24h after radiation and estimated by indirect immunofluorescence (marker γH2AX) allows to identify three groups of IRS. However this single marker is not robust enough. The delay of ATM nucleoshuttling appears to refine our classification. A new mechanistic model has been developed
Boissonnade, Romain. "Apprendre et raisonner : approche développementale et socio-cognitive du rôle des situations collectives et individuelles d'apprentissage." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00663351.
Full textGuillou, Lauriane. "Le public du Festival d'Avignon : des expériences vécues au temps remémoré : une approche communicationnelle de la mémoire individuelle et collective." Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG1205.
Full textWhy does 73 years old festival still gather an audience around the same idea: producing a popular theatre (théâtre populaire) of his time? Yet the Avignon Festival’s audience evolves over generations, the core idea of this practice remains identical: discovering and encountering, artistic risktaking and debate. Throughout successive editions, boards and programs, the festival’s institutionalization led to basics and values around which an audience congregates. Doing the Festival (faire le Festival) calls on the participatory audience posture admitting a certain engagement in the role of spectator. The audience lives its own experience and appropriates the spectatoriel community’s. “The sky, the night and the glorious stone”… and then? This thesis in Information and Communication Sciences is a study of historicity regimes (régimes d’historicité) that is to say the relation to the past in the present time, through practices, discourses, mediations… To this end, between 2015 and 2019, a field inquiry was led. We collected more than 7 390 questionnaires and 50 interviews. Digital is a preferred entrance for an understanding of memory related dynamics and practices, our and other’s, and how it can enrich an experience, the festival one, as well as our general cultural experience as a spectator. The field study shows that the audience’s online involvement is characterized by an interest for audiovisual contents related to artists and plays. This inquiry reports how the relation to the experience, to the institution’s past, to archives and tracks of our festivals respond to each other and eventually testify of a cultural democratization’s potential of this individual and collective memory
Boissonnade, Romain. "Apprendre et raisonner : approche développementale et socio-cognitive du rôle des situations collectives et individuelles d’apprentissage." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20097/document.
Full textResearch on how children conceptualize the principles of physics classically emphasizes intraindividual processes or collective situations. Individual situations and their consequences on the development of concepts are poorly defined. A pre-/post-test study was conducted in a school setting with 106 ten-year-old children. Children had to predict, justify and generally explain the phenomenon of buoyancy exhibited by objects immersed in water. During the training phases, they were free to use objects and instruments to write a general explanation. This task was repeated three times, which enable us to compare four experimental conditions: (1) children who worked individually; (2) children who worked in close collaboration; (3) children who began working individually, then worked in a dyad, and then worked again individually; and (4) children who began working in dyads, then worked individually, and then worked again in dyads. Evolution of cognition differed. When they are trained regularly in dyads, children develop better justifications of their particular predictions. Working in dyads enriches their argumentative repertoire to describe objects’ reactions. The individual-dyadic-individual training was the only experimental condition that led to progressively more accurate predictions. This specific combination may lead to a restructuration of cognitive processes. Each combination of social situation has a different effect on the childrens’ ability to predict, justify and generally explain. During the training, general and specific analyses of the practices of the children helped us to propose a detailed interpretation: these analyses show that children are confronted with different contradictions depending not only on their interactions with peers, but also with heterogeneous objects and tools. Future research is proposed
Ahrari, Shamimeh. "Implémentation de la radiomique en routine clinique : approche individuelle et analyse de la composante temporelle par des approches d’apprentissage automatique en TEP pour la neuro-oncologie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/DDOC_T_2024_0092_AHRARI.pdf.
Full textWith the growing emphasis on personalized medicine, a non-invasive glioma characterization tool is essential, aiding clinicians in making optimal decisions to improve patient survival while preserving their quality of life. Medical imaging techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) offer a promising solution in neuro-oncology for the non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of gliomas. In this context, PET molecular imaging, particularly with amino acid radiotracers such as 18F-FDOPA, is currently recommended by international guidelines as an adjunct to conventional MRI. Advancements in image processing are now focused on quantifying tumor heterogeneity through the massive extraction of characteristics, known as radiomics analysis. However, this analysis has primarily been applied to static images acquired at a fixed time, ignoring the temporal dimension. In contrast, dynamic analysis offers a unique perspective by capturing the temporal variations of tumor metabolism, providing complementary information to static analysis. While region-based dynamic parameters have shown promising results for the initial diagnosis, they have limitations in detecting glioma recurrences. This thesis therefore explores the potential of machine learning-based radiomics analysis on dynamic PET acquisition at the voxel level to identify biomarkers of interest for glioma cancer indications. The temporal dimension of radiomics analysis can be addressed on two levels: by tracking the kinetics of tumor metabolism through single-time-point dynamic acquisition, and by monitoring changes in patient status over multiple examinations. Initially, this work investigated the impact of point spread function deconvolution, a common post-reconstruction technique at our institution, on voxel-based dynamic analysis. Subsequently, the first aspect of the temporal dimension was evaluated through radiomics analysis of single-time-point dynamic PET images at the voxel level. The prognostic value of this analysis for glioma recurrence detection was modest. Therefore, the temporal dimension of radiomics analysis was further explored by examining changes in radiomics features between two consecutive PET scans, aiming to monitor the post-treatment status of patients with glioma. A multicenter validation study was then conducted to assess the potential of integrating radiomics analysis into clinical practice. The objective was to investigate the impact of an explainable radiomics model on the diagnostic performance of physicians in determining the aggressiveness of suspected gliomas at the initial diagnosis. To go further, the feasibility of adapting deep learning algorithms to the analysis of 18F-FDOPA PET imaging is encouraging. This approach could provide greater flexibility in model explainability while capturing the complex relationships between PET imaging features and patient outcomes
Rakotomena, Mialy. "Les liens d'influence des déterminants de la compétence interculturelle individuelle : cas des dirigeants étrangers à Madagascar : approche par les cartes cognitives." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20149.
Full textSliwa, Julia. "Représentation des individus par le macaque Rhésus : approche neurophysiologique et comportementale." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979701.
Full textCongard, Anne. "Approche longitudinale de la variabilité interindividuelle et intra-individuelle des affects : vers une meilleure compréhension de l'interaction entre personnalité et évènements de vie." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10071.
Full textBresson, Morgane. "Quelles stratégies de prévention primaire peuvent-elles être envisagées pour prévenir les risques liés aux pesticides, en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC423.
Full textPesticide exposure increases the risk of some long-term disease among farmers. Prevention currently relies on the application of “good agricultural practices”, which are poorly defined and far from farmers’ usual practices. Our aim was to contribute to prevention in France, by adopting a dual systemic and individual approach, aimed at improving consideration of farmers’ actual exposures and proposing appropriate solutions.The first part of this thesis studied the conservative approach of occupational exposure prediction models, by comparing exposures measured in various usual working contexts with those calculated by the models. Regulatory models underestimate the exposure of agricultural operators, particularly in fruit growing, green spaces and field crops, by overestimating the effectiveness of personal protective equipment and neglecting some exposure determinants. For re-entry/harvest workers, exposure after several days is also underestimated.In the second part, following a diagnosis of farmers’ preventive practices, a multi-component intervention was developed, based in particular on psychosocial theories and designed to influence behavior, as an alternative to standard Certiphyto training. Farmers do not always adopt preventive practices despite their knowledge of the risks, due to perceived barriers, social norms and self-efficacy. An intervention has been designed, including practical demonstrations, a peer trainer and processes of commitment and social norm change. Its effectiveness will be assessed by objective (urinary exposures) and self-reported (behaviours, psychosocial perceptions) criteria.This thesis proposes to integrate farmers’ actual exposures more closely into prevention, both in regulatoryprocesses and in training to encourage the adoption of protective practices. We need to continue our efforts to reach other highly exposed but poorly trained workers, and adopt a multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach to reducing pesticide risks
Faria-Fortecoëf, Clarisse. "Formation tout au long de la vie en Europe : approche comparée exploratoire centrée sur l'initiative individuelle : le cas de la France et du Portugal." Paris 8, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA083809.
Full textWith the introduction of specific legal frameworks to training, as part of the Lisbon strategy and which aims at achieving the objectives of the European Union by 2010, European countries like France and Portugal, provide a favourable framework to the employee with for example, the creation of a right to the education or training, in which the different actors have a new role to play. The individual is thus expected to become actor of his development throughout life. After having seen how progressively we moved from a context of continuing education or lifelong education to the one of lifelong vocational education and training in Europe, the research has for goal to be situated in the comparative education field by producing an approach centred on individual initiative. The question then becomes: Beyond the cultural, economical, social and historical diversities, what has been set up in France and Portugal for addressing the problematic of Lifelong Learning and what is the individual initiative degree that it means or involves?A contextualization work based on official documents, programs, implementations, investigations and testimonials, represents the opportunity to bring out the common trends and the dimension or significance of the differences between the both studied countries. The research then tries to establish links, by scale changing between a macro and a meso level (historical and legal frameworks, programs, devices, implementations, etc. ) as well as with a micro level (individual paths), and suggests an exploratory comparative approach of four educational individual trajectories. Finally, by focusing on individual paths, a new problematization of the individual initiative in training, is proposed: How does an individual who learns on his own initiative use the available schemes to build his project and individualize his educational path?
Germain, Marion. "The links between dispersal and individual fitness : correlation or causality ? : exploring mechanisms using correlative and experimental approaches in a passerine bird species, the collared flycatcher." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Zooekologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254731.
Full textJoint PhD Uppsala, Lyon
Delfour, Serge. "Étude du répertoire des procédures de copie d'un dessin géométrique : approche développementale." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30071/document.
Full textPiaget, Inhelder and Szeminska (1948) analysed the age evolution of a geometric drawing two-lines composed and forming an angle. The results obtained are interpreted in the stadist piagetian model. In accordance with the strategy choice model (Siegler, 1996; 2007) and with the intra-individual variability importance (Lautrey, 2003), our thesis takes up this analysis with hypothesis that each participant have at his disposal several procedures. We explore the 6 to 12 aged children and adult procedural repertory by suggesting the copy in different experimental conditions: spontaneous copy, several copies in proceeding (in other way), copy with specific instrument use,. We also attempt to complete this repertory by showing the participant a procedure he could not have produced by himself. The obtained results are suitable with plural models of development: from the age of ten, the children have several strategies for copying the drawing. However, the intra-individual variability observed in this task is forced by experimental conditions and instrumental and conceptual knowledge of the participant, in particular the acquisition of angle concept
Reveyrand-Coulon, Odile. "Strategies individuelles ou contraintes collectives. Approche psychologique et anthropologique de la migration des bassari (senegal oriental) a dakar." Toulouse 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU20009.
Full textThis study deals with the bassari who migrate from a traditional and village oriented society (organized according the following structures: animis, self subsistence economy, clans, masks, age-grades, acephalous system of authority) to dakar (synonymn of urbanization, ethnic pluralism, islamization, westernization). This analysis is based on participating observation, interviews, rorschach projective tests, and investigates the psychological modes of adaptation of the bassari's person in the context of migration. This research reveals the form of acculturation and the means which are a priori at the disposal of the person in this situation, or are generated by it. This work rises the problem of the future of personal and cultural identity of the migrant. It analyses the specific way in which operates the psychology of individuals who move from a collective oriented culture to a more individualistic one. The dissertation looks at the ethnic representations and the system of interrelationships which are at stake in the group of migrants (family maintained, failure of association). On the whole it appears that anybody among the bassari don't migrate, and migration is an attempt to solve personal conflicts
Clercier, Chantal. "Un tissage aux fils de soi : contribution à une approche de la construction de l’identité des femmes par leur présentation vestimentaire." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU1003.
Full textThe research examines how the individual (in this case, women) fashions the construction of outward appearance within an interior/exterior dialectic. The place of the imagination is embedded in the daily, repetitive act of dressing This research is focused on the connotations of dress. Staging of the body offers a particularly individualist presentation of the self. Clothes predominate in the choice of the artifices employed to modify the image of the body. Such personal dress codes are formative, inventive, occasioonally restrictive. This stufy provides a deeper insight into the link between us and our clothes. The researcher makes a point of highlighting the warp and weft of these habits which interweave the threads of history, the formative, transformative, unifying and creative character of this woven element. The modelling proposef outlines identity according to four dimensions : knowledge, technical and social evolution, context, social and cultural mediation. The daily staging of the fashioning of the being hinges around a twofold inter-relationship between codes/representations and experience/corporal singularity. As an outsider creating a system in the construction of the staging of the self, chothes are transformative in the shaping of the singular self, part and parcel of the accomplishment of the being
Jilinskaya, Mariya. "Approche psychométrique et différentielle de la mesure du leadership par la méthode à 360 degrés : artefact et réalité dans l’hétéro-évaluation." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100112/document.
Full textThis thesis is centered on leadership assessment through multi-rater evaluation, commonly known as 360 degrees assessment. First, leadership models were presented, and then, we discussed the measurement aspects of leadership, wherein we observed that some tools became full fledged psychometric assessments owning to the growing popularity of their underlying theory. Nevertheless, the concerns over the inherent limitations of self-report measures continued to be a major challenge in leadership assessment. This led to a new assessment approach called 360 degrees in which the characteristics of leaders are assessed by people working with them (subordinates, colleagues, superiors...) and compared with the leaders' self-appraisals. The focal point of this thesis was to study the advantages as well as the limitations of this approach. The study started with examining how well the variables which are supposed to explain the inter-rater variability were actually helpful in understanding the observed variance among observers. Those analysis yielded significant results despite the fact that those variables could explain only a very limited amount of variance. Following these observations, the study switched its focus from inter-group differences to intra-group / inter-rater agreement and disagreement. Finally, the last part of this thesis gets back to methodological and theoretical basics of measurement theory and proposes a psychometric model that would suit the 360 degrees assessments followed by a conceptual framework for the studies using multi-rater techniques
Oualha, Mehdi. "Modélisation pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique de l'adrénaline et de la noradrénaline chez l'enfant." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955862.
Full textJabbour, Rhéa. "La discrimination à raison de l'apparence physique (lookisme) en droit du travail français et américain : approche comparatiste." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010310/document.
Full textThe obsession with looks is predominant in our societies. The question of looks-based (weight, height, general attractiveness, attire, hair style, hygiene, piercings or tattoos, .. ) discrimination or lookism in the workplace is a multi-disciplinary question in relation to legal, social, ethical psychological, and business-related aspects, having a global and historical impact. Stereotypes are directly reflected in the job market (mainly in recruitment, salaries, promotion and firing). Has an employer the right to only hire tall and thin woman, to prohibit piercing or jogging or even (fire a woman for being too 'attractive'? In which cases and jobs? Should we legally prohibit lookism? How can the law and case law create a balance between the rights and liberties at stake? This thesis will shed the light on (i) the international, European, French and American (federal, sta1 and local) legal framework; (ii) major obstacles to a lookism-prohibition (difficulty of proof subjectivity, absence of a defined legal category; the employers' counter-arguments, ...), (iii) the reactions of American and French case law; and (iv) will conceive an ideal law, in balance between the rights and interests at hand. One question arises : is the law sufficient by itself? Does society changes the laws or is it the other way around?
Troufleau, Pascal. "La diffusion de l'habitat et sa réglementation." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010511.
Full textThe spread of urbanization is not only a matter of soil consumption or of propensity for detached houses. The regional traditions of settlement, the forms of urbanization, the type of localization and the geographical location act on the process and are part of the phenomenon. The small towns of Picardy, for instance, build more or less houses, according to the nearness of Paris. But the local consumption of space is also determined by the socioeconomic features, the types of planning permision petitioner and the use of development plans. The geographical consequences of these ones are important because of their present generalization. But they are inappropriate in the cases of low dynamism and in the rural districts. As a matter of fact, it's the local level of the French development plans which poses a problem for an harmonious spread of urbanization and which hinders a good adaptation of the land supply to the regional demand for housing
Compin, Frédéric. "Approche sociologique de la criminalité financière." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EVRY0001/document.
Full textThe sociological perspective of financial crime not only reveals the inherent shortcomings of basing its legal treatment on a repressive framework and its economic treatment on a cost/benefit ratio, but by favouring a more syncretic approach, also helps clarify the nature of interactions between criminal actors and their socioeconomic environment. This thesis is based on four fundamental hypotheses. Financial crime is the result of individual deviant behaviour. It is the last stage of financial capitalism. It arises from the manipulation of financial information. The struggle against this scourge represents achallenge to civilisation. The demonstration of these hypotheses is based on a dual empirical and practical approach.The empirical approach aims to study the key criminal actors. Fieldwork interviews with magistrates, union members, tax officers, expert accountants, auditors and academics validate both the fundamental hypotheses and long-term difficulties involved in waging an effective battle against this type of intellectual crime. The first part of the thesis takes a socio-normative approach to financial crime with a view to developing a theoretical reflection on the means to be implemented to gauge the extent of damage to the community. Thus, the first area of research builds on an “epistemological approach to financial crime” (Chapter 1). The second studies the implications of the damaged integrity of the trust economy (Chapter 2).The second part of the thesis seeks to gain an insight into agents and actors involved in organising financial criminal activities. Such crime is only conceivable when agents firmly believe that they are entitled to absolute and unjust enrichment (Chapter 3). Taking a legal approach to these actors helps understand how these particular crimes are committed. Arethey isolated economic deviants? By analysing their characteristics and history, the specificity of major financial criminals is highlighted (Chapter 4). This approach identifies the reasons why these criminal agents are not isolated when they collude with criminally-minded groups (Chapter 5). They benefit from the complicity of institutional actors, who indirectly contributeto the emergence of financial crime, (Chapter 6), and give financial crime a dimension which goes far beyond the individual responsibility of the perpetrators. Finally, the third part of the thesis develops concrete proposals to resolve the dilemma inflicted by the criminal economy on a given community. Using both traditional fieldwork techniques and sociological reasoning drawn from various bodies of thought in social sciences, acts of financial crime are analysed, (Chapter 7) revealing the important role played by those leading the fight against this scourge (Chapter 8). Their testimonies lead to anevaluation of proposals for combating financial crime and their conditions of possibility (Chapter 9)
Kergoat, Marine. "Approche psychosociale et différentielle des évaluations sensorielles : intensité affective et préférences tactiles." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100200/document.
Full textThe blind sensory evaluation of consumer products often yields to heterogeneous clusters of preference. For instance, some participants have a preference for soft textiles whereas others do not have such a preference. To understand these preferences, 9 studies were conducted (N = 1128) according to a double approach: differential and functional. A differential approach systematically explored the cognitive, affective and social determinants of sensory preferences. The visual-tactile evaluation of fabrics (car seat fabrics and fabrics mainly treated with softener agents) coupled to dispositional measures highlighted the predictive value of the Affect Intensity construct (Larsen, 1984). Within a functional approach (i.e. function of attitudes; Katz, 1960; Smith, Bruner, & White, 1956) we tested the hypothesis that function of arousal regulation (Larsen, 2009) was the motivational mechanism underlying these preferences. Consumers liking soft textiles live more intensely their positive emotions and react more intensely to stimuli inducing negative emotions. On the basis of a multidimensional approach of the Affect Intensity construct (Bryant, Yarnold, & Grimm, 1996), we discussed the motivational determinants likely to be involved in consumer preference for soft textiles
Erbetta, Alejandro. "Mémoire et (re)construction d'histoires individuelles, familiales et collectives (approches photographiques)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080033.
Full textIn a time of exacerbation of the self-representation (through the socialnetworks, among other things), our subject of study proposes a reflection onmemory and the reconstruction of histories in the artistic practices. Using as astarting point a personal photographical work (Reprises), we propose a linkbetween theory and creation, in a dialectic that starts from the analysis ofpersonal works, to establish a dialogue with theorists and contemporaryartworks dealing with these issues. In this kind of retrospective approaches thatreinterpret the past, the artists work from the material and memory traces, suchas the images of family albums, archives, documents, or testimonies. Mixingdifferent esthetical universes in a new unity, they make coexist their ownimages with existing sources, disappeared lives with their own existences. Theirworks thus become a artistic re-creation and postulate a special narrative spacewhich evokes a poetics of the memory. Partial and fragmentary, they show anarrative reconfigured by the imaginary and the editing. They exceed thestrictly photographical field and open their language to the dialogue with otherarts, taking the form of hybrid artworks. What relation can be set betweenmemory, reconstruction and identity, between individual and collectivehistory ? If the past is being transformed, how to rebuild it ?
Erbetta, Alejandro. "Mémoire et (re)construction d'histoires individuelles, familiales et collectives (approches photographiques)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080033.
Full textIn a time of exacerbation of the self-representation (through the socialnetworks, among other things), our subject of study proposes a reflection onmemory and the reconstruction of histories in the artistic practices. Using as astarting point a personal photographical work (Reprises), we propose a linkbetween theory and creation, in a dialectic that starts from the analysis ofpersonal works, to establish a dialogue with theorists and contemporaryartworks dealing with these issues. In this kind of retrospective approaches thatreinterpret the past, the artists work from the material and memory traces, suchas the images of family albums, archives, documents, or testimonies. Mixingdifferent esthetical universes in a new unity, they make coexist their ownimages with existing sources, disappeared lives with their own existences. Theirworks thus become a artistic re-creation and postulate a special narrative spacewhich evokes a poetics of the memory. Partial and fragmentary, they show anarrative reconfigured by the imaginary and the editing. They exceed thestrictly photographical field and open their language to the dialogue with otherarts, taking the form of hybrid artworks. What relation can be set betweenmemory, reconstruction and identity, between individual and collectivehistory ? If the past is being transformed, how to rebuild it ?
Wassenberg, Renske. "Differential cognitive development: a neuropsychological approach." Maastricht : Maastricht : Neuropsych Publishers ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2007. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=8689.
Full textHammer, Yana. "Les déterminants individuels du succès dans la carrière : une approche transculturelle." Toulouse 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU10019.
Full textThis intercultural research focuses on the subject of determinants of career success. Two groupes of caracteristics are analysed : personality ones and those related to social exchange. Our results show the importance of both of these groups of caracteristics for career success, and point out that the effect of each of them depend on the population and on the facet of career sucess
Georgsdottir, Asta Solveig. "La flexibilité cognitive : une approche différentielle et développementale." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05A002.
Full textDejoux, Cécile. "La gestion des compétences individuelles et organisationnelles : approches GRH et stratégiques multi-sectorielles." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0050.
Full textThe goal of this research consists in assessing the existence and nature of the links between individual and organisational competencies. The literature shows the emerging conditions and the characteristics of the concept of individual competencies management in human resources management and the concept of organisational competencies in relation to "the resource-based view theory". A choice of variables related to the uses of competencies management and a body of hypotheses are given. The empirical part confronts the question of research with business practices. It is based on a quantitative analysis, supplemented by a qualitative analysis. The statistical study clarifies the relation between individual and organisational levels of competence. This also gives rise to the development of a classification of the organisations engaged in the process of competency management. The qualitative study, elaborated through a content analysis, specifies the classifications discovered and allows us to propose an experimental model "the competency pyramid", which encompasses this concept in its entirety. The principal results suggest that the extent to which organisational competencies is used is even higher when individual competencies are taken into consideration in an annual evaluation which is a criterion of salary. Furthermore, it seems that the extent to which organisational competencies are employed depends on the number of years that individual competencies management have been practised
Pasini, Jérémy. "Mobilités spatiales, usages du téléphone mobile et développement socio-économique dans le Moungo central (Cameroun) : une étude au prisme des spatialités individuelles." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20047/document.
Full textThis work considers physical mobilities and wireless telecommunication as a resource, because they help people to construct, organize and adapt livelihoods to the new conditions that may arise. According to Robert Chambers and Gordon Conway (1991), rural livelihoods generally comprise several activities like cultivation, hunting, wage labour, trading, offering services in transport, etc. These activities variously provide food, cash and other goods to satisfy human needs. The activities form a system of places that are used on a regular basis. In case of chocs or opportunity, individuals have to leave certain activities and adopt others that are less exposed to risks and more profitable. In other terms, they arrange differently their living space in the sense that they stop using certain places and start using others. Michel Lussault (2007; 2003) calls “spatiality” the ability of an individual to adjust his geographical position, as well as the position of his activities, in order to meet his proper objectives
Vagost, Estelle. "Contribution à l’étude du droit de la pénurie : approche civiliste." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0322.
Full textPuzdriac, Camelia. "Espace individuel et groupal pour penser la transition en Roumanie : approche psychosociologique clinique." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100033.
Full textAt the end of the year 1989, the Romanian people entered a multi-dimensional period of transition. Along the 20th century, it went through a very sinuous period of its history - through monarchy, wars, temporary governments, a repositioning of its frontiers, a long communist period, followed by a short revolution that took place in a period of rather brutal mutations of the countries in the soviet block, even if Romania had a special position in this context. This research has been realized on four generations, by means of semi-coordinated individual and group interviews. It is about a clinical perspective on the daily life of the Romanian people, which analyses the relation of the individuals as a psychic, family group and social subject, through the instrumentality of a social contract, created by the communist regime. The ability a subject can create / find in himself in order to adapt to the post-communist period changes and to new external social groups - thus, to his own potential future - depends on a fragment of the irrepresentable psychological marks which he shares with the collective events which left a mark on the destiny of his predecessors and on his own delusive investment in these marks. All along the life histories of our participants, we emphasized the social contract established by the regime with the common citizen, depending on the characteristics of the tyrannical bond, on the perverse mechanism of creating and maintaining this contract and on the totalitarianism's effects on the psychic in Romania
Sanchez, Mathieu. "Identification du risque individuel de rupture des anévrysmescérébraux intra crâniens : une approche biomécanicienne." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20257/document.
Full textThe individual risk of rupture of cerebral aneurysm is a major stake in the clinical treatment. The aneurismal rupture occurs when the intra-parietal stress exceeds the rupture stress of the material of the aneurismal wall. The goal of our study is to be a step toward a new biomechanical measure of an individual risk of rupture of cerebral aneurysm. First, an experimental study was performed to characterize the biomechanical behavior of the aneurismal wall on 16 samples of aneurysms removed by neurosurgery. The experimentation on the samples allowed us to reach three main categories of tissues for each sex (female and male): soft, intermediate and stiff. All the unruptured aneurysms belong to the stiff category or the intermediate category and all the ruptured aneurysms belong to the soft category. This is allowed us to give prominence to the correlation between the risk of rupture and the properties of the material of the aneurismal wall. Then, Fluid/Structure interaction computations (FSI) were performed to compare the strain of a “patient-specific” aneurysm composed of a degraded and undegraded material. The results show that the properties of the material have a major impact on the scope of the aneurismal volume variation over the cardiac cycle. The volume variation changes depending on the properties of the tissue are potentially viewable by medical imaging. A study of the uncertainties of the parameters is also proposed and shows the robustness of the results. We also demonstrated on 12 cases of “patient-specific” aneurysms that a significant difference stiff exists in terms of volume variation over the cardiac cycle between an aneurysm composed of a stiff and a soft material. This study suggests that the aneurismal volume variation could be used as a basis for an evaluation of the individual risk of rupture of cerebral aneurysms
GALI, JOSEP. "L'evaluation des extensions de marque par les consommateurs une approche explicative basee sur les differences individuelles." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHEC0020.
Full textPrevious research has not examined the possible existence of individual differences when evaluating brand extensions. I suggest that the variables that explain individual differences in evaluating brand extensions are brand involvement, expertise, perceived competebce, brand sensitivity and the perception of brand differences. The most significant research findings are as follows: 1. Individuals differ notably in their evaluation of brand extension 2. Research aimed at explaining these differences revals that perceived competence, brand sensibility and perceived brand differences do not explain the different evaluations obtained. The link between involvement and evaluations of brand extensions is very weak. Expertise is the variable that reveals the stronges t explantaory value. The more expert one is in a particular product category, the less likely one is to accept an extension of a brand that is "alien" to that category
Lancry, Alain. "Mémoire et vigilance : approche chronopsychologique différentielle." Lille 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL30011.
Full textIn a first part, after having recalled the existence of biological and psychological rhythms connected with each other, the author develops the differential aspect concerning more particularly the psychological and behavioral manifestations which are typical of vigilance (typology morningness - eveningness). The methodolical technics of measure of vigilance are then exposed, discussed and one of them is improved. The second part deals with the fluctuations of mnesic efficiency both in short term and in long term, connected with the circadian modifications of vigilance. On one hand, it appears that vigilance and mnesic efficiency (especially in the short term) have a parallel process during the day if the material used to memo- rize is sophisticated enough. On the other hand, the evolutions of performance and vigilance depend on the typology of subjects. The ability for the subject to organize the information seems to clear out these fluctuations. This statement makes the author ask a question about the role of the operational activity of the subject in the emergence of performing variations during the day. This question is dealt in three ways : about the structural nature of information ; in a recognition task ; in the study of the mental load. Finally, in the last part, we deal with the role of keeping the nycthemeral rhythm sleep - activity : through the study of mnesic efficiency of school children whose sleep duration remains steady or not during a week at school and through the study of the effects of modifications of the sleeping times for morning and evening subjects
Sanchez, Mathieu. "Identification du risque individuel de rupture des anévrismes cérébraux intra crâniens : une approche biomécanicienne." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767750.
Full textIhout, Sophia. "Approche comparative des soins psychiatriques et des libertés individuelles des patients en droit français et anglo-américain." Thesis, Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080034.
Full textToday, the quality of psychiatric care represents a public health issue. More than one person in four is exposed to mental disorders throughout his / her life. Care can be provided in mental institutions (inpatient care) or in the city through medical consultations (outpatient care). Psychiatric hospitalization can be voluntary or forced but it must respect some important criteria in order to enforce his fundamental rights and civil liberties. Indeed, psychiatric care cannot be separated from the exercise of the patient’s rights. Yet psychiatry did not always have a good reputation. Accused of being useless and dangerous to the sick, psychiatric care is deeply associated with the use of contention. Poor health conditions in mental institutions and physical abuse have undermined the standing of psychiatric care throughout the 19th and 20th centuries: enchainment, molestation, humiliation, malnourishment of the “insane”, use of seclusion, sedation and physical contention (restraint straps), etc. The institutional psychotherapy and the antipsychiatric movements have emerged in order to put an end to these forms of abuse and improve the quality of care and health conditions in mental institutions. Nowadays, the purpose of these currents of thoughts is to ensure the patient’s fundamental rights and improve the standard of care. Mental institutions must not constitute a place of confinement and segregation. Quality of care must be associated with the exercise of rights such as the freedom of movement in and out of the hospital, the right to correspondence or to refuse a treatment, etc. However, recent cuts in the financial resources of hospitals create great difficulties regarding the quality of care and the respect of patients’ rights: staff reduction, CCTV implementation, patient seclusion in their own room, etc. French, British and American laws will be compared in order to tackle their resemblances and differences regarding involuntary hospitalization. Our subject will also include inmates and homeless people suffering from mental disorders and their medical care when available. Access to care is especially difficult for these patients due to their precarious situation or the resistance of prison authorities. Then, medication safety and efficiency will be addressed: indeed, it constitutes the first source of psychiatric care along with mental institutions
Ploux, Sylvie. "Approche archéologique de la variabilité des comportements individuels. L'exemple de quelques tailleurs magdaléniens à Pincevent." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00761111.
Full textYannoutsos, Alexandra. "Paramètres hémodynamiques artériels : approche du risque cardiovasculaire individuel et apport diagnostique dans la maladie coronaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD009.
Full textThe combined treatment of risk factors, in particular hypertension and diabetes, appears insufficient to achieve substantial reduction in cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. This residual risk may be indicative of adverse responses of subclinical arterial damage, illustrated by aortic stiffness and pressure wave reflection. These hemodynamic parameters are considered to be associated with central pulse pressure level. Central blood pressure appears closely related to the developpment and complications of atherosclerosis as well as microvascular organ damage. Firstly, the objective of this work was to study subclinical arterial damage by noninvasive measurement of aortic stiffness and pressure wave reflection, and their determinants, in two cohort of patients with increased CV risk, hypertensive and/or diabetic patients and patients with HIV infection. In a third cohort, composed of patients with type 2 diabetes, we studied aortic stiffness as a independant maker of CV disease. Secondly, we investigate whether noninvasive aortic stiffness assessment improves diagnostic accuracy of coronary artery disease (CAD) screnning. The contribution of aortic stiffness in improving the detection of CAD was studied as part of a complete CV evaluation. The main conclusion of this work is that assessment of subclinical arterial damage provides a clinically useful tool to individualize high-risk patients and to improve CAD screening. Prospective evaluation of aortic stiffness and central pulse pressure in parallel with incidence of CV events would clarify the importance of these hemodynamic parameters in the management of the residual risk
Hedhili-Azema, Hinda. "La discipline pénitentiaire : approche juridique et doctrinale : XIXe et XXe siècles." Toulouse 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU10048.
Full textPrison represents for French history a new way to punish delinquents and criminals by the solitary confinement. Prison became the penality of the french system after the Révolution, influenced by the Age of Enlightenment, the End of the "Ancien-régime" and Liberalism. A lot of rules follow from the french system : power, equality, proportion of law and limits of freedom. But modern prison system was really born in America. French criminal lawers were interested by the innovations of the new world, like Tocqueville. Prison is an option to reform. They imagine an european system in which prison represents the end of corporal and capital punishment. The idea is built on moral and religious intentions : to change the criminal, to make him better. It reminds the place of the individual. In France, we talk about "le système pénitentaire" to explain the choice of a strict isolement in prison like in America. But the French penitentiary philosophy is out of law, because no text recognize exactly the penitentiary concept. In fact, the philosophy of rehabilitation and education was implicitly translated in the institutions and regulations. The French system was eventually marqued by the old roman system and his penal experiences (déportation, transportation and relegation). In the Nineteenth Century, different governments tryed a roman penal remake : the Second Republic, the Second Empire, the Third Republic. Finally, in the end of the century, the penal system was emptied by the old penality to become a prison system. Lawers begin to study the rights of the prisoners. This discipline is called "droit pénitentaire". Some authors talk about "science penitentiaire" to claim a scientific movement of penal prevention, which will be combined with the young criminology
Mazon, Cécile. "Des technologies numériques pour l'inclusion scolaire des collégiens avec TSA : des approches individuelles aux approches écosystémiques pour soutenir l'individu et ses aidants." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0258/document.
Full textAlthough inclusive education is essential for their socio-professional future, children and adolescents with ASD still face difficulties in accessing mainstream schooling. The progressive diffusion of technologies in society has encouraged the development of digital interventions for ASD. Nevertheless, previous literature reviews indicate that they focus mainly on the clinical aspects of ASD (with an over-representation of remediation approaches), but rarely directly on academic skills or parent-teacher relationships. Hence, the general objective of the thesis is to design and evaluate digital tools that promote the school inclusion of students with ASD, with four main contributions:1) Extraction of state-of-the-art (study 1): A systematic review was conducted to assess the effectiveness and usability of current digital technologies for clinical and educational purposes. This study confirms the prevalence of clinical aspects in this new interventional literature. The review of the methodology and results of the studies shows the importance of rigorously evaluating the effectiveness of these new tools, particularly with regard to their primary purpose (clinical and/or ergonomic).2) Design and evaluation of an application for emotional regulation assistance for inclusion in the regular classroom (study 2): An analysis of students' needs with ASD was carried out by studying relationships between socio-adaptive school-related behaviour with measures of sociocognitive and executive functioning. This analysis highlighted the critical role of sociocognitive skills for the socio-adaptive functioning of students with ASD, making it a preferred target for intervention (study 2a). From there, a mobile application to assist emotional regulation in the classroom was designed using participatory methods, involving families and professionals. The application was evaluated with 23 students in mainstream classrooms, including 14 with ASD (study 2b). This study revealed that 1) the system has been used successfully and independently in the regular classroom, and 2) it has been shown to be effective in supporting emotional self-regulation in middle school students with ASD.3) Evaluation of an educative application (study 3): A feasibility study has been conducted with an application for calculation through monetary exchange activities using a machine-learning algorithm for personalized learning. Promising results were obtained with middle school students with ASD and/or DI (N= 24) after a three-week intervention. This pilot study shows that a technology-based educational intervention can be relevant for teaching numeracy skills to students in specialized classes, which results in improved calculation skills and a high level of motivation after the intervention.4) Development of a digital tool for caregivers (study 4): Based on a needs analysis with a panel of parents, teachers and clinicians (N=86 out of 124 contacted), we developed a web-based student curriculum monitoring tool to promote collaboration and communication between the family, school and medical-social environments. A first prototype was developed after presenting models to families and professionals, opening up a perspective for our work with a study to evaluate its utility and its effectiveness.All the studies conducted are discussed and put into perspective with new avenues of investigation and, in particular, in relation to the consideration of theories of self-determination in methods for designing and validating digital interventions for children with ASD
Ploux, Sylvie. "Approche archéologique de la variabilité des comportements techniques individuels : l'exemple de quelques tailleurs magdaléniens à Pincevent." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100117.
Full textGirard, Romuald. "Combinaison des approches psychopharmacologiques et d'imagerie cérébrale pour l’étude de la prise de décision individuelle et sociale chez l’Homme." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10205/document.
Full textThe aim core of this thesis is to investigate different aspects of decision-making and flexibility in healthy and clinical populations. Specifically, we investigated the neural correlates of social decision-making in young healthy individuals, the influence of steroid hormones on cognitive flexibility in early menopausal women and cerebral dysfunctions involved in reward devaluation during decision-making process in individuals suffering of Parkinson disease. First, we studied the neural correlates of iniquity aversion when making a decision for oneself or on behalf of his own group and when facing a single individual or another group. Our results highlight influence of two distinct neural network involved in iniquity aversion during complex social exchange, outlining a neuronal explanation to interindividualintergroup discontinuity effect. Our second study, described the influence of hormone replacement therapy (i.e., HRT) on cognitive flexibility in early menopausal women. Many studies described a deleterious effect of steroid supplementation on executive cognitive functions, if it delayed after the onset of the menopause. However, “windows of opportunity” hypothesis suggests a benefic and neuroprotective effect against psychiatric disorders, if hormonal replacement therapy starts close to the beginning of menopause. Combining pharmacological and neuroimaging approaches, we showed a neuroprotective effect in brain structures involved in cognitive flexibility, in young menopausal women. Finally, our last study highlights the effect of dopaminergic treatment in Parkinsonians patients developing impulsive control disorder (i.e., hypersexuality). Preliminary results showed influence of these two factors on distinct subsystems involved in evaluation of different types of costs (i.e., effort/delay) associated with subsequent rewards. This thesis demonstrates the value of combining pharmacology studies and fMRI in order to better understand to which extent hormonal and dopaminergic treatments affect the brain mechanisms during individual and social decision-making