Journal articles on the topic 'Approaches of firm'
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Petrenko, E. S., E. B. Zhailauov, and A. K. Kabdybay. "Innovative firm management approaches." Корпоративное управление и инновационное развитие экономики Севера, no. 3 (2020): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.34130/2070-4992-2020-3-66.
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Capasso, Marco, and Marina Rybalka. "Innovation Pattern Heterogeneity: Data-Driven Retrieval of Firms’ Approaches to Innovation." Businesses 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 54–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/businesses2010004.
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According to a strong and diversified theoretical framework, innovation is one of the usual suspects in defining differences in firm performance. Understanding the diversity that exists within the population of innovative firms is essential for developing appropriate innovation policies. Our study explored the diversity of innovation patterns among Norwegian firms included in the 2018 Community Innovation Survey (CIS2018). By applying factor analysis to a wide array of survey variables and a large sample of firms, we identified eleven typical approaches to innovation, which connect innovation inputs and outputs at the firm level. A main outcome of our study is a novel fine-grained view of innovation as a multifaceted concept. Our research path helps us to find commonalities in innovation behavior across industries and, as a consequence, to better isolate those innovation patterns that differentiate industries from one another. We also show the relation between firm size, on one hand, and each of the firm scores associated to the eleven typical approaches to innovation, on the other hand, thus uncovering ways in which small firms may survive in sectors dominated by large firms.
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Koza, Mitchell P., and Jean-Claude Thoenig. "Rethinking the Firm: Organizational Approaches." Organization Studies 24, no. 8 (October 2003): 1219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01708406030248003.
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How does social science based organization theory describe the business firm? Sociology, political science, social psychology and ethnology have inspired two almost classical perspectives. One theorizes the firm as an arena for strategic behavior. The other underlines the way social pressure mechanisms structure a moral community dimension. Two additional approaches exist, less explored. The firm can be defined as a collective actor, the agenda for knowledge being to explain how far collective choice is possible. Or the firm may be studied from a cognitive perspective, as an organization which interprets and thinks. The article argues that organization theory offers a unitary if not limited view of the business firm. Social sciences basically debate around two alternative views which differentiate according to four characteristics: the action arena or the context of behavior; the teleological property of the unit; the payoff matrix or the sources of preferences with which members enter collective choice contexts; and the sources of managerial influence.
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Siu, Wai‐sum, and David A. Kirby. "Approaches to small firm marketing." European Journal of Marketing 32, no. 1/2 (February 1998): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090569810197417.
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Živělová, I. "Possible approaches to the valuation of a firm." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 50, No. 5 (February 24, 2012): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5190-agricecon.
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Measurement of business performance by using the value of a firm represents a modern tool of financial management. The paper deals with this problem and discusses basic methodological approaches to the determination of farm’s value, especially by means of methods based on the estimation of future revenues.
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Basco, Rodrigo, and Wim Voordeckers. "The relationship between the board of directors and firm performance in private family firms: A test of the demographic versus behavioral approach." Journal of Management & Organization 21, no. 4 (June 3, 2015): 411–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2015.23.
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AbstractResearch on corporate governance has attempted to investigate the added value of boards of directors through the lenses of both demographic and behavioral approaches. However, investigations into these two approaches, and the subsequent implications for firm performance, have thus far been mainly decoupled from one another. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to put both approaches to the test in the family business context. Using a sample of 567 Spanish family firms, we find that although both approaches can explain the performance of family firms, the behavioral approach explains a much higher proportion of the variation in the firm’s performance. Furthermore, our findings support our hypotheses that the relationship between the proportion of outside directors and firm performance follows an inverted U-shape in private family firms, and that both business-oriented and family-oriented board role performance are positively related with firm performance.
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Mallin, Sean. "Teaching alternative approaches to the firm." International Journal of Pluralism and Economics Education 1, no. 1/2 (2009): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpee.2009.028967.
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Pipatanantakurn, Kalin, and Vichita Vathanophas Ractham. "The Role of Knowledge Creation and Transfer in Family Firm Succession." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 5845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105845.
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The purpose of the study is to investigate the role that knowledge creation and knowledge transfer processes play in family firm intergenerational succession in Thailand. An exploratory qualitative case study approach is used. Interviews were conducted with successors and predecessors of small, medium and large Thai firms that have undergone leadership succession within the past five years (30 firms, for n = 60 interviews). Data were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis approach. There were 16 different knowledge approaches identified that are undertaken by the successor. These processes are commonplace to firms, including formal and informal, internal and external processes of knowledge creation and transfer. Most of these occur at different stages of preparation for succession (pre-succession, transition and succession stages). While some knowledge approaches are used across firms, others are specific to small or large firms. These knowledge approaches and stages were used to develop a knowledge process model for family firm succession. The research develops an original model of the knowledge processes associated with family firm succession. This model, which incorporates a staged succession model with the knowledge processes identified, explains how and why knowledge creation and transfer occur during the succession process.
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Chen, Shibin, and Yuyin Yi. "The Manufacturer Decision Analysis for Corporate Social Responsibility under Government Subsidy." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (April 5, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6617625.
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Charitable donation and energy-saving R&D are two common approaches to fulfill corporate social responsibility (CSR). A recent survey in China shows that most firms prefer donating to investing in energy-saving research and development. To understand firms’ preference, we develop a game model to investigate the optimal CSR decisions and profit of the firm, which considers donation and energy-saving R&D approaches, respectively. Then, we analyze how the government subsidies for CSR, as well as the unit production cost and the R&D cost of energy-saving product, affect the firm’s CSR decisions and the CSR rate of return. Finally, we study the triple bottom line approach, i.e., considering donation and energy-saving R&D approaches simultaneously, and investigate the interaction between the above two approaches. The results show the following. (1) Government subsidy is an important driver for the firm’s CSR fulfillment and the triple bottom line approach is optimal if the government simultaneously provides two subsidies. (2) When the government subsidy for energy-saving product is moderate, the firm will choose the approach with high profit and high CSR rate of return. (3) The CSR rates of return of different approaches are also compared to reveal the efficiency of the CSR fulfillment and the firm may sometimes choose an approach with low CSR rate of return to pursue high profit. We identify why and when firms prefer charitable donation to energy-saving R&D approach and determine the threshold of the firm engaging CSR for the government to formulate CSR subsidy policies.
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Moghal, Sajjad, and Wade D. Pfau. "An Investigation of Firm Heterogeneity in the Constraints to Development and Growth in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 48, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v48i1pp.1-22.
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This study considers the importance of firm characteristics in explaining the degree of business constraints facing Pakistani firms in the Investment Climate Survey. We quantify how firms with differing characteristics experience particular problems. After controlling for other factors, the largest differences in responses to business constraints occur among firms that vary by manufacturing industry, and among firms operating under different ownership structures or selling in different markets. In some cases, firm size and firm location also play an important role. The age of the firm generally does not lead to significant differences. These results account for the heterogeneity of firms better than others, and may be important for policy-makers to develop more specific approaches to fostering the investment climate.
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G., Dr Ayyappan, and Dr Kumaravel A. "KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURE FOR FRAUDULENT FIRM CLASSIFICATION APPROACHES." Indian Journal of Computer Science and Engineering 10, no. 4 (August 31, 2019): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21817/indjcse/2019/v10i4/191004008.
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Finegold, David, Andreas Klossek, Michael Nippa, and Anne Laure Winkler. "Explaining firm approaches to corporate social responsibility: institutional environment and firm size." European J. of International Management 4, no. 3 (2010): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ejim.2010.033001.
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Zavyalova, Elena, Dmitri Sokolov, and Antonina Lisovskaya. "Agile vs traditional project management approaches." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 28, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 1095–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-08-2019-1857.
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Purpose Agile project management methods gain increasing attention of practitioners while they often remain neglected by scholarly research. Specifically, there is little known about how performance factors of agile firms differ from those of traditional firms. Scholars argue that these factors often relate to a firm’s human resource management (HRM). This study aims to analyze and compare the HRM architectures in agile and traditional project-based organizations that lead to high firm performance. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis on data of 154 project-based organizations of diverse professional service industries in Russia. Findings This study’s findings suggest that HRM architectures of high-performance agile firms imply a broad use of ability-, motivation- and opportunity-enhancing practices and a high degree of HRM process centralization, while traditional firms adopt more diverse HRM architectures. Originality/value Based on this study’s results, the authors stress the importance of ensuring a good fit between a company’s project management approach and HRM architecture. The revealed configurations may also provide guidance for practitioners on designing effective HRM architectures in project-based organizations.
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Yang, Qin, and Marcel C. Minutolo. "The Strategic Approaches for a New Typology of Firm Patent Portfolios." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 13, no. 02 (March 27, 2016): 1650012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877016500127.
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Patents play an important role for companies to achieve competitive advantage. There is an increased recognition of the importance of patent portfolios as a key to achieve competitive advantage as opposed to any one patent. Hence, some researchers suggest that the true values of patents lie in the aggregation of some related patents rather than their individual worth. In addition, as firms increase their technological diversification so too do their patent portfolios. On the basis of portfolio theory, we build a typology of four types of patent portfolios characterized on the dimensions of technology coherence and synergistic economic value: black, cloud, star and constellation portfolios. Then, according to the characteristics of each type of portfolio, we propose that different strategic approaches should be applied to manage them to achieve superior performance. Further, we suggest that different types of patent portfolios have different effects on firms’ long-term and short-term performances in dynamic environments. Our paper enriches our understanding of the role that patent portfolios play to achieve superior firm performance by linking the management of firm-level resources to value creation in uncertain environments; and also provides important insights into future trends in the patent portfolios strategy in dynamic environments.
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Stanley, Laura, Franz W. Kellermanns, and Thomas M. Zellweger. "Latent Profile Analysis." Family Business Review 30, no. 1 (November 17, 2016): 84–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894486516677426.
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We demonstrate how latent profile analysis (LPA) can be applied to generate profiles (i.e., homogenous subgroups) in a sample of family firms. In doing so, we highlight how LPA can provide additional insight into family firm phenomena when used in conjunction with other methodological approaches (i.e., regression). We compare LPA with other techniques (i.e., cluster analysis and qualitative comparative analysis) and show LPA’s superior ability to capture complex patterns of important family firm characteristics. We demonstrate how profiles can be linked to differences in dependent variables, providing family firm scholars with a tool to assess heterogeneity and its consequences among family firms.
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Hungund, Sumukh, and Venkatesh Mani. "Benchmarking of factors influencing adoption of innovation in software product SMEs." Benchmarking: An International Journal 26, no. 5 (July 1, 2019): 1451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-05-2018-0127.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors influencing small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs) adoption of innovation approaches. Design/methodology/approach The methodology involves two steps. First, all the variables relevant to the adoption of innovation in SMEs are identified. Subsequently, primary data are gathered from decision makers of 213 SMEs, and a multinomial logistic regression analysis is performed. Findings The results indicate that SMEs adopt both open innovation and closed innovation approaches. The firm-level factors such as firm age, firm size, education qualification, work experience and culture, and external factors such as customers, competition, technological advances and ecosystem influence adoption of open innovation approach compared to closed innovation approach. Factors such as culture among firm-level factors and competition among external factors influence the adoption of closed innovation approach. Practical implications The study helps the managers or the decision makers of the SMEs to know the suitable factors influencing the firm to adopt innovation which could potentially help the firms in their business strategy. Originality/value The study explores the adoption of innovation approaches of SMEs in emerging economies. The outcomes of this research have far-reaching implications for theory and practitioners in emerging economies.
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Ozigbo, Ada Mac, and Dr Cross Ogohi Daniel. "Diversification Strategy and Financial Performance of Nigeria Private Firms." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, no. 07 (July 7, 2020): 1883–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i07.em02.
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The relationship between diversification and firm performance varies among institutions and over time. Less is known about the advantageousness of diversification in economy-wide crises, which have occurred frequently in recent years Using data from a recent survey, we studied nearly 400 Nigeria private firms using two different approaches panel and cross-period comparisons. The findings of both approaches show that diversified firms performed better than focused firms. This was also true during the 2008 global financial crisis. The higher the diversification level, the more positive the firm performance was. We also investigated the influence of ownership structure. Firms that are totally owned by the founding owner and his/her family tend to have unsatisfactory performance under crisis. This finding provides evidence of the increasing attention on management and governance to explain firm. Linear regression models were evaluated to test the effect of diversification on firm performance. Panel A uses profit as the dependent variable, and Panel B uses sales. For each year (2007, 2008, and 2009), two regression models were evaluated: one testing the impact of diversification and the other testing the impact of the diversification level. We found that diversified firms performed better than focused firms during the recent global financial crisis. The diversification level was positively and linearly related to performance, that is, more diversified firms performed better. Moreover, we found that private firms that are totally owned by the founding owner and his/her family performed worse under crisis.
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Borrero, Silvio, Alejandro Acosta, and Aida F. Medina. "Culture, strategy formulation, and firm performance: a meta-analysis." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 33, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 147–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-01-2018-0013.
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PurposeThis article explores how strategy formulation affects firm performance to determine whether rational/analytical strategy formulation is more effective than emergent/reflexive strategy formulation. Additionally, the article assesses if such superiority holds for different cultural contexts.Design/methodology/approachMeta-analysis was performed using the Raju, Burke, Norman, and Landis (RBNL) procedure applied to a dataset of 43 empirical studies reporting 54 effect sizes on strategy–performance relationships.FindingsImplementing a formal strategy formulation process positively relates to firm performance. Rational/analytical formulation approaches are more effective than emergent/reflexive approaches in enhancing firm performance, especially for cultures with low future orientation, high uncertainty avoidance, and high power distance.Research limitations/implicationsThe reduced number of published empirical studies limited the scope and generalizability of the results across countries, industries, or firms. This limitation might be especially true for Latin American firms given the absence of relevant studies in this region. Another potential limitation is related to the distinction between strategy formulation and strategy implementation. Given the empirical nature of the studies meta-analyzed, strategic tools are used as a proxy to determine the formulation approach.Practical implicationsFirms that operate in short-term oriented, uncertainty-avoiding, and elitist cultures should favor implementing rational/analytical strategy formulation techniques rather than emergent/reflexive approaches. Although prescriptive recommendations are limited by the lack of studies in Latin America, firms in this region would seem to be better off using rational/analytical strategy formulation approaches.Originality/valueThese findings provide a partial explanation for the varying results yielded by strategy formulation and suggest cultural contexts in which rational/analytical strategy formulation should be more effective than emergent/reflexive approaches.
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De Araújo Burcharth, Ana Luiza, and John Parm Ulhøi. "Structural Approaches to Organizing for Radical Innovation in Established Firms." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 12, no. 2 (May 2011): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2011.0025.
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Management research has consolidated around the idea that organic structures (typically found in start-ups and young firms) are better at generating novel ideas and products, while mechanistic ones (typically found in established companies) are better at generating incremental improvements. Therefore, the usual recommendation to established firms with the goal of producing radical innovations is to develop them outside the firm itself. This paper questions this ‘standard solution’ and discusses alternative organizational approaches to producing radical innovation that avoid extreme forms of separation and relate to critical contextual issues. The paper ends with a discussion of implications for managers.
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Porteous, Bruce T., and Pradip Tapadar. "Asset Allocation to Optimise Life Insurance Annuity Firm Economic Capital and Risk Adjusted Performance." Annals of Actuarial Science 3, no. 1-2 (September 2008): 187–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1748499500000506.
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ABSTRACTThe impact that asset allocation has on the economic capital and the risk adjusted performance of financial services firms is considered in this article. A stochastic modelling approach is used in conjunction with a life insurance annuity firm illustrative example. It is shown that traditional solvency driven deterministic approaches to financial services firm asset allocation can yield sub optimal results in terms of minimising economic capital or maximising risk adjusted performance. Our results challenge the conventional wisdom that the assets backing life insurance annuities and financial services firm capital should be invested in low risk, bond type, assets. Implications for firms, customers, capital providers and regulators are discussed.
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Capling, Ann, and Andrew F. Cooper. "Australian approaches to countertrade: State and firm responses." Australian Journal of Political Science 29, no. 3 (November 1994): 520–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00323269408402310.
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Niittymies, Aleksi, Kalle Pajunen, and Juha-Antti Lamberg. "Temporality and firm de-internationalization: Three historical approaches." Journal of World Business 57, no. 6 (October 2022): 101381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2022.101381.
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G. Lazareva, Marina. "Entropy and information in scenario modeling of a firm: new approaches in business economics." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 202–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(1).2019.18.
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In the present world featuring rapidly changing conditions of external environment, it is crucial for companies to be adaptive and resistant to any types of fluctuations. When creating scenarios of business portfolio development or medium-/long-term planning of firm activities, it is important to evaluate an efficiency of such scenario implementation. Depending on the degree of openness of the system-firm, one can talk about the different degrees of its adaptability and ability to develop. The degree of freedom of the system is determined by its entropy. The number of degrees of freedom determines the system’s ability to develop, evolve (in general).Thus, it is important to investigate the influence the entropy and information to a firm – a system and create some appropriate instruments for estimation scenarios of development. The author studies the adaptive capabilities of a firm – a system to the external environment conditions and draws a conclusion that a reasonable combination of order and chaos is required for a firm’s evolutionary development, or one should search for optimal balance between an entropy, as a degree of uncertainty (chaos), and a system awareness, as an indicator of its arrangement. The author has proposed an index of strategic adaptability for evaluation of business portfolio development scenarios. The use of system’s information and entropy as evaluation criteria’s for the feasibility of scenarios is proposed. The offered approach and instruments for evaluation of the firm’s asset portfolio development scenarios do not require complex calculations and are convenient enough to be used by any firm, concerned about its adaptability to the external environment conditions in practice.
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Fang, Xin, and Soo-Haeng Cho. "Cooperative Approaches to Managing Social Responsibility in a Market with Externalities." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 22, no. 6 (November 2020): 1215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.2019.0837.
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Problem definition: This paper studies two cooperative approaches of firms in managing social responsibility violations of their supplier: auditing a common supplier jointly (joint auditing) and sharing independent audit results with other firms (audit sharing). We study this problem in a market with externalities and a large number of firms. Academic/practical relevance: With numerous firms procuring their materials and parts worldwide, there are many cases in which overseas suppliers violate safety, labor, or environmental standards. Those violations have externalities in the sense that one firm’s violation affects other firms in the same market. It is not clear how such externalities affect competing firms’ incentives to cooperate and the effectiveness of such cooperation. Methodology: We develop a model based on a cooperative game in partition function form, which enables us to analyze the competitive and cooperative interactions of a large number of firms in a market. Results: Although there has been concern about cooperation for fear of compromising a competitive advantage, firms have incentives to cooperate in managing their suppliers when one firm can be hurt by others’ violations, that is, the negative externality is high. However, neither cooperative approach necessarily improves social responsibility, especially when one firm can benefit from others’ violations, that is, the positive externality is high. Finally, even if agreement is not reached for cooperation before conducting individual audits, social responsibility can still be improved by incentivizing firms to share their private audit results with others under a properly designed mechanism. Managerial implications: The careful assessment of the externalities associated with social responsibility violations is a key to the success of joint auditing and audit sharing. Although firms cooperate voluntarily in some cases, a government agency or an industry association should intervene in other cases to motivate cooperation if it is beneficial. In addition, caution must be taken to monitor manufacturers’ audit efforts, especially when cooperative approaches are implemented in the market where competition is fierce and consumers switch brands easily.
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Fareed, Zeeshan, Zahid Ali, Farrukh Shahzad, Muhammad Imran Nazir, and Assad Ullah. "Determinants of Profitability: Evidence from Power and Energy Sector." Studia Universitatis Babe-Bolyai Oeconomica 61, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/subboec-2016-0005.
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Abstract The study examines the impact of key determinants of profitability of power and energy sector in Pakistan such as firm size, firm age, firm growth, productivity, financial leverage and electricity crisis discussed in the broader inter-disciplinary literature. For this purpose panel data of 16 firms of power and energy sector is taken for 2001 to 2012. The study considers profitability determinants at the firm as well as industry affiliation levels in examining hypotheses developed from resource-based approaches. Random effect model is used to detect the combination of variables that best estimated the impact of the explanatory variables on the dependent variable. The empirical results suggest that firm size, firm growth, and electricity crisis positively impact the profitability. However, firm age, financial leverage and productivity negatively influence the firm profitability. This study also propose that during the electricity crisis the profitability of power sector is increased even production of this sector is very low. The findings further indicate that larger and younger firms with high growth and low productivity are more likely to be profitable. This study has found that firm productivity and firm size are the strongest determinants of profitability in power and energy sector of Pakistan.
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Lorne, Frank T., and Petra Dilling. "Creating Values for Sustainability: Stakeholders Engagement, Incentive Alignment, and Value Currency." Economics Research International 2012 (January 11, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/142910.
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A shareholder theory of firm and a stakeholder theory of firm may differ in their respective evaluation method of firm performance. Both theories however recognize the importance of value creation as the economic role of firms as institutions. The New Institutional Economics (NIE) emphasizes incentives alignment, while also viewing stakeholder engagements as methods to expand the boundaries of firms. The difference in performance evaluation between the two approaches can be reduced if stakeholders, while formulating incentive alignment, also evaluate the mechanisms of establishing a common currency value. The concomitant development of stakeholder engagement, incentive alignment, and value currency creation is argued to be an evolutionary process with the efficiency implications of the two theories tending to converge.
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Spence, Laura J., Ronald Jeurissen, and Robert Rutherfoord. "Small Business and the Environment in the UK and the Netherlands: Toward Stakeholder Cooperation." Business Ethics Quarterly 10, no. 4 (October 2000): 945–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857841.
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Abstract:In this paper, the approaches of a sample of small firms to environmental issues in the UK and the Netherlands are compared. The study makes a contribution by addressing the lack of research on small firms and the environment, as well as offering insights into the influence that cultural, institutional, and political frameworks can have on small firm owner-managers’ attitudes to external issues. The environment is considered here as an ethical issue, drawing on work on the environmental responsibility of business by both Bowie (1990) and Hoffman (1991). It is argued that the approaches to the environment identified in this study by Dutch and UK small firm owner-managers do not fit in with the positions of either Bowie or Hoffman. The concept of stakeholder cooperation is proposed as a more realistic alternative.
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Maksymenko, Anna. "Methodological approaches to global value chains analysis." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 4(138) (2019): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2019-4-3.
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The article is devoted to overview of methodological approaches to the analysis of the global value chains. Value chain is a full range of activities which is done by firm or employees in order to bring a product from its conception to its end use. This also includes activities such as design, production, marketing, distribution and support to the final consumer. Global value chains (GVC) involve different type of firm from different countries in such activities. The paper emphasizes that this research topic is interdisciplinary. Topics in GVC literature include variety of aspects: impact of globalization on employment, horizontal and vertical links between enterprises in the chain, governance structure of organizing international production networks, supply and income distribution, spread of innovation and technology, firms’ upgrading etc. Generally, A. Morrison, C. Pietrobelli and R. Rabellotti have identified two different “schools” or approaches within the broad GVC literature: the internationalist approach and the industrialist approach. Typology of global value chains is quite developed topic. Such types as market type, modular type, relational type, captive type, hierarchy type of governance have been distinguished and described by foreign researches. Elements of modernization processes of the value chain have been highlighted. Approaches to upgrading of value added production can be considered as upgrading of products (and packaging), upgrading of processes, functional upgrading, inter-sectoral upgrading. Also concept of upgrading can relate to upgrading of value chain-network structure and upgrading of governance structures. The topic of barriers for integration in global value chains for developing countries is crucial. There are several factors affecting developing country competitiveness in GVCs: productive capacity, infrastructure and service, business environment, trade and investment policy, industry institutionalization. The main conclusions emerging from analytical overview presented in this article are that various approaches to GVCs analysis exist and that the choice of particular approach should be based on specific research topic which is investigated as well as data sources (e.g. firms’ business record, input-output tables, interviews with enterprises, business association, government officers etc).
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Power, Bernadette, Justin Doran, and Geraldine Ryan. "The effect of agglomeration economies on firm deaths: A comparison of firm and regional based approaches." Urban Studies 56, no. 16 (February 19, 2019): 3358–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018817428.
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This paper compares the merits of regional and firm based approaches for analysing the effect of agglomeration economies on firm deaths in Ireland. We aggregate a comprehensive data set on Irish firm deaths to Electoral Division (ED) level, the lowest geographical scale available. Estimates of the effect of agglomeration on firm deaths from a regional analysis at ED level using a cross-sectional spatial-autoregressive spatial error model are compared with firm-level estimates from a contemporary log-log model with spatially weighted agglomeration regressors. While estimates of the effects of agglomeration using these alternative methods is much discussed in existing literature rarely are the approaches or results compared. We show that contrasting results are found using the same data set dependent upon the unit of analysis used. Diversity lowers regional and firm deaths while specialisation raises regional deaths but lowers firm deaths. Greater urbanisation does not have a significant effect on firm hazard rates or equivalent regional estimates. While regional estimates provide evidence on the existence and nature of spatial dependence (negative in this case), firm estimates do not provide evidence that agglomeration in neighbouring regions is the source of this spatial dependence. No empirical analysis to our knowledge directly compares regional and firm based approaches for analysing the effect of spatial agglomeration economies on firm deaths.
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Herciu, Mihaela. "Drivers of Firm Performance: Exploring Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches." Studies in Business and Economics 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sbe-2017-0006.
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AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to identify the drivers of firm performance by exploring both quantitative indicators - based on accounting profitability, shareholder value and economic value – and qualitative approach – based on balanced scorecard and triple bottom line. A literature review will be provided in order to obtain an optimum mix of quantitative and qualitative drivers for firm performance, on one hand, and a case study will be conducted for emphasizing the importance of both approaches, on the other hand.
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Vu, Hoang Duong. "Firm’S Absorptive Capacity: The Case of Vietnamese Manufacturing Firms." Review of Economic Perspectives 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 301–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2018-0015.
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Abstract Absorptive capacity is an essential factor for the development of any firm. Hence, numerous researchers use it when proposing different approaches and measurements. However, due to the ambiguity of definition of absorptive capacity, some studies focused on the within-firm aspects of absorptive capacity while some looked at the inter-firm aspects. Consequently, there are several proxies for absorptive capacity, which are unlikely to reach an agreement. Therefore, this study aims for the simplified measurement by defining the absorptive capacity of a firm as the gap in persistent efficiency between the firm and the best foreign firm in the same industry. The persistent efficiency of a firm is estimated by using single stage maximum likelihood method. This measurement is applied to the case of Vietnamese manufacturing firms from 2007 to 2015 to estimate the domestic absorptive capacity. The results show that domestic firms in the manufacture of tobacco products sub-sector have the best absorptive capacity and the manufacture of beverages sub-sector have the worst one. Finally, the validity of the proxy is confirmed when the study finds the positive correlation between absorptive capacity and a firm’s age, size, technology level and skills of its workers.
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Landini, Fabio, Alessandro Arrighetti, and Eleonora Bartoloni. "The sources of heterogeneity in firm performance: lessons from Italy1." Cambridge Journal of Economics 44, no. 3 (February 19, 2020): 527–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/beaa001.
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Abstract An extensive body of literature documents large and persistent within-industry heterogeneity of firm performance. While some authors explain such evidence in terms of input misallocation, we provide an alternative analytical framework that integrates insights from resource-based and institutional approaches. We interpret firms’ behaviour as the result of the interaction among exogenous and endogenous factors. Exogenous factors, both supply and demand related, define the opportunity set that is available to firms. Endogenous factors reflect instead firm-specific interpretations of such set, which, combined with the available resources and capabilities, determine a firm’s strategic responses, which can be markedly heterogeneous. Whenever the diversity of firm conducts is associated with relatively small profit differentials, firm heterogeneity can persist. Evidence based on the evolution of labour productivity and profit dispersion in the Italian manufacturing sector between the 1990s and early 2000s provides support for our interpretative framework.
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Reksono, Matsaid Budi, Teddy Chandra, and Rini Yayuk Priyati. "Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Leverage dan Profitabilitas Perusahaan." Neraca : Jurnal Akuntansi Terapan 3, no. 1 (December 7, 2021): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31334/neraca.v3i1.1966.
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A firm’s leverage and profitability are two significant aspects of overall firm management. This study mainly aims at examining and analyzing the determinants of leverage and profitability in Indonesian mining firms listed by including both trade-off theory and pecking order theory approaches. Secondary data as sample has been collected for 26 Indonesian mining firms listed in Indonesian stock exchange (IDX), for the period of 9 years from 2010 to 2018. Firm’s size, asset tangibility, asset growth, and liquidity have been selected as exogenous variables to examine their effect on endogenous variables, i.e., leverage and profitability. Path analysis technique was employed to analyze the research data. The results indicate that leverage exerts negative impact on firm profitability. The finding results of this study provides great insights for Indonesian mining firm management, to integrate the financial leverage models in their financial decision to obtain optimum firm profitability.
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Горяинова and L. Goryainova. "Comparative Analysis of the Nature of the Firm: Institutional and Evolutionary Approaches." Economics of the Firm 4, no. 1 (January 19, 2015): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/13544.
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The author substantiates the methodological originality of the Penrose approach in comparison with the approach of Coase theory of the firm. The first part covers the basics of this opposition and the authors ‘ contribution to the theory of the firm. Draws attention to the fact that the Penrose theory is based on the separation of the concepts “information”and “knowledge” and justifying their role in the growth of the firm. Then a comparison of the two opposite perspectives offered by Coase and Penrose in the field of industry. It is suggested that the approach of Coase as a whole is a closed system with the Central location of the firm in this system; whereas, the Penrose approach provides for an open market economy system that became the basis for building a resource the concept of transnational companies (TNCs).
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Nazarczuk, Jarosław Michał. "Do operations in SEZs improve a firm’s productivity? Evidence from Poland." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 10 (January 13, 2018): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v4i10.3096.
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Special economic zones (SEZs) play a significant role in global, national and regional trade flows. Given the insufficient number of empirical contributions regarding firm-level consequences of operation in SEZs, an analysis in which implications for firms’ standings is undertaken. With the use of different estimation approaches, applied to a unique dataset comprising 155 SEZs firms and 155 non-SEZs firms (matched sample) obtained from various sources, the author investigates if SEZs firms obtain a competitive advantage through higher productivity compared to non-SEZs firms. The results prove that SEZ firms differ in this regard. However, the sign of its contribution is conditioned by the type of productivity analysed. Keywords: Special economic zones; SEZ; polish economy; productivity differentials; firm heterogeneity.
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Kinne, Jan, and Janna Axenbeck. "Web mining for innovation ecosystem mapping: a framework and a large-scale pilot study." Scientometrics 125, no. 3 (October 14, 2020): 2011–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03726-9.
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AbstractExisting approaches to model innovation ecosystems have been mostly restricted to qualitative and small-scale levels or, when relying on traditional innovation indicators such as patents and questionnaire-based survey, suffered from a lack of timeliness, granularity, and coverage. Websites of firms are a particularly interesting data source for innovation research, as they are used for publishing information about potentially innovative products, services, and cooperation with other firms. Analyzing the textual and relational content on these websites and extracting innovation-related information from them has the potential to provide researchers and policy-makers with a cost-effective way to survey millions of businesses and gain insights into their innovation activity, their cooperation, and applied technologies. For this purpose, we propose a web mining framework for consistent and reproducible mapping of innovation ecosystems. In a large-scale pilot study we use a database with 2.4 million German firms to test our framework and explore firm websites as a data source. Thereby we put particular emphasis on the investigation of a potential bias when surveying innovation systems through firm websites if only certain firm types can be surveyed using our proposed approach. We find that the availability of a websites and the characteristics of the website (number of subpages and hyperlinks, text volume, language used) differs according to firm size, age, location, and sector. We also find that patenting firms will be overrepresented in web mining studies. Web mining as a survey method also has to cope with extremely large and hyper-connected outlier websites and the fact that low broadband availability appears to prevent some firms from operating their own website and thus excludes them from web mining analysis. We then apply the proposed framework to map an exemplary innovation ecosystem of Berlin-based firms that are engaged in artificial intelligence. Finally, we outline several approaches how to transfer firm website content into valuable innovation indicators.
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Lahey, Karen E., and Robert L. Conn. "TWO APPROACHES TO THE MEASUREMENT OF ACQUIRING FIRM RETURNS." Financial Review 21, no. 3 (August 1986): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.1986.tb00715.x.
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Batonda, Gerry, and Chad Perry. "Approaches to relationship development processes in inter‐firm networks." European Journal of Marketing 37, no. 10 (November 2003): 1457–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090560310487194.
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Chung, Richard J., Pamela J. Burke, and Elizabeth Goodman. "Firm foundations: strength-based approaches to adolescent chronic disease." Current Opinion in Pediatrics 22, no. 4 (August 2010): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mop.0b013e32833a468e.
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Foster, S. Thomas, and N. A. Jr. "On horizontal deployment of quality approaches within a firm." International Journal of Services and Operations Management 2, no. 2 (2006): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsom.2006.009499.
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Tunberg, Maria. "Approaching rural firm growth: a literature review." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 8, no. 4 (October 7, 2014): 261–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-11-2013-0039.
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Purpose – This review investigates the extent and content of research into rural firm growth, and identifies and describes various approaches to studying firm growth. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is guided by the systematic literature review framework which, combined with a qualitative assessment, ensures a rigorous review. An initial set of 200 peer reviewed articles was included in the review. During the quality assessment stage this set was reduced to 50 articles which were analysed in depth. Findings – Three approaches to firm growth are identified and explored, focusing on the output, process and context of firm growth. The results further indicate increasing interest in rural firm growth and identify six themes constituting the research field. Originality/value – Firm growth is advocated as a solution to development challenges, especially in rural settings. However, the firm growth literature is dominated by outcome-based research, often focused on technology-based businesses in dynamic urban regions, whose results are not easily transferable to rural contexts. This review contributes by mapping the current state of knowledge in the field, by articulating and discussing taken-for-granted assumptions with regard to firm growth and by identifying three approaches to firm growth, of which the context approach is the least common but which may prove valuable to further increase in the understanding of rural firm growth.
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Menkhoff, Thomas, and Chay Yue Wah. "Improving Small Firm Performance Through Collaborative Change Management and Outside Learning." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 2, no. 1 (January 2011): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jabim.2011010101.
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This empirical-exploratory article sheds light on the change management approaches used by Chinese owner-managers of small firms in Singapore and their openness toward strategic learning. The paper examines widespread common-sense assumptions that ethnic Chinese adopt mostly directive-coercive (autocratic) change management approaches, which may stifle innovation. Great diversity exists amongst small firm owners in Asia with regard to their change leadership practices, and respective change implementation approaches are contingent on both demographic variables and situational forces like the urgency of change, the degree of resistance to change, and/or the dynamics of the environment in which the firms operate. Data from a SME survey in Singapore (n = 101) serves to substantiate several propositions about change management of Chinese owner-managers of SMEs in Singapore. Three hypotheses about the openness of SME owner-managers to outside sources of learning are presented to ascertain the prediction that such knowledge can give SMEs a performance headstart by helping them to work smarter.
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Zhu, Jingqi, and Glenn Morgan. "Global supply chains, institutional constraints and firm level adaptations: A comparative study of Chinese service outsourcing firms." Human Relations 71, no. 4 (August 18, 2017): 510–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726717713830.
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The focus on inter-firm governance relations within global supply chains analysis has left social relations at workplaces as a ‘black box’ and relatively underdiscussed. Through an in-depth, comparative study of two Chinese IT service providers for Japanese clients, this article explores how the work and employment relations in the supplier firm are shaped by the institutional contexts of both the supplier firm and the lead firm as well as by the nature of the global supply chain in which they are located. The article shows how the intersection of global supply chains and local institutional environments creates potential gaps between what is required by the lead firms and what is feasible within the supplier firms. Therefore, managers in the supplier firm have to negotiate ways of managing these expectations in the light of their own institutional constraints and possibilities. We identify three forms of adaptation made by the suppliers that we describe as wholesale adaptation, ceremonial adaptation and minimal adaptation to lead firms’ expectations. We argue that these interactions and forms of adaptation can be extended and explored more generally in global supply chains and provide the basis for a fruitful integration of institutional approaches with global supply chain analysis.
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Maiga, Adam S., and Fred A. Jacobs. "Assessing JIT Performance: An Econometric Approach." Journal of Management Accounting Research 20, s1 (January 1, 2008): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar.2008.20.s-1.47.
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ABSTRACT: This paper uses a sample of 131 just-in-time (JIT) firms and their matched non-JIT firms obtained from Kinney and Wempe with 1977–1995 Compustat data to assess whether the relationship between JIT adoption and firm performance is endogenous. Results indicate a significant positive association between JIT adoption and firm performance and strongly indicate that the decision to adopt JIT is endogenous. We also show that asset productivity, sales growth, and leverage, are important in explaining the effect of JIT adoption on performance and that firm characteristics are an important contributor to unobserved heterogeneity. Furthermore, the econometric analyses in the form of both Wooldridge 2SLS and Heckman approaches suggest that the underlying relationship between JIT adoption and performance is much stronger after controlling for endogeneity and self-selection bias and that OLS estimates are indeed biased.
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Mamman, Mohammed Jiya, and Otache Y. Matins. "Application of multi yield analysis approaches to reservoir system." International Journal of Hydrology 4, no. 3 (May 22, 2020): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2020.04.00232.
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Yield is used to characterise the capacity of a water resource. It is a fundamental water-supply planning concept, and an understanding of its attributes is critical for those who participate in water-supply issues. This study tends to carry out firm yield analysis by employing both the accumulated difference method (ADM) and reverse chronology method (RCM) in order to ascertain the minimum storage capacity required to sustain the required yield of kainji reservoir system without interruption. In applying (ADM), the inflows were accumulated and the difference calculated. The minimum inflow within the year of record was determined to be the firm yield. The yield of 30x109m3 was hypothetically chosen to determine the minimum capacity to sustain it without interruption during the period under record. Similarly the firm yield analysis was also done by employing the method of reverse chronology (RCM) to confirm the result in the accumulated difference method. This method is based on the premise that what is the minimum volume that has to be in storage at the end of the previous year plus the inflow can meet the demand during the current year. This was carried out by starting with the last year of the record and working back to the first year and the difference between the inflow and the required yield was determined. The shortages were then observed form the difference obtained; the maximum shortage was then selected as the required capacity.The firm yield was determined to be 22.7283×109m3. The minimum capacity required to sustain a yield of 30×109m3 per annum (the average annual demand) without interruption during the period under record was determined to be 7.3431×109m3. The interaction between the reservoir elements were significant considering the correlation matrix applied.
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Li, Michelle, and Helen Roberts. "Does mandated independence improve firm performance? Evidence from New Zealand." Pacific Accounting Review 30, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-01-2017-0004.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between board independence and firm performance for publicly listed New Zealand (NZ) firms over the period 2004-2016. Design/methodology/approach To address endogeneity concerns, the relationship between firm performance and board independence is modelled using three different approaches: firm fixed-effect estimation, difference-in-difference estimation and two-stage least squares estimation, while controlling for firm and governance characteristics. Findings The main finding is that the mandated board independence introduced by the Best Practice Code does not improve operating or market performance for listed NZ firms. Research limitations/implications The fact that NZ firms choose greater board independence than required is puzzling. Research examining director characteristics and connectedness, not captured by the NZX Code, may be a fruitful area for future research when disclosure allows. Practical implications Regulators may need to review reasons for mandating changes in factors affecting firm governance before implementing further regulations concerning board structure. Social implications The findings cast doubt on the benefit of mandated board independence for NZ firms. The results imply that “good” governance practices proposed by regulators are not universal. Originality/value This paper tests the impact of mandated board independence following the adoption of the Best Practice Code in 2004 using methodologies that account for endogeneity using 13 years of data.
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Tanui, Peninah Jepkogei, and Bramwel Murgor Serebemuom. "Corporate Diversification and Financial Performance of Listed Firms in Kenya: Does Firm Size Matter?" Journal of Advanced Research in Economics and Administrative Sciences 2, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/jareas.v2i2.235.
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Purpose: The study tested the hypothesis about the relationship between corporate diversification and financial performance. Moreover, moderating effect of firm size on the relationship between corporate diversification and financial performance of listed firms at Nairobi securities exchange (NSE) in Kenya was tested. Methodology/Approach/Design: The study was informed by market power and resource-based view (RBV) theories. To test the hypotheses, secondary panel data were collected from 35 listed firms at NSE from 2003 to 2017. Results: From panel regression analysis output, there was a significant positive (β = 2.225, p value = .000 < .05) relationship between corporate diversification and financial performance. Furthermore, firm size had a negative and significant (β = -.155, p value = .031<.05) moderating effect in the relationship between corporate diversification and financial performance. Practical Implications: The study thus concluded that firm size had a buffering effect in the link between corporate diversification and the financial performance of listed firms in Kenya. The findings of the study could be relevant to policymakers in drafting policies that affect diversification strategies of firms. For further research, the study recommended an increase of scope, other measurement approaches, analysis of corporate diversification from different perspectives other than product, and controlling for board characteristics. Originality/Value: The study while controlling the age of the firm tested the moderation effect of firm size in the relationship between corporate diversification and financial performance.
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Wei, Zelong, and Linqian Zhang. "How to perform strategic change? A strategy as practice perspective." Chinese Management Studies 14, no. 3 (April 13, 2020): 811–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-04-2019-0140.
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Purpose In spite of the significance of the strategic change, its high rate of failure inspires us to explore how to successfully enact new strategic change in a different environment. Based on strategy as practice perspective and effectuation theory, this study aims to extend extant literature by identifying two approaches performing strategic change (e.g. causation strategic change or effectuation strategic change) and investigating their effects on firm performance and also boundary conditions (e.g. market uncertainty or technological uncertainty). Design/methodology/approach Based on a data set from 238 firms in China, the authors empirically test the hypotheses through regression analysis. Findings The findings indicate that causation and effectuation strategic changes can promote firm performance. However, the roles of the two approaches vary with the external environment. Specifically, market uncertainty strengthens while technological uncertainty weakens the positive effect of causation strategic change. In contrast, technological uncertainty strengthens the positive effect of effectuation strategic change on firm performance. Originality/value This study extends research literature of strategic change by identifying causation and effectuation strategic changes and investigating how their roles vary with market uncertainty and technological uncertainty. The findings guide firms to adopt a fit approach to perform a strategic change in different external environments.
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Cattani, Gino, and Franco Malerba. "Evolutionary Approaches to Innovation, the Firm, and the Dynamics of Industries." Strategy Science 6, no. 4 (December 2021): 265–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2021.0141.
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We examine the progress of the evolutionary research on innovation, the firm, and the dynamics of industries in the last four decades. The paper acknowledges that the themes related to knowledge and technological regimes, the evolutionary processes leading to innovation, and the long-term dynamics of technologies have generated, and still remain, relevant research trajectories. The same can be said for the research trajectories on organizational and dynamic capabilities, evolutionary strategies, vertical integration, diversification, niche construction, and authority and power in organizations. Important progress has also been made in understanding the evolutionary trajectories of industries, the link between industry architecture and industry dynamics, the types of knowledge of entrants, the role of focal and vertical spinouts, the relevance of institutions and sectoral innovation systems in industry dynamics, and the catch-up process by firms from latecomer countries. We argue that future developments in the evolutionary camp should continue to be characterized by eclecticism and multidisciplinarity, as well as by the integration of different methodologies from cases to stylized facts, quantitative analyses, appreciative theorizing, and formal modelling. We conclude with an analysis of the main methodologies used by evolutionary scholars and a discussion of the road ahead.
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Burunciuc, Corina, and Halit Gonenc. "Reforms Protecting Minority Shareholders and Firm Performance: International Evidence." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14010005.
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This study investigates the effect of corporate governance reforms protecting minority shareholders on the firm value measured by Tobin’s Q. Using the difference-in-differences estimation and a large international sample from 65 countries for the period 2005–2018, the results show that the firm values increase more in the reform countries than non-reform countries relative to pre-reform levels. This positive effect changes for firms with high and low levels of debt. Moreover, the values after reforms increase more for firms located in civil countries and in countries with rule-based reform approaches and low debt enforcement because the reforms strengthening minority shareholder protection are more efficient in those countries. The evidence is robust to accounting-based performance as well.