Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Apprentissages de représentations dynamiques'
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Nguyen, Thanh Tuan. "Représentations efficaces des textures dynamiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. https://bu.univ-tln.fr/files/userfiles/file/intranet/travuniv/theses/sciences/2020/2020_Nguyen_ThanhTuan.pdf.
Representation of dynamic textures (DTs), well-known as a sequence of moving textures, is a challenge in video analysis for various computer vision applications. It is partly due to disorientation of motions, the negative impacts of the well-known issues on capturing turbulent features: noise, changes of environment, illumination, similarity transformations, etc. In this work, we introduce significant solutions in order to deal with above problems. Accordingly, three streams of those are proposed for encoding DTs: i) based on dense trajectories extracted from a given video; ii) based on robust responses extracted by moment models; iii) based on filtered outcomes which are computed by variants of Gaussian-filtering kernels. In parallel, we also propose several discriminative descriptors to capture spatio-temporal features for above DT encodings. For DT representation based on dense trajectories, we firstly extract dense trajectories from a given video. Motion points along the paths of dense trajectories are then encoded by our xLVP operator, an important extension of Local Vector Patterns (LVP) in a completed encoding context, in order to capture directional dense-trajectory-based features for DT representation.For DT description based on moment models, motivated by the moment-image model, we propose a novel model of moment volumes based on statistical information of spherical supporting regions centered at a voxel. Two these models are then taken into account video analysis to point out moment-based images/volumes. In order to encode the moment-based images, we address CLSP operator, a variant of completed local binary patterns (CLBP). In the meanwhile, our xLDP, an important extension of Local Derivative Patterns (LDP) in a completed encoding context, is introduced to capture spatio-temporal features of the moment-volume-based outcomes. For DT representation based on the Gaussian-based filterings, we will investigate many kinds of filterings as pre-processing analysis of a video to point out its filtered outcomes. After that, these outputs are encoded by discriminative operators to structure DT descriptors correspondingly. More concretely, we exploit the Gaussian-based kernel and variants of high-order Gaussian gradients for the filtering analysis. Particularly, we introduce a novel filtering kernel (DoDG) in consideration of the difference of Gaussian gradients, which allows to point out robust DoDG-filtered components to construct prominent DoDG-based descriptors in small dimension. In parallel to the Gaussian-based filterings, some novel operators will be introduced to meet different contexts of the local DT encoding: CAIP, an adaptation of CLBP to fix the close-to-zero problem caused by separately bipolar features; LRP, based on a concept of a square cube of local neighbors sampled at a center voxel; CHILOP, a generalized formulation of CLBP to adequately investigate local relationships of hierarchical supporting regions. Experiments for DT recognition have validated that our proposals significantly perform in comparison with state of the art. Some of which have performance being very close to deep-learning approaches, expected as one of appreciated solutions for mobile applications due to their simplicity in computation and their DT descriptors in a small number of bins
Terreau, Enzo. "Apprentissage de représentations d'auteurs et d'autrices à partir de modèles de langue pour l'analyse des dynamiques d'écriture." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO20001.
The recent and massive democratization of digital tools has empowered individuals to generate and share information on the web through various means such as blogs, social networks, sharing platforms, and more. The exponential growth of available information, mostly textual data, requires the development of Natural Language Processing (NLP) models to mathematically represent it and subsequently classify, sort, or recommend it. This is the essence of representation learning. It aims to construct a low-dimensional space where the distances between projected objects (words, texts) reflect real-world distances, whether semantic, stylistic, and so on.The proliferation of available data, coupled with the rise in computing power and deep learning, has led to the creation of highly effective language models for word and document embeddings. These models incorporate complex semantic and linguistic concepts while remaining accessible to everyone and easily adaptable to specific tasks or corpora. One can use them to create author embeddings. However, it is challenging to determine the aspects on which a model will focus to bring authors closer or move them apart. In a literary context, it is preferable for similarities to primarily relate to writing style, which raises several issues. The definition of literary style is vague, assessing the stylistic difference between two texts and their embeddings is complex. In computational linguistics, approaches aiming to characterize it are mainly statistical, relying on language markers. In light of this, our first contribution is a framework to evaluate the ability of language models to grasp writing style. We will have previously elaborated on text embedding models in machine learning and deep learning, at the word, document, and author levels. We will also have presented the treatment of the notion of literary style in Natural Language Processing, which forms the basis of our method. Transferring knowledge between black-box large language models and these methods derived from linguistics remains a complex task. Our second contribution aims to reconcile these approaches through a representation learning model focusing on style, VADES (Variational Author and Document Embedding with Style). We compare our model to state-of-the-art ones and analyze their limitations in this context.Finally, we delve into dynamic author and document embeddings. Temporal information is crucial, allowing for a more fine-grained representation of writing dynamics. After presenting the state of the art, we elaborate on our last contribution, B²ADE (Brownian Bridge Author and Document Embedding), which models authors as trajectories. We conclude by outlining several leads for improving our methods and highlighting potential research directions for the future
Franceschi, Jean-Yves. "Apprentissage de représentations et modèles génératifs profonds dans les systèmes dynamiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS014.
The recent rise of deep learning has been motivated by numerous scientific breakthroughs, particularly regarding representation learning and generative modeling. However, most of these achievements have been obtained on image or text data, whose evolution through time remains challenging for existing methods. Given their importance for autonomous systems to adapt in a constantly evolving environment, these challenges have been actively investigated in a growing body of work. In this thesis, we follow this line of work and study several aspects of temporality and dynamical systems in deep unsupervised representation learning and generative modeling. Firstly, we present a general-purpose deep unsupervised representation learning method for time series tackling scalability and adaptivity issues arising in practical applications. We then further study in a second part representation learning for sequences by focusing on structured and stochastic spatiotemporal data: videos and physical phenomena. We show in this context that performant temporal generative prediction models help to uncover meaningful and disentangled representations, and conversely. We highlight to this end the crucial role of differential equations in the modeling and embedding of these natural sequences within sequential generative models. Finally, we more broadly analyze in a third part a popular class of generative models, generative adversarial networks, under the scope of dynamical systems. We study the evolution of the involved neural networks with respect to their training time by describing it with a differential equation, allowing us to gain a novel understanding of this generative model
Kyelem, Mathias. "Le statut de l’erreur dans la dynamique des apprentissages en sciences : proposition d'un dispositif pédagogique pour l'apprentissage de concepts relevant de la physiologie de la respiration et de l'éducation à la santé au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20227/document.
The study relates to the implementation and the evaluation of a teaching device associating the training by resolution of problem, the socio-cognitive debate and a didactic treatment of the error understood like only one information interesting to take into account to learn. The objective of this device is to improve the capacities of the pupils to solve complex problems which the everyday life presents by supporting the transfer and the integration of school knowledge. “The relation with the error is articulated and reinforced with values, it induces a report with the knowledge and a report with the other which, together and in a complex way, engages the person in her dimensions cognitive, emotional, social and axiological.” (Favre, 2004). The adopted methodological approach is the qualitative/interpretative approach supplemented by quantitative information coming from the evaluation of copies of the pupils in order to refine the comprehension of the impact of the experimental teaching device on their performances. The study was made in Burkina Faso. The following actions were led: a study of the representations of the error at the teachers and the pupils, and of the representations of breathing in the teachers, an analysis of the curriculum of physiology of the breathing of first option D Form classroom supplemented with that of the inspectors of secondary education. Forty teachers were trained with the teaching device among which, five of Ouagadougou retained for the experimental classes. Five teachers of Bobo-Dioulasso not trained were voluntary for the pilot classes. Observations of class were carried out on the attitudes of the pupils and the teachers and the quality of the interactions between them. The contents of the debates were transcribed and analyzed with the whole of the results of observation. At the conclusion of the courses, a summative evaluation of the trainings of the pupils was led in the ten classes. The copies were made anonymous and corrected by teachers not taking part under investigation. The data underwent a statistical processing.The principal results of the study are the following: • most teachers have a representation where the error is comparable with a fault and little of them have a relation with the error which engages them in the action, • thanks to the formation, the teachers could modify their relation with the error, to decontaminate it concept of fault and to create a teaching environment making safe to accompany the trainings by the pupils, • the representation of the error at the pupils is comparable with that of the teachers but much of them are from the point of view of correction of their errors; this representation is partly due to the strong anticipated apprehension of the failure in the event of evaluation, • the pupils showed themselves very participative with the activities of classes when they were not afraid any more to be mistaken, when to make errors their emotional security did not threaten; the debates showed a process of construction autonomous of knowledge, • the analysis of the programs showed an insufficiency of links between the various physiological processes providing the function of nutrition. The contents are deprived of a historical and epistemological approach of the concepts, • the evaluation in particular in the case of shows that in the experimental classes whose teachers were trained, the pupils better succeeded in solving new problems implying the mobilization of knowledge seen in class and necessary to carry out choices implying health, risk of tuberculosis
Crespelle, Christophe. "Représentations dynamiques de graphes." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00402838.
Les connexions entre les trois types de représentation précités sont exploitées pour la conception d'algorithmes de reconnaissance entièrement dynamiques pour les cographes orientés, les graphes de permutation et les graphes d'intervalles. Pour les cographes orientés, l'algorithme présenté est de complexité optimale, il traite les modifications de sommet en temps O(d), où d est le degré du sommet en question, et les modifications d'arête en temps constant. Les algorithmes pour les graphes de permutation et les graphes d'intervalles ont la même complexité : les modifications d'arête et de sommet sont traitées en temps O(n), où n est le nombre de sommets du graphe. Une des contributions du mémoire est de mettre en lumière des similarités très fortes entre les opérations d'ajout d'un sommet dans un graphe de permutation et dans un graphe d'intervalles.
L'approche mise en oeuvre dans ce mémoire est assez générale pour laisser entrevoir les mêmes possibilités algorithmiques pour d'autres classes de graphes définies géométriquement.
Dzogang, Fabon. "Représentation et apprentissage à partir de textes pour des informations émotionnelles et pour des informations dynamiques." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066253.
Automatic knowledge extraction from texts consists in mapping lowlevel information, as carried by the words and phrases extracted fromdocuments, to higher level information. The choice of datarepresentation for describing documents is, thus, essential and thedefinition of a learning algorithm is subject to theirspecifics. This thesis addresses these two issues in the context ofemotional information on the one hand and dynamic information on theother. In the first part, we consider the task of emotion extraction forwhich the semantic gap is wider than it is with more traditionalthematic information. Therefore, we propose to study representationsaimed at modeling the many nuances of natural language used fordescribing emotional, hence subjective, information. Furthermore, wepropose to study the integration of semantic knowledge which provides,from a characterization perspective, support for extracting theemotional content of documents and, from a prediction perspective,assistance to the learning algorithm. In the second part, we study information dynamics: any corpus ofdocuments published over the Internet can be associated to sources inperpetual activity which exchange information in a continuousmovement. We explore three main lines of work: automaticallyidentified sources; the communities they form in a dynamic and verysparse description space; and the noteworthy themes they develop. Foreach we propose original extraction methods which we apply to a corpusof real data we have collected from information streams over the Internet
Meunier, Deborah. "Les représentations linguistiques des étudiants Erasmus et la vision plurilingue européenne: normes, discours, apprentissages." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209392.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Michel, Olivier. "Représentations dynamiques de l'espace dans un langage déclaratif de simulation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00305731.
Nos travaux ont consisté à introduire dans 81/2 deux nouvelles structures de données, les GBF et les amalgames, en proposant une formalisation et en étudiant leur implémentation. Les GBF permettent de représenter des espaces réguliers et homogènes, tandis que les amalgames permettent de construire, par calcul, des espaces hétérogènes et ad-hoc. Ces deux nouvelles notions trouvent directement leur application dans le domaine de la simulation des systèmes hautement dynamiques (comme par exemple les processus de croissance en biologie). Elles trouvent aussi une application directe en informatique classique, en fournissant un nouveau cadre théorique pour 1) la spéciffication, l'analyse et l' implémentation de données récursives (les GBF permettent en particulier de considérer les arbres et les tableaux dans le même cadre théorique) ; 2) la conception et la formalisation des nouveaux mécanismes de programmation incrémentielle qui commencent à apparaître dans des langages tels que Java (les amalgames permettent en particulier de conjuguer à la fois un mécanisme d' instanciation par capture implicite et d'extension des programmes). GBF et amalgames sont d'abord étudiés pour eux-mêmes puis sont introduits et intégrés au langage déclaratif 81/2 pour donner lieu à la déffinition du langage 81/2D .
Nous avons montré, par de nombreux exemples signifficatifs, la pertinence des choix effectués. Ceux- ci mettent en évidence le gain en expressivité apporté par l'enrichissement de la notion d'espace, et des primitives permettant la déffinition d'objets sur ces espaces. Les notions de GBF et d'amalgame permettent la déffinition, de façon extrêmement concise, de structures de données régulières et irrégulière, dans un cadre déclaratif, et ouvrent de nouvelles voies pour la paramétrisation et la construction incrémentielle de programmes.
Magnan, Jean-Christophe. "Représentations graphiques de fonctions et processus décisionnels Markoviens factorisés." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066042/document.
In decision theoretic planning, the factored framework (Factored Markovian Decision Process, FMDP) has produced several efficient algorithms in order to resolve large sequential decision making under uncertainty problems. The efficiency of this algorithms relies on data structures such as decision trees or algebraïc decision diagrams (ADDs). These planification technics are exploited in Reinforcement Learning by the architecture SDyna in order to resolve large and unknown problems. However, state-of-the-art learning and planning algorithms used in SDyna require the problem to be specified uniquely using binary variables and/or to use improvable data structure in term of compactness. In this book, we present our research works that seek to elaborate and to use a new data structure more efficient and less restrictive, and to integrate it in a new instance of the SDyna architecture. In a first part, we present the state-of-the-art modeling tools used in the algorithms that tackle large sequential decision making under uncertainty problems. We detail the modeling using decision trees and ADDs. Then we introduce the Ordered and Reduced Graphical Representation of Function, a new data structure that we propose in this thesis to deal with the various problems concerning the ADDs. We demonstrate that ORGRFs improve on ADDs to model large problems. In a second part, we go over the resolution of large sequential decision under uncertainty problems using Dynamic Programming. After the introduction of the main algorithms, we see in details the factored alternative. We indicate the improvable points of these factored versions. We describe our new algorithm that improve on these points and exploit the ORGRFs previously introduced. In a last part, we speak about the use of FMDPs in Reinforcement Learning. Then we introduce a new algorithm to learn the new datastrcture we propose. Thanks to this new algorithm, a new instance of the SDyna architecture is proposed, based on the ORGRFs : the SPIMDDI instance. We test its efficiency on several standard problems from the litterature. Finally, we present some works around this new instance. We detail a new algorithm for efficient exploration-exploitation compromise management, aiming to simplify F-RMax. Then we speak about an application of SPIMDDI to the managements of units in a strategic real time video game
Auburtin, Éric. "Dynamiques et représentations transfrontalières de la Lorraine : analyse géopolitique régionale appliquée." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082192.
The frontier, within the European Union and more precisely in Lorraine, is not made up of a boundary between two or several states anylonger. On the contrary, it now includes a territory wich widely reaches beyond the sole border cantons and wich is stretching out to the very inside of the region as far as the town of Metz. The permanent influx of workers and the inhabitants' mobility are changing what the elected and public opinion might have thought about this territory. Economic areas of activity such as Luxemburg and Saarland, located out of Lorraine, seem to take advantage of these dissymetrical dynamics, proving that the cross-border area appears as a place where competitions have increased. The study of the political, economic and cultural players' representations and strategies whose aim is to build a cross-border region underscores the stakes of European integration
Magnan, Jean-Christophe. "Représentations graphiques de fonctions et processus décisionnels Markoviens factorisés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066042.
In decision theoretic planning, the factored framework (Factored Markovian Decision Process, FMDP) has produced several efficient algorithms in order to resolve large sequential decision making under uncertainty problems. The efficiency of this algorithms relies on data structures such as decision trees or algebraïc decision diagrams (ADDs). These planification technics are exploited in Reinforcement Learning by the architecture SDyna in order to resolve large and unknown problems. However, state-of-the-art learning and planning algorithms used in SDyna require the problem to be specified uniquely using binary variables and/or to use improvable data structure in term of compactness. In this book, we present our research works that seek to elaborate and to use a new data structure more efficient and less restrictive, and to integrate it in a new instance of the SDyna architecture. In a first part, we present the state-of-the-art modeling tools used in the algorithms that tackle large sequential decision making under uncertainty problems. We detail the modeling using decision trees and ADDs. Then we introduce the Ordered and Reduced Graphical Representation of Function, a new data structure that we propose in this thesis to deal with the various problems concerning the ADDs. We demonstrate that ORGRFs improve on ADDs to model large problems. In a second part, we go over the resolution of large sequential decision under uncertainty problems using Dynamic Programming. After the introduction of the main algorithms, we see in details the factored alternative. We indicate the improvable points of these factored versions. We describe our new algorithm that improve on these points and exploit the ORGRFs previously introduced. In a last part, we speak about the use of FMDPs in Reinforcement Learning. Then we introduce a new algorithm to learn the new datastrcture we propose. Thanks to this new algorithm, a new instance of the SDyna architecture is proposed, based on the ORGRFs : the SPIMDDI instance. We test its efficiency on several standard problems from the litterature. Finally, we present some works around this new instance. We detail a new algorithm for efficient exploration-exploitation compromise management, aiming to simplify F-RMax. Then we speak about an application of SPIMDDI to the managements of units in a strategic real time video game
Siegel, Anne. "Représentations géométrique, combinatoire et arithmétique des systèmes subsitutifs de type Pisot." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22075.
Loverini, Corinne. "Identification de systèmes dynamiques non-linéaires à l'aide de représentations multi-modèles." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL041N.
The problem of system modelling is classical for process control. The aim is to present, with an optimal accuracy, the system behaviour. In general, real processes are non linear, multi-variables and time-varying parameters. It is therefore quite difficult to geta global system representation so that it is valid for any operating regime. The multi-models approach is based on the design of several quite simple models, called local models. Each local model is valid for a given operating point and around this point in a region of the operating domain defined within a weight function. These local models are further integrated using a weight expression in order to get an algebraic expression. This expression links the process inputs and outputs so that a global description is obtained. Many multi-model structures can be defined in order to describe the actual behaviour of more complex processes but, whatever the strategy is, the main problem relies on the increasing number of parameters to be identified. That is why, we develop a multi-model structure called "Hammerstein generalisé" (generalized Hammerstein) that allows us to get a smaller (in the number of parameters sense) representation of a given process. Such a multi-models structure depends , m parameter within non linear functions and we propose accordingly algorithms in order to estimate such parameters. In particular, we develop an iterative global method based upon sensitivity functions so that ail the model parameters are obtained: the parameters of the weight functions, of the local models and of the dynamic part. The previous global estimation method is applied on a multi-variables activated sludge process. We then compare the performances and the robustness of the developed identification algorithm on a simulated example. Finally, an esearch of the optimal multi-model structure of the process is performed with the search of the more significant inputs of the process behaviour, the optimal number of local models but also of the order of the dynamic model based on an extension of statistical tools already available for linear models
Ringtoumda, Félicité. "Les représentations de la vulgarisation agricole en milieu rural au Burkina Faso, analysées en regard du transfert des apprentissages, contribution à l'approche du phénomène de transfert des apprentissages." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/NQ54030.pdf.
Villa-Perez, Valeria. "Les dialectes des migrants : représentations sociolinguistiques et dynamiques d'intégration territoriale dans l'Italie contemporaine." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30052.
In this research we analyze the dynamics of linguistic contact with the Italian language, dialects and regional varieties described by adult immigrants and their sociolinguistic representations of these varieties. Our study is based on a corpus of fifty audio-taped conversations gathered in the Emilia-Romagna region (in Bologna and Forlì) and realized at immigrants’ work places. The acquisition of dialects and regional Italian varieties has also been considered in some linguistic studies on immigration but they have mainly highlighted the use and attitudes of migrants, underlining their role in the experience of linguistic learning in some regions of the North and of the South of Italy. Neverthless, linguistic socialization practices, which involve the endogen plurilingualism, seem to be less studied and they are the focus of our research which examines the role of dialects for immigrants in their journey since their arrival in Italy and in relation to their personal social network. We considered the role of linguistic socialization practices at work places for repercussions on social and linguistic integration in the host country
Hélie, Thomas. "Modélisation physique d'instruments de musique en systèmes dynamiques et inversion." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112315.
This work deals with the modeling and the inversion process "sound/instrumental gesture" of musical instruments with like standard application : brasses and production of the voice. The physical modeling has large a interest for the sound synthesis since it generates not only the sound but also the behavior of the instrument (attacks, transients, false notes, etc). For these reasons, the difficulty of playing with virtual instruments is comparable to that of real instruments. The difficulty of controlling such models leads to the question of the inversion process : "how do I control my model to obtain this target sound that this musician obtained with his own instrument?" To cope with this problematic, we first indicate that the synthesis modeling and the associated inverse system may be thought together. Our thesis presents a work aiming to obtain mathematic objects as simple as possible. The problem of the excitor (lips, reeds, etc. . ) has been considered during our Master's Thesis. That of the resonator (description of the propagation in a pipe with a varying cross-section and its radiation) are thus the principal object of this work. In the first part, we establish a new model 1D of the acoustic propagation in axisymmetrical pipes with a slowly varying cross-section. This model makes it possible to take into account for example the motion of walls (case adapted with the vocal tract), or the existence of visco-thermic losses (which involes fractional derivatives). For this last case, it is possible of represent the whole guide by concatenating input-ouput systems associated with pieces of pipes locally adapted with the curvature of the pipe. As the involved transfer functions are too complicated to allow the derivation of a low cost time-simulation, we propose two methods which approach them with linear differential systems of finite order with delay. These methods are based on, respectively, troncated divergent series, and the theory of the diffusive representations of pseudo-differential operators. In the second part, a new model of the radiation of the bell which takes the wavefront curvature is developed and used to model the boundary condition at the output of the instrument. The results of this work may be used for the study of the brasses and, partially, for the vocal tract
Déserti, Julie. "Sur le groupe de Cremona : aspects algébriques et dynamiques." Rennes 1, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00125492.
Yambene, Bomono Abol Kinan Henri. "Représentations et dynamiques foncières en zone de contact forêt-savane (pays yambassa) au Cameroun." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010607.
Lagrange, Jean-Baptiste. "Des situations connues aux traitements sur des données codifiées : représentations mentales et processus d'acquisition dans les premiers apprentissages en informatique." Paris 7, 1991. http://jb.lagrange.free.fr/Preprints/TheseLagrange.pdf.
Bekhti, Smaïn. "DyPKM : un processus dynamique de définition et de réutilisation de mémoires de projets." Troyes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TROY0009.
Knowledge is currently considered as a strategic stake in the companies. We are, more and more, speaking about asset of knowledge necessary to be exploited. Several techniques of knowledge engineering were adapted to extract and model knowledge in an organization. These techniques make it possible to define organisations memories : professions or projects. Project memory defining requires a collection of knowledge from several sources, produced by many project participants. The exchanges (options, arguments, suggestions, etc. ) during design meetings are generally volatile although they represent a fundamental know-how in an every project. The objective of thesis is to propose a dynamic process of modelling of knowledge emerging during a design project. This process allows, on one hand, a continuous capitalization and, on the other hand, a dynamic and flexible structuring of knowledge. The proposed approach offers a method of traceability in several stages (in particular the direct re-transcription and the restructuring) and introduce a dynamics as well into the method of traceability as into the memory of project structures. Moreover, the techniques of the activity eve were studied in order to represent the context in which a project of design is realized
Gleitz, Anne-Sophie. "Algèbres amassées et théorie des représentations." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2009.
In this thesis, we focus on two questions arising from combinatorics and representation theory. Kuniba, Nakanishi and Suzuki have formulated a conjecture that expresses the positive solution of a system of algebraic equations, called a restricted Q-system, in terms of the quantum dimensions of some particular irreducible representations of the corresponding quantum affine algebras, called Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules. We prove this result for the exceptional type E_6, and give partial proofs for types E_7 and E_8. We reduce positivity to the conjectural iterated log-concavity of certain explicit sequences of real algebraic numbers. Cluster algebras, introduced by Fomin and Zelevinsky, give us a better view of the relations between Q-systems and Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules. Hernandez and Leclerc have proved that the Grothendieck ring of a certain tensor subcategory of finite-dimensional representations of a quantum affine algebra has a cluster structure, whose seeds are closely related to the affine analogues of the Q-systems, called T-systems. In the spirit of this work, we prove, in type A_1, that the Grothendieck ring of a certain tensor subcategory of finite-dimensional representations of the quantum affine algebra specialised at root of unity, is isomorphic to a variant of cluster algebras, introduced by Chekhov and Shapiro, called a generalised cluster algebra, of finite type C. We state a similar conjecture in type A_2, where we give an explicit seed, which is in general no longer of finite type
Guàrdia, Sebaoun Elie. "Accès personnalisé à l'information : prise en compte de la dynamique utilisateur." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066519/document.
The main goal of this thesis resides in using rich and efficient profiling to improve the adequation between the retrieved information and the user's expectations. We focus on exploiting as much feedback as we can (being clicks, ratings or written reviews) as well as context. In the meantime, the tremendous growth of ubiquitous computing forces us to rethink the role of information access platforms. Therefore, we took interest not solely in performances but also in accompanying users through their access to the information. Through this thesis, we focus on users dynamics modeling. Not only it improves the system performances but it also brings some kind of explicativity to the recommendation. Thus, we propose to accompany the user through his experience accessing information instead of constraining him to a given set of items the systems finds fitting
Campigotto, Corrado. "Groupes quantiques, polynômes orthogonaux et applications à quelques systèmes dynamiques." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10288.
Córdoba, Aldana John Harold. "Mobilité internationale et dynamiques résidentielles à Bogotá (Colombie)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939012.
Senoussi, Medhi. "Flexibilité temporelle et spatiale des représentations neurales d'objets visuels lors d'apprentissages." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30162.
The work presented in this thesis deals with the effect of short- and long-term learning on the visual system. We first demonstrated through electroencephalographic recordings that learning a sequence of visual stimuli induced spontaneous and selective cerebral activity to the next-to-appear stimulus and that this selective activity was expressed in the alpha and beta bands of cerebral electrical activity. Subsequently, we showed through functional magnetic resonance imaging that during long learning (three weeks) the neural representations of associated visual categories were modulated and became more similar due to learning. The work presented in this thesis has thus made it possible to better characterize the impact of learning at different time scales on the neural representations of visual objects
Beroule, Dominique. "Un modèle de mémoire adaptative, dynamique et associative pour le traitement automatique de la parole." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112317.
Moreau, Clémence. "Mettre en débat l’état de référence. Analyse des représentations des dynamiques paysagères au prisme des services écosystémiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/23867/1/Moreau_23867.pdf.
Ben, Fadhel Slah eddine. "Dynamiques éducatives sociofamiliales et acquisition de l'écrit au cycle des apprentissages fondamentaux : une approche comparative d'enfants de classes d'adaptation et d'enfant tout-venant." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU2A047.
Meyer, Samantha. "L'estimation numérique dans les apprentissages mathématiques : rôles et interêts de la mise en correspondance des représentations numériques au niveau développemental, éducatif et rééducatif." Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30011/document.
Understanding the development of numerical abilities is a major issue to guide educative and reeducative practices in mathematics in young children. National and international investigations has demonstrated that the mathematical skills of students has decrease since 2003 (PISA, 2012). Nowadays, weak capacities to map numerical representations and therefore a defective « number sense » (Dehaene, 1997 ; 2001) is the most supported hypothesis. The « number sense » is contained into the analogical and non-verbal representation of number. In this work, we consider that numerical estimation is a good way to exercise this mapping and give sense to verbal and written numerical symbols. Indeed, the role of numerical estimation needs to be specified in order to lead the (re)educative practices (Dehaene, 1997 ; 2001 ; Von Aster et Shalev). During three experimental studies, we explore the role of numerical estimation, in an educative and reeducative way in children in first year and children with down’s syndrom. The acquisition of numerical representations and the complex relations they have are also explored and discussed through a spirality hypothesis in order to better specify actual models of number treatment
Aguerreche, Laurent. "Partage d'intéractions en environnements virtuels : de nouvelles techniques collaboratives basées sur un protocole de dialogue générique." Rennes, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAR0007.
Virtual reality enables users to manipulate virtual objects from local or distant sites. Nevertheless, virtual objects are usually manipulated by only one user at a time. In this thesis, we define an interaction protocol describing how interaction tools and interactive objects communicate to enable local and distant interactions for single or multi-users situations. The implementation is explained through the description of a set of reusable software components. A new technique for multi-user interaction is proposed. Movements in 6 DoF are deduced from the positions (not orientations) provided by 3 virtual hands. This technique thus enables two or three users to manipulate together virtual objects. The implementation is built upon the interaction protocol. A reconfigurable tangible device (RTD) for single or multi-user interaction is also proposed. The shape of this interface can be modified in order to match any shape of virtual objects for manipulation
Bégin, Élise. "Les dynamiques identitaires chez les métis-autochtones en Abitibi-Témiscamingue." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27222/27222.pdf.
Pluvinet, Charline. "L'auteur déplacé dans la fiction : configurations, dynamiques et enjeux des représentations fictionnelles de l'auteur dans la littérature contemporaine." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451032.
Dellagi, Adel. "L'Europe, c'est les autres ! : l'enjeu européen en Suisse : représentations et dynamiques de compétition des partis politiques (1999-2014)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2159.
Known to be reluctant on European integration, Switzerland has been taking significant steps towards rapprochement with the European Union (EU) over the last twenty years through the first bilateral agreements signed in 1999, one of the fundamental chapters of which is the free movement of persons. On the one hand, this has been considered by some scholars and political observers as a first commitment towards an ever closer integration with the EU. On the other hand, some have seen through this agreement a necessary concession allowing Switzerland to preserve its sovereignty while benefiting from the economic opportunities of the European giant. Whether through the first set of bilateral agreements previously mentioned or the second set endorsed in 2004, a strong political will has prevailed from the Swiss political elite for a rapprochement with the European Union. In this context, the specificity of the country has led the Swiss people to decide on these crucial milestones about thegrowing cooperation between Switzerland and the EU. This is why the political parties had to engage in a though competition opposing those in favor of more EU and those being euro-skeptical, fierce opponents of any bilateral agreement presented by the EU. Consequently, the Swiss people have been involved eight times between 1999 and 2014 into referendum voting to decide if bilateral agreements and European integration should be pursued. This is known to be the Swiss "third way", halfway between isolationism and European integration. During these fifteen years, the political parties had to develop their arguments and strategies on every EU topic brought into the political arena. Hence, a sizeable amount of texts, speeches and discourses have been produced in the framework of these campaigns about the EU. The period 1999-2014 fits to a 'momentum', an intense period around the European challenge. These eight referendums shed the light on an essential aspect of the bilateral relations between Switzerland and the European Union. The scope of this research is about the analysis of the EU representation and competition dynamics in Switzerland through the study of the discourse that the major political parties of the Swiss political arena have been producing during the 'European' campaigns of these referendums
Pianelli, Carine. "Représentations sociales de la vitesse chez les conducteurs et pratique du limiteur s'adaptant à la vitesse autorisée (LAVIA) : genèse d'une représentation sociale, dynamiques représentationnelles et relations entre représentations." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10132.
Guàrdia, Sebaoun Elie. "Accès personnalisé à l'information : prise en compte de la dynamique utilisateur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066519.
The main goal of this thesis resides in using rich and efficient profiling to improve the adequation between the retrieved information and the user's expectations. We focus on exploiting as much feedback as we can (being clicks, ratings or written reviews) as well as context. In the meantime, the tremendous growth of ubiquitous computing forces us to rethink the role of information access platforms. Therefore, we took interest not solely in performances but also in accompanying users through their access to the information. Through this thesis, we focus on users dynamics modeling. Not only it improves the system performances but it also brings some kind of explicativity to the recommendation. Thus, we propose to accompany the user through his experience accessing information instead of constraining him to a given set of items the systems finds fitting
Boundat, Boundat. "L'individualisme : une approche psychosociale des dynamiques représentationnelles et identitaires chez les étudiants et les jeunes diplômés gabonais." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0024.
Milhaud, Jean-Marc. "Analyse génétique des représentations spatiales dans les lignées consanguines de souris C57BL/6 et DBA/2." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30208.
Guibert, Bertrand. "Entre nature et cultures : constructions culturelles et représentations du territoire : des faits historiques aux dynamiques rurales actuelles en Rouergue." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788690.
Leroy, Marie. "Du plurilinguisme à l'école au Sud-Tyrol : minorités linguistiques, représentations sociolinguistiques, dynamiques identitaires et pratiques éducatives en milieu plurilingue." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2021/document.
This thesis proposes to investigate the linguistic appropriations and the conceptualizations of language of secondary school students in the town of Bozen-Bolzano in South Tyrol / Alto Adige, as a sociolinguistic and didactic reflection. In this officially multilingual Italian province, which enjoys a status of protection of the German-speaking minority, living together is strongly marked by the separation of schools on an ethnolinguistic basis. The relatively recent presence of transnational migrants calls for a renewed look at the dynamics of identification between "indigenous" and "non-indigeneous" and, more particularly, its implications for education. By giving disposable cameras to secondary school students in the town of Bozen-Bolzano, a city that seems to embody a certain hybridism, with the mission of photographing "the languages of the neighborhood" to create an exhibition, the goal is to investigate the ways young people interpret the plurality that surrounds them
Ollmann, Michaël. "De la représentation des risques professionnels aux pratiques de prévention : quelle dynamique pour quelle formation : le cas du risque routier et des troubles musculosquelettiques en question." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_OLLMAN_M_1.pdf.
Many cultural, technical and scientific upheavals are going through our modern societies. However, parallely to the progress they generate, these upheavals also create undesirable effects which we name risks. The domain of risks on the places of work is not spared by this phenomenon and we are presently noticing the emergence of risks that do not exactly correspond to usual criteria of risks on these places. We may ask ourselves what sort of representation of these risks prevention actors have? What sort of knowledge and competences are necessary to these prevention? What sort of training can we propose to prevention actors? In order to give appropriate answers to these questions, we have been interested in two risks: the risks on roads and the risk on musculoskeletal disorders. In order to achieve our goal we carried out a series of semi-directive interviews next to the “CRAM” prevention actors and the actors of the prevention inside firms who have been confronted with these risks. Thanks to this study, we can thus understand the dynamic of representations, the nature of prevention practices and the learning and training mode process of the prevention actors. From these results, we make recommendations to adapt the training of the prevention actors to the peculiar characteristics of these risks
Buduchev, Vitaly. "La fabrique médiatique des élections biélorusses : la lecture nationale de l’événement et les représentations transnationales à l’épreuve des dynamiques coopératives." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL018.
This work focuses on the journalists from Russian and French daily newspapers who cover political events on the Belarussian territory. Their own national and transnational representations, are at the center of our questioning. The way their cooperative interactions elaborate the Russian and French audience's perception of the Belarusian elections is another aspect of this work. Their narrative, framed by each newspaper's editorial project for which they work is the third aspect this thesis explores.Our goal is to identify the common values that tie together the different actors of the world of information in Minsk, which is motivated by foreign reporters. Furthermore, we shed light on inner dynamics within the groups that take part in the mutual production of information, which create distinct communities that make up this world and are united around their own objectives, their own identities, and their own narrative. This is where the matter of borders between these communities lies and allows us to reveal the foreign reporters' team and the Belarusian dissident community. This work also interrogates the structures of both communities, the relationships between their respective members, their inner conventions, the relations between colleagues and individuals outside of the group. Finally, we explore the results of such cooperation, which are in line with the editorial projects of the Russian and French newspapers. Thus we analyze the expression of professional logistics on an editorial scale that transpires through the enunciation of the different press titles
Nowé, Caroline. "Contribution à l'étude qualitative des représentations/conceptions de l'alternance éducative : apprentissages et organisations de formations : le cas d'apprenants jeunes et adultes dans des dispositifs de l'enseignement supérieur." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50377-2005-27.pdf.
Notre recherche consiste à comprendre et à tenter de modéliser ce que vivent les apprenants en alternance. Nous nous intéressons à leurs visions subjectives, aux scénarios intérieurs qu'ils construisent dans le " système alternance ", leur permettant d'attribuer un sens à leur propre réalité. Notre recherche laisse apparaître que l'apprendre en alternance est un processus complexe de réorganisation du modèle cognitif entre autres. Les temporalités constituent un facteur majeur dans cc processus. Ainsi, la prise de conscience de l'apprentissage est toujours en retard sur l'action, ce qui remet en question les modèles classiques. Les temps conjugués permettent la complexification des représentations initiales qui peuvent alors devenir des conceptions, des représentations en action, davantage finalisées et internes à l'acteur. Dans cette complexification des représentations, la qualité des organisations de formation va jouer un rôle important, en aidant l'apprenant à donner du sens à ce qu'il vit, à développer ses finalités propres À ce titre, il nous semble que la fonction accompagnement des apprenants en alternance devient alors l'enjeu premier
Zarate, Ramirez Julio Cesar. "Représentations et dynamiques de l'espace, du voyage et de l'ironie dans trois romans de Roberto Bolaño, Guillermo Fadanelli et Juan Villoro." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30027/document.
This dissertation claims to assemble a dialog between the representations of Space, Travel and Irony in the work of three contemporary Latin American writers; two of them, Mexicans: Juan Villoro (1956) and Guillermo Fadanelli (1963); the third one, the Chilean Roberto Bolaño (1953-2003). A benchmark is taken of three novels by these writers: Roberto Bolaño's Los detectives salvajes (1998); Guillermo Fadanelli's Lodo (2002) and Juan Villoro's El testigo (2004); however, the ensemble of their work is referred to in general. This work analyzes the different spatial levels where the literary text can be developed. The space known as “México” and the points of contact established in these novels, open to a multiplicity of spaces that are essential to the deployment of words. In addition to the referential space, other spaces are explored, the body of the characters, the memory, the dreams and the intertextual space that's constructed by the understanding of characters as well as the reading of the authors of these novels. With concern to travel, the interest revolves around the way the voyage is developed in each novel and the multiple features and types of journey that can be practiced in literature, from urban flânerie to exile in the desert. Regarding irony, the interest is to explore its various forms in these texts, which distinguish the writing and the style of these authors. A great diversity of manifestations of irony is analyzed, from parody to sarcasm, from discursive treatment to a particular ethical vision which sometimes ends in silence
Dahan, Kevin. "Domaines formels et représentations dans la composition et l'analyse des musiques électroacoustiques : systèmes dynamiques dans la création musicale assistée par ordinateur." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA083580.
Some theories and technical approaches used to characterize the computer-assisted composition process are presented. Theories and techniques unusually used in the field of computer music are applied to the numerous problems raised by a musicology of electroacoustic music and its genetic ontology. A critical deconstruction of methods and tools used to characterize musical creation is developed and a novel conceptual tool is exposed, and formalized. The notion of object, which permits a multiscalar reading of the creative process, is described and an adaptation of the traditional electroacoustic toolkit is made neccesary by the object considered as a multiscalar seme. A prototype of a compositional system gives a first answer in order to present complexity
Mailles-Viard, Metz Stéphanie. "Les représentations analogiques comme support de l'anticipation dans les environnements dynamiques : étude d'une tâche simulée de régulation de trafic de bus." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20025.
The objective of this study is to assess mental representations of a dynamic environment in order to anticipate and reduce complexity of control tasks. The effect of a presentation of the schematized environment on anticipatory behavior is then examined by manipulating the types of interfaces used in bus traffic control tasks. However, former studies show that this type of task has many requirements and a wide variety of interfaces exist in work situations. Indeed, the choice of interfaces is often empirical. In order to study anticipatory behavior in several coding conditions, we developed a bus traffic simulator. It allows generation of different scenarios which vary depending on the parametered disturbances. This simulator also allows the use of different interfaces. Moreover, different experimental conditions are possible such as the nature of tasks. The use of different interfaces in the simulator allows the experimenter to manipulate the way information is coded. The results reveal significant differences between the types of interfaces and tasks
Caianiello, Eduardo. "Le fait génétique des mathématiques et la puissance dynamique du mental humain." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00589733.
Souchal, Carine. "ETUDE DES DETERMINANTS DES INEGALITES DE DESTINS SCOLAIRES : Représentations de l'intelligence, de la réussite et contextes évaluatifs." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797155.
Dahmani, Hassen Reda. "Étude des spécificités iconiques et fonctionnelles des images scientifiques (représentations figuratives et graphiques) et de leurs utilisations didactiques pour l’amélioration des apprentissages en biologie au Secondaire et à l’université : cas des molécules." Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21617.
The study focuses on the analysis of scientific images of molecules used in the teaching of biology in high school and university. As a specific language, the images are used in the construction and appropriation of knowledge among students. Iconic representations, however, are characterized by their great diversity of forms and use. In addition, the virtual images, which are now increasingly present in education, provide new ways of analyzing the phenomena at the molecular level. For various reasons, students do not perceive scientific images the same way because of their complexity and high degree of abstraction. This can lead to discrepancies in interpretation and distortion of meaning. Teachers do not always take into account this problem. After an analysis of the use of scientific images of molecules in the school context (analysis of practice, analysis of interviews and tests …), our study aims at designing teaching activities that use images as tools of communication and conceptualization. The aim is to design educational activities that can positively influence learning. At the end of this study, we show how to achieve successful learning for students by using specific images. We specify the different conditions whereby these images become more functional (teaching conditions and teacher training)
Sturma, Aude. "Les défis de l'assainissement à Mayotte : dynamiques de changement social et effets pervers de l'action publique." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20097.
The thesis highlights the difficulties of implementing the policywater and sanitation in Mayotte since the late 2000s, on the bottom of departmentalization. It studies the interactions between social vulnerabilities, policies, and institutional forms that determine the action, the progress and effectiveness of this policy in Mayotte. Based on a research methodology that is both classic (interviews and questionnaires) and original (multi-agent simulation), it successively analyzes the practices and the social representations of the environment, water and sanitation in Mayotte, the fragility of the broader institutional (State and Union waters) for the implementation of public policy and, finally, the political capacity of local officials to be territorial relay sovereign normative requirements. It highlights the strength of traditional modes of organization and some Mayotte cultural foundations to organizational changes initiated "from above" and the genesis of a process of social vulnerabilization related to the same terms of public policy
Coulouma, Sarah. "Une ethno-histoire des Wa-Paraok de Wengding (Yunnan, Chine) : pratiques, représentations et espace social face au tourisme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0610/document.
The Wa-Paraok village of Wengding, described as "China last primitive tribe" by local and national chinese authorities, is the target of an ethnic tourism development plan. It has been staged to preserve and (re)present the Chinese “Wa nationality culture”. This thesis analyzes the socio-cultural transformations that happened in the tourism arena, considering the long history of relations between Chinese authorities and their outskirts. If the tourism plan, initiated by external agents, reconfigure the villagers’ daily life, they constantly reinvent their being in the world. The touristic arena is thus a place of dynamic reshaping of identities