Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Apprentissage basé sur les défis'
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Zigani, Housougna Rabiyatou. "Use of ICT in Teaching English : challenges and Perspectives for the University Joseph KI-ZERBO in an International Collaborative Context." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REN20024.
Full textThis thesis proposes an innovative approach to improving English language proficiency among students in the University Joseph KI-Zerbo (UJKZ) English department in Burkina Faso, focusing on teaching listening comprehension (LC). Based on a data collection methodology over two years at the UJKZ, we aim to explore the potential benefits of introducing new ICT to enhance students' LC skills. The experiments conducted in this thesis are based on a recent observation: educational technologies have become necessary in language teaching, particularly since the COVID-19 crisis. While many European universities have set up distance learning systems to ensure continuity of learning, the University JKZ has faced challenges during this transition, like many universities in Africa, Asia, and South America. Several innovative systems have been put in place in this research. Firstly, the study exploits the possibilities offered by an international collaborative project called the VEC, which provides a collaborative distance learning environment using OER. By participating in this project, students developed their language skills by working in teams with students from other countries to tackle environmental challenges and exchange best practices and ideas. Secondly, using ICT tools enabled students to actively participate in listening exercises based on audio recordings and gap-filling texts. The study draws on theoretical concepts such as collaborative learning, peer tutoring, challenge-based learning, and distance learning. The data is analysed using descriptive and Multivariate statistical approaches. This study enables us to highlight how ICTE can be integrated and the dynamics of work to improve LC, which leads to significant progress in language learning, particularly concerning LC. The results of the study demonstrate the effectiveness of LC teaching and its positive impact on the language skills of UJKZ students. In addition, it highlights the pedagogical integration of ICT in higher education, showing the potential of collaborative learning experiences and virtual platforms to foster effective learning and develop essential skills
Delgrange, Clément. "Apprentissage basé sur l’usage en interaction humaine avec un assistant adaptatif." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1290/document.
Full textToday users can interact with popular virtual assistants such as Siri to accomplish their tasks on a digital environment. In these systems, links between natural language requests and their concrete realizations are specified at the conception phase. A more adaptive approach would be to allow the user to provide natural language instructions or demonstrations when a task is unknown by the assistant. An adaptive solution should allow the virtual assistant to operate a much larger digital environment composed of multiple application domains and providers and better match user needs. We have previously developed robotic systems, inspired by human language developmental studies, that provide such a usage-based adaptive capacity. Here we extend this approach to human interaction with a virtual assistant that can first learn the mapping between verbal commands and basic action semantics of a specific domain. Then, it can learn higher level mapping by combining previously learned procedural knowledge in interaction with the user. The flexibility of the system is demonstrated as the virtual assistant can learn actions in a new domains (Email, Wikipedia,...), and can then learn how email and Wikipedia basic procedures can be combined to form hybrid procedural knowledge
Chali, Yllias. "L'expansion de texte. Une approche basée sur l'explication par questions/réponses pour la génération de versions de textes." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30078.
Full textPierrefeu, Amicie de. "Apprentissage automatique avec parcimonie structurée : application au phénotypage basé sur la neuroimagerie pour la schizophrénie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS329/document.
Full textSchizophrenia is a disabling chronic mental disorder characterized by various symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions as well as impairments in high-order cognitive functions. Over the years, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been increasingly used to gain insights on the structural and functional abnormalities inherent to the disorder. Recent progress in machine learning together with the availability of large datasets now pave the way to capture complex relationships to make inferences at an individual level in the perspective of computer-aided diagnosis/prognosis or biomarkers discovery. Given the limitations of state-of-the-art sparse algorithms to produce stable and interpretable predictive signatures, we have pushed forward the regularization approaches extending classical algorithms with structural constraints issued from the known biological structure (spatial structure of the brain) in order to force the solution to adhere to biological priors, producing more plausible interpretable solutions. Such structured sparsity constraints have been leveraged to identify first, a neuroanatomical signature of schizophrenia and second a neuroimaging functional signature of hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia. Additionally, we also extended the popular PCA (Principal Component Analysis) with spatial regularization to identify interpretable patterns of the neuroimaging variability in either functional or anatomical meshes of the cortical surface
Brezellec, Pierre. "Techniques d'apprentissage par explication et détections de similarités." Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA132033.
Full textSokol, Marina. "Méthodes d'apprentissage semi-supervisé basé sur les graphes et détection rapide des nœuds centraux." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998394.
Full textSokol, Marina. "Méthodes d’apprentissage semi-supervisé basé sur les graphes et détection rapide des nœuds centraux." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4018/document.
Full textSemi-supervised learning methods constitute a category of machine learning methods which use labelled points together with unlabeled data to tune the classifier. The main idea of the semi-supervised methods is based on an assumption that the classification function should change smoothly over a similarity graph. In the first part of the thesis, we propose a generalized optimization approach for the graph-based semi-supervised learning which implies as particular cases the Standard Laplacian, Normalized Laplacian and PageRank based methods. Using random walk theory, we provide insights about the differences among the graph-based semi-supervised learning methods and give recommendations for the choice of the kernel parameters and labelled points. We have illustrated all theoretical results with the help of synthetic and real data. As one example of real data we consider classification of content and users in P2P systems. This application demonstrates that the proposed family of methods scales very well with the volume of data. The second part of the thesis is devoted to quick detection of network central nodes. The algorithms developed in the second part of the thesis can be applied for the selections of quality labelled data but also have other applications in information retrieval. Specifically, we propose random walk based algorithms for quick detection of large degree nodes and nodes with large values of Personalized PageRank. Finally, in the end of the thesis we suggest new centrality measure, which generalizes both the current flow betweenness centrality and PageRank. This new measure is particularly well suited for detection of network vulnerability
Meng, Anbo. "Contribution à la modélisation et l'implémentation d'un système d'e-Education basé sur les multi-agents." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Meng.Anbo.SMZ0636.pdf.
Full textThe goal of this PhD thesis is develop an intelligent, flexible, personalized and open e-Education environment so as to provide an efficient mechanism to personalize the learner's learning process and the teacher's pedagogic process, diversify the learning paradigms and facilitate the development of the teaching and learning materials. To achieve such goal, this thesis explored and adopted a series of innovative methodologies, théories, algorithmes, and technologies derived from multidiscipline such as Multi-Agent, system, learning Object, cognitive theorue, genetic algorithm, eXentensible Markup Langaguage, J2EE and so on. In particular, this dissertation concentrates on the approch of MAS as a container and supporting environment to integrating and encapsulating the above mentioned technologies and methodologies, as well as to modeling and implementating several typical e-Education applications different levels and different contexts in terms of content authoring, individual and collective learning, expertise peer help finding, and test generation, delivery, assessment in distributed learning environment after deliberately taking into consideration the obvious advantage of MAS in terms of autonomy, procativeness, social ability and reactivity, To verify and validate the feasibility and efficiency of the models proposed in thisthesis, part of the models have been implementted and simulated with the JADE framework. The final simulation results demonstrate the rationality and feasibility of applying multi-agent system technology to modeling and implementing large-scale and complex e-Education system in distributed environment
Cao, Hongliu. "Forêt aléatoire pour l'apprentissage multi-vues basé sur la dissimilarité : Application à la Radiomique." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR073/document.
Full textThe work of this thesis was initiated by a Radiomic learning problem. Radiomics is a medical discipline that aims at the large-scale analysis of data from traditional medical imaging to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The main hypothesis of this discipline is that by extracting a large amount of information from the images, we can characterize the specificities of this pathology in a much better way than the human eye. To achieve this, Radiomics data are generally based on several types of images and/or several types of features (from images, clinical, genomic). This thesis approaches this problem from the perspective of Machine Learning (ML) and aims to propose a generic solution, adapted to any similar learning problem. To do this, we identify two types of ML problems behind Radiomics: (i) learning from high dimension, low sample size (HDLSS) and (ii) multiview learning. The solutions proposed in this manuscript exploit dissimilarity representations obtained using the Random Forest method. The use of dissimilarity representations makes it possible to overcome the well-known difficulties of learning high dimensional data, and to facilitate the joint analysis of the multiple descriptions, i.e. the views.The contributions of this thesis focus on the use of the dissimilarity easurement embedded in the Random Forest method for HDLSS multi-view learning. In particular, we present three main results: (i) the demonstration and analysis of the effectiveness of this measure for HDLSS multi-view learning; (ii) a new method for measuring dissimilarities from Random Forests, better adapted to this type of learning problem; and (iii) a new way to exploit the heterogeneity of views, using a dynamic combination mechanism. These results have been obtained on radiomic data but also on classical multi-view learning problems
Kalunga, Emmanuel. "Vers des interfaces cérébrales adaptées aux utilisateurs : interaction robuste et apprentissage statistique basé sur la géométrie riemannienne." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV041/document.
Full textIn the last two decades, interest in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) has tremendously grown, with a number of research laboratories working on the topic. Since the Brain-Computer Interface Project of Vidal in 1973, where BCI was introduced for rehabilitative and assistive purposes, the use of BCI has been extended to more applications such as neurofeedback and entertainment. The credit of this progress should be granted to an improved understanding of electroencephalography (EEG), an improvement in its measurement techniques, and increased computational power.Despite the opportunities and potential of Brain-Computer Interface, the technology has yet to reach maturity and be used out of laboratories. There are several challenges that need to be addresses before BCI systems can be used to their full potential. This work examines in depth some of these challenges, namely the specificity of BCI systems to users physical abilities, the robustness of EEG representation and machine learning, and the adequacy of training data. The aim is to provide a BCI system that can adapt to individual users in terms of their physical abilities/disabilities, and variability in recorded brain signals.To this end, two main avenues are explored: the first, which can be regarded as a high-level adjustment, is a change in BCI paradigms. It is about creating new paradigms that increase their performance, ease the discomfort of using BCI systems, and adapt to the user’s needs. The second avenue, regarded as a low-level solution, is the refinement of signal processing and machine learning techniques to enhance the EEG signal quality, pattern recognition and classification.On the one hand, a new methodology in the context of assistive robotics is defined: it is a hybrid approach where a physical interface is complemented by a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) for human machine interaction. This hybrid system makes use of users residual motor abilities and offers BCI as an optional choice: the user can choose when to rely on BCI and could alternate between the muscular- and brain-mediated interface at the appropriate time.On the other hand, for the refinement of signal processing and machine learning techniques, this work uses a Riemannian framework. A major limitation in this filed is the EEG poor spatial resolution. This limitation is due to the volume conductance effect, as the skull bones act as a non-linear low pass filter, mixing the brain source signals and thus reducing the signal-to-noise ratio. Consequently, spatial filtering methods have been developed or adapted. Most of them (i.e. Common Spatial Pattern, xDAWN, and Canonical Correlation Analysis) are based on covariance matrix estimations. The covariance matrices are key in the representation of information contained in the EEG signal and constitute an important feature in their classification. In most of the existing machine learning algorithms, covariance matrices are treated as elements of the Euclidean space. However, being Symmetric and Positive-Definite (SPD), covariance matrices lie on a curved space that is identified as a Riemannian manifold. Using covariance matrices as features for classification of EEG signals and handling them with the tools provided by Riemannian geometry provide a robust framework for EEG representation and learning
Dion-Routhier, Justine. "L'apprentissage par problème basé sur des questions socialement vives au primaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32269.
Full textLi, Huihua. "Généralisation de l'ordre et des paramètres de macro-actions par apprentissage basé sur l'explication. Extension de l'apprentissage par explications sur l'ordre partiel." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066233.
Full textPace, Alessio. "Quelques défis posés par l'utilisation de protocoles de Gossip dans l'Internet." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00636386.
Full textMotta, Jesus Antonio. "VENCE : un modèle performant d'extraction de résumés basé sur une approche d'apprentissage automatique renforcée par de la connaissance ontologique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26076.
Full textSeveral methods and techniques of artificial intelligence for information extraction, pattern recognition and data mining are used for extraction of summaries. More particularly, new machine learning models with the introduction of ontological knowledge allow the extraction of the sentences containing the greatest amount of information from a corpus. This corpus is considered as a set of sentences on which different optimization methods are applied to identify the most important attributes. They will provide a training set from which a machine learning algorithm will can abduce a classification function able to discriminate the sentences of new corpus according their information content. Currently, even though the results are interesting, the effectiveness of models based on this approach is still low, especially in the discriminating power of classification functions. In this thesis, a new model based on this approach is proposed and its effectiveness is improved by inserting ontological knowledge to the training set. The originality of this model is described through three papers. The first paper aims to show how linear techniques could be applied in an original way to optimize workspace in the context of extractive summary. The second article explains how to insert ontological knowledge to significantly improve the performance of classification functions. This introduction is performed by inserting lexical chains of ontological knowledge based in the training set. The third article describes VENCE , the new machine learning model to extract sentences with the most information content in order to produce summaries. An assessment of the VENCE performance is achieved comparing the results with those produced by current commercial and public software as well as those published in very recent scientific articles. The use of usual metrics recall, precision and F_measure and the ROUGE toolkit showed the superiority of VENCE. This model could benefit other contexts of information extraction as for instance to define models for sentiment analysis.
Mouelhi-Chibani, Wiem. "Apprentissage autonome de réseaux de neurones pour le pilotage en temps réel des systèmes de production basé sur l'optimisation via simulation." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725259.
Full textBelmeskine, Rachid. "NICOLAT : un système iNformatIque COmmunautaire et AdapTatif support d'une Communauté de Pratique pour un apprentissage basé sur la résolution de problèmes." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0030/document.
Full textIn this research work, we focused on design and development of an adaptive and mobile community system, called NICOLAT (iNformatIque COmmunautaire mobiLe et AdapTatif). The latter aims to support a Community of Practice (CoP) in which learning is done through community problem solving by providing solutions that limit the factors that can lead to the demotivation of the CoP members.To experiment and validate the solutions we provide through this system, we target the CoP of teachers users of the MAETIC pedagogical method, who can meet, in classroom, problems in the use of it.Thus, our main contributions are summarized in the following points: 1) Establishment of community kernel of the NICOLAT system. The latter is as a social network supporting the community solving of problems, 2) Implementation of problems resolution layer that aims to help the member solve his problem through the exploitation of the history of problems solved in the past. This is to minimize the number of repetitive help requests. The cycle of the CBR (Case-Based Reasoning) was used to guide this process, 3) Establishment of an interactions adaptation layer to support the members' interactions in the interaction tools they prefer or with which they are most familiar. The purpose of this adaptation is, firstly, to exceed the problems of interaction tools manipulation. On the other hand, to enable access to the system in case of mobility and thereby minimize response time, 4) Establishment of a dynamic approach of selection of members who can contribute positively to solve a problem, to whom bring the help requests. The objective is to enable a member seeking to solve his problem to receive a relevant answer
Génevé, Lionel. "Système de déploiement d'un robot mobile autonome basé sur des balises." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD024/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of a project which aims at developing an autonomous mobile robot able to perform specific tasks in a preset area. To ease the setup of the system, radio-frequency beacons providing range measurements with respect to the robot are set up beforehand on the borders of the robot’s workspace. The system deployment consists in two steps, one for learning the environment, then a second, where the robot executes its tasks autonomously. These two steps require to solve the localization and simultaneous localization and mapping problems for which several solutions are proposed and tested in simulation and on real datasets. Moreover, to ease the setup and improve the system performances, a beacon placement algorithm is presented and tested in simulation in order to validate in particular the improvement of the localization performances
Jiao, Yunlong. "Pronostic moléculaire basé sur l'ordre des gènes et découverte de biomarqueurs guidé par des réseaux pour le cancer du sein." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM027/document.
Full textBreast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and the leading cause of women's death from cancer. Improving cancer prognosis has been one of the problems of primary interest towards better clinical management and treatment decision making for cancer patients. With the rapid advancement of genomic profiling technologies in the past decades, easy availability of a substantial amount of genomic data for medical research has been motivating the currently popular trend of using computational tools, especially machine learning in the era of data science, to discover molecular biomarkers regarding prognosis improvement. This thesis is conceived following two lines of approaches intended to address two major challenges arising in genomic data analysis for breast cancer prognosis from a methodological standpoint of machine learning: rank-based approaches for improved molecular prognosis and network-guided approaches for enhanced biomarker discovery. Furthermore, the methodologies developed and investigated in this thesis, pertaining respectively to learning with rank data and learning on graphs, have a significant contribution to several branches of machine learning, concerning applications across but not limited to cancer biology and social choice theory
Tena-Chollet, Florian. "Elaboration d'un environnement semi-virtuel de formation à la gestion stratégique de crise, basé sur la simulation multi-agents." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00741941.
Full textBrassard, Caroline. "Conception d'un enseignement basé sur le Web en accord avec le modèle en dix dimensions de Reeves et analyse de la dimension apprentissage collaboratif." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0004/MQ43285.pdf.
Full textFarhat, Hadi. "Dispositif de détection et localisation basé sur un système RFID UHF intelligent : application au domaine de la grande distribution." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I025.
Full textUHF RFID technology, also known as RAIN RFID, is a passive technology that enables the automatic identification of items. Thus, it bridges the gap between the physical and digital worlds by allowing an item to become alive on the Internet of things thanks to inexpensive and battery-free RFID tags. Passive UHF RFID technology has witnessed a significant development due to the accelerated growth of sophisticated technological devices. This development is largely driven by the supply chain and the retail industries. Passive UHF RFID Gen2, among other tracing and identification solutions, is the logical choice given the low costs of large-volume tags, ease of printing and being battery-free, the need for maintenance is completely eliminated.The main concern of resellers, the withdrawal of the product, is mainly affected by errors related to visibility (stock gap, theft, loss) and human errors. It is, therefore, necessary to improve visibility and automate the process. Despite its advantages, RFID deployment in supermarkets is still facing many obstacles and challenges. In this thesis, we focus on technological availability by defining and analyzing the different challenges and possibly proposing the appropriate solutions.First, the maximum reading distances of passive tags are evaluated in different environments in order to identify the factors impacting them. At the end of this study, an alternative characterization method is proposed to control tag performance and identify tagged objects with poor performance. Secondly, we will use this method to propose a new solution to improve detection. The algorithms behind this solution allow readers to negotiate their configurations with the environment and with each other. Finally, a new location algorithm is proposed to improve accuracy. This algorithm is based on the exploitation of the answers of the reliable tags of the medium. The proposed solutions are universal, compatible with market readers and add no cost to the hardware used for detection
Bourget, Annick. "De la formation préclinique à la formation clinique : explicitation du développement du raisonnement clinique chez des étudiantes et des étudiants en médecine ayant suivi un programme basé sur l'apprentissage par problèmes." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6383.
Full textSAYED, MOUCHAWEH Moamar. "Conception d'un système de diagnostic adaptatif et prédictif basé sur la méthode Fuzzy Pattern Matching pour la surveillance en ligne des systèmes évolutifs." Phd thesis, Université de Reims - Champagne Ardenne, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002637.
Full text- dans une base de connaissance incomplète, tous les modes de fonctionnement ne sont pas représentés. En conséquence, un module de diagnostic doit être adaptatif afin d'inclure à sa base de connaissance les nouveaux modes dés qu'ils apparaissent,
- lorsque le système évolue vers un mode anormal ou non désiré, il est nécessaire d'anticiper cette évolution plutôt que d'attendre d'arriver à ce mode afin d'éviter ses conséquences surtout s'il est dangereux. Le module de diagnostic doit donc être prédictif,
- dans le cas d'un système évolutif, la base de connaissance doit être enrichie grâce à l'information apportée par les nouvelles observations. Cet enrichissement doit être réalisé en temps réel,
- les données sont à la fois incertaines et imprécises.
L'objectif principal de ma thèse consistait à mettre au point un module de diagnostic en temps réel adaptatif et prédictif pour des systèmes évolutifs, en utilisant les techniques de Reconnaissance des Formes, la théorie des ensembles flous et la théorie des possibilités. Ce module a été appliqué sur plusieurs applications industrielles.
Loeffel, Pierre-Xavier. "Algorithmes de machine learning adaptatifs pour flux de données sujets à des changements de concept." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066496/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigate the problem of supervised classification on a data stream subject to concept drifts. In order to learn in this environment, we claim that a successful learning algorithm must combine several characteristics. It must be able to learn and adapt continuously, it shouldn’t make any assumption on the nature of the concept or the expected type of drifts and it should be allowed to abstain from prediction when necessary. On-line learning algorithms are the obvious choice to handle data streams. Indeed, their update mechanism allows them to continuously update their learned model by always making use of the latest data. The instance based (IB) structure also has some properties which make it extremely well suited to handle the issue of data streams with drifting concepts. Indeed, IB algorithms make very little assumptions about the nature of the concept they are trying to learn. This grants them a great flexibility which make them likely to be able to learn from a wide range of concepts. Another strength is that storing some of the past observations into memory can bring valuable meta-informations which can be used by an algorithm. Furthermore, the IB structure allows the adaptation process to rely on hard evidences of obsolescence and, by doing so, adaptation to concept changes can happen without the need to explicitly detect the drifts. Finally, in this thesis we stress the importance of allowing the learning algorithm to abstain from prediction in this framework. This is because the drifts can generate a lot of uncertainties and at times, an algorithm might lack the necessary information to accurately predict
Ghassemi, Elham. "Modèle computationnel du contrôle auto-adaptatif cérébelleux basé sur la Logique Floue appliqué aux mouvements binoculaires : déficit de la coordination binoculaire de la saccade horizontale chez l’enfant dyslexique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05L001.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the cerebellum. We follow two main lines: in terms of cerebellar functions, we are interested in learning and adaptation motor control ; in terms of cerebellar dysfunctions, we are interested in developmental dyslexia.We focus on learning motor control in order to provide a functional computational model applied to voluntary eye movements. To this end, Fuzzy Logic is one of our valuable tools. We proposed two models. The former is AFCMAC (Auto-adaptive Fuzzy Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller), the result of the integration of Fuzzy Logic in CMAC (Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller) architecture, in order to improve learning speed/time and memory requirements compared to the CMAC. The latter is CMORG (fuzzy logiC based Modeling for Oculomotor contRol LearninG), whose structure is also based on Fuzzy Logic, and in which, the neural network is used as the memory to handle Fuzzy rules. The evaluation results of the proposed (AFCMAC and CMORG) and studied (CMAC and FCMAC – Fuzzy Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller) models via oculomotor data of dyslexic and control groups while reading show that CMORG is the most efficient both in terms of learning speed/time and also memory consumption. Another main advantage of CMORG over the other models is its interpretability by experts. Regarding the developmental dyslexia, we conducted an experimental study on binocular motor control deficits during saccades in six dyslexic children while two different tasks (text reading and character string scanning) and in two viewing distances (40 cm and 100 cm). We corroborate and adhere to the idea that the (bad) quality of binocular coordination of saccades in dyslexic children is independent of reading difficulties, maybe associated with magnosystem and cerebellar deficit hypothesis
Lejeune, Marc. "Etude de la fonction d'explication dans les systèmes à bases de connaissances : application à la conduite de procédés." Nancy 1, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1999_0203_LEJEUNE.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to propose an help manual for developping an explanation function in the context of monitoring systems. The application may be a blast furnace, an electric hoven, power station or a drainage network. In this document, we identified main steps for the development of a explanation system. VVe made generic practical propositions concerning the domain of the explanation system, the acquisition of explanation knowledge, the realisation of the explanation system structured on the main functions of the knowledge based monitoring system, the software architecture modular or based on autonomous agents and the participation of the explanation system for the knowledge management in the compagny. We described a real example realised in the SACHEM project made by SOLLAC in the USINOR group
Krichen, Omar. "Conception d'un système tutoriel intelligent orienté stylet pour l'apprentissage de la géométrie basé sur une interprétation à la volée de la production manuscrite de figures." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ISAR0006.
Full textThis PhD is in the context of the « e-Fran » national project called ACTIF and deals with the design of the pen-based intelligent tutoring system IntuiGeo, for geometry learning in middle school. The contribution of this work are grouped into two axes.The first axis focused on the design of a recognition engine capable of on the fly interpretation of Han-drawn geometrical figures. It is based on a generic grammatical formalism, CD-CMG (Context Driven Constraints Multiset Grammar). The challenge being to manage the complexity of the real-time analysis process, the first contribution of this work consisted in extending the formalism, without losing its generic aspect. The second axis of this work addresses the tutorial aspect of our system.We define au author mode where the tutor is able to generate construction exercises from a solution example drawn by the teacher.The problem specific knowledge is represented by a knowledge graph. This representation enables the tutor to consider all possible resolution strategies, and to evaluate the pupil’s production in real-time. Furthermore, we define an expert module, based on a dynamic planning environment, capable of synthesizing resolution strategies. The tutoring system is able to generate guidance and corrective feedbacks that are adapted to the pupil’s resolution state. The results of our experiment conducted in class demonstrate the positive pedagogical impact of the system on the pupils performance, especially in terms of learning transferability between the digital and traditional support
Sayed-Mouchaweh, Moamar. "Conception d'un système de diagnostic adaptatif et prédictif basé sur la méthode Fuzzy Pattern Matching pour la surveillance en ligne des sytèmes évolutifs : Application à la supervision et au diagnostic d'une ligne de peinture au trempé." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMS018.
Full textGreboval, Marie-Hélène. "La production d'explications, vue comme une tâche de conception : contribution au projet AIDE." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD752.
Full textBenhabiles, Halim. "3D-mesh segmentation : automatic evaluation and a new learning-based method." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834344.
Full textZhao, Zilong. "Extracting knowledge from macroeconomic data, images and unreliable data." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT074.
Full textSystem identification and machine learning are two similar concepts independently used in automatic and computer science community. System identification uses statistical methods to build mathematical models of dynamical systems from measured data. Machine learning algorithms build a mathematical model based on sample data, known as "training data" (clean or not), in order to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed to do so. Except prediction accuracy, converging speed and stability are another two key factors to evaluate the training process, especially in the online learning scenario, and these properties have already been well studied in control theory. Therefore, this thesis will implement the interdisciplinary researches for following topic: 1) System identification and optimal control on macroeconomic data: We first modelize the China macroeconomic data on Vector Auto-Regression (VAR) model, then identify the cointegration relation between variables and use Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to study the short-time fluctuations around the long-term equilibrium, Granger Causality is also studied with VECM. This work reveals the trend of China's economic growth transition: from export-oriented to consumption-oriented; Due to limitation of China economic data, we turn to use France macroeconomic data in the second study. We represent the model in state-space, put the model into a feedback control framework, the controller is designed by Linear-Quadratic Regulator (LQR). The system can apply the control law to bring the system to a desired state. We can also impose perturbations on outputs and constraints on inputs, which emulates the real-world situation of economic crisis. Economists can observe the recovery trajectory of economy, which gives meaningful implications for policy-making. 2) Using control theory to improve the online learning of deep neural network: We propose a performance-based learning rate algorithm: E (Exponential)/PD (Proportional Derivative) feedback control, which consider the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as plant, learning rate as control signal and loss value as error signal. Results show that E/PD outperforms the state-of-the-art in final accuracy, final loss and converging speed, and the result are also more stable. However, one observation from E/PD experiments is that learning rate decreases while loss continuously decreases. But loss decreases mean model approaches optimum, we should not decrease the learning rate. To prevent this, we propose an event-based E/PD. Results show that it improves E/PD in final accuracy, final loss and converging speed; Another observation from E/PD experiment is that online learning fixes a constant training epoch for each batch. Since E/PD converges fast, the significant improvement only comes from the beginning epochs. Therefore, we propose another event-based E/PD, which inspects the historical loss, when the progress of training is lower than a certain threshold, we turn to next batch. Results show that it can save up to 67% epochs on CIFAR-10 dataset without degrading much performance. 3) Machine learning out of unreliable data: We propose a generic framework: Robust Anomaly Detector (RAD), The data selection part of RAD is a two-layer framework, where the first layer is used to filter out the suspicious data, and the second layer detects the anomaly patterns from the remaining data. We also derive three variations of RAD namely, voting, active learning and slim, which use additional information, e.g., opinions of conflicting classifiers and queries of oracles. We iteratively update the historical selected data to improve accumulated data quality. Results show that RAD can continuously improve model's performance under the presence of noise on labels. Three variations of RAD show they can all improve the original setting, and the RAD Active Learning performs almost as good as the case where there is no noise on labels
Kassab, Randa. "Analyse des propriétés stationnaires et des propriétés émergentes dans les flux d'information changeant au cours du temps." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10027/document.
Full textMany applications produce and receive continuous, unlimited, and high-speed data streams. This raises obvious problems of storage, treatment and analysis of data, which are only just beginning to be treated in the domain of data streams. On the one hand, it is a question of treating data streams on the fly without having to memorize all the data. On the other hand, it is also a question of analyzing, in a simultaneous and concurrent manner, the regularities inherent in the data stream as well as the novelties, exceptions, or changes occurring in this stream over time. The main contribution of this thesis concerns the development of a new machine learning approach - called ILoNDF - which is based on novelty detection principle. The learning of this model is, contrary to that of its former self, driven not only by the novelty part in the input data but also by the data itself. Thereby, ILoNDF can continuously extract new knowledge relating to the relative frequencies of the data and their variables. This makes it more robust against noise. Being operated in an on-line mode without repeated training, ILoNDF can further address the primary challenges for managing data streams. Firstly, we focus on the study of ILoNDF's behavior for one-class classification when dealing with high-dimensional noisy data. This study enabled us to highlight the pure learning capacities of ILoNDF with respect to the key classification methods suggested until now. Next, we are particularly involved in the adaptation of ILoNDF to the specific context of information filtering. Our goal is to set up user-oriented filtering strategies rather than system-oriented in following two types of directions. The first direction concerns user modeling relying on the model ILoNDF. This provides a new way of looking at user's need in terms of specificity, exhaustivity and contradictory profile-contributing criteria. These criteria go on to estimate the relative importance the user might attach to precision and recall. The filtering threshold can then be adjusted taking into account this knowledge about user's need. The second direction, complementary to the first one, concerns the refinement of ILoNDF's functionality in order to confer it the capacity of tracking drifting user's need over time. Finally, we consider the generalization of our previous work to the case where streaming data can be divided into multiple classes
Kassab, Randa. "Analyse des propriétés stationnaires et des propriétés émergentes dans les flux d'informations changeant au cours du temps." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00402644.
Full textL'apport de ce travail de thèse réside principalement dans le développement d'un modèle d'apprentissage - nommé ILoNDF - fondé sur le principe de la détection de nouveauté. L'apprentissage de ce modèle est, contrairement à sa version de départ, guidé non seulement par la nouveauté qu'apporte une donnée d'entrée mais également par la donnée elle-même. De ce fait, le modèle ILoNDF peut acquérir constamment de nouvelles connaissances relatives aux fréquences d'occurrence des données et de leurs variables, ce qui le rend moins sensible au bruit. De plus, doté d'un fonctionnement en ligne sans répétition d'apprentissage, ce modèle répond aux exigences les plus fortes liées au traitement des flux de données.
Dans un premier temps, notre travail se focalise sur l'étude du comportement du modèle ILoNDF dans le cadre général de la classification à partir d'une seule classe en partant de l'exploitation des données fortement multidimensionnelles et bruitées. Ce type d'étude nous a permis de mettre en évidence les capacités d'apprentissage pures du modèle ILoNDF vis-à-vis de l'ensemble des méthodes proposées jusqu'à présent. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement à l'adaptation fine du modèle au cadre précis du filtrage d'informations. Notre objectif est de mettre en place une stratégie de filtrage orientée-utilisateur plutôt qu'orientée-système, et ceci notamment en suivant deux types de directions. La première direction concerne la modélisation utilisateur à l'aide du modèle ILoNDF. Cette modélisation fournit une nouvelle manière de regarder le profil utilisateur en termes de critères de spécificité, d'exhaustivité et de contradiction. Ceci permet, entre autres, d'optimiser le seuil de filtrage en tenant compte de l'importance que pourrait donner l'utilisateur à la précision et au rappel. La seconde direction, complémentaire de la première, concerne le raffinement des fonctionnalités du modèle ILoNDF en le dotant d'une capacité à s'adapter à la dérive du besoin de l'utilisateur au cours du temps. Enfin, nous nous attachons à la généralisation de notre travail antérieur au cas où les données arrivant en flux peuvent être réparties en classes multiples.
Krol, Pawel. "La signification de l'apprentissage du caring pour des étudiantes dans un baccalauréat en sciences infirmières basé sur la formation par compétences." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17945.
Full textZiri, Oussama. "Classification de courriels au moyen de diverses méthodes d'apprentissage et conception d'un outil de préparation des données textuelles basé sur la programmation modulaire : PDTPM." Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5679/1/M12851.pdf.
Full textRibeiro, Vinícius Tolentino. "Analyzing the potential of composite challenges in movement interaction to support children with attention-deficit, hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) : a case study in Morelia, Mexico." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14001.
Full textEste estudo explorou o potencial de desafios que contem aspectos cognitivos e físicos, através da comparação de versões de um de um protótipo de um jogo sério, com diferentes níveis desses aspectos, para promover estados de fluxo para apoiar programas educacionais para crianças com transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade (TDAH). O estudo compreendeu a adaptação do protótipo, assim como uma investigação empírica que avaliou o potencial dos desafios cognitivo-físicos. A adaptação do protótipo foi uma atividade de desenvolvimento de software que consistiu na realização de um desenvolvimento incremental sobre um existente sistema baseado no Kinect. A investigação empírica foi realizada como um estudo de caso em duas escolas do ensino fundamental em Morelia, México, e envolveu uma amostra de 25 crianças em idade escolar, de 6 a 11 anos e com sintomas de TDAH. A investigação empírica envolveu duas fases: um Teste Piloto, para refinar o protótipo e validar os instrumentos de investigação, e uma Avaliação da Experiência do Usuário, para comparar os desafios cognitivo-físicos em função do seu grau de equilíbrio. Os resultados do estudo sugerem que o nível de conhecimento e habilidades em videogames influem na forma como as crianças percebem suas próprias habilidades e frustrações. A experiência de fluxo foi determinada por diferenças individuais na preferência por situações; a maioria das crianças teve problemas com lateralidade, assim como de coordenação motora, o que influenciou negativamente sobre os desafios cognitivos do jogo. Além disso, as atividades equilibradas pareceram ser mais propensas a promover fluxo. No entanto, a noção de equilíbrio não é absoluta, mas depende das características e capacidades de cada pessoa: alguém poderia perceber uma atividade como equilibrada enquanto que outra pessoa poderia perceber a mesma atividade como desequilibrada.
Este estudio ha explorado el potencial de retos que contienen aspectos cognitivos y físicos, mediante la comparación de versiones de un prototipo de juego serio con diferentes proporciones de estos aspectos, para promover estados de flujo para apoyar programas educativos para niños con trastorno por déficit de atención por hiperactividad (TDAH). El estudio comprendió la adaptación del prototipo, así como una investigación empírica que evalúo el potencial de los retos cognitivo-físicos. La adaptación del prototipo fue una tarea de desarrollo de software que consistió en la realización de un desarrollo incremental sobre un existente sistema basado en el Kinect. La investigación empírica se realizó como un estudio de caso en dos escuelas primarias en Morelia, México, e involucró a una muestra de 25 niños en edad escolar, de 6 a 11 años y con síntomas de TDAH. La investigación empírica constó de dos fases: una Prueba Piloto, para refinar el prototipo y validar los instrumentos de investigación, y una Evaluación de la Experiencia de Usuario, para comparar los retos cognitivo-físicos en función de su grado de equilibrio. Los resultados del estudio sugieren que el nivel de conocimientos y habilidades en los videos juegos influyen en la forma en que los niños perciben sus propias capacidades y frustraciones. La experiencia de flujo fue determinada por las diferencias individuales en la preferencia por situaciones; la mayoría de los niños tenían problemas de lateralidad, así como de coordinación motora, los cuales tuvieran una influencia negativa sobre los retos cognitivos del juego. Además, las actividades equilibradas parecieran más propensas a promover el flujo. Sin embargo, la noción de equilibrio no es absoluta, sino que depende de las características y capacidades de cada persona: alguien podría percibir una actividad como equilibrada mientras que alguien más podría percibir la misma actividad como desequilibrada.
Cette étude a exploré le potentiel de défis comprenant les aspects cognitifs et physiques, en comparant les versions d'un prototype de jeu sérieux avec différents degrés de ces aspects, afin de favoriser les états de l'attention renforcée pour soutenir les programmes éducatifs destinés aux enfants atteints d'un trouble du déficit de l’attention avec hyperactivité (TDAH). L'étude a compris l'adaptation du prototype ainsi que d'une recherche empirique qui a évalué le potentiel de difficultés cognitives et physiques. L'adaptation du prototype a été une tâche de développement de logiciels pour effectuer un développement incrémental sur un système existante basé sur Kinect. La recherche empirique a été réalisée comme une étude de cas, ayant eu lieu dans deux écoles primaires à Morelia, au Mexique, et a été faite auprès d’un échantillon de 25 enfants d'âge scolaire, de 6 à 11 ans et présentant des symptômes de TDAH. La recherche empirique comprenait deux phases : en premier temps un Essai Pilote, pour affiner le prototype et pour valider les instruments de recherche, en deuxième temps une Évaluation de l’Expérience de l’Utilisateur, pour comparer les défis cognitives et physiques en fonction de leur degré d'équilibre. Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que le niveau de connaissances et de compétences dans les jeux vidéo influencent la façon dont les enfants percevaient leurs propres capacités et leurs frustrations. L’expérience de flux a été déterminée par les différences individuelles dans la préférence pour les situations. La plupart des enfants ont eu des problèmes avec la latéralité, ainsi qu’une coordination motrice ayant une influence négative sur les défis cognitifs du jeu. De plus, les activités équilibrées semblaient être plus susceptibles de favoriser le flux. Cependant, la notion d'équilibre n'est pas absolue, car elle dépend des caractéristiques et des capacités des individus : certains pourraient percevoir une activité équilibrée, alors que d'autres pourraient percevoir la même activité comme déséquilibrée.
Tessier, Virginie. "Étude exploratoire sur le travail en équipe d’étudiants dans l’atelier de design : vers un modèle d’évaluation pour l’apprentissage basé sur la théorie de l’activité et l’apprentissage expansif." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25512.
Full textThis thesis proposes an exploratory study on teamwork practices of design students in the context of project-based learning (in the domains of product and service design, interior design, urbanism, etc.). This study aims to develop a model of assessment for learning teamwork. For the past few decades, teamwork has been integrated within most design curricula. These social learning experiences place students in authentic situations, but recurring challenges keep emerging regarding their educational integration. We aim to enhance our understanding of assessment, which has a crucial influence on learning experiences. Based on a literature review on teamwork dynamics, the research is structured in two stages. Firstly, the research focuses on better understanding team learning experiences. Secondly, we seek to identify guidelines to enhance assessment for learning teamwork during design projects. Our research objectives are developed into the following questions: How do students experience their learning process when they work as a team while designing? And how to support the development of teamwork skills? Assessment for learning will guide us in considering assessment as a key aspect to engage learners in judging their performance. Assessment for learning values social externalization over internalization through the zones of development. This position guides toward a theoretical framework based on the activity theory and the theory of expansive learning. The combination of these frameworks offers a strong theoretical structure based on collectivity, mediation, and orientation toward an expansive object. Expansive learning sees learning as moving from an abstract understanding to concrete actions to improve the system’s initial state. The adoption of an interventionist approach, as proposed by activity theory, will redefine the researcher’s role to encourage participants to take action. The methodological strategy is organized around the team projects of 22 students from the Faculty of environmental design of University of Montreal (Canada). The data was collected from multiple case studies over few weeks of teamwork. It was gathered through weekly questionnaires and interviews. Using these complementary qualitative tools, participants shared their experiences by discussing their processes. A multiphase strategy allowed for simultaneous data collection and analysis. The first stage of analysis uncovers the characteristics of the learners’ lived teamwork experiences. In total, 33 characteristics and their respective factors were organized into the 5 categories of our model entitled: “zone of proximal development for teamwork skills”, structured according to training levels. The second part of the analysis concentrates on the theoretical validation of the model by enriching the model with the components to instruct and to assess (according to the stage of the object, types of knowledge, task qualities, learners’ capacities, and types of regulation). Finally, these guidelines are tested in regard to expansive learning by looking closely at the challenges and tensions experienced by the participants to translate each participant’s cognitive journey. This study seeks to contribute to the proposition of a coherent pedagogical framework in accordance with training levels and the basics of the discipline. Our model offers a pedagogical structure that is constructive and dynamic as it brings new knowledge to the student while being guided by an expansive structure towards collaborative design. The proposed framework is built on the reflective journey of students on themselves and others, solicited for greater autonomy. The contributions of this study are pertinent for design students, practitioners, and teachers. They seek an enhanced coherence with the discipline supported by an active perspective for better preparation of students to their future professional work environment.
Khalil, Zinat. "Apprentissage des langues : comportements spécifiques vis-à-vis du numérique." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12613.
Full textThis research, which adopts a descriptive method is based on a study in which data is obtained both via the questionnaire, video captured semi-structured sessions and interviews with 7 voluntary learners B1+ FLE the French Language Centre Foreign (CFLE) at the University of Poitiers and 2 teachers providing the courses of oral comprehension and expression in target audience. This project aims to study the specific behavior vis-à-vis digital learning. The observation of this behavior is based on the use made of the digital tools, on the field and on the modality of this practice in the field of everyday life on the one hand, and on the other, that in the process of teaching-learning of the FLE in institutional use for both individual work and group work. The declarative results reveal, digital personal use is more diverse and more frequent than the institutional use of digital technology in personal and collaborative work in the process of teaching-learning despite strong digital potentiality which enjoys the University of Poitiers as (the setting of the provision of the platform and access to the Internet). In fact, many variables and factors are playing, first of all, the learner types (learner client) and their learning objective as learners (get certification) is one of the elements that influence the teaching-learning process, firstly, and secondly, which makes the teacher be protective of its role as transmitter of knowledge. In addition, the role of paper media still takes a large space in the process, while the CFLE the platform is still used as a device enriched with what is studied in class and not as a device invested in interactive and collaborative work active learning task-based learning scenarios and joining the working face and distance. In addition, the role of paper media still takes a large space in the process, while the CFLE the platform is still used as a device enriched with what is studied in class and not as a device invested in interactive and collaborative work active learning task-based learning scenarios and joining the working face and distance.
Esta pesquisa adotou um método descritivo e baseou-se na análise de dados obtidos por meio de questionário e entrevistas semi-estruturadas gravadas no formato de video. Participaram 7 alunos voluntários, todos com nível B1+ no grau de conhecimento da língua francesa, matriculados no Centre Français Langue Etrangère (CFLE) na Universidade de Poitiers. Participaram também 2 professores que dão aulas de francês, nas áreas de compreensão e expressão oral, para esse mesmo nível. Este projeto teve como objetivo analisar a relação dos estudantes com os recursos digitais fora e dentro do contexto acadêmico. Para isso, os estudantes foram observados e analisados a partir do uso que dão às ferramentas digitais no seu cotidiano e no contexto de ensino-aprendizagem da língua francesa, seja para realização de trabalhos individuais ou em grupo. Os resultados encontrados nas entrevistas mostraram que o uso pessoal dessas ferramentas é mais diversificado e mais frequente do que o seu uso institucional, apesar das facilidades oferecidas pela universidade (o acesso à internet e à plataforma). Diferente variáveis e fatores podem justificar esses resultados. Em primeiro lugar, os tipos de aprendizes (aluno-cliente) e seus objetivos de aprendizagem, como por exemplo, (obter a certificação), um exame qualificativo. Por outro lado, a própria postura do professor, que, ao tentar proteger seu papel de transmissor do conhecimento, tem dificuldade de usar as novas tecnologias digitais. Finalmente, se o trabalho educativo está focado apenas num objetivo específico (realização do exame), então esse será o eixo sustentador do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, não havendo ênfase no uso dessas tecnologias. Some-se a isso o fato de o ensino, no CFLE, apoia-se de forma significativa, em materiais impressos, deixando a plataforma como uma armazenadora desse material e não como um dispositivo interativo de trabalho, podendo ser ele mesmo a base de cenários pedagógicos que organizam tarefas coletivas e colaborativas, unificando o trabalho presencial e a distância.
Esta investigación, que adopta un método descriptivo se basa en un estudio en el que se obtienen los datos tanto a través de los cuestionarios, sesiones semi-estructuradas de captura de vídeo y de entrevistas con 7 estudiantes voluntarios de nivel B1+ FLE del Centro de Francés Lengua extranjera (CFLE) en la Universidad de Poitiers y de 2 profesores que ofrecen los cursos de comprensión y expresión oral en destinatarios. Este proyecto tiene como objetivo estudiar el comportamiento específico vis-à-vis los aprendizajes digitales. La observación de este comportamiento se basa en la utilización de los medios digitales, en el campo y en la modalidad de esta práctica en el campo de la vida cotidiana, por un lado, y en segundo lugar, en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del FLE en un uso institucional tanto para el trabajo individual y como para el trabajo en grupo. Los resultados de tipo declarativo revelan que el uso personal digital es más diverso y más frecuente que el uso institucional digital en el trabajo personal y en el trabajo colaborativo en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje a pesar de la fuerte potencialidad digital de la que disfruta la Universidad de Poitiers (la existencia de la plataforma y el acceso a Internet). De hecho, muchas variables y factores intervienen, en primer lugar, el tipo de los alumnos (alumno-cliente) y su objetivo de aprendizaje (obtener certificación) son uno de los elementos que influyen en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, por una parte, y por otra, lo que hace que el profesor sea el protector de su papel de transmisor du saber. A continuación, la labor educativa en este caso se centra en este objetivo constituyendo el eje en torno al cual gira el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Además, el papel lleva aún un gran espacio en el proceso, mientras que la plataforma CFLE todavía se utiliza como un dispositivo enriquecido de lo que se estudia en clase y no como un dispositivo invertido en el trabajo interactivo y de colaboración del aprendizaje activo escenarios de aprendizaje basados en tareas y que unen el trabajo presencial y a distancia.
Tremblay, Marie-Claude. "Évaluation d’un programme de développement professionnel en santé publique : le laboratoire de promotion de la santé." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10759.
Full textThe emergence of the health promotion discourse a few decades ago steered public health practice into a new direction, orienting it toward community-based, participatory, and intersectoral action. Meanwhile, in Quebec, the 2004 healthcare system reform restructured the local level through the creation of health and social services centres. The mandate of these new organizations is to integrate the public health and the healthcare sector across a continuum of services ranging from health promotion all the way to palliative care.All these changes have significant implications for healthcare and public health practitioners, who must come to terms with new professional roles and new intervention strategies. Professional development is considered to be a potential lever for action to support these changes. In 2009, a team from the Public Health Directorate of the Health and Social Services Agency of Montreal designed a professional development program called the Health Promotion Laboratory. This program builds on a team learning approach to enable participants to develop new competencies, a reflexive practice, and new health promotion practices within the organization. Based on a qualitative methodology and a collaborative evaluation approach, this doctoral thesis used several investigation strategies to evaluate three components of the Health Promotion Laboratory, i.e., the program’s conceptualization, implementation, and outcomes. More specifically, this thesis aims to: (1) examine the plausibility of the program’s intervention theory; (2) describe and understand the team learning processes involved in the program, as well as the factors influencing them; and (3) explore, from the participants’ perspective, the reflexivity outcomes of the program. In pursuing these objectives, this thesis adopts several theoretical perspectives related to adult learning, team learning, and organizational learning. The results show that: (1) while there is room for improvement, the program’s model is generally well designed to achieve the intended outcomes; (2) the model’s implementation in two sites resulted in different team learning processes, both of which depended on common factors related to the participants, the team, the organizational context, and the implementation of the program itself; and (3) as intended, participants from both sites developed reflexivity with regard to their practice and their professional roles, with this reflexivity taking on a formative and a critical function in terms of their professional experience. These results highlight the potential offered by the evaluation of a program’s intervention theory for improving the conceptualization of a professional development program. They also demonstrate the importance and relevance of assessing the learning process at a group level in the context of a collective professional development approach. Finally, the findings support the importance of reflexive learning for improving professional practice and fostering the social engagement of practitioners. Thus, they suggest different avenues having the potential to strengthen the capacities of the public health workforce and thereby to increase its effectiveness in improving the health of communities in the coming century.
Baki, Islem. "Une approche heuristique pour l’apprentissage de transformations de modèles complexes à partir d’exemples." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11699.
Full textModel-driven engineering (MDE) is a well-established software engineering paradigm that promotes models as main artifacts in software development and maintenance activities. As several models may be manipulated during the software life-cycle, model transformations (MT) ensure their coherence by automating model generation and update tasks when possible. However, writing model transformations remains a difficult task that requires much knowledge and effort that detract from the benefits brought by the MDE paradigm. To address this issue, much research effort has been directed toward MT automation. Model Transformation by Example (MTBE) is, in this regard, a promising approach. MTBE aims to learn transformation programs starting from a set of source and target model pairs supplied as examples. In this work, we propose a process to learn model transformations from examples. Our process aims to learn complex MT by tackling three observed requirements, namely, context exploration of the source model, source attribute value testing, and complex target attribute derivation. We experimentally evaluate our approach on seven model transformation problems. The learned transformation programs are able to produce perfect target models in three transformation cases, whereas, precision and recall higher than 90% are recorded for the four remaining ones.