Academic literature on the topic 'Apprentissage auto-supervisé (intelligence artificielle)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Apprentissage auto-supervisé (intelligence artificielle)":
Niquil, Yves. "Acquisition d'exemples en discrimination : spécification des exemples par génération de scenarios." Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090063.
Sarazin, Tugdual. "Apprentissage massivement distribué dans un environnement Big Data." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD050.
In recent years, the amount of data analysed by companies and research laboratories increased strongly, opening the era of BigData. However, these raw data are frequently non-categorized and uneasy to use. This thesis aims to improve and ease the pre-treatment and comprehension of these big amount of data by using unsupervised machine learning algorithms.The first part of this thesis is dedicated to a state-of-the-art of clustering and biclustering algorithms and to an introduction to big data technologies. The first part introduces the conception of clustering Self-Organizing Map algorithm [Kohonen,2001] in big data environment. Our algorithm (SOM-MR) provides the same advantages as the original algorithm, namely the creation of data visualisation map based on data clusters. Moreover, it uses the Spark platform that makes it able to treat a big amount of data in a short time. Thanks to the popularity of this platform, it easily fits in many data mining environments. This is what we demonstrated it in our project \Square Predict" carried out in partnership with Axa insurance. The aim of this project was to provide a real-time data analysing platform in order to estimate the severity of natural disasters or improve residential risks knowledge. Throughout this project, we proved the efficiency of our algorithm through its capacity to analyse and create visualisation out of a big volume of data coming from social networks and open data.The second part of this work is dedicated to a new bi-clustering algorithm. BiClustering consists in making a cluster of observations and variables at the same time. In this contribution we put forward a new approach of bi-clustering based on the self-organizing maps algorithm that can scale on big amounts of data (BiTM-MR). To reach this goal, this algorithm is also based on a the Spark platform. It brings out more information than the SOM-MR algorithm because besides producing observation groups, it also associates variables to these groups,thus creating bi-clusters of variables and observations
Fakeri, Tabrizi Ali. "Semi-supervised multi-view learning : an application to image annotation and multi-lingual document classification." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066336.
In this thesis, we introduce two multiview learning approaches. In a first approach, we describe a self-training multiview strategy which trains different voting classifiers on different views. The margin distributions over the unlabeled training data, obtained with each view-specific classifier are then used to estimate an upper-bound on their transductive Bayes error. Minimizing this upper-bound provides an automatic margin-threshold which is used to assign pseudo-labels to unlabeled examples. Final class labels are then assigned to these examples, by taking a vote on the pool of the previous pseudo-labels. New view-specific classifiers are then trained using the original labeled and the pseudo-labeled training data. We consider applications to image-text and to multilingual document classification. In second approach, we propose a multiview semi-supervised bipartite ranking model which allows us to leverage the information contained in unlabeled sets of images to improve the prediction performance, using multiple descriptions, or views of images. For each topic class, our approach first learns as many view-specific rankers as there are available views using the labeled data only. These rankers are then improved iteratively by adding pseudo-labeled pairs of examples on which all view-specific rankers agree over the ranking of examples within these pairs
Augier, Sébastien. "Apprentissage Supervisé Relationnel par Algorithmes d'Évolution." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947322.
Baillard, Anthony. "Détermination automatique des paramètres morphologiques des galaxies." Paris, ENST, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENST0070.
Images data is key to modern astrophysics, especially while trying to define galaxies. Galaxy morphological classification is an enthralling but difficult task. This is particularly true while dealing with distant galaxies convolved by a point-spread function and suffering from a poor signal-to-noise ratio. This thesis proposes an automatic system to classify images of galaxies with varying resolution. Being at the intersection of three disciplines: astronomy (properties of galaxies), signal processing (image analysis), and artificial intelligence (supervised learning), the work has been realized as part of the project EFIGI (http://www. Efigi. Org), a collaboration of French research laboratories (IAP, LTCI, LRDE, LAM, OMP and CRAL). The first two chapters, dedicated to astronomy, show how a robust set of morphological data was put together. Chapters three to five, on computer science, clarify the acquisition and usage of the input data for the classifiers. Chapter 1 introduces extragalactic astronomy and galactic morphology. Chapter 2 describes the catalogue of galaxies called CFIGI, which contains detailed morphological information. CFIGI is the result of fruitful work collaboration with seven astronomers. Chapter 3 introduces the tool NFIGI, which was written to clean images of galaxies from contaminating sources (like stars). Chapter 4 proposes a technique of dimensional reduction using SExFIGI, a software to decompose images of galaxies on a basis of concentric “rings”. Chapter 5 concludes with the supervised systems that automatically determine a set of morphological parameters (bulge/total ratio, arm curvature, bar strength, and others)
Bilodeau, Anthony. "Apprentissage faiblement supervisé appliqué à la segmentation d'images de protéines neuronales." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/39752.
Thèse ou mémoire avec insertion d'articles
Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2020-2021
En biologie cellulaire, la microscopie optique est couramment utilisée pour visualiser et caractériser la présence et la morphologie des structures biologiques. Suite à l’acquisition, un expert devra effectuer l’annotation des structures pour quantification. Cette tâche est ardue, requiert de nombreuses heures de travail, parfois répétitif, qui peut résulter en erreurs d’annotations causées par la fatigue d’étiquetage. L’apprentissage machine promet l’automatisation de tâches complexes à partir d’un grand lot de données exemples annotés. Mon projet de maîtrise propose d’utiliser des techniques faiblement supervisées, où les annotations requises pour l’entraînement sont réduites et/ou moins précises, pour la segmentation de structures neuronales. J’ai d’abord testé l’utilisation de polygones délimitant la structure d’intérêt pour la tâche complexe de segmentation de la protéine neuronale F-actine dans des images de microscopie à super-résolution. La complexité de la tâche est supportée par la morphologie hétérogène des neurones, le nombre élevé d’instances à segmenter dans une image et la présence de nombreux distracteurs. Malgré ces difficultés, l’utilisation d’annotations faibles a permis de quantifier un changement novateur de la conformation de la protéine F-actine en fonction de l’activité neuronale. J’ai simplifié davantage la tâche d’annotation en requérant seulement des étiquettes binaires renseignant sur la présence des structures dans l’image réduisant d’un facteur 30 le temps d’annotation. De cette façon, l’algorithme est entraîné à prédire le contenu d’une image et extrait ensuite les caractéristiques sémantiques importantes pour la reconnaissance de la structure d’intérêt à l’aide de mécanismes d’attention. La précision de segmentation obtenue sur les images de F-actine est supérieure à celle des annotations polygonales et équivalente à celle des annotations précises d’un expert. Cette nouvelle approche devrait faciliter la quantification des changements dynamiques qui se produisent sous le microscope dans des cellules vivantes et réduire les erreurs causées par l’inattention ou le biais de sélection des régions d’intérêt dans les images de microscopie.
In cell biology, optical microscopy is commonly used to visualize and characterize the presenceand morphology of biological structures. Following the acquisition, an expert will have toannotate the structures for quantification. This is a difficult task, requiring many hours ofwork, sometimes repetitive, which can result in annotation errors caused by labelling fatigue.Machine learning promises to automate complex tasks from a large set of annotated sampledata. My master’s project consists of using weakly supervised techniques, where the anno-tations required for training are reduced and/or less precise, for the segmentation of neuralstructures.I first tested the use of polygons delimiting the structure of interest for the complex taskof segmentation of the neuronal protein F-actin in super-resolution microscopy images. Thecomplexity of the task is supported by the heterogeneous morphology of neurons, the highnumber of instances to segment in an image and the presence of many distractors. Despitethese difficulties, the use of weak annotations has made it possible to quantify an innovativechange in the conformation of the F-actin protein as a function of neuronal activity. I furthersimplified the annotation task by requiring only binary labels that indicate the presence ofstructures in the image, reducing annotation time by a factor of 30. In this way, the algorithmis trained to predict the content of an image and then extract the semantic characteristicsimportant for recognizing the structure of interest using attention mechanisms. The segmen-tation accuracy obtained on F-actin images is higher than that of polygonal annotations andequivalent to that of an expert’s precise annotations. This new approach should facilitate thequantification of dynamic changes that occur under the microscope in living cells and reduceerrors caused by inattention or bias in the selection of regions of interest in microscopy images.
Laumônier, Julien. "Méthodes d'apprentissage de la coordination multiagent : application au transport intelligent." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20000.
Siblini, Wissam. "Apprentissage multi label extrême : comparaisons d'approches et nouvelles propositions." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4083/document.
Stimulated by many applications such as documents or images annotation, multilabel learning have gained a strong interest during the last decade. But, standard algorithms cannot cope with the volumes of the recent extreme multi-label data (XML) where the number of labels can reach millions. This thesis explores three directions to address the complexity in time and memory of the problem: multi-label dimension reduction, optimization and implementation tricks, and tree-based methods. It proposes to unify the reduction approaches through a typology and two generic formulations and to identify the most efficient ones with an original meta-analysis of the results of the literature. A new approach is developed to analyze the interest of coupling the reduction problem and the classification problem. To reduce the memory complexity of a classical one-vs-rest regression model while maintaining its predictive performances, we also propose an algorithm for estimating the largest useful parameters that follows a strategy inspired by data stream analysis. Finally, we present a new algorithm called CRAFTML that learns an ensemble of diversified decision trees. Each tree performs a joint random reduction of the feature and the label spaces and implements a very fast recursive partitioning strategy. CRAFTML performs better than other XML tree-based methods and is competitive with the most accurate methods that require supercomputers. The contributions of the thesis are completed by the presentation of a software called VIPE that is developed with Orange Labs for multilabel opinion analysis
Chareyre, Maxime. "Apprentissage non-supervisé pour la découverte de propriétés d'objets par découplage entre interaction et interprétation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0122.
Robots are increasingly used to achieve tasks in controlled environments. However, their use in open environments is still fraught with difficulties. Robotic agents are likely to encounter objects whose behaviour and function they are unaware of. In some cases, it must interact with these elements to carry out its mission by collecting or moving them, but without knowledge of their dynamic properties it is not possible to implement an effective strategy for resolving the mission.In this thesis, we present a method for teaching an autonomous robot a physical interaction strategy with unknown objects, without any a priori knowledge, the aim being to extract information about as many of the object's physical properties as possible from the interactions observed by its sensors. Existing methods for characterising objects through physical interactions do not fully satisfy these criteria. Indeed, the interactions established only provide an implicit representation of the object's dynamics, requiring supervision to identify their properties. Furthermore, the proposed solution is based on unrealistic scenarios without an agent. Our approach differs from the state of the art by proposing a generic method for learning interaction that is independent of the object and its properties, and can therefore be decoupled from the prediction phase. In particular, this leads to a completely unsupervised global pipeline.In the first phase, we propose to learn an interaction strategy with the object via an unsupervised reinforcement learning method, using an intrinsic motivation signal based on the idea of maximising variations in a state vector of the object. The aim is to obtain a set of interactions containing information that is highly correlated with the object's physical properties. This method has been tested on a simulated robot interacting by pushing and has enabled properties such as the object's mass, shape and friction to be accurately identified.In a second phase, we make the assumption that the true physical properties define a latent space that explains the object's behaviours and that this space can be identified from observations collected through the agent's interactions. We set up a self-supervised prediction task in which we adapt a state-of-the-art architecture to create this latent space. Our simulations confirm that combining the behavioural model with this architecture leads to the emergence of a representation of the object's properties whose principal components are shown to be strongly correlated with the object's physical properties.Once the properties of the objects have been extracted, the agent can use them to improve its efficiency in tasks involving these objects. We conclude this study by highlighting the performance gains achieved by the agent through training via reinforcement learning on a simplified object repositioning task where the properties are perfectly known.All the work carried out in simulation confirms the effectiveness of an innovative method aimed at autonomously discovering the physical properties of an object through the physical interactions of a robot. The prospects for extending this work involve transferring it to a real robot in a cluttered environment
Yin, Hao. "Étude des réseaux de neurones en mode non supervisé : application à la reconnaissance des formes." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD524.
Books on the topic "Apprentissage auto-supervisé (intelligence artificielle)":
Kolosova, Tanya, and Samuel Berestizhevsky. Supervised Machine Learning: Optimization Framework and Applications with SAS and R. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Kolosova, Tanya, and Samuel Berestizhevsky. Supervised Machine Learning: Optimization Framework and Applications with SAS and R. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Kolosova, Tanya, and Samuel Berestizhevsky. Supervised Machine Learning: Optimization Framework and Applications with SAS and R. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Kolosova, Tanya, and Samuel Berestizhevsky. Supervised Machine Learning: Optimization Framework and Applications with SAS and R. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Kolosova, Tanya, and Samuel Berestizhevsky. Supervised Machine Learning: Optimization Framework and Applications with SAS and R. CRC Press LLC, 2022.