Academic literature on the topic 'Apprentissage à partir de démonstrations'
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Journal articles on the topic "Apprentissage à partir de démonstrations"
Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot, Hava. "Meillet, les juifs et la Bible." Langages N° 233, no. 1 (March 6, 2024): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lang.233.0079.
Full textBamba, Aboubacar, and Saddo Ag Almouloud. "Démonstration par l’absurde: une épine dans l´enseignement et l´apprentissage des mathématiques - une étude de cas au Mali." Revista Eletrônica de Educação Matemática 16 (March 9, 2021): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1981-1322.2021.e78939.
Full textHaddad, Maroua, Philippe Leray, and Nahla Ben Amor. "Apprentissage des réseaux possibilistes à partir de données." Revue d'intelligence artificielle 29, no. 2 (April 28, 2015): 229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/ria.29.229-252.
Full textDzogang, Fabon, Marie-Jeanne Lesot, and Maria Rifqi. "Apprentissage de concepts émotionnels à partir de descripteurs bas niveau." Revue d'intelligence artificielle 28, no. 1 (February 2014): 131–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/ria.28.131-157.
Full textDubé, Raymonde, Gabriel Goyette, Monique Lebrun, and Marie-Thérèse Vachon. "Image mentale et apprentissage de l’orthographe lexicale." Articles 17, no. 2 (November 16, 2009): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/900695ar.
Full textSampson, H. Grant. "The Physico-Theological Epic in the Later Eighteenth Century." Man and Nature 2 (August 20, 2012): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1011811ar.
Full textClémence, Alain, Jean-Claude Deschamps, and Patricia Roux. "La perception de l'entrée en apprentissage." L’Orientation scolaire et professionnelle 15, no. 4 (1986): 311–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/binop.1986.1605.
Full textOurahay, Mustapha, Claude Janvier, and Richard Pallascio. "Le rapport caractérisation-validation dans une activité d’exploration en géométrie." Articles 22, no. 2 (October 10, 2007): 391–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031886ar.
Full textErnult, Boris, Anne Le Roux, and Jean-François Thémines. "Un modèle référentiel pour analyser les pratiques cartographiques dans l’enseignement et la formation." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 43, no. 120 (April 12, 2005): 473–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/022851ar.
Full textÁlvarez Correa, Emilce, and Juliana P. Lianes Sánchez. "Quand l'enseignement des langues étrangères s'intéresse a la bioethique." Interacción 13 (October 1, 2014): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/1657-7531/interaccion.0.2271.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Apprentissage à partir de démonstrations"
Chenu, Alexandre. "Leveraging sequentiality in Robot Learning : Application of the Divide & Conquer paradigm to Neuro-Evolution and Deep Reinforcement Learning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS342.
Full text“To succeed, planning alone is insufficient. One must improvise as well.” This quote from Isaac Asimov, founding father of robotics and author of the Three Laws of Robotics, emphasizes the importance of being able to adapt and think on one’s feet to achieve success. Although robots can nowadays resolve highly complex tasks, they still need to gain those crucial adaptability skills to be deployed on a larger scale. Robot Learning uses learning algorithms to tackle this lack of adaptability and to enable robots to solve complex tasks autonomously. Two types of learning algorithms are particularly suitable for robots to learn controllers autonomously: Deep Reinforcement Learning and Neuro-Evolution. However, both classes of algorithms often cannot solve Hard Exploration Problems, that is problems with a long horizon and a sparse reward signal, unless they are guided in their learning process. One can consider different approaches to tackle those problems. An option is to search for a diversity of behaviors rather than a specific one. The idea is that among this diversity, some behaviors will be able to solve the task. We call these algorithms Diversity Search algorithms. A second option consists in guiding the learning process using demonstrations provided by an expert. This is called Learning from Demonstration. However, searching for diverse behaviors or learning from demonstration can be inefficient in some contexts. Indeed, finding diverse behaviors can be tedious if the environment is complex. On the other hand, learning from demonstration can be very difficult if only one demonstration is available. This thesis attempts to improve the effectiveness of Diversity Search and Learning from Demonstration when applied to Hard Exploration Problems. To do so, we assume that complex robotics behaviors can be decomposed into reaching simpler sub-goals. Based on this sequential bias, we try to improve the sample efficiency of Diversity Search and Learning from Demonstration algorithms by adopting Divide & Conquer strategies, which are well-known for their efficiency when the problem is composable. Throughout the thesis, we propose two main strategies. First, after identifying some limitations of Diversity Search algorithms based on Neuro-Evolution, we propose Novelty Search Skill Chaining. This algorithm combines Diversity Search with Skill- Chaining to efficiently navigate maze environments that are difficult to explore for state-of-the-art Diversity Search. In a second set of contributions, we propose the Divide & Conquer Imitation Learning algorithms. The key intuition behind those methods is to decompose the complex task of learning from a single demonstration into several simpler goal-reaching sub-tasks. DCIL-II, the most advanced variant, can learn walking behaviors for under-actuated humanoid robots with unprecedented efficiency. Beyond underlining the effectiveness of the Divide & Conquer paradigm in Robot Learning, this work also highlights the difficulties that can arise when composing behaviors, even in elementary environments. One will inevitably have to address these difficulties before applying these algorithms directly to real robots. It may be necessary for the success of the next generations of robots, as outlined by Asimov
Tokmakov, Pavel. "Apprentissage à partir du mouvement." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM031/document.
Full textWeakly-supervised learning studies the problem of minimizing the amount of human effort required for training state-of-the-art models. This allows to leverage a large amount of data. However, in practice weakly-supervised methods perform significantly worse than their fully-supervised counterparts. This is also the case in deep learning, where the top-performing computer vision approaches remain fully-supervised, which limits their usage in real world applications. This thesis attempts to bridge the gap between weakly-supervised and fully-supervised methods by utilizing motion information. It also studies the problem of moving object segmentation itself, proposing one of the first learning-based methods for this task.We focus on the problem of weakly-supervised semantic segmentation. This is especially challenging due to the need to precisely capture object boundaries and avoid local optima, as for example segmenting the most discriminative parts. In contrast to most of the state-of-the-art approaches, which rely on static images, we leverage video data with object motion as a strong cue. In particular, our method uses a state-of-the-art video segmentation approach to segment moving objects in videos. The approximate object masks produced by this method are then fused with the semantic segmentation model learned in an EM-like framework to infer pixel-level semantic labels for video frames. Thus, as learning progresses, the quality of the labels improves automatically. We then integrate this architecture with our learning-based approach for video segmentation to obtain a fully trainable framework for weakly-supervised learning from videos.In the second part of the thesis we study unsupervised video segmentation, the task of segmenting all the objects in a video that move independently from the camera. This task presents challenges such as strong camera motion, inaccuracies in optical flow estimation and motion discontinuity. We address the camera motion problem by proposing a learning-based method for motion segmentation: a convolutional neural network that takes optical flow as input and is trained to segment objects that move independently from the camera. It is then extended with an appearance stream and a visual memory module to improve temporal continuity. The appearance stream capitalizes on the semantic information which is complementary to the motion information. The visual memory module is the key component of our approach: it combines the outputs of the motion and appearance streams and aggregates a spatio-temporal representation of the moving objects. The final segmentation is then produced based on this aggregated representation. The resulting approach obtains state-of-the-art performance on several benchmark datasets, outperforming the concurrent deep learning and heuristic-based methods
Bollinger, Toni. "Généralisation en apprentissage à partir d'exemples." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112064.
Full textThis thesis treats two aspects of the problem of generalization in machine learning. First, we give a formal definition of the relation "more general" which we deduce from our notion of an example that is accepted by a description. We present also a methodology for determining if one description is more general than another. In the second part, we describe the generalization algorithm AGAPE based on structural matching. This algorithm tries to preserve a maximum of information common to the examples by transforming the descriptions of the examples until they match structurally, i. E. Until the descriptions are almost identical. At the end of this thesis, we present some extensions of this algorithm especially designed for enabling the treatement of counter-examples
Bollinger, Toni. "Généralisation en apprentissage a partir d'exemples." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596263z.
Full textBarlier, Merwan. "Sur le rôle de l’être humain dans le dialogue humain/machine." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I087/document.
Full textThe context of this thesis takes place in Reinforcement Learning for Spoken Dialogue Systems. This document proposes several ways to consider the role of the human interlocutor. After an overview of the limits of the traditional Agent/Environment framework, we first suggest to model human/machine dialogue as a Stochastic Game. Within this framework, the human being is seen as a rational agent, acting in order to optimize his preferences. We show that this framework allows to take into consideration co-adaptation phenomena and extend the applications of human/machine dialogue, e.g. negociation dialogues. In a second time, we address the issue of allowing the incorporation of human expertise in order to speed-up the learning phase of a reinforcement learning based spoken dialogue system. We provide an algorithm that takes advantage of those human advice and shows a great improvement over the performance of traditional reinforcement learning algorithms. Finally, we consider a third situation in which a system listens to a conversation between two human beings and talk when it estimates that its intervention could help to maximize the preferences of its user. We introduce a original reward function balancing the outcome of the conversation with the intrusiveness of the system. Our results obtained by simulation suggest that such an approach is suitable for computer-aided human-human dialogue. However, in order to implement this method, a model of the human/human conversation is required. We propose in a final contribution to learn this model with an algorithm based on multiplicity automata
Ferrandiz, Sylvain. "Apprentissage supervisé à partir de données séquentielles." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2030.
Full textIn the data mining process, the main part of the data preparation step is devoted to feature construction and selection. The filter approach usually adopted requires evaluation methods for any kind of feature. We address the problem of the supervised evaluation of a sequential feature. We show that this problem is solved if a more general problem is tackled : that of the supervised evaluation of a similarity measure. We provide such an evaluation method. We first turn the problem into the search of a discriminating Voronoi partition. Then, we define a new supervised criterion evaluating such partitions and design a new optimised algorithm. The criterion automatically prevents from overfitting the data and the algorithm quickly provides a good solution. In the end, the method can be interpreted as a robust non parametric method for estimating the conditional density of a nominal target feature given a similarity measure defined from a descriptive feature. The method is experimented on many datasets. It is useful for answering questions like : which day of the week or which hourly time segment is the most relevant to discriminate customers from their call detailed records ? Which series allows to better estimate the customer need for a new service ?
Liquière, Michel. "Apprentissage à partir d'objets structurés : conception et réalisation." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20038.
Full textWolley, Chirine. "Apprentissage supervisé à partir des multiples annotateurs incertains." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4070/document.
Full textIn supervised learning tasks, obtaining the ground truth label for each instance of the training dataset can be difficult, time-consuming and/or expensive. With the advent of infrastructures such as the Internet, an increasing number of web services propose crowdsourcing as a way to collect a large enough set of labels from internet users. The use of these services provides an exceptional facility to collect labels from anonymous annotators, and thus, it considerably simplifies the process of building labels datasets. Nonetheless, the main drawback of crowdsourcing services is their lack of control over the annotators and their inability to verify and control the accuracy of the labels and the level of expertise for each labeler. Hence, managing the annotators' uncertainty is a clue for learning from imperfect annotations. This thesis provides three algorithms when learning from multiple uncertain annotators. IGNORE generates a classifier that predict the label of a new instance and evaluate the performance of each annotator according to their level of uncertainty. X-Ignore, considers that the performance of the annotators both depends on their uncertainty and on the quality of the initial dataset to be annotated. Finally, ExpertS deals with the problem of annotators' selection when generating the classifier. It identifies experts annotators, and learn the classifier based only on their labels. We conducted in this thesis a large set of experiments in order to evaluate our models, both using experimental and real world medical data. The results prove the performance and accuracy of our models compared to previous state of the art solutions in this context
Arcadias, Marie. "Apprentissage non supervisé de dépendances à partir de textes." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2080/document.
Full textDependency grammars allow the construction of a hierarchical organization of the words of sentences. The one-by-one building of dependency trees can be very long and it requries expert knowledge. In this regard, we are interested in unsupervised dependency learning. Currently, DMV give the state-of-art results in unsupervised dependency parsing. However, DMV has been known to be highly sensitive to initial parameters. The training of DMV model is also heavy and long. We present in this thesis a new model to solve this problem in a simpler, faster and more adaptable way. We learn a family of PCFG using less than 6 nonterminal symbols and less than 15 combination rules from the part-of-speech tags. The tuning of these PCFG is ligth, and so easily adaptable to the 12 languages we tested. Our proposed method for unsupervised dependency parsing can show the near state-of-the-art results, being twice faster. Moreover, we describe our interests in dependency trees to other applications such as relation extraction. Therefore, we show how such information from dependency structures can be integrated into condition random fields and how to improve a relation extraction task
HANSER, THIERRY. "Apprentissage automatique de methodes de synthese a partir d'exemples." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR13106.
Full textBooks on the topic "Apprentissage à partir de démonstrations"
Ontario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Sciences de l'activité physique pse4u cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Technologie de l'information en affaires btx4e cours préemploi. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Études informatiques ics4m cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Mathématiques de la technologie au collège mct4c cours précollégial. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Sciences snc4m cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: English eae4e cours préemploi. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Le Canada et le monde: une analyse géographique cgw4u cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Environnement et gestion des ressources cgr4e cours préemploi. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Histoire de l'Occident et du monde chy4c cours précollégial. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textOntario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Géographie mondiale: le milieu humain cgu4u cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Apprentissage à partir de démonstrations"
PERKO, Gregor, and Patrice Pognan. "Dictionnaire langue maternelle - langue étrangère." In Dictionnaires et apprentissage des langues, 15–24. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.4499.
Full textJACQUEMONT, Mikaël, Thomas VUILLAUME, Alexandre BENOIT, Gilles MAURIN, and Patrick LAMBERT. "Analyse d’images Cherenkov monotélescope par apprentissage profond." In Inversion et assimilation de données de télédétection, 303–35. ISTE Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9142.ch9.
Full textCOLIN RODEA, Marisela, and Mihaela MIHAELIESCU. "Dictionnaire d’apprentissage de langue roumaine." In Dictionnaires et apprentissage des langues, 7–14. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.4498.
Full textATTO, Abdourrahmane M., Héla HADHRI, Flavien VERNIER, and Emmanuel TROUVÉ. "Apprentissage multiclasse multi-étiquette de changements d’état à partir de séries chronologiques d’images." In Détection de changements et analyse des séries temporelles d’images 2, 247–71. ISTE Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9057.ch6.
Full textPambou, Jean-Aimé. "Appropriation du français à travers les détournements de sigles, d’acronymes ou d’abréviations chez des apprenants de filières techniques au Gabon." In Écoles, langues et cultures d’enseignement en contexte plurilingue africain, 67–90. Observatoire européen du plurilinguisme, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/oep.agbef.2018.01.0067.
Full textKoffi, Kouamé Emmanuel. "Problématique de l’apprentissage de l’orthographe à l’école primaire ivoirienne : une analyse pédagogique et didactique." In L’enseignement-apprentissage en/des langues européennes dans les systèmes éducatifs africains : place, fonctions, défis et perspectives, 165–77. Observatoire européen du plurilinguisme, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/oep.kouam.2020.01.0165.
Full textWeber, Corinne. "De la tradition à la modernité, quelques enjeux contemporains pour favoriser la compétence à communiquer langagièrement ?" In L'enseignement de l'oral en classe de langue, 1–14. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.3483.
Full textBERK, Cybèle. "Enseigner la grammaire turque." In Enseignement-apprentissage de la grammaire en langue vivante étrangère, 21–32. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.5810.
Full textFERRANDIS, J. J. "La prise en charge médicale des gazés au front et à l’hôpital. Ambulances Z." In Médecine et Armées Vol. 45 No.1, 77–80. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.7459.
Full textAliaga, Isabelle, Teresa Creus, and Philippe Mesmin. "Enseignement, formation et compétences pour une communication interculturelle à partir d’un apprentissage de la diversité en maternelle." In L’école, instrument de sauvegarde des langues menacées ?, 369–79. Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pupvd.31447.
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