Academic literature on the topic 'Applied ethics, n.e.c'
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Journal articles on the topic "Applied ethics, n.e.c"
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Giannetta, Noemi, Giulia Villa, Federico Pennestrì, Roberta Sala, Roberto Mordacci, and Duilio Fiorenzo Manara. "Ethical Problems and Moral Distress in Primary Care: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 7565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147565.
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Background: Since 1997, nursing ethics research has focused on solving ethical dilemmas, enhancing decision-making strategies, and introducing professional education. Few studies describe the triggers of ethical dilemmas among primary care nurses. The aim of this study was to explore the moral distress and ethical dilemmas among primary care nurses. Methods: A scoping review was performed following Arskey and O’Malley’s framework. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, and Scopus were searched systematically to retrieve relevant titles and abstracts. A temporal filter was applied to focus on the most recent literature (years of 2010–2020). The research was completed on 17 November 2020. Results: Of 184 articles retrieved, 15 were included in the review. Some (n = 7) studies had a qualitative design, and the most productive country was Brazil (n = 7). The total number of nurses involved in quantitative studies was 1137 (range: 36–433); the total number of nurses involved in qualitative studies was 144 (range: 7–73). Three main focus areas were identified: (a) frequent ethical conflicts and moral distress episodes among nurses working in primary care settings; (b) frequent moral distress measures here employed; (c) coping strategies here adopted to prevent or manage moral distress. Conclusion: Further research is needed to examine the differences between moral distress triggers and sources of ethical dilemmas among the different care environments, such as primary care and acute care settings.
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Тарабань, Роман, Кодуру Лакшмоджі, Марк ЛаКур, and Філіп Маршалл. "Finding a Common Ground in Human and Machine-Based Text Processing." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2018.5.1.tar.
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Language makes human communication possible. Apart from everyday applications, language can provide insights into individuals’ thinking and reasoning. Machine-based analyses of text are becoming widespread in business applications, but their utility in learning contexts are a neglected area of research. Therefore, the goal of the present work is to explore machine-assisted approaches to aid in the analysis of students’ written compositions. A method for extracting common topics from written text is applied to 78 student papers on technology and ethics. The primary tool for analysis is the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm. The results suggest that this machine-based topic extraction method is effective and supports a promising prospect for enhancing classroom learning and instruction. The method may also prove beneficial in other applied applications, like those in clinical and counseling practice.
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Chung, C. K., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2008). Revealing dimensions of thinking in open-ended self-descriptions: An automated meaning extraction method for natural language. Journal of research in personality, 42(1), 96-132.
Feldman, S. (1999). NLP meets the Jabberwocky: Natural language processing in information retrieval. Online Magazine, 23, 62-73. Retrieved from: http://www.onlinemag.net/OL1999/ feldmann5.html
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Pennebaker, J. W. (2004). Theories, therapies, and taxpayers: On the complexities of the expressive writing paradigm. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(2), 138-142.
Pennebaker, J.W., Boyd, R.L., Jordan, K., & Blackburn, K. (2015). The development and psychometric properties of LIWC 2015. Austin, TX: University of Texas at Austin.
Pennebaker, J. W., Chung, C. K., Frazee, J., Lavergne, G. M., & Beaver, D. I. (2014). When small words foretell academic success: The case of college admissions essays. PLoS ONE, 9(12), e115844.
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Taraban, R., Marcy, W. M., LaCour Jr., M. S., & Burgess II, R. A. (2017). Developing machine-assisted analysis of engineering students’ ethics course assignments. Proceedings of the American Society of Engineering Education (ASEE) Annual Conference, Columbus, OH. https://www.asee.org/public/conferences/78/papers/19234/view.
Taraban, R., Marcy, W. M., LaCour, M. S., Pashley, D., & Keim, K. (2018). Do engineering students learn ethics from an ethics course? Proceedings of the American Society of Engineering Education – Gulf Southwest (ASEE-GSW) Annual Conference, Austin, TX. http://www.aseegsw18.com/papers.html.
Taraban, R., & Marshall, P. H. (2017). Deep learning and competition in psycholinguistic research. East European Journal of Psycholinguistics, 4(2), 67-74.
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Eglīte, Ance, Linda Pudnika, Marta Anda Balode, and Anda Prikšāne. "Synthesis of Symmetric Ethers Using Monocationic and Dicationic Acidic Ionic Liquids." Key Engineering Materials 762 (February 2018): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.762.104.
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A series of monocationic and dicationic -SO3H functionalized Brønsted acidic ionic liquids (BAILs) are synthesized using different amines int.al., N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, 1-methylimidazole, pyridine and alkylating agents 1,3-propane- and 1,4-butanesultones. The Hammett acidity (H0) and thermal properties by TG-DSC techniques are investigated. These ionic liquids have been applied to catalyze the dehydration reaction of aliphatic long chain alcohols (1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol) at 195 °C. The optimization of reaction conditions and use of dicationic ionic liquids allow to reach rather high yields of symmetric diheptyl ether and dioctyl ether. The reusability of ionic liquids is evaluated using monocationic [PyPS][HSO4], dicationic [TMEDAPS][HSO4] ionic liquids and 1-heptanol.
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Pereira, Victoria Quadros, Carine Panke, Leticia Eifler, Cristiane Tovo, and Thaís Moreira. "Association Between Hepatic Steatosis and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab047_021.
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Abstract Objectives Evaluate the association between the degree of hepatic steatosis and the development of metabolic syndrome in outpatients care. Methods Prospective cross-sectional study with outpatients care at the Gastroenterology Service of a hospital in southern Brazil. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee with protocol 57,328,416.8.0000.5335. Patients aged over 18 years and with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were included. Patients were excluded from hepatitis B and C, with significant alcohol consumption and hepatocellular carcinoma. Data collection occurred during nutritional consultations, where we collected data of age, gender, lifestyle, diagnosis of comorbidities and biochemical tests. The result of liver biopsy was evaluated for the degree of hepatic steatosis. Anthropometric parameters were assessed for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, in addition to electrical bioimpedance for body composition. Data were presented as mean, median, standard deviation, interquartile range and percentages according to distribution. Student T, ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests were applied. The significance level was 5%. Results We evaluated 71 patients with mean age 59.08 ± 8.92 years, 67.6% (n = 48) women, 60.6% (n = 43) sedentary, 52.2% (n = 37) no smoking and mean body mass index of 32.91 ± 5.27 kg/m2. Systemic arterial hypertension were diagnosed in 80.3% (n = 57), 73.2% (n = 52) were diabetic, 66.2% (n = 47) were dyslipidemic and 28.2% (n = 20) of patients with metabolic syndrome. As liver biopsy, 25.4% (n = 18) mild steatosis, 23.9% (n = 17) moderate and 26.8% (n = 19) intense. In the comparison between the levels of hepatic steatosis and the variables, it was observed that patients with severe steatosis had metabolic syndrome (p = 0.041). Patients with metabolic syndrome have higher fat mass (p = 0.044), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.019) and higher levels of serum triglycerides (p = 0.043). Severe hepatic steatosis correlated with the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (r = 0.319; p = 0.019). Conclusions Severe hepatic steatosis is related to the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.Patients with metabolic syndrome had a higher amount of fat mass, increased diastolic blood pressure and serum triglycerides. Funding Sources This study was not funded.
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Diomedi Camassei, F., H. P. McDowell, M. A. De Ioris, P. Altavista, R. Cozza, A. Donfrancesco, A. Inserra, F. Callea, and C. Dominici. "Clinical significance of CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) and c-Met in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 9510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.9510.
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9510 Background: Both CXCR4/SDF-1 and c-Met/HGF axes promote invasive growth of RMS cells in experimental models, but no data are available on their expression and significance in RMS tumors. Expression for CXCR4 and c-Met (and their ligands) was evaluated in primary RMS tumors and correlated with clinical features, marrow involvement at diagnosis, overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Methods: Forty newly diagnosed pts, aged 2–180 months (median 58), with embryonal (n. 20) or alveolar (n. 20) RMS admitted between 1994 and 2004 were retrospectively enrolled. The only selection criterion was availability of data on marrow involvement at diagnosis as assessed by cytomorphology and immunocytochemistry for MyoD1 and myogenin. Primary site was favorable (orbit, paratesticular, uterus/vagina) in 7 pts and unfavorable (all the others) in 33. Pts were entered as group I/II (n. 5), III (n. 28) or IV (n. 7) (IRS grouping system). Marrow was infiltrated at diagnosis in 16 pts. Treatment was according to Italian RMS protocols. Expression for CXCR4, SDF-1, c-Met and HGF proteins was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Three separate counts (each >5,000 tumor cells) were performed without knowledge of clinical features and outcome; results expressed as mean percentage of immunostained tumor cells. Student t test, log-rank test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were applied. Institutional informed consent and ethical approval were obtained. Results: As of December 2006, median follow-up was 60 months, with 25 pts DF, 1 AWD and 14 DOD. CXCR4 and c-Met were expressed in =5% of tumor cells in all cases, but 14/40 tumors showed =50% tumor cell positivity (high expression) for either markers. High CXCR4 expression correlated with alveolar histology (p=0.006), unfavorable primary site (p=0.009), advanced group (p<0.001), marrow involvement (p=0.007), shorter OS and PFS (p<0.001). High c- Met expression with alveolar histology (p=0.005), advanced group (p=0.04), marrow involvement (p=0.02). SDF-1 and HGF were expressed by a lower percentage of tumor cells (1–95% of cells positive for the correspondent receptor). Conclusions: CXCR4/SDF-1 and c-Met/HGF pathways are clinically relevant in children with RMS and represent novel targets for disease-directed therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Jahnke, Linda L., Wolfgang Eder, Robert Huber, Janet M. Hope, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs, John M. Hayes, David J. Des Marais, Sherry L. Cady, and Roger E. Summons. "Signature Lipids and Stable Carbon Isotope Analyses of Octopus Spring Hyperthermophilic Communities Compared with Those ofAquificales Representatives." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 5179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.11.5179-5189.2001.
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ABSTRACT The molecular and isotopic compositions of lipid biomarkers of cultured Aquificales genera have been used to study the community and trophic structure of the hyperthermophilic pink streamers and vent biofilm from Octopus Spring. Thermocrinis ruber, Thermocrinis sp. strain HI 11/12,Hydrogenobacter thermophilus TK-6,Aquifex pyrophilus, and Aquifex aeolicusall contained glycerol-ether phospholipids as well as acyl glycerides. The n-C20:1 andcy-C21 fatty acids dominated all of theAquificales, while the alkyl glycerol ethers were mainly C18:0. These Aquificales biomarkers were major constituents of the lipid extracts of two Octopus Spring samples, a biofilm associated with the siliceous vent walls, and the well-known pink streamer community (PSC). Both the biofilm and the PSC contained mono- and dialkyl glycerol ethers in which C18 and C20 alkyl groups were prevalent. Phospholipid fatty acids included both the Aquificales n-C20:1 andcy-C21, plus a series ofiso-branched fatty acids (i-C15:0 toi-C21:0), indicating an additional bacterial component. Biomass and lipids from the PSC were depleted in13C relative to source water CO2 by 10.9 and 17.2‰, respectively. The C20–21 fatty acids of the PSC were less depleted than the iso-branched fatty acids, 18.4 and 22.6‰, respectively. The biomass of T. rubergrown on CO2 was depleted in 13C by only 3.3‰ relative to C source. In contrast, biomass was depleted by 19.7‰ when formate was the C source. Independent of carbon source, T. ruber lipids were heavier than biomass (+1.3‰). The depletion in the C20–21 fatty acids from the PSC indicates thatThermocrinis biomass must be similarly depleted and too light to be explained by growth on CO2. Accordingly,Thermocrinis in the PSC is likely to have utilized formate, presumably generated in the spring source region.
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Holý, Antonín, Ivan Rosenberg, and Hana Dvořáková. "Synthesis of (3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) derivatives of heterocyclic bases." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 9 (1989): 2470–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19892470.
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Analogs of the antiviral 9-(S)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (HPMPA, I), containing modified heterocyclic base, were prepared from racemic or (S)-N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) derivatives II. Compounds II are heated with chloromethylphosphonyl dichloride (XVII), the formed chloromethylphosphonylester chlorides of compounds II react with water to give a mixture of 2'- and 3'-chloromethylphosphonyl derivatives XVIII and XIX, respectively, which on isomerization by boiling with water in the arising acidic medium affords predominantly the 3'-isomer XIX. Treatment of this isomeric mixture with aqueous sodium hydroxide yields a mixture of 2'-O-phosphonylmethyl ethers (predominating, XXI) and 3'-O-phosphonylmethyl ethers of compounds II (XX). This approach has been applied to the synthesis of isomeric mixtures in the racemic as well as in the (S)-series derived from C-2, C-8 and N-6 substituted derivatives of adenine, from hypoxanthine and additional 6-substituted derivatives of purine, from guanine, 3-deazaadenine and other modified purine bases, from uracil, cytosine, their 5-methyl derivatives and 5-fluorouracil. Regioselective synthesis of compounds XXI was performed for biologically active derivatives (derivative of 2-aminoadenine (XXIe), guanine (XXIn), 3-deazaadenine (XXIp) and cytosine (XXIt)) as well as some other compounds (derivative of hypoxanthine (XXIj), uracil (XXIr), thymine (XXIs) and 5-methylcytosine (XXIu)): the former were obtained either from 3'-O-chloromethylphosphonyl derivatives XIX, isolated from the above-mentioned mixtures by ion-exchanger chromatography or HPLC, or by regioselective substitution, whereas the latter compounds were prepared by deamination (compound XXIj from adenine derivative I or the uracil and thymine derivatives XXIr and XXIu from the cytosine derivatives XXIt and XXIu). N-(S)-(3-Hydroxy-2-benzoyloxypropyl) derivative of N4-benzoylcytosine (XXIX) and N2-benzoylguanine (XXIV), obtained from compounds IIn and IIt by successive N-benzoylation, reaction with dimethoxytrityl chloride, benzoylation and mild acid treatment, were subjected to reaction with the chloride XVII and subsequent neutral and alkaline hydrolysis (compound XXIV), or to reaction with sodium methoxide followed by treatment with bromotrimethylsilane (compound XXIX), being thus converted into 1-(S)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine (XXIt, HPMPC) and 9-(S)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)guanine (XXIn, HPMPG), respectively. The starting compounds (S)-II were synthesized from sodium salt of the corresponding heterocyclic base by reaction with 1-O-p-toluenesulfonyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-(R)-glycerol (IIIa) (the (RS)-derivatives by reaction with 4-chloromethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane (IIIb)), followed by acid hydrolysis.
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Schuster, Judith, Jessica Purswani, Uta Breuer, Clementina Pozo, Hauke Harms, Roland H. Müller, and Thore Rohwerder. "Constitutive Expression of the Cytochrome P450 EthABCD Monooxygenase System Enables Degradation of Synthetic Dialkyl Ethers in Aquincola tertiaricarbonis L108." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 7 (January 25, 2013): 2321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03348-12.
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ABSTRACTInRhodococcus ruberIFP 2001,Rhodococcus zopfiiIFP 2005, andGordoniasp. strain IFP 2009, the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase EthABCD catalyzes hydroxylation of methoxy and ethoxy residues in the fuel oxygenates methyltert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyltert-butyl ether (ETBE), andtert-amyl methyl ether (TAME). The expression of the IS3-type transposase-flankedethgenes is ETBE dependent and controlled by the regulator EthR (C. Malandain et al., FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 72:289–296, 2010). In contrast, we demonstrated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) that the betaproteobacteriumAquincola tertiaricarbonisL108, which possesses theethABCDgenes but lacksethR, constitutively expresses the P450 system at high levels even when growing on nonether substrates, such as glucose. The mutant strainA. tertiaricarbonisL10, which is unable to degrade dialkyl ethers, resulted from a transposition event mediated by a rolling-circle IS91-type element flanking theethgene cluster in the wild-type strain L108. The constitutive expression of Eth monooxygenase is likely initiated by the housekeeping sigma factor σ70, as indicated by the presence in strain L108 of characteristic −10 and −35 binding sites upstream ofethAwhich are lacking in strain IFP 2001. This enables efficient degradation of diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, MTBE, ETBE, TAME, andtert-amyl ethyl ether (TAEE) without any lag phase in strain L108. However, ethers with larger residues,n-hexyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and alkyl aryl ethers, were not attacked by the Eth system at significant rates in resting-cell experiments, indicating that the residue in the ether molecule which is not hydroxylated also contributes to the determination of substrate specificity.
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Murray, Elizabeth, Jamie Ross, Kingshuk Pal, Jinshuo Li, Charlotte Dack, Fiona Stevenson, Michael Sweeting, et al. "A web-based self-management programme for people with type 2 diabetes: the HeLP-Diabetes research programme including RCT." Programme Grants for Applied Research 6, no. 5 (September 2018): 1–242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/pgfar06050.
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Background In the UK, 6% of the UK population have diabetes mellitus, 90% of whom have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes mellitus accounts for 10% of NHS expenditure (£14B annually). Good self-management may improve health outcomes. NHS policy is to refer all people with T2DM to structured education, on diagnosis, to improve their self-management skills, with annual reinforcement thereafter. However, uptake remains low (5.6% in 2014–15). Almost all structured education is group based, which may not suit people who work, who have family or other caring commitments or who simply do not like group-based formats. Moreover, patient needs vary with time and a single education session at diagnosis is unlikely to meet these evolving needs. A web-based programme may increase uptake. Objectives Our aim was to develop, evaluate and implement a web-based self-management programme for people with T2DM at any stage of their illness journey, with the goal of improving access to, and uptake of, self-management support, thereby improving health outcomes in a cost-effective manner. Specific objectives were to (1) develop an evidence-based theoretically informed programme that was acceptable to patients and health-care professionals (HCPs) and that could be readily implemented within routine NHS care, (2) determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the programme compared with usual care and (3) determine how best to integrate the programme into routine care. Design There were five linked work packages (WPs). WP A determined patient requirements and WP B determined HCP requirements for the self-management programme. WP C developed and user-tested the Healthy Living for People with type 2 Diabetes (HeLP-Diabetes) programme. WP D was an individually randomised controlled trial in primary care with a health economic analysis. WP E used a mixed-methods and case-study design to study the potential for implementing the HeLP-Diabetes programme within routine NHS practice. Setting English primary care. Participants People with T2DM (WPs A, D and E) or HCPs caring for people with T2DM (WPs B, C and E). Intervention The HeLP-Diabetes programme; an evidence-based theoretically informed web-based self-management programme for people with T2DM at all stages of their illness journey, developed using participatory design principles. Main outcome measures WPs A and B provided data on user ‘wants and needs’, including factors that would improve the uptake and accessibility of the HeLP-Diabetes programme. The outcome for WP C was the HeLP-Diabetes programme itself. The trial (WP D) had two outcomes measures: glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level and diabetes mellitus-related distress, as measured with the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale. The implementation outcomes (WP E) were the adoption and uptake at clinical commissioning group, general practice and patient levels and the identification of key barriers and facilitators. Results Data from WPs A and B supported our holistic approach and addressed all areas of self-management (medical, emotional and role management). HCPs voiced concerns about linkage with the electronic medical records (EMRs) and supporting patients to use the programme. The HeLP-Diabetes programme was developed and user-tested in WP C. The trial (WP D) recruited to target (n = 374), achieved follow-up rates of over 80% and the intention-to-treat analysis showed that there was an additional improvement in HbA1c levels at 12 months in the intervention group [mean difference –0.24%, 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.44% to –0.049%]. There was no difference in overall PAID score levels (mean difference –1.5 points, 95% CI –3.9 to 0.9 points). The within-trial health economic analysis found that incremental costs were lower in the intervention group than in the control group (mean difference –£111, 95% CI –£384 to £136) and the quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were higher (mean difference 0.02 QALYs, 95% CI 0.000 to 0.044 QALYs), meaning that the HeLP-Diabetes programme group dominated the control group. In WP E, we found that the HeLP-Diabetes programme could be successfully implemented in primary care. General practices that supported people in registering for the HeLP-Diabetes programme had better uptake and registered patients from a wider demographic than those relying on patient self-registration. Some HCPs were reluctant to do this, as they did not see it as part of their professional role. Limitations We were unable to link the HeLP-Diabetes programme with the EMRs or to determine the effects of the HeLP-Diabetes programme on users in the implementation study. Conclusions The HeLP-Diabetes programme is an effective self-management support programme that is implementable in primary care. Future work The HeLP-Diabetes research team will explore the following in future work: research to determine how to improve patient uptake of self-management support; develop and evaluate a structured digital educational pathway for newly diagnosed people; develop and evaluate a digital T2DM prevention programme; and the national implementation of the HeLP-Diabetes programme. Trial registration Research Ethics Committee reference number 10/H0722/86 for WPs A–C; Research Ethics Committee reference number 12/LO/1571 and UK Clinical Research Network/National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Portfolio 13563 for WP D; and Research Ethics Committee 13/EM/0033 for WP E. In addition, for WP D, the study was registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Register as reference number ISRCTN02123133. Funding details This project was funded by the NIHR Programme Grants for Applied Research programme and will be published in full in Programme Grants for Applied Research; Vol. 6, No. 5. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Groen, S. S., S. Holm Nielsen, A. C. Bay-Jensen, M. Rasti, D. Ganatra, K. Oikonomopoulou, and V. Chandran. "POS1097 BIOMARKERS OF INFLAMMATION AND JOINT TISSUE TURNOVER CAN HELP IMPROVING THE DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN OSTEOARTHRITIS AND PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS PATIENTS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 876.1–876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4605.
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BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a slow progressive disease characterized by degeneration within the joint cartilage, leading to destruction and dysfunction of the involved joints. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease manifesting itself in skin lesions and progressive inflammatory changes within the musculoskeletal system, leading to joint damage and functional limitation. Although OA and PsA are considered to be distinct diseases, they share overlapping clinical and inflammatory features that can cause diagnostic challenges. Throughout these inflammatory and degenerative processes in the joint tissues, proteases hold a major role in remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) which results in protein breakdown products released into the synovial fluid (SF). These protein fragments can be quantified in SF as biomarkers of tissue remodelling and may be helpful in characterizing disease-specific or overlapping pathologies between OA and PsA.ObjectivesOur aim of this study is to measure biomarkers of inflammation and joint tissue turnover in SF to explore the distinct and overlapping pathologies between OA and PsA.MethodsSF samples were collected from patients with OA (n=54, mean ±SD age 62.1 ±11.9, 48% female) and patients with PsA (n=59, mean ±SD age 47.8±13.3, 37% female) recruited through Toronto Western Hospital, Canada. Study was approved by the local ethics committee. Biomarkers of inflammation reflecting macrophage activity (VICM) and neutrophil activity (CPa9-HNE) were measured in the SF samples. Moreover, ECM remodelling was assessed in the SF samples by biomarkers quantifying type II collagen formation (PRO-C2), fibronectin turnover (FBN-C), and aggrecan degradation (ARGS). Data were log-transformed and presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). An ANCOVA corrected for age was applied to test the difference between biomarker levels across the two patient groups and a p-value below 0.05 was considered significant. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) analysis was performed to describe the discrimination accuracy of each biomarker between the two patient groups.ResultsPsA patients presented significantly higher levels of macrophage; VICM, activity compared to OA (p<0.001, Figure 1A). On the other hand, OA patients demonstrated increased type II collagen formation and aggrecan degradation compared to PsA (p<0.001, Figure 1C, E). Interestingly, no significant difference in biomarkers levels of neutrophil activity and fibronectin remodelling was observed between the two disease groups. Moreover, VICM, PRO-C2, and ARGS showed high distributional difference between OA and PsA patients with an AUROC=0.915 (p<0.001, Figure 1F), AUROC=0.737 (p<0.001, Figure 1G), and AUROC=0.725 (p<0.001, Figure 1H), respectively.ConclusionPsA patients demonstrated higher macrophage activity in the SF compared to the OA patients, while higher levels of cartilage formation and degradation were observed in OA patients compared to PsA. No differences between OA and PsA were observed in neutrophil activity and fibronectin turnover, which may mirror the clinical difficulty in telling the two arthritides apart. Identifying the unique characteristics of the pathological processes underlying the two diseases may improve diagnosis and allow for the precise management of both OA and PsA patients.Disclosure of InterestsSolveig Skovlund Groen: None declared, Signe Holm Nielsen Employee of: Signe is employed by Nordic Bioscience, Anne-Christine Bay-Jensen Shareholder of: Anne C. Bay-Jensen holds stock in Nordic Bioscience, Employee of: Anne C. Bay-Jensen is employed by Nordic Bioscience, Mozhgan Rasti: None declared, Darshini Ganatra: None declared, Katerina Oikonomopoulou: None declared, Vinod Chandran: None declared
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Applied ethics, n.e.c"
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Van, Deventer Francois Abraham. "Armoede in 'n postmodernistiese Afrika." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16508.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis looks at poverty in the Third World and tries per implication to understand how the economy functions. Finally it suggests solutions for the poverty problem. The first chapter looks at the definition of poverty and why this subject is important to study. It also mentions that there are two ways to look at the poverty problem. The first is the structural thesis and the second the modernisation thesis. The second chapter looks at what the economy is and how it functions. It is emphasised that the economy should be considered to be a complex ecosystem and not a mechanical machine. The third chapter points out that there was a change in focus in the passed 50 years. Now education and information have become much more important. This change is known as postmodernism or globalisation and resulted in the decline of the power of the state. The economic success of countries like the USA, Britain, Japan and Germany is considered in the fourth chapter. The following factors are considered: • The geographic location of a region includes phenomena like the rainfall, natural disasters and mineral wealth. • Historical factors like colonial oppression and the self image of groups. • Diseases and nutrition which makes individuals less productive. • Cultural factors like self-discipline, diligence and an over emphasis of the supernatural • Property rights • Communalism and social capital • State intervention • Technology which makes it possible to produce more with less This chapter also looks at how these different factors interact together and makes the functioning of the complex economic system possible. In the fifth chapter we look at possible solutions for the poverty problem. It is pointed out that the “annexation of the means of production” is no solution. The ignoring of the problem is also rejected as no solution. The renewal of people’s mind is put forward as the solution. The last chapter has a look at the conclusions of the thesis.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verhandeling poog om na die armoede in Derde Wêreld lande te kyk en dan per implikasie te verstaan hoe die ekonomie funksioneer en dan oplossings voor te stel. Die eerste hoofstuk kyk na wat die definisie van armoede is en hoekom dit belangrik is om na hierdie probleem te kyk. Dit wys ook daarop dat daar twee maniere is om na die armoede vraagstuk te kyk, naamlik die strukturele tesis en die modernisasie tesis. Die tweede hoofstuk kyk na wat die ekonomie is en hoe die ekonomie funksioneer. Daar word daarop gewys dat die ekonomie as ’n komplekse ekostelsel beskou moet word en nie as ’n meganistiese masjien nie. Die derde hoofstuk wys daarop dat daar die afgelope 50 jaar ’n klemverskuiwing in die wêreld plaasgevind het waar onderwys en inligting baie belangriker geword het. Hierdie tendens word postmodernisme of globalisering genoem en het onder andere daartoe gelei dat die staat se mag ingeperk is. In die vierde hoofstuk word na die ekonomiese sukses van lande soos die VSA, Brittanje, Japan en Duitsland gekyk. Daar word na die volgende faktore gekyk: • Die geografiese ligging van ’n gebied omsluit verskynsels soos reënval, natuurlike rampe en minerale rykdomme • Historiesefaktore soos koloniale onderdrukking en groepe se selfbeeld • Siektes en voeding wat mense minder produktief maak • Kultuurfaktore soos selfdissipline, hardwerkendheid en oorbeklemtoning van die bonatuurlike • Eiendomsreg • Kommunialisme en sosiale kapitaal • Staatsinmenging • Tegnologie wat dit moontlik maak om met minder meer te produseer Daar word ook in hierdie hoofstuk gekyk hoe hierdie verskillende faktore op mekaar inwerk om saam te werk om die komplekse ekonomiese stelsel te laat funksioneer. Ons kyk in die vyfde hoofstuk na moontlike oplossings vir die armoede vraagstuk. Daar word uitgewys dat “die anneksasie van die produksiemiddele en die herverdeling van rykdom” nie die oplossing is nie. Die ignorering van die probleem word ook afgewys. Die oplossing word voorgehou as die hernuwing van die denke van mense. In die laaste hoofstuk word die gevolgtrekking van hierdie verhandeling voorgehou.
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Van, Niekerk Marilu. "Die kompleksiteit van menswees in geneeskunde : 'n krities-filosofiese ondersoek." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86505.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The dehumanising of human beings which often underpins western medicine lead to this study. Moreover a predominant mechanistic and reductionist view of a human being necessitated a philosophical investigation to revisit the stance. It is argued that western medicine is based upon uncritical assumptions about humans as a result of the dualism and mechanistic views of Descartes. The philosophy of Merleau-Ponty transcended dualism by his emphasis on the bodylines of a human being situated in his life world. Complexity thinking concurs with the above-mentioned view, however, takes the argument further by focusing on the importance of continuous interactions and relations between the whole and the parts. Interdependent aspects of our being in the world constitute our humanness, such as our human relations between family members, friends, that which we experience, ponder, feel, and believe. Our unique experience of disease often goes hand in hand with a deep-seated sub-conscious longing for meaning. According to complexity theory being ill is not a static condition, but rather an imbalance as a result of various dynamic interactions between many spheres of human life. Multiple causality due to various dynamic interactions and self-organisation should replace simplistic views of mechanical cause and effect in this regard. Medical training models should not employ reductionism as if humans are machines comprising of separate body parts. An organic view of the uniqueness of each evolving human being should replace obsolete reductionist and mechanistic views of healing.The essence of being human is embedded in a tapestry of dynamic relations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die dehumanisering van die mens in hedendaagse westerse geneeskunde het aanleiding gegee tot hierdie studie. Verder het die meganistiese, reduksionistiese mensbeeld ‘n filosofiese herbesinning genoodsaak. Daar word geargumenteer dat westerse geneeskunde gebaseer is op onkritiese aannames afkomstig van onder andere Descartes se dualistiese antropologie en die meganistiese siening van die mens. Merleau-Ponty se wysgerige antropologie het die dualisme getransendeer deur sy filosofie van die mens as liggaamlikheid gesitueerd in sy leefwêreld. Kompleksiteitsdenke stem hiermee ooreen, maar voer die argument verder in die opsig dat dit die belangrikheid van relasies en voortdurende wisselwerking tussen die geheel en dele beklemtoon. Interafhanklike aspekte van dit wat ons mens maak, ontstaan as gevolg van relasies tussen ons leefwêreld, ons familie, vriende, tussen dit waaraan ons dink, wat ons voel, ervaar en glo. Ons siekte ervaring gaan meestal gepaard met ‘n diepgewortelde voorbewustelike soeke na sin en betekenis. Die kompleksiteitsperspektief beskou siekwees nie as ‘n statiese toestand wat teenoor gesondwees staan nie, maar eerder ‘n wanbalans in dinamiese interaksies van verskeie sfere van menswees. Enkelvoudige kousaal-meganiese oorsaak en gevolg moet plek maak vir veelvuldige kousaliteit wat geleë is in talle dinamiese interaksies en selforganisering. Mediese opleidingsmodelle behoort die mens nie te objektiveer tot aparte organe, soos die van ‘n masjien nie. Die verontmensliking van die masjien gedrewe model van genesing behoort plek te maak vir ‘n meer organiese siening van die mens wat rekening hou met die unieke menslikheid van die mens. Menslikheid impliseer ‘n tapisserie van relasies.
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De, Roubaix J. A. M. (John Addey Malcolm). "n Postmoderne uitdaging aan die 'paradigmale biomediese etiek model' met verwysing na kompleksiteitsteorie." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52965.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction From the postmodern ethical perspective [the postmodernist would say Jrom the ethical perspective], there is something suspicious and inherently unethical in a system of ethics supported by a comprehensive, cohesive and universal metanarrative, a set of fixed and unbending ethical rules and laws, without the ready possibility of revision [Cilliers, 1998, pp.114, 137-140; Cilliers, 2001, p. 3; Cilliers, 1995, p.125]. Based on the ideas of especially Winkler [1993, pp. 343-365] I have concluded that contemporary mainstream biomedical ethics, represented and directed by the work of Beauchamp and Childress [1994] are caught in such a crush. The primary objective of this assignment is to evaluate the 'principles' of biomedical ethics [respect Jar autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice] which were developed in their water-shed publication [Principles of Biomedical Ethics, Oxford University Press, first published in 1979, and now in a fifth edition, 2002] against a background of postmodern ethics. Methodology and conclusions I have argued that Beauchamp and Childress' conception of principlism is a contextual legalistic-philosophical response to the contemporary American situation, developed primarily from legal decisions [often litigation]. It may be regarded as acceptable practice guidelines, but represents a system of ethics without morality. I have given a concise rendering of Winkler's notion of context-based bioethics with the criticism that this also does not guarantee morality. Following that, there is a description of postmodern society in terms of complexity theory. I have indicated how the characteristics of complexity can be developed and applied contextually in bioethics. The postmodern moral society is the locus where morality develops in a non-controllable agonistic interactive process within which the postmodern moral agent unintentionally finds himself. The postmodern ethical position is not an unethical, come-as-you-may anything-goes position; it simply is not predictable, controllable, universal, rational [in a Kantian context] and eternal. Modernity, it can be argued exhibits a far greater degree of relativism. The postmodern ethical position represents a return to morality in ethics, morality of a very personal, face-to-face responsibility from which we as participants of society cannot hide. From a postmodern ethical perspective, an analysis of principlism and its underlying principles exhibits the characteristics of modernity: eternal moral rules which as such cannot be presented as morality. I have acknowleged Beauchamp and Childress' attempts at adding morality to their conception [in the 4th edition] by means of employing character ethics. They have nevertheless not made any radical changes in the format of their presentation and maintain the central and primary role of principles. I have also argued the limitations of the postmodern approach in terms of enclaves of strictly controlled modernity and artificial witholding of information in medicine which limit the free flow of information essential to the postmodern approach. My conception of complexity and the postmodern approach do not pretend to be a panacea for biomedical ethics. It attempts to redefine the meaning of morality in bioethics and questions the unbridled application of this conception of principIism. Finally I have discussed the burning issue of justice in the practice of medicine from the postmodern perspective. Do I as a person have a right to health care; what are the moral issues of dealing with 'life's lotteries'; what is the state's responsibility in health care, and: what are my personal responsibilities in health care? In contradistinction to libertarian concepts, the postmodern approach clearly argues in favour of the acceptance by the state of its role in health care [a responsibility abrogated in many societies, none more so than contemporary South-African society].
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding Daar IS uit die perspektief van die postmoderne etiese standpunt [die postmodernis sou sê, uit die etiese perspektiej], iets verdags, iets inherent oneties aan 'n sisteem van etiek wat 'n enkele goed omskrewe, kohese en omvattende universele metanarratief voorhou, 'n stel vaste en onbuigsame etiese reëls en wette voorskryf en afdwing sonder om konteks en gevolge te oorweeg, en sonder die geredelike moontlikheid van revisie [Cilliers, 1998, pp.114, 137-140; Cilliers, 2001, p. 3; Cilliers, 1995, p.125]. Dit is, n.a.v. die denke van veral Winkler [1993, pp. 343-365] my oortuiging dat die hoofstroom-denke in biomediese etiek in so 'n drukgang vasgevang is, en verteenwoordig word en gerig is deur die denke van Beauchamp en Childress [1994]. Hierdie werkstuk gaan in hoofsaak daarom om Beauchamp en Childress se toepassing van die beginsels van biomediese etiek soos sedert 1979 in hul waterskeidingsboek 'Principles of Biomedical Ethics' [Vierde uitgawe, Oxford University Press, 1994; daar is nou ook 'n vyfde, 2002] uiteengesit, ontwikkel, bespreek en gepropageer [respek vir outonomie, weldadigheid, non-kwaadwilligheid en geregtigheid] teen die agtergrond van 'n postmoderne etiese beskouing te evalueer. Metodologie en gevolgtrekkings Ek het in hierdie werkstuk aangetoon dat Beauchamp en Childress se weergawe van prinsiplisme 'n kontekstuele wetlik-filosofiese reaksie op die kontemporêre Amerikaanse situasie is, hoofsaaklik uit regsaksie [dikwels litigasie] voortvloei, as goeie praktyksriglyne beredeneer kan word maar etiek sonder moraliteit verteenwoordig. Ek het 'n kort uiteensetting van Winkler se weergawe van 'n konteks-gebaseerde benadering gegee, maar aangetoon dat ook dit nie moraliteit waarborg nie. Daarop het ek 'n beskrywing van die postmoderne samelewing n.a.v. kompleksiteitsteorie gegee, en aangetoon hoe die eienskappe van kompleksiteit kontekstueelontwikkel kan word om in bioetiek toegepas te word. Die postmoderne gepostuleerde morele gemeenskap is die lokus waar moraliteit ontstaan deur 'n onbeheerbare agonistiese proses van interaktiewe wisselwerking waarby die postmoderne morele agent homself onwillekeurig betrokke vind. Die postmoderne etiese posisie is nie onetiese, lukraak, doen-soos-jy-wil relativisme nie; dit is bloot nie 'n voorspelbare, ewige, beheerbare, universele en [Kantiaans-] rasionele sisteem nie; moderniteit is [was?] in effek veel meer relativisties. Die postmoderne etiese standpunt verteenwoordig in my interpretasie 'n terugkeer tot moraliteit in etiek, moraliteit van 'n persoonlike, ingrypende, verantwoordelike aangesigtot- aangesig aard waaraan ons nie kan ontkom nie. Vanuit 'n postmoderne etiese perspektief het ek 'n analise van prinsiplisme en die individuele beginsels gemaak, en aangetoon dat hulle die eienskappe van die 'ewige morele reëls' van moderniteit openbaar en nie sonder meer as morele beredenering voorgehou kan word nie. Ek het erkenning gegee aan Beauchamp en Childress se eie pogings om dit te besweer deur karakteretiek as 'n essensiële tot hul formule toe te voeg, maar die kritiek uitgespreek dat hulle desnieteenstaande hierdie belangrike erkenning, nie bereid is om die formaat van hul aanbieding [ook in die jongste vyfde uitgawe, 2002] radikaal te wysig nie. Hulle oorbeklemtoon die beginsels steeds as sentraal en primêr. Terselfdertyd het ek die beperkings van die postmoderne benadering uitgelig, veral in terme van enklawes van streng-beheerde moderniteit in geneeskunde en 'n kunsmatige weerhouding van die vrye vloei van informasie wat kompleksiteit en die postmoderne situasie kenmerk. My konsepsie hou nie kompleksiteit en 'n postmoderne benadering voor as 'n panakeia vir biomediese etiek nie; dit dien eerder om die betekenis van moraliteit in bioetiek te herdefinieer en die kontemporêre algemene en ongekwalifseerde toepassing van hierdie weergawe van prinsiplisme te bevraagteken. Laastens het ek die brandende vraag van geregtigheid in die praktyk van geneeskunde vanuit 'n postmoderne perspektief bespreek, veral of ek as persoon kan aanspraak maak op 'n reg tot gesondheidsorg, die morele implikasies van 'life's lotteries', die staat se verantwoordelikheid in gesondheidsorg en les bes, persoonlike verantwoordelikheid in gesondheidsorg. Dit is duidelik dat 'n postmoderne benadering tot bioetiek, in teenstelling met libertêre konsepsies, die staat se rol in gesondheidsorg onderskryf ['n rol wat die staat byna universeel, en veral in Suid-Afrika, verwaarloos].
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Calamba, Katherine. "Phase stability and defect structures in (Ti1-x,Alx)Ny hard coatings." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0322.
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Cette étude met en évidence le rôle des lacunes d’azote et des défauts structuraux dans l’ingénierie de revêtements durs à stabilité de phase améliorée et dont les propriétés mécaniques sont compatibles avec des applications à haute température. Le nitrure de titane et d’aluminium (Ti,Al)N sous forme de revêtements est un matériau de choix pour la protection des outils de coupe pour métaux en raison de sa résistance supérieure à l’oxydation et à l’usure à haute température. La décomposition spinodale à haute température de la phase métastable cubique (Ti,Al)N en domaines cohérents de taille nanométrique de c-TiN et de c-AlN donne une dureté importante aux températures élevées. Un apport thermique encore plus élevé conduit à la transformation de c-AlN en w-AlN, ce qui nuit aux propriétés mécaniques du revêtement. Un moyen de retarder cette transformation est d'introduire des lacunes d'azote. Dans cette thèse, je montre que la combinaison d’une réduction de la teneur globale en azote du revêtement c-(Ti,Al)Ny(y <1) avec une faible tension de polarisation du substrat lors du dépôt par arc cathodique induit un retard encore plus prononcé de la transformation de la phase c-AlN en w-AlN. Dans de telles conditions, le durcissement par vieillissement est conservé jusqu'à 1100 ° C, ce qui correspond à la température la plus élevée signalée pour les films de (Ti,Al)N. Au cours des opérations de coupe, le mécanisme d'usure des films c-(Ti0.52Al0.48)Ny déposés par arc cathodique avec des teneurs en N de y = 0.92, 0.87 et 0.75 est influencé par l'interaction des lacunes d'azote, de la microstructure et des réactions chimiques avec le matériau de la pièce. Le revêtement y = 0.75 contient le plus grand nombre de macroparticules et présente, après usinage, une microstructure non homogène qui en abaisse la résistance à l'usure sur les flancs et les cratères. Le durcissement par vieillissement de l'échantillon y = 0.92 entraîne une résistance supérieure à l'usure sur le flanc, tandis que la structure dense de l'échantillon y = 0.87 empêche l'usure chimique qui se traduit par une excellente résistance à l'usure sur les cratères. Des films hétéroépitaxiés c-(Ti1-x, Alx)Ny (y = 0.92, 0.79 et 0.67) ont été déposés sur des substrats de MgO(001) et (111) en utilisant une technique de pulvérisation magnétron pour examiner en détail les défauts structuraux pendant la décomposition spinodale. À 900 °C, les films se décomposent pour former des domaines cohérents riches en c-AlN et c-TiN de forme allongée le long de la direction <001>. Les cartographies de déformation montrent que la plupart des contraintes se trouvent près de l'interface des domaines ségrégés et à l'intérieur des domaines c-TiN. Les dislocations s'agrègent favorablement dans c-TiN plutôt que dans c-AlN car ce dernier a une directionnalité plus forte des liaisons chimiques covalentes. À température élevée, la taille de domaine des films de c- (Ti, Al)Ny orientés (001) et (111) augmente avec la teneur en azote. Cela indique qu'il y a un retard dans le grossissement dû à la présence de plus de lacunes d’azote dans le film. [...]This study highlights the role of nitrogen vacancies and defect structures in engineering hard coatings with enhanced phase stability and mechanical properties for high temperature applications. Titanium aluminum nitride (Ti,Al)N based materials in the form of thin coatings has remained as an outstanding choice for protection of metal cutting tools due to its superior oxidation resistance and high-temperature wear resistance. High-temperature spinodal decomposition of metastable (Ti,Al)N into coherent c-TiN and c-AlN nm-sized domains results in high hardness at elevated temperatures. Even higher thermal input leads to transformation of c-AlN to w-AlN, which is detrimental to the mechanical properties of the coating. One mean to delay this transformation is to introduce nitrogen vacancies. In this thesis, I show that by combining a reduction of the overall N-content of the c-(Ti,Al)Ny (y < 1) coating with a low substrate bias voltage during cathodic arc deposition an even more pronounced delay of the c-AlN to w-AlN phase transformation is achieved. Under such condition, age hardening is retained until 1100 °C, which is the highest temperature reported for (Ti,Al)N films. During cutting operations, the wear mechanism of the cathodic-arc-deposited c-(Ti0.52Al0.48)Ny with N-contents of y = 0.92, 0.87, and 0.75 films are influenced by the interplay of nitrogen vacancies, microstructure, and chemical reactions with the workpiece material. The y = 0.75 coating contains the highest number of macroparticles and has an inhomogeneous microstructure after machining, which lower its flank and crater wear resistance. Age hardening of the y = 0.92 sample causes its superior flank wear resistance while the dense structure of the y = 0.87 sample prevents chemical wear that results in excellent crater wear resistance. Heteroepitaxial c-(Ti1-x,Alx)Ny (y = 0.92, 0.79, and0.67) films were grown on MgO(001) and (111) substrates using magnetron putter deposition to examine the details of their defect structures during spinodal decomposition. At 900 °C, the films decompose to form coherent c-AlN- and c-TiN- rich domains with elongated shape along the elastically soft <001> direction. Deformation maps show that most strains occur near the interface of the segregated domains and inside the c-TiN domains. Dislocations favorably aggregate in c-TiN rather than c-AlN because the later has stronger directionality of covalent chemical bonds. At elevated temperature, the domain size of (001) and (111)- oriented c-(Ti,Al)Ny films increases with the nitrogen content. This indicates that there is a delay in coarsening due to the presence of more N vacancies in the film. The structural and functional properties (Ti1-x,Alx)Ny are also influenced by its Al content (x). TiN and (Ti1-x,Alx)Ny (y = 1, x = 0.63 and x = 0.77) thin films were grown on MgO(111) substrates using magnetron sputtering technique. Both TiN and Ti0.27Al0.63N films are single crystals with cubic structure. (Ti0.23,Al0.77)N film has epitaxial cubic structure only in the first few atomic layers then it transitions to an epitaxial wurtzite layer, with an orientation relationship of c-(Ti0.23,Al0.77)N(111)[1-10]ǀǀw-(Ti0.23,Al0.77)N(0001)[11-20]. The w-(Ti0.23,Al0.77)N shows phase separation of coherent nm-sized domains with varying chemical composition during growth. After annealing at high temperature, the domains in w-(Ti0.23,Al0.77)N have coarsened. The domains in w-(Ti0.23,Al0.77)N are smaller compared to the domains in c-(Ti0.27,Al0.63)N film that has undergone spinodal decomposition. The results that emerged from this thesis are of great importance in the cutting tool industry and also in the microelectronics industry, because the layers examined have properties that are well suited for diffusion barriers
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Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes May 7, 2012." University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/244391.
Full textBooks on the topic "Applied ethics, n.e.c"
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Marius, Victorinus, ed. Metaphysics and morals in Marius Victorinus' commentary on the Letter to the Ephesians: A contribution to the history of neoplatonism and Christianity. New York: P. Lang, 1995.
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Stavans, Ilan. On love. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007.
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Intermediate Algebra An Applied Approach Richard N Aufmann Vernon C Barker Joanne S Lockwood. Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2008.
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Love and Language. Yale University Press, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Applied ethics, n.e.c"
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Godinho, Aloysius, and T. Singh. "Group Distance Magic Labeling of $$C_n^r$$ C n r." In Algorithms and Discrete Applied Mathematics, 187–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53007-9_17.
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de la Fuente, Luis A. "ASTERIX: The TINA-C architecture applied to ATM connection management." In Bringing Telecommunication Services to the People — IS&N '95, 132–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0016962.
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Ge, Xiaoyan, Yanwei Guo, Jian Zhai, Xinshan Song, and Xin Cao. "Research progress of nitrogen removal in low C/N wastewater by constructed wetlands: Mechanism and influencing factors." In Advances in Applied Chemistry and Industrial Catalysis, 477–82. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003308553-71.
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Mohamed, Bahaaeldin, and Thomas Köhler. "The Fish Model: When Do Researchers Collaborate Online?" In Progress in IS, 29–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66262-2_3.
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AbstractThe questions of whether and how doctoral students are motivated for enhanced research collaboration deserve thorough consideration. Even though collaboration in general and its mediated forms, such as computer-supported cooperative work and collaborative learning (CSCW and CSCL), are prominent research topics, only a little is known about the methods necessary to design various activities to support research collaboration. With the upcoming generation of tools such as Mendeley, Conference Chair, ResearchGate, or Communote, scholars suspect that web 2.0 services play a decisive role in enabling and enhancing research collaboration. However, there is almost no data available on the extent to which researchers adopt these technologies, and how they do so. Therefore, the authors first present an overview of the current usage of web 2.0 among doctoral researchers in their daily academic routines, based on a survey (n = 140) conducted in the German Federal State of Saxony. It confirms a wide and often specified usage of web 2.0 services for research collaboration. For theoretical analysis, the authors propose a conceptual framework that reflects the requirements of scientific participation and scholarly collaboration within an average international doctoral programme adopting current digital technologies. The aim of this framework is to understand, support, and enhance research collaboration among doctoral researchers. Our fish model highlights the mutual relationship between the following dichotomous factors: (a) tasks/time factors; (b) beliefs/activities; (c) support/context; and (d) incentives/ethical issues. Our results indicate a significant relationship in terms of research collaboration. This relationship has particularly been identified between two dichotomous factors: beliefs/activities and incentives/ethics.
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Rigillo, Marina. "Hybridizing Artifice and Nature: Designing New Soils Through the Eco-Systemic Approach." In Regenerative Territories, 281–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78536-9_18.
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AbstractThe chapter outlines the cultural background for applying design strategies consistent with the challenge of circularity. The contribution focuses on ecological thinking as an effective design approach to produce and implement eco-innovative strategies able at facing environmental and societal challenges of our global age. Then the chapter depicts the Repair research experience in promoting a systemic design approach for recycling and reusing C&D waste as new, anthropogenic soils in peri-urban areas. According to the EEA Report n.6/2017, the chapter posits that the major environmental challenges of the present are not about single issues, such as waste reduction or soil-loss, rather they involve systemic change and design processes, linking together economy, social habits and technological responses. Therefore, the transition towards more sustainable urban metabolism deeply depends from creative visions by which breaking the circuit “take-make-dispose” and promote new—and somehow tentative—visions for implementing circularity at local and global scale. Further postulation in the paper is about assuming the concept of Anthropocene as theoretical ground for such eco-innovative design approach. The scientific evidence of living in human-dominated ecosystems makes designers towards a paradigm shift concerning the overcoming of the typical artificial/natural dichotomy by exploring the augmented opportunities in designing sustainable and resilient habitats thanks to a more collaborative, plural and innovative design approach: “What is important and significant here is how ecology and landscape architectural design might invent alternative forms of relationships between people, places and cosmos” (Corner, ‘Ecology and Landscape as agents of Creativity’, 1997, reprint in Reed &Lister (2018), Op. Cit., pp. 40–65, p. 42). Starting from these assumptions, the paper deepens the experience of collaborative design for implementing recycle and reuse of C&D waste for producing new technical soils, according to both the regulatory constraints (and potentials) and the site-specific features. The research goal is to provide new vegetated soils by waste thanks to an innovative design process based on both circular economy principles and collaborative knowledge production. Notably, the capacity of producing creative hybridization between biotic and abiotic component seems to be the new frontier in the field of technological design and material engineering. The term hypernatural, proposed by Blaine Brownell and Marc Swackhamer in 2015, introduces the idea of a co-evolutionary process between nature and science, looking at humans’ technological capacity as an effective opportunity for creating the conditions for making biotic ad abiotic systems working together: “The ultimate aim of technology is not antinatural: it is hypernatural” (Brownell & Swackhamer in Hyper-natural. Architecture’s new relationship with nature. Princeton Architectural Press, New York, p. 18, 2015). The chapter deals with the methodology applied for promoting a sort of protocological architecture (Burke, 2007), by which facilitating the C&D waste recycle and reuse within the construction sector, and notably into the landscape project. The research starts working under the H2020-Repair project, and it has developed within further research programs about C&D waste management in urban regeneration programs developed by the Department of Architecture of University of Naples Federico II.
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Lambert, Tristan H. "New Methods for C–N Ring Construction." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0055.
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The reduction of pyridines offers an attractive approach to piperidine synthesis, and now Toshimichi Ohmura and Michinori Suginome of Kyoto University have developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 3699) a rhodium-catalyzed hydroboration of pyridines, including the reaction of 1 to produce 3. Timothy J. Donohoe at the University of Oxford has found (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 2074) that pyridinium silanes 4 undergo intramolecular hydride transfer by treatment with TBAF to produce dihydropyridones (e.g., 5) with good diastereoselectivity. Enantioselective amination of allylic alcohols has proven challenging, but Ross A. Widenhoefer at Duke University has reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 1405) that a chiral gold catalyst can effect such intramolecular cyclizations with good enantioselectivity, as in the synthesis of 7 from 6. Alternatively, Masato Kitamura at Nagoya University has developed (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 608) a ruthenium catalyst that operates at as low as 0.05 mol% loading for the conversion of substrates such as 8 to 9. Efforts to replace transition metal catalysts with alkaline earth metal-based alternatives have been gaining increasing attention, and Kai C. Hultzsch at Rutgers University has found (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 394) that the magnesium complex 12 is capable of catalyzing intramolecular hydroamination (e.g., 10 to 11) with high enantioselectivity. Meanwhile, a stereoselective Wacker-type oxidation of tert-butanesulfinamides such as 13 to produce pyrrolidine derivatives 14 has been disclosed (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 1242) by Shannon S. Stahl at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. Though highly desirable, Heck reactions have rarely proven feasible with alkyl halides due to competitive β-hydride elimination of the alkyl palladium intermediates. Sherry R. Chemler at the State University of New York at Buffalo has demonstrated (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 2020) a copper-catalyzed enantioselective amination Heck-type cascade (e.g., 15 and 16 to 17) that is thought to proceed via radical intermediates. David L. Van Vranken at the University of California at Irvine has reported (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 3233) the carbenylative amination of N-tosylhydrazones, which proceeds through η3-allyl Pd intermediates constructed via carbene insertion. This chemistry was applied to the two-step synthesis of caulophyllumine B from vinyl iodide 18 and N-tosylhydrazone 19.
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Taber, Douglass. "Stereocontrolled Construction of C-N Rings: The Vanderwal Synthesis of Norfluorocurarine." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0056.
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Forrest E. Michael of the University of Washington described (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 1147) the Pd-catalyzed aminative cyclization of 1 to the differentially-protected diamine 3. Peter Somfai of KTH Chemical Science and Engineering observed (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 919) that [1,2]-rearrangement of 4 proceeded to deliver 5 with near-perfect maintenance of enantiomeric excess. Tushar Kanti Chakraborty of the Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow applied (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 3306) the Ti(III) reduction of epoxides to the Sharpless-derived ether 6, leading to the pyrrolidine 7. Chun-Jiang Wang of Wuhan University devised (Chem. Commun. 2009, 2905) a silver catalyst that directed the absolute sense of the dipolar addition of 9 to 8 to give 10. Homoallyic azides such as 11 are readily prepared in high enantiomeric excess from the corresponding alcohol. Bernhard Breit of Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg and André Mann of the Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch showed (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 261) that Rh-mediated hydroformylation could be effected in the presence of the azide. Subsequent reduction delivered the piperidine 12. Jan-E. Bäckvall of Stockholm University applied (J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 1988) the protocol for dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DYKAT) that he had developed to the cyanodiol 13. Remarkably, a single enantiomerically- pure diasteromer emerged, which he carried on to 14. Xiaodong Shi of West Virginia University found (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 2333) that the stereogenic center of 17, even though it ended up outside the ring, directed the absolute configuration of the other centers of 18 as they formed. Jan Vesely of Charles University and Albert Moyano and Ramon Rios of the Universitat de Barcelona established (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 1943) that an organocatayst directed the absolute configuration in the addition of 19 to 20 to give 21. Osamu Tamura of Showa Pharmaceutical University effected (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 1179) cyclization of the malic acid-derived amide 22 to give 23 with high diastereocontrol.
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Bose, Saugata, and Ritambhra Korpal. "Machine-Learning-Based External Plagiarism Detecting Methodology From Monolingual Documents." In Scholarly Ethics and Publishing, 442–58. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8057-7.ch021.
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In this chapter, an initiative is proposed where natural language processing (NLP) techniques and supervised machine learning algorithms have been combined to detect external plagiarism. The major emphasis is on to construct a framework to detect plagiarism from monolingual texts by implementing n-gram frequency comparison approach. The framework is based on 120 characteristics which have been extracted during pre-processing steps using simple NLP approach. Afterward, filter metrics has been applied to select most relevant features and supervised classification learning algorithm has been used later to classify the documents in four levels of plagiarism. Then, confusion matrix was built to estimate the false positives and false negatives. Finally, the authors have shown C4.5 decision tree-based classifier's suitability on calculating accuracy over naive Bayes. The framework achieved 89% accuracy with low false positive and false negative rate and it shows higher precision and recall value comparing to passage similarities method, sentence similarity method, and search space reduction method.
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Fouda, Faten Abdelmagied Elsoudy. "A Suggested Curriculum in Career Education to Develop Business Secondary Schools Students' Career Knowledge Management Domains and Professional Thinking." In Business Education and Ethics, 166–89. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3153-1.ch009.
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The current research aimed at designing a proposed curriculum in career education for business secondary schools students and measuring its effectiveness on developing career knowledge management domains and professional thinking skills. To achieve the desired goal, the researcher applied the system approach in designing the suggested career education curriculum, the developmental research methodology for developing the instructional materials and media, and the quasi-experimental design to measure the effectiveness the proposed curriculum on a sample of the third grade business secondary school students in Egypt. The suggested curriculum contains four main stages/phases: 1) career knowledge generation; 2) career knowledge organization; 3) career knowledge utilization; and 4) career knowledge distribution. These phases were integrated into one system to develop both career knowledge management skills and professional thinking among the target sample. The units of the curriculum were designed in an interactive way according to the principles of the blended-units approach that concentrates on knowledge and knowledge applications for achieving career requirements needed to joining 21st century business and administration jobs. A sample of 50 students enrolled in a business secondary school were selected randomly and divided equally into two groups: the experimental group (n= 25) and the control group (n= 25). The researcher developed two main instruments: 1) an achievement test; and 2) a professional thinking scale. The achievement test included two parts: 1) measuring the professional knowledge, and 2) performance measuring of the skills of designing professional portfolio. In addition, a rubric was used to evaluate the production of the professional portfolio. The findings revealed that the suggested curriculum was effective in developing both career knowledge management domains and professional thinking skills; as there were significant statistical differences between the two groups in favor of the experimental group. A set of educational recommendations were suggested.
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"Force Effects in Conductive Fluid Caused by the Action of Rotating Magnetic Field with in-Phase Modulated F r e q u e n c y." In Progress in Fluid Flow Research: Turbulence and Applied MHD, 767–70. Reston ,VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866531.0767.0770.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Applied ethics, n.e.c"
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Cordero-Díaz, MA, and MP González-Amarante. "HUMANISM IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC: ONLINE CLINICAL SIMULATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ETHICAL COMPETENCIES." In The 7th International Conference on Education 2021. The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/24246700.2021.7113.
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The SARS-COV2 health contingency and the cessation of face-to-face activities has motivated multiple educational innovations for distance teaching. Medical schools are particularly defied because of the need for clinical training, however simulation offers opportunities to achieve continuity. A clinical simulation exercise was redesigned and transformed to an online synchronic simulation via Zoom. The participating groups of medical students (n=53) were in the Bioethics and Clinical Bioethics courses, adjunct to their Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology (ObGyn) clerkships in June 2020. Two simulated clinical cases were performed via Zoom, followed by a debriefing session. Later, an online survey was applied to the participants to know their perception and experience with this new version, considering they had experienced the original face-toface simulation on the alternate clerkship the prior trimester. A mixed method approach was used to analyze the responses. The results showed that the virtual format was very effective, 72% considered it very similar to the original version. The exercise revealed high emotional commitment, allowing students to develop their socio-emotional skills. Student reactions were categorized and coded as emotions triggered by a) their performance as professionals, b) those related directly to the patient’s emotions and situation, which showed significant gender differences, and c) students' anxiety related to the academic exercise itself, the least found. The fact that the clinical component was restructured due to the remote format may have helped in focusing on the preponderance of emotional, communication and relational aspects of the patient-doctor relationship. Also, most students identified the exercise was meaningful in approaching bioethics contents, including end-of-life decisions in patient care, and informed consent. In conclusion, the online clinical simulation activity proved effective in integrating professionalism outcomes that encompass ethical knowledge, skills and attitudes that prepare medical students for their professional role, along with the debriefing reinforcing insightful learning integration. Keywords: educational innovation, higher education, clinical simulation, humanism, ethics
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Sepúlveda, Marco, Darío G. Pérez, Felipe Olivares, David G. Ortiz-Suslow, Ryan Yamaguchi, and Qing Wang. "How good an estimator of turbulence strength is C n 2. at the boundary layer?" In Applied Industrial Spectroscopy. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ais.2021.jtu5a.6.
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Purnomo, Kosala Dwidja, Nanda Puspa Winda Sari, Firdaus Ubaidillah, and Ika Hesti Agustin. "The construction of the Koch curve (n,c) using L-system." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICSAS) 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5141721.
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Nugraha, I. Made Ananta, Lukman Noerochim, and Diah Susanti. "High stability on N-doped LiFePO4/C as cathode of lithium-ion battery." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICSAS) 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5141666.
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Kamaruddin, M. A., N. F. H. M. Halid, M. S. Yusoff, M. R. R. M. A. Zainol, and R. Alrozi. "TOC, TKN and C/N ratio fractionation of organic wastes under elevated temperature regime by using hydrothermal approach." In APPLIED PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER (APCOM 2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5118091.
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Tsutsui, Hidenori, Takaomi Matsutani, Tadahiro Kawasaki, Akira Kobayashi, Josef Krasa, and Takeshi Miyasaka. "Development of B-C-N-O Diaphragm for Environmental Cell Transmission Electron Microscope by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition." In NEW TREND IN APPLIED PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: The Seventh International Symposium on Applied Plasma Science. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3508546.
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Dhiman, Shobhna, Ranjan Kumar, and Keya Dharamvir. "Ab initio study of structural and electronic properties of Cu[sub n]@C[sub 60]." In PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS IN APPLIED PHYSICS AND MATERIAL SCIENCE: RAM 2013. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4810493.
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Tan, Seng Ghee, and Mansoor B. A. Jalil. "Gauge Concepts in Theoretical Applied Physics." In Proceedings of the Conference on 60 Years of Yang–Mills Gauge Field Theories: C N Yang's Contributions to Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814725569_0023.
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Wilden, J., and A. Wank. "Process Features During the Plasmajet CVD Synthesis of Si-C-N Coatings." In ITSC2001, edited by Christopher C. Berndt, Khiam A. Khor, and Erich F. Lugscheider. ASM International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2001p0487.
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Abstract Materials in the system Si-C-N feature excellent properties for wear and corrosion protection applications even at elevated temperatures and an excellent thermal shock resistance among the ceramics. As these materials have no melting point, they cannot be processed purely by conventional spraying techinques, but need to be synthesized. Plasmajet CVD processes with single and triple DC torches and HF torches with supersonic nozzles have successfully been applied to produce Si-C(-N) coatings on different steel, aluminum, titanium and copper alloys as well as on graphite. Various liquid single precursors with suitable structure have been tested and evaluated with regard to the morphology and structure of the produced coatings. The processes are compared taking into account their characteristics concerning the injection modes, gas temperature and velocity profiles. Emission spectroscopy is used to determine the mechanisms of the coating formation. Guidelines for the optimum production of Si-C(-N) coatings by Plasmajet CVD are deducted.
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Nafisyah, Wini, Sutarno Sutarno, Bakti Berlyanto Sedayu, Silvia Wahyuni, and Indriana Kartini. "Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Bentonite/N-P-K Composite as Slow-Release Fertilizer Model Using Twin-Screw Extruder." In Life Science, Materials and Applied Chemistry. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-qxgbxq.
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CMC/Bentonite/N-P-K composites have been prepared as the macronutrient slow-release fertilizer. The composites were made by mixing natural bentonite, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and N-P-K using a twin-screw extruder at 100 °C and screw rate of 600 rpm. The weight ratio of CMC to N-P-K was set at 1:0.5. The mass of bentonite was varied at 0.1; 0.5; and 1 (wt.%). The composites were characterized using infrared (IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated through tensile and compressive strength, water absorption capacity and stability test in water. It is found that increasing the natural bentonite ratio in the composite decreased the tensile and compressive strength but increased water absorption capacity and stability. The release of N-P-K from CMC/Bentonite/N-P-K followed the kinetic release model of pseudo-second-order.
Reports on the topic "Applied ethics, n.e.c"
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Jorgensen, Frieda, Andre Charlett, Craig Swift, Anais Painset, and Nicolae Corcionivoschi. A survey of the levels of Campylobacter spp. contamination and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance determinants in fresh whole UK-produced chilled chickens at retail sale (non-major retailers). Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xls618.
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Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle for this organism. The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) agreed with industry to reduce Campylobacter spp. contamination in raw chicken and issued a target to reduce the prevalence of the most contaminated chickens (those with more than 1000 cfu per g chicken neck skin) to below 10 % at the end of the slaughter process, initially by 2016. To help monitor progress, a series of UK-wide surveys were undertaken to determine the levels of Campylobacter spp. on whole UK-produced, fresh chicken at retail sale in the UK. The data obtained for the first four years was reported in FSA projects FS241044 (2014/15) and FS102121 (2015 to 2018). The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated raw whole retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target. This report presents results from testing chickens from non-major retailer stores (only) in a fifth survey year from 2018 to 2019. In line with previous practise, samples were collected from stores distributed throughout the UK (in proportion to the population size of each country). Testing was performed by two laboratories - a Public Health England (PHE) laboratory or the Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast. Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. was performed using the ISO 10272-2 standard enumeration method applied with a detection limit of 10 colony forming units (cfu) per gram (g) of neck skin. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to selected antimicrobials in accordance with those advised in the EU harmonised monitoring protocol was predicted from genome sequence data in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates The percentage (10.8%) of fresh, whole chicken at retail sale in stores of smaller chains (for example, Iceland, McColl’s, Budgens, Nisa, Costcutter, One Stop), independents and butchers (collectively referred to as non-major retailer stores in this report) in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. has decreased since the previous survey year but is still higher than that found in samples from major retailers. 8 whole fresh raw chickens from non-major retailer stores were collected from August 2018 to July 2019 (n = 1009). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 55.8% of the chicken skin samples obtained from non-major retailer shops, and 10.8% of the samples had counts above 1000 cfu per g chicken skin. Comparison among production plant approval codes showed significant differences of the percentages of chicken samples with more than 1000 cfu per g, ranging from 0% to 28.1%. The percentage of samples with more than 1000 cfu of Campylobacter spp. per g was significantly higher in the period May, June and July than in the period November to April. The percentage of highly contaminated samples was significantly higher for samples taken from larger compared to smaller chickens. There was no statistical difference in the percentage of highly contaminated samples between those obtained from chicken reared with access to range (for example, free-range and organic birds) and those reared under standard regime (for example, no access to range) but the small sample size for organic and to a lesser extent free-range chickens, may have limited the ability to detect important differences should they exist. Campylobacter species was determined for isolates from 93.4% of the positive samples. C. jejuni was isolated from the majority (72.6%) of samples while C. coli was identified in 22.1% of samples. A combination of both species was found in 5.3% of samples. C. coli was more frequently isolated from samples obtained from chicken reared with access to range in comparison to those reared as standard birds. C. jejuni was less prevalent during the summer months of June, July and August compared to the remaining months of the year. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone), erythromycin (macrolide), tetracycline, (tetracyclines), gentamicin and streptomycin (aminoglycosides) was predicted from WGS data by the detection of known antimicrobial resistance determinants. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected in 185 (51.7%) isolates of C. jejuni and 49 (42.1%) isolates of C. coli; while 220 (61.1%) isolates of C. jejuni and 73 (62.9%) isolates of C. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Three C. coli (2.6%) but none of the C. jejuni isolates harboured 23S mutations predicting reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as harbouring genetic determinants for resistance to at least three unrelated antimicrobial classes, was found in 10 (8.6%) C. coli isolates but not in any C. jejuni isolates. Co-resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was predicted in 1.7% of C. coli isolates. 9 Overall, the percentages of isolates with genetic AMR determinants found in this study were similar to those reported in the previous survey year (August 2016 to July 2017) where testing was based on phenotypic break-point testing. Multi-drug resistance was similar to that found in the previous survey years. It is recommended that trends in AMR in Campylobacter spp. isolates from retail chickens continue to be monitored to realise any increasing resistance of concern, particulary to erythromycin (macrolide). Considering that the percentage of fresh, whole chicken from non-major retailer stores in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. continues to be above that in samples from major retailers more action including consideration of interventions such as improved biosecurity and slaughterhouse measures is needed to achieve better control of Campylobacter spp. for this section of the industry. The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target.