Academic literature on the topic 'Applied environmental history'
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Journal articles on the topic "Applied environmental history"
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Levterova, Boryana. "APPLIED EPIDEMIOLOGY - HISTORY AND FUTURE." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 1179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28041179b.
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Epidemiology is both a science and a fundamental method of public health. This is the science that seeks to link health or disease to various factors affecting the health of human populations. Although epidemiology as a discipline develops after World War II, epidemiological thinking can be traced by Hippocrates through John Graunt, William Farr, John Snow to the present day. Epidemiology's roots are nearly 2500 years old. Hippocrates attempted to explain disease occurrence from a rational rather than a supernatural viewpoint. In his essay entitled “On Airs, Waters, and Places,” Hippocrates suggested that environmental and host factors such as behaviours might influence the development of disease.Another early contributor to epidemiology was John Graunt, a London haberdasher and councilman who published a landmark analysis of mortality data in 1662. This publication was the first to quantify patterns of birth, death, and disease occurrence, noting disparities between males and females, high infant mortality, urban/rural differences, and seasonal variations. In the mid-1800s, an anaesthesiologist John Snow was conducting a series of investigations in London that warrant his being considered the “father of field epidemiology.” Twenty years before the development of the microscope, Snow conducted studies of cholera outbreaks both to discover the cause of disease and to prevent its recurrence.Epidemiology is a philosophy and methodology that can be applied to study and solve a very wide range of health problems. The Art of Epidemiology consists of not only to use different study designs and statistical methods, but when and how to apply the various epidemiological strategies most effectively to respond to specific health issues axes and get the information we need. It is a key element in the formulation of effective public health initiatives to prevent disease and promote community health. Epidemiology studies the factors affecting health and disease of the population and thus serves as a basis for a logical approach to protecting and strengthening public health. The scope of epidemiology has been steadily expanding over recent decades as epidemiologists demonstrate new applications and variations traditional design and training methods. We can expect that the scope of epidemiology will be further expanded in the future as more and more epidemiologists develop innovative strategies and techniques.
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Pinakhina, Daria V., and Elena M. Chekunova. "Environmental DNA: history of studies, current and perspective applications in fundamental and applied research." Ecological genetics 18, no. 4 (December 12, 2020): 493–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen25900.
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This review article is dedicated to a relatively young, actively developing approach to biodiversity assessment analysis of environmental DNA (or eDNA). Current views on the nature of eDNA, a brief overview of the history of this approach and methods of eDNA analysis are presented. Major research directions, utilizing eDNA techniques, and perspectives of their application to the study of biodiversity are described. Key issues in development of eDNA approach, its advantages and drawbacks are outlined.
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Nestler, John M., Robert T. Milhous, Thomas R. Payne, and David L. Smith. "History and review of the habitat suitability criteria curve in applied aquatic ecology." River Research and Applications 35, no. 8 (August 28, 2019): 1155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.3509.
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Niu, Dongxiao, Ling Ji, Qingguo Ma, and Wei Li. "Knowledge Mining Based on Environmental Simulation Applied to Wind Farm Power Forecasting." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/597562.
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Considering the inherent variability and uncertainty of wind power generation, in this study, a self-organizing map (SOM) combined with rough set theory clustering technique (RST) is proposed to extract the relative knowledge and to choose the most similar history situation and efficient data for wind power forecasting with numerical weather prediction (NWP). Through integrating the SOM and RST methods to cluster the historical data into several classes, the approach could find the similar days and excavate the hidden rules. According to the data reprocessing, the selected samples will improve the forecast accuracy echo state network (ESN) trained by the class of the forecasting day that is adopted to forecast the wind power output accordingly. The developed methods are applied to a case of power forecasting in a wind farm located in northwest of China with wind power data from April 1, 2008, to May 6, 2009. In order to verify its effectiveness, the performance of the proposed method is compared with the traditional backpropagation neural network (BP). The results demonstrated that knowledge mining led to a promising improvement in the performance for wind farm power forecasting.
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Meggs, William J. "History of the Rise and Fall of Environmental Medicine in the United States." Ecopsychology 9, no. 2 (June 2017): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/eco.2016.0044.
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Liu, Lin, and Pin Lv. "The Environmental Protection Consciousness and Countermeasures." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 1509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.1509.
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There are various signs indicating that the Earth's natural environment is changing toward unfavorable direction for species, which is highly suspected to be connected with human activities. In the last century, people all over the world have realized the severity of environmental issues. In the long history, Chinese ancient had already development good rules and methods to reach balance between economic development and environment sustainability. This paper will discuss how environmental concepts forms and which methods could be applied in the future.
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Sanborn, Robert H. "The Regulatory History Of Business Combinations." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 3, no. 2 (October 31, 2011): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v3i2.6538.
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This paper examines the legal and accounting history of business combinations. The economic development of guidelines governing current combinations is traced through legislation, court precedents, political events, recording methods, and accounting pronouncements. This examination indicates that the consistently applied accounting principles have been the only unchanged environmental factor during the current round of business combinations. Although the accuracy of the accounting principles in describing economic events cannot be claimed as a harbinger of merger activity, the consistency of those rules would seem, at least, to be a stimulant to merger activity.
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Sorokin, A. V. "Can political economy be non-Marxist? Relevance of applied political economy." Moscow University Economics Bulletin, no. 2 (March 5, 2022): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105202221.
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Initially political economy was non-Marxist but under the influence of ideology it has become Marxist; with rejection of official ideology of Marxism, it can and should again become non-Marxist. Marxism is an ideology/ policy that proclaims the inevitable death of capitalism and its replacement with socialism. Ideology forced political economy to abandon the subject —«the wealth of nations» (Smith) which was transformed into «social relations developing in the process of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of material goods, and economic laws governing their development in socio-economic formations historically replacing each other». Marxian economics was identified with the ideology of Marxism. The three constituent parts of Marxism have lost their relevance. The materialistic foundation of Marxism rested on three discoveries (the cell, energy conservation, and Darwinism). A new social organism was believed to have been born from a cell that existed in an old organism; the birth of a new one means the death of the old one. The history of all societies was represented by the history of the struggle between the exploiting and exploited classes, the result of which was a progressive change of formations. The discoveries of the XIX century were either refuted by modern natural science (cell theory), or significantly modernized (synthetic theory of evolution). The theory of class exploitation as a deduction from the product of labor was refuted by Marx. Rejection of Marxism does not mean rejection of the materialist understanding of history, but an understanding based on modern materialism. The subject of political economy in broad sense is various modes of life reproduction (analogue of a species) and their modification (population). The history of all previous societies was the history of struggle, not classes, but of modes of production of life. The subject of the non-Marxist political economy of capitalism is the relationship of the reproduction of the life of three large classes (capitalists, hired workers, landowners). The method is an analogue of the method for constructing genomes of biological species. Non-Marxist political economy and economics have a common subject and form two components of a new academic discipline «applied political economy», in which the descriptive method of economics is complemented by an explicative one.
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Goddard, Joe. "Mickey’s Trailer and Environmental Thought: Disney Cartoons and Countryside." American Studies in Scandinavia 48, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v48i1.5360.
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The influence of popular cartoons on environmental cognition is explored in this essay through readings of Mickey’s Trailer, a 1938 cartoon directed by Ben Sharpsteen for Walt Disney. Other materials considered include Ford Motor Company’s 1937-38 film coproduced by Wilder Pictures, Glacier International Park, which promotes motor-tourism and automobile ownership, and Ben Sharpsteen’s other work for Walt Disney. The article also examines the ideas of physical and “illusional” zoning in the city, especially the way that they were applied in the mid-twentieth century. Physical zoning involved separating incompatible land uses, whereas illusional zoning entailed seeing what you wanted to see. What does Mickey’s Trailer say about how people can live, and can it inform where people choose to live? The essay muses that appreciations of nature and the environment are influenced by popular culture.
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Buckley, Daniel H., Varisa Huangyutitham, Tyrrell A. Nelson, Angelika Rumberger, and Janice E. Thies. "Diversity of Planctomycetes in Soil in Relation to Soil History and Environmental Heterogeneity." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 7 (July 2006): 4522–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00149-06.
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ABSTRACT Members of the Planctomycetes, which were once thought to occur primarily in aquatic environments, have been discovered in soils on five continents, revealing that these Bacteria are a widespread and numerically abundant component of microbial communities in soil. We examined the diversity of Planctomycetes in soil samples obtained from experimental plots at an agricultural site in order to assess the extent of Planctomycetes diversity in soil, to determine whether management effects such as past land cover and compost addition affected the composition of the Planctomycetes community, and to determine whether the observations made could provide insight into the ecological distribution of these organisms. Analysis of Planctomycetes 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a total of 312 ± 35 unique phylotypes in the soil at the site examined. The majority of these Planctomycetes sequences were unique, and the sequences had phylogenetic affiliations that included all major lineages in the Planctomycetaceae, as well as several novel groups of deeply divergent Planctomycetes. Both soil management history and compost amendment had significant effects on the Planctomycetes diversity, and variations in soil organic matter, Ca2+ content, and pH were associated with variations in the Planctomycetes community composition. In addition, Planctomycetes richness increased in proportion to the area sampled and was correlated with the spatial heterogeneity of nitrate, which was associated with the soil management history at the orchard site examined. This report provides the first systematic assessment of the diversity of Planctomycetes in soil and also provides evidence that the diversity of this group increases with area as defined by the general power law description of the taxon-area relationship.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Applied environmental history"
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Proust, Katrina Margaret, and kproust@cres10 anu edu au. "Learning from the past for sustainability: towards an integrated approach." The Australian National University. Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20050706.140605.
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The task of producing policies for the management of Earth’s natural resources is a problem of the gravest concern worldwide. Such policies must address both responsible use in the present and the sustainability of those finite resources in the future. Resources are showing the adverse results of generations of exploitation, and communities fail to see the outcomes of past policies that have produced, and continue to produce, these results. They have not learned from past policy failures, and consequently fail to produce natural resource management (NRM) policies that support sustainable development.¶
It will be argued that NRM policy makers fail to learn from the past because they do not have a good historical perspective and a clear understanding of the dynamics of the complex human-environment system that they manage. It will also be argued that historians have not shown an interest in collaborating with policy makers on these issues, even though they have much to offer. Therefore, a new approach is proposed, which brings the skills and understanding of the trained historian directly into the policy arena.¶
This approach is called Applied Environmental History (AEH). Its aims are to help establish an area of common conceptual ground between NRM practitioners, policy makers, historians and dynamicists; to provide a framework that can help NRM practitioners and policy makers to take account of the historical and dynamical issues that characterise human-environment relationships; and to help NRM practitioners and policy makers improve their capacity to learn from the past.
Applied Environmental History captures the characteristics of public and applied history and environmental history. In order to include an understanding of feedback dynamics in human-environment systems, it draws on concepts from dynamical systems theory. Because learning from the past is a particular form of learning from experience, AEH also draws on theories of cognitive adaptation.¶
Principles for the application of AEH are developed and then tested in an exploratory study of irrigation development that is focused on the NRM issue of salinity. Since irrigation salinity has existed for centuries, and is a serious environmental problem in many parts of the world, it is a suitable NRM context in which to explore policy makers' failure to learn from the past. AEH principles guide this study, and are used, together with insights generated from the study, as the basis for the design of AEH Guidelines.
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Proust, Katrina. "Learning from the past for sustainability: towards an integrated approach." Phd thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/48001.
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The task of producing policies for the management of Earth’s natural resources is a problem of the gravest concern worldwide. Such policies must address both responsible use in the present and the sustainability of those finite resources in the future. Resources are showing the adverse results of generations of exploitation, and communities fail to see the outcomes of past policies that have produced, and continue to produce, these results. They have not learned from past policy failures, and consequently fail to produce natural resource management (NRM) policies that support sustainable development. ¶ It will be argued that NRM policy makers fail to learn from the past because they do not have a good historical perspective and a clear understanding of the dynamics of the complex human-environment system that they manage. It will also be argued that historians have not shown an interest in collaborating with policy makers on these issues, even though they have much to offer. Therefore, a new approach is proposed, which brings the skills and understanding of the trained historian directly into the policy arena. ¶ This approach is called Applied Environmental History (AEH). Its aims are to help establish an area of common conceptual ground between NRM practitioners, policy makers, historians and dynamicists; to provide a framework that can help NRM practitioners and policy makers to take account of the historical and dynamical issues that characterise human-environment relationships; and to help NRM practitioners and policy makers improve their capacity to learn from the past. ¶ ...
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Gwaravanda, Ephraim Taurai. "A critical analysis of the contribution of selected Shona proverbs to Applied Philosophy." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20980.
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The research focuses on the epistemic tension between Western positivist epistemology and African indigenous knowledge systems particularly Shona proverbs. The research argues that Western epistemological hegemony is both unjustified and unacceptable in the context of the pluriversal understanding of knowledge where systems of knowledge are both multiple and diverse. After a critique of Eurocentric thinking, the research defends an African epistemological paradigm that emerges as an alternative framework for the authentic and legitimate study of African knowledge systems and ways of knowing. The approach opens intellectual space for the philosophical study of Shona proverbs. Under Shona environmental philosophy, it shall be argued that ubuntu respects all aspects of the environment, recognizes the dependence of human beings on the environment, sees the land as sacred and affords responsibility for future generations by encouraging the preservation and conservation of resources. Three Shona proverbs have been used to show how the Shona think about preservation of natural resources, conservation of natural resources and the interdependence between humanity and the natural world. In the context of Shona philosophy of law, it is argued that ubuntu provides the basis of a coherent philosophy of law among the Shona. Shona philosophy of law is a reflection of legal elements and the study draws these elements from selected proverbs. These proverbs have been used to show the metaphysical basis of Shona legal philosophy, the role of the law in protecting the dignity of individuals and the importance of the law in peace building within the community. Concerning political philosophy, the study has argued that ubuntu is the political foundation of solidarity, oneness and mutual support in politics. Shona political philosophy stresses coexistence and relatedness (ukama) within the community. Shona political philosophy maintains that authority should be guided by respect, good governance, solidarity and peace. Under Shona philosophy of economics, themes of human dignity, respect for hard work and the need for moderation in the desire for money are discussed in the context of the Shona philosophical worldview. The proverbs under study contribute to alternative ways of philosophical reflection in the context of the pluriversality of knowledgePhilosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology
D.Litt et Phil. (Philosophy)
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Davis, Lambert. "A visual investigation into images of land, sea, sky & cloud: history, science and travel applied to a contemporary art practice." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1310154.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)My art practice combined with my life experience of coastal and marine environments forms the core of an academic investigation into the transitional development of painting styles in British land and seascape art from the late eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries. While historically informed, this research is practice-based with a major component comprising a series of contemporary paintings of land, sea, sky and cloud. All the paintings I produced in relation to this investigation were created in the present time-frame and originated from field research conducted in local and distant coastal environments as well as during three sailing expeditions. Throughout an artistic practise ranging from a career as a children’s book illustrator to recording periodic journeys in sketchbooks, my work has been inspired by a lifelong connection to the coastal landscape and marine environment. More recently, while undertaking this PhD in Natural History Illustration, I have gained insight into the challenge of balancing the traditional role of a natural history illustrator to accurately record ones chosen subject, a particular time and place in the case of landscape, with the expressive brushstroke and colour that perhaps better convey a sense of the emotional experience. While making art is often a solitary discipline I have not been alone in my efforts to reconcile these related but often conflicting intentions. British land and seascape art during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries produced some of the most historically significant examples of artists asserting a transformation from descriptive to expressive styles. This research investigates the modification in painting styles focusing on the artists accompanying the mariner James Cook (1728 – 1779) during his three famous voyages of discovery as well as the famous landscape painters John Constable (1776 – 1837) and Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775 – 1851). My art practice, conducted in a systematic and experimental way, informed by the experiences of these selected British artists provides a practice-based investigation of theories surrounding their work. This research has been undertaken with the intention of better understanding my own art practice and providing knowledge for other artists conducting similar practice-based research. Furthermore, my intention has been to inspire interest in the field for the broader community by providing personal insight into an important period of British history encompassing art, science and exploration and the influence this period has on contemporary art practice.
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Kalaitzidis, Evdokia. "professional ethics for professional nursing." 2006. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/30081.
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The thesis proposes and defends a maxim which can serve as a foundation and guideline for professional ethics in nursing, the maxim that nurses should act so far as possible to promote patient's self-determination. The thesis is informed by philosophical ethics and by knowledge of professional nursing practice.
Books on the topic "Applied environmental history"
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M, Koger Susan, and Winter Deborah Du Nann, eds. The psychology of environmental problems. 2nd ed. Mahwah, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2004.
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Ponomarenko, Vladimir P. Infrared techniques and electro-optics in Russia: A history 1946-2006. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE Press, 2007.
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Emon, Soeriaatmadja Roehayat, and Afiff Suraya A, eds. The ecology of Java and Bali. [Hong Kong]: Periplus Editions, 1996.
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Whitten, Tony. The ecology of Java and Bali. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1997.
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Emon, Soeriaatmadja Roehayat, and Afiff Suraya A, eds. The ecology of Java and Bali. [Hong Kong]: Periplus, 2000.
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Grübler, Arnulf. Technology and global change. Cambridge (England): Cambridge University Press, 1998.
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Morozov, G. I. Ėkologicheskie prot︠s︡essy v prirode i v kosmicheskikh sistemakh. Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo MAI, 2012.
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De Vita, Maurizio, ed. Città storica e sostenibilità / Historic Cities and Sustainability. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-305-2.
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A subject that is inexplicably little studied at present, or indeed not at all, is that of the quest for possible applications and feasible objectives in the energy requalification of existing buildings, existing or planned open spaces, old city centres and the monumental and diffuse cultural heritage. At the present time it is crucial that the issues, research and techniques linked to the possibilities of an aware use of energy are applied to the old city centres and the existing heritage. This must start from a knowledge and investigation of the traditional building materials and techniques, which are in themselves inherently sustainable (comprising both the ancient city and the consolidated modern city and their historic stratifications). The historic environment indeed represents an infinite cultural and environmental resource and a very high percentage of the global architectural heritage.
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Chambers, Richard. Aspects of life: A natural history of southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik Publishers, 1996.
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Anderson, Odin W. The evolution of health services research: Personal reflections on applied social science. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Applied environmental history"
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González de Molina, Manuel, David Soto Fernández, Gloria Guzmán Casado, Juan Infante-Amate, Eduardo Aguilera Fernández, Jaime Vila Traver, and Roberto García Ruiz. "Agrarian Metabolism: The Metabolic Approach Applied to Agriculture." In Environmental History, 1–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20900-1_1.
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Ferrarese, Francesco, Salvatore Eugenio Pappalardo, Alberto Cosner, Stefano Brugnaro, Kaodi Alum, Angelica Dal Pozzo, and Massimo De Marchi. "Mapping Agricultural Terraces in Italy. Methodologies Applied in the MAPTER Project." In Environmental History, 179–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96815-5_11.
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Cirujano, S., M. Álvarez-Cobelas, and C. Ruíz de la Hermosa. "Analysis of Applied Environmental Management Strategies for Wetland Conservation During the Last 30 Years: A Local History." In Ecology of Threatened Semi-Arid Wetlands, 229–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9181-9_10.
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De Smedt, Kristel, and Ellen Vos. "The Application of the Precautionary Principle in the EU." In Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 163–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91597-1_8.
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AbstractThe precautionary principle is a guiding principle that allows decision makers to adopt precautionary measures even when scientific uncertainties about environmental and health impacts of new technologies or products remain. It is also a debated principle. Proponents of the precautionary principle argue that it provides a framework for improving the quality and reliability of decisions over technology, science, ecological and human health, and leads to improved regulation. Opponents argue that it is incoherent, lacking orientation and that it hinders innovation. The aim of this Chapter is to increase understanding of the perceived tension between the precautionary principle and innovation by examining how the precautionary principle is applied in EU law and by the EU courts. This Chapter is based on the findings of an EU-funded research project entitled REconciling sCience, Innovation and Precaution through the Engagement of Stakeholders (RECIPES).
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Ditlev-Simonsen, Caroline D. "Key Tools for Social- and Environmental Performance, and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)." In A Guide to Sustainable Corporate Responsibility, 61–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88203-7_4.
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AbstractCorporate responsibility provides the foundation for sustainable development. It is a complex sphere since there are several confusing initiatives intended to help companies incorporate sustainability. From an international perspective, the UN initiatives have had the most impact. I provide a short introduction to the history of key UN initiatives associated with environmental and social issues and how they relate to business and corporations. As the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have a key global framework for sustainable development, they will be discussed in detail with special attention to challenges and practical relevance for corporations. Well-known and widely applied initiatives to evaluate corporate performance like Fair Trade Certificate and ISO 14001; greenhouse and climate reporting initiatives, like the GHG Protocol, CDP, TCFD; sustainable reporting frameworks, like GRI and IIRC; and supply chain guidance and due diligence like the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, and new laws on transparency, will be presented.
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Geist, Valerius. "Environmentally guided phenotype plasticity in mammals and some of its consequences to theoretical and applied biology." In Alternative Life-History Styles of Animals, 153–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2605-9_8.
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Gaberthüel, Matthias, Brigitte Slaats, and Melanie Goll. "What does it take to develop a nematicide today and for the future?" In Integrated nematode management: state-of-the-art and visions for the future, 439–45. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247541.0061.
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Abstract There are three major drivers for the development of a next-generation chemical nematicide. The first key element of a new nematicide is strong intrinsic potency against all economically relevant plant parasitic nematodes to ensure maximum protection leading to best return on investment for this measure, in yield, to the farmer. Secondly, the chemical should have an improved human and environmental safety profile in comparison to commercially available nematicides in the market, thus overcoming existing and future global regulatory constraints. The final driver is the ease of use of the product to provide a convenient, simple and effective method of application such as a seed-applied technology. This chapter discusses the history of nematicides, nematicide development, and the use of chemical nematicides as an important tool in integrated nematode management. It describes the application of prediction models, crop rotations, cultivation system adaptation and breeding to support chemical nematicides in the management of nematodes. Future nematicide development trends are also mentioned.
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Mastroianni, George R. "History and Development of Military Psychology." In Handbook of Military Sciences, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02866-4_55-1.
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AbstractPsychology is widely thought to have emerged as a scientific discipline only quite recently: at the end of the nineteenth century. Psychological thinking had nevertheless been occurring for millennia, and such thinking formed a significant element of Greek philosophy in the centuries before the Common Era. The Greeks, no strangers to war, applied this thinking to military matters, such as learning, motivation, and the roles of environment and heredity in human development. From these beginnings, the systematic study of the unique considerations that arise when humans come together in military undertakings began. The industrialization of warfare that began in the nineteenth century added new questions and problems, problems which became more urgent just as the novel application of the methods of science to human psychology became institutionalized in universities in the decades before World War I. Today, military psychology is a vibrant and dynamic field that focuses on a core set of stable and enduring areas of study that include leadership, personnel selection, training, human factors, human performance, and clinical psychology. As military technology and the nature of warfare continue to evolve within the context of national and social institutions that are themselves constantly in flux, military psychology will adapt to encompass the new questions and problems brought by these changes.
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Karácsonyi, Dávid, Kazumasa Hanaoka, and Yelizaveta Skryzhevska. "Long-Term Mass Displacements—The Main Demographic Consequence of Nuclear Disasters?" In The Demography of Disasters, 15–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49920-4_2.
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Abstract Human history has witnessed several major disasters that have affected the economic, social and environmental conditions of their respective regions. The nuclear disaster of Chernobyl (1986, Ukraine, that time the Soviet Union) and Fukushima (2011, Japan) appears to be the most significant disasters in terms of negative outcomes produced for their population over a long time. Despite this, the analysis of the socio-economic outcomes of these disasters has attracted much less scientific attention than health or radiation-related issues (UNDP 2002a; Lehman and Wadsworth 2009, 2011). Although nuclear accidents are deemed to be rare events, the Fukushima disaster occurred only 25 years after Chernobyl. These disasters highlighted the need for a detailed long-term socio-economic analysis of these accidents to acquire sufficient knowledge to be applied when considering new construction sites for nuclear power facilities (Lehman and Wadsworth 2011). This chapter focuses on the problem of permanent resettlement resulting from nuclear disasters and its effects on regional demographic trajectories and spatial shifts. Based on the results of this study we argue that mass displacement after a nuclear disaster rather than the radiation itself has a much more significant impact on deteriorating health, natural reproduction and economic performance of the affected population. Furthermore, given the differences in radio-ecological conditions, reconstruction policy and the time framework, Fukushima may demonstrate demographic consequences that are different from the Chernobyl case.
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Salgado Kent, Chandra, Tiago A. Marques, and Danielle Harris. "Fundamental Data Analysis Tools and Concepts for Bioacoustical Research." In Exploring Animal Behavior Through Sound: Volume 1, 319–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97540-1_9.
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AbstractBioacoustics is a growing field of research in which sound is measured to gain knowledge about species’ natural history and their environments. For example, bioacousticians have been able to create phylogenies, identify populations, and estimate abundance using sound. Moreover, today, many animals are exposed to human-generated noise, which can impact animals’ behavior, ability to communicate, physiology, hearing, and, in some instances, survival. Bioacoustics, thus, is commonly used to assess and predict the impacts of anthropogenic noise on animals and their populations. The use of bioacoustics to address such research questions, however, is only effective provided the quantitative and statistical analysis methods used are adequate and reliable. While it may not be reasonable to expect a single researcher working in bioacoustics to master all three fields required in bioacoustical research (i.e., biology, acoustics, and statistics), bioacousticians should understand basic statistical concepts, have good knowledge of existing techniques for data analysis, and identify possible pitfalls in survey design. In addition, bioacousticians should be able to conduct a range of current standard analyses, produce informative visualizations, and know when to engage a statistician to perform more sophisticated analyses. This chapter introduces common terms, concepts, and statistical methods available to analyze bioacoustical data. Not surprisingly, most are concepts and methods that could be used for any applied research topic, not necessarily just bioacoustics. The authors’ aim is for this chapter to expose users with no or limited experience in quantitative methods in bioacoustics to key analytical considerations for making valid inferences from acoustic data.
Conference papers on the topic "Applied environmental history"
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Gamito, Margarida, and Fernando Moreira Da Silva. "UrbanCroma: Chromatic Methodology applied to Oeiras Municipality, Portugal." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001997.
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This paper presents a research work, inserted in the post-Doctoral applied investigation which aims to test and validate this new methodology. UrbanCroma, the chromatic planning methodology for urban furniture which was applied in Oeiras Municipality, is part of a theoretical and practical work carried out during the research for a PhD thesis, in which the present methodology was developed. Thus, UrbanCroma is mainly intended to be applied into the elaboration of chromatic plans for urban furniture, whose needs do not completely correspond to those proposed by other existing methodologies, destined almost exclusively to be applied to the built environment, i.e., to architecture. These chromatic plans, allow the full performance of Urban Furniture functions, improving its use, and transforming it in a factor of inclusivity, as its elements will become more visible and legible as they stand out from the surrounding environment, whether being built or landscape. Likewise, this methodology has an identification and orientation function, since its elements will constitute harmonic chromatic sets that, although they establish a strong contrast with the surrounding environment, respect the local chromatic traditions, identify the neighborhoods or urban areas and, by their variation, constitute orientation landmarks throughout the city. In this case study ─ Oeiras Municipality ─ that have settlements both on the interior and on the sea front, and is at the same time a miscellanea of old and contemporary, were chosen three different localities: Laje, Carnaxide Historic Center, and a new urban area of Carnaxide. These locals, that encompass social neighborhoods, traditional settlements and modern building urbanizations, inevitably have several characteristics that allow the application of this methodology to a wide range of neighborhoods. So, UrbanCroma application starts by choosing samples areas, which will encompass the case study most representative zones, applying there the new methodology to all furniture elements, in order to increase their potentiality as relevant issues for city color planning. In all these intervention areas, all the colors present in the environment are recorded, being it built or landscape, taking in account all the changes due to climatic variations and the non-permanent colors, whose presence has enough importance to be considered as environmental colours. All these colors were, then, registered in files and maps, in order to create a data-base allowing the identification of all environmental colors. The set of these colors permitted the establishment of the local dominant colors and, these ones, along with the contribute of the local history and culture, constitute the scientific basis upon which, it was established a very comprehensive urban furniture chromatic plan, with scientific rigor, for Oeiras Municipality case study.
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Liu, Yu, and Peter Hasdell. "Sustainable Urban Delta: The Inspiration to PRD through the Comparative Analysis of Netherlands Reclamation History." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002358.
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Due to the significant demand for land resources and rapid urbanization, reclamation has become one of the essential choices for developing coastal cities. However, the intensive reclamation projects lead to the high vulnerability of the delta. Attention to the general discussion of ecological security, vulnerability, and sustainability has proliferated in recent years, but insufficient attention has been paid to a detailed explanation of the specific human activities' impact on the overall delta from a narrative historical aspect. In this article, the Deltas of Netherlands and Pearl River Delta (PRD) in multiple scales are selected as cases. The two deltas share similarities in geography, physical system description, ecological system, management Issues, and human activities. The comparative analysis offers a means to improve the understanding of mechanisms for addressing ecological vulnerability by comparing two deltas in social and environmental aspects.The analysis section elaborates the similar reclamation history of two deltas by the sequence of three stages. By comparing the diverse responses of respective projects in macroscale and microscale with similar morphological and ecological features, it is effortless to improve the understanding of reactive mechanisms of systems, which directly affect the vulnerability index. The Vulnerability index will also be listed and elaborated corresponding to the historical stages. Moreover, successful examples of the Netherlands show the advanced experiments in guild thinking, governance, strategies. Thus, the comparative analysis provides comprehensive syntheses, mechanistic insights, and feasible alternatives to PRD. And beneficial guidance to develop a sustainable urban delta could be proposed.
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Hartmann, M., and S. E. Tshernyshev. "EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVES OF NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUMS IN GENERATION OF NATURAL HERITAGE KNOWLEDGE AND PRESERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY VOUCHERS." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-49.
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Natural History Museums continue to play a significant role as centres for educational and scientific activity of society; as new types of research potentially evolve in the future, the importance of such Museums does not diminish but only increases. The educational and scientific perspectives of natural history museums in generating knowledge of natural heritage and preserving biological diversity vouchers, have great importance and will be in increasing demand at the nearest future. All scientists working on natural profiles and environmental change are strongly recommended to pay special attention to Museum collections, visit them and help their progress to any extent possible.
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Garcia-Hernandez, Mariel, Fabiola Cortes Chavez, Alberto Rossa-Sierra, and Marcela De Obaldia. "An Information Design Tool to Reduce Cognitive Load in Older Adults with Chronic Degenerative Diseases During the Anamnesis Exploration Phase in a General Medical Consultation." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001883.
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During the general medical consultation protocol, there is a clinical exploration phase called anamnesis, which is carried out through an interrogation by the patient's treating physician, where information such as patient identification data, reason for consultation, family history is collected. , personal pathological history and psychosocial history, in order to obtain a retrospective of the patient and determine the relevant family, environmental and personal elements to generate an objective clinical history. However, breaking down the pathological history requires a great cognitive effort on the part of the patient, especially when it comes to older adults who suffer from one or more chronic diseases, which implies having extensive and permanent medical treatments, so it is imperative to generate an information design instrument that serves as a personal database where the patient can enter information about the medical treatment they carry out for their chronic diseases, with the aim of not losing any medication data related to their ailments and being able to transmit this information relevant to the physician during the anamnesis phase. Based on the above, this instrument was developed, taking into consideration the information needs of the doctor and the cognitive characteristics of the elderly, resulting in a type of control sheet to be filled out by the patient and easily delivered to the doctor. To evaluate the effectiveness of this piece of design, a perception test and a PSSUQ questionnaire were implemented for the elderly. This evaluation showed that using this tool reduces the stress of the patient during the consultation and solves the cognitive load that he had to do to transmit said information to his treating doctor.
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Peacock, Brian, Chui Yoon Ping, Samuel Low, Phang Chun Kai, and Loh Sok Khim. "The Employment of Senior Citizens in Singapore." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001340.
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The employment of senior citizens is a global challenge of major proportions, and increasing apace. From the systems ergonomics perspective these challenges can be categorized and measured from physical, cognitive, social, affective, environmental or economic viewpoints. A series of studies is underway at SIM University, Singapore to evaluate the characteristics, capabilities, limitations and aspirations of senior citizens aged 55 – 75 with regard to their employment, and compare these with a cohort of younger counterparts. The first phase of this project measured physical capabilities including, size and shape, strength, speed, stamina, and motor skills. The results of these studies indicated that, whereas these variables showed some expected associations with age, they also showed very large individual differences, presumably related to disease, disuse, disinterest, inheritance and life history. The second phase of the study investigated the perceptions, using a Kano approach (must have, more the better and excitement categories), of older people with regard to their jobs on dimensions such as physical demands, technology demands, economics, relationships (with management, co workers and customers) and job environment. As predicted economic and relationship issues dominated the results, followed by physical and technology demands. The third phase was an objective approach to the physical and operational job demands using a “Job Physical Activity Sampling” approach. This analysis indicated widely varying sedentary and dynamic job demands. Finally guidelines are presented with regard to employment of elderly people to assure health, safety and satisfaction. These guidelines are categorized using a consensus based demand – strain model that addresses spatial, manipulation, environmental, manual materials handling and operational factors. Participants were also surveyed regarding their perceived fitness for work. The conclusion of the study was that age per se is not the main challenge; rather it is the correlates of age, such as disease, that stand in the way of gainful employment.
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Claxton, David. "An Environmental Response Handbook for BNFL Sites." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4518.
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The BNFL Group of Companies owns and operates a number of nuclear licensed sites worldwide. These cover fuel manufacture and reactor services, power reactors, spent fuel management, and nuclear decommissioning and clean-up. To implement its environmental policy, BNFL needs to have tools and techniques to permit it to respond appropriately to Environmental Trigger Events (ETEs). Similarly, BNFL needs to provide assurance that it is able to manage contaminated land in the short to medium term (prior to site closure) — although such tools/techniques could also be used afterward. To meet this challenge, BNFL has developed the Environmental Response Handbook (ERH), with the main themes of: • Global considerations for remediation on an operational site; • Detailed consideration of the application of remediation to the current ETE; • A maintained ‘toolkit’ of favoured remediation techniques; and • Case studies and action plans. The history of development of the ERH was presented at the Waste Management ’02 Conference. This paper builds on this previously presented information. It details the structure and operation of the ERH with reference to a case study. The case study is used to demonstrate how the ERH would be applied in practice.
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Ferreira Pereira a, Rogério, and Claudia do R. Vaz Morgado a. "Safety Analysis of the Deepwater Horizon Blowout Based on the Functional Resonance Analysis Model (FRAM)." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100178.
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The Functional Resonance Analysis Model (FRAM) defines a framework for accident analysis based on the systems theory and resilience engineering, making it more suitable for complex systems. The purpose of this article is the usage of FRAM to understand the variability in the process of offshore drilling in the Deepwater Horizon accident, and the variability that possibly might exist under other offshore drilling operations. The Deepwater Horizon accident in the Gulf of Mexico occurred when the Horizon ultra-deepwater semisubmersible oil drilling rig exploded and sank in the northern Gulf of Mexico on April 20, 2010, killing 11 crew members, injuring 17 others and initiating a huge marine oil spill. The Deepwater Horizon is one of the greatest environmental accidents in the history of oil. Recent demands for new discoveries and exploitation has led companies to challenge even deeper waters, as in the cases of companies in Brazil and South Africa indicating a need to better understand the overall drilling process to avoid accidents. Results of FRAM analysis of Deepwater Horizon accident show that functions "drilling" "cement placement" and "temporary abandonment" are main functions and they were not prepared to cope with process variability to ensure that processes involving diverse and complex enterprises were resilient enough to kept working when dealing with disturbances.
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de Wardt, John, Robert Wylie, Moray Laing, Matt Isbell, Karma Slusarchuk, Arnfinn Groette, and Scott Boone. "History, Disruptors and Future of Changing Well Construction Business Models." In IADC/SPE International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208776-ms.
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Abstract Advances in performance, digitalization, and automation create the environment for significant changes in well construction business models. Drilling contractors and suppliers are now better positioned to quantify the savings generated by their technology investments and define commercial structures that equitably share in the savings. This paper reviews disruptors driving non-traditional forms of contracting leading to a new value-driven business model based on a System of Systems architecture that meets industry needs. Disruptors driving new reward methods for technology providers are overcoming barriers resisting change such as status quo inertia, legal liability, and fear of sharing data. For example, new real-time systems enable remote operation expansion and improve operational alignment; digitalization and open data exchange create operational transparency across the complex well construction organization; process automation is being applied to multiple systems and is being scaled across equipment fleets. Organizational alignment to common value goals can be achieved through a System of Systems (SoS) architecture. This approach permits aligned and cascading outcome-based goals, including broader objectives like safety, environmental, social, and governance (ESG), to be recognized throughout the System of Systems which spans all operational elements. Two case studies are presented: one for short duration repetitive wells and one for longer duration offshore wells. Incentive style contracts have cycled through footage targets, "Drilling in the Nineties" style contracts, gainshare models, and even production enhancement/sharing contracts. Lump sum turnkey-style contracts have become established, and gainshare is making a comeback. Today, the changing landscape of digitized integration and automation from supplier investment creates an environment in which a high rate of change is becoming the norm. Modern incentive contracts, and other methods to invest in new technology based on aligned goals, are expected to increase in usage. As well delivery becomes more efficient using the new systems and tools, incentive contracts also enable ways to account for and exchange value. System of Systems architectures, leveraging those recent advancements, can provide an industry approach, at the higher levels, for improved application of common style incentive contracts. Crucially, the value can be quantifiably distributed, and new commercial value streams can be created and measured, driving new and adaptable business models. Capital asset-based contracting could become redundant in this new business and operational paradigm. System of Systems is a way of describing the digital and physical interconnectedness of well construction. It maps and manages how system elements interact to provide unique capabilities that none of the constituent systems can accomplish independently. System of Systems simplifies these complex processes and interactions of well construction with better organizational alignment.
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Vicente, José. "Vernacular Products: An Example to Circular Design." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002026.
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Throughout most mankind’s history our daily life artifacts have been designed, produced, and used with respect for social and environmental constrains and within the carrying capacity of ecosystems. Also, they have been created to fulfill tangible and specific needs (not desires) of individuals and communities to their daily tasks and have sustained a thorough process of evolution and adaptation to the cultural and environmental context and, so, have been perfected over time. It has been only with the technological and cultural changes implemented with the industrial revolution that several unbalances have been created in the relation between our material culture and the natural world. It stands to reason that there are lessons to be learned from those previous times, from their habits and, with a design perspective, from their products. This paper presents an analysis of vernacular objects identifying design features related to morphology, functionality, production, material, and use. This text presents as case study a set of vernacular objects from the rural life collection of the Portuguese National Museum of Ethnology. The analysis was made with support of literature, drawing and photography, and adapting some examples from previous studies of vernacular heritage and architecture. These products serve as example of the incorporation of circular product design strategies.
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Todorov, Deyan, Svetoslav Simeonov, and Petar Iankov. "THE BENEFITS OF THE COURSES IN SNOW SPORTS FOR THE STUDENTS OF THE NATIONAL SPORTS ACADEMY „VASSIL LEVSKI“." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/109.
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ABSTRACT The National Sports Academy “V. Levski” – the sports university of Bulgaria, has almost 80 years of history and state accreditation for the education of coaches in more than 76 sports, physical education teachers, kinesitherapy, and sport animation specialists. The course program includes a total of 12 hours of lectures, and 5 hours of practical seminars per day every day. The aim of our research was to study the influence of the “Snow Sports” course on the students from the National Sports Academy “V. Levski”, in terms of its social, psychological, physiological, training, and educational impact. Results: The research includes an inquiry with students who had already completed their education in the “Snow Sports” course, aged between 19 - 25. The greater part of them had no preliminary experience in Snow Sports, and they made their first steps in skiing and snowboarding at the course. However, after finishing the course, a great number of them chose to continue with additional education in snow sports. The students gave a positive self-evaluation of their physical and mental health after the end of the course, and they reported an improvement in their general well-being. The study also takes into account the acquired knowledge and skills in snow sports, in safety rules, and in environmental protection requirements. As a result, students gain confidence that they have developed new training and leadership qualities, giving them the opportunity to practice another new profession. On the basis of these results, we have reasons to assume, that this form of education in snow sports has a multi-aspectual impact on the students. This assumption strengthens our conviction, that snow sports could have a wide application, not only in the education and training of young people but also in their socialization.
Reports on the topic "Applied environmental history"
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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Heitman, Joshua L., Alon Ben-Gal, Thomas J. Sauer, Nurit Agam, and John Havlin. Separating Components of Evapotranspiration to Improve Efficiency in Vineyard Water Management. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594386.bard.
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Vineyards are found on six of seven continents, producing a crop of high economic value with much historic and cultural significance. Because of the wide range of conditions under which grapes are grown, management approaches are highly varied and must be adapted to local climatic constraints. Research has been conducted in the traditionally prominent grape growing regions of Europe, Australia, and the western USA, but far less information is available to guide production under more extreme growing conditions. The overarching goal of this project was to improve understanding of vineyard water management related to the critical inter-row zone. Experiments were conducted in moist temperate (North Carolina, USA) and arid (Negev, Israel) regions in order to address inter-row water use under high and low water availability conditions. Specific objectives were to: i) calibrate and verify a modeling technique to identify components of evapotranspiration (ET) in temperate and semiarid vineyard systems, ii) evaluate and refine strategies for excess water removal in vineyards for moist temperate regions of the Southeastern USA, and iii) evaluate and refine strategies for water conservation in vineyards for semi-arid regions of Israel. Several new measurement and modeling techniques were adapted and assessed in order to partition ET between favorable transpiration by the grapes and potentially detrimental water use within the vineyard inter-row. A micro Bowen ratio measurement system was developed to quantify ET from inter-rows. The approach was successful at the NC site, providing strong correlation with standard measurement approaches and adding capability for continuous, non-destructive measurement within a relatively small footprint. The environmental conditions in the Negev site were found to limit the applicability of the technique. Technical issues are yet to be solved to make this technique sufficiently robust. The HYDRUS 2D/3D modeling package was also adapted using data obtained in a series of intense field campaigns at the Negev site. The adapted model was able to account for spatial variation in surface boundary conditions, created by diurnal canopy shading, in order to accurately calculate the contribution of interrow evaporation (E) as a component of system ET. Experiments evaluated common practices in the southeastern USA: inter-row cover crops purported to reduce water availability and thereby favorably reduce grapevine vegetative growth; and southern Israel: drip irrigation applied to produce a high value crop with maximum water use efficiency. Results from the NC site indicated that water use by the cover crop contributed a significant portion of vineyard ET (up to 93% in May), but that with ample rainfall typical to the region, cover crop water use did little to limit water availability for the grape vines. A potential consequence, however, was elevated below canopy humidity owing to the increased inter-row evapotranspiration associated with the cover crops. This creates increased potential for fungal disease occurrence, which is a common problem in the region. Analysis from the Negev site reveals that, on average, E accounts for about10% of the total vineyard ET in an isolated dripirrigated vineyard. The proportion of ET contributed by E increased from May until just before harvest in July, which could be explained primarily by changes in weather conditions. While non-productive water loss as E is relatively small, experiments indicate that further improvements in irrigation efficiency may be possible by considering diurnal shading effects on below canopy potential ET. Overall, research provided both scientific and practical outcomes including new measurement and modeling techniques, and new insights for humid and arid vineyard systems. Research techniques developed through the project will be useful for other agricultural systems, and the successful synergistic cooperation amongst the research team offers opportunity for future collaboration.