Relevant bibliographies by topics / Applied agricultural sciences

Academic literature on the topic 'Applied agricultural sciences'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 July 2024
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Journal articles on the topic "Applied agricultural sciences":

1

Paul, P. K., R. R. Sinha, P. S. Aithal, Bashiru Aremu, and Ricardo Saavedra. "Agricultural Informatics: An Overview of Integration of Agricultural Sciences and Information Science." Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services 10, no. 1 (May 5, 2020): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ijiss-2020.10.1.2832.

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Information Science is an important field of study with the nature of Interdisciplinary Sciences. It is also called as Applied Sciences. The field also synonymously treated and considered as Informatics in different parts of the globe. The branch holds both practicing natures as well as the characteristics of a field of study. Due to its applicability in other subjects and different areas and new subjects have been created viz. Bio Informatics, Geo Informatics, Health Informatics, etc. Among the domain specific Informatics, one important is Agricultural Informatics. In general, it is considered that the applications of IT and Computing in different branches and subjects, societal areas is Information Science. Thus, the application of Computing Systems, Technologies and IT in the practicing field of agriculture and academic field of agriculture is called Agricultural Informatics or short Agro Informatics. However, the integration of techniques, technologies and methodologies of both the subjects viz. Informatics and Agriculture results in the origin of Agro Informatics. The analysis, management and processing of agricultural and allied data by the Computer and IT Systems may also be called as Agricultural Informatics. We know that Agriculture is dedicated to the production of food, feed, fiber and other products with the process of cultivation not only plants but also domesticated animals by various scientific methods. And, Agricultural Informatics thus dedicated to IT based solutions in complete Agro and allied areas. This research work is conceptual in nature and theoretical and demonstrates various features, functions, stakeholders, evolution, technologies, future of Agro Informatics and related branches as well. The paper also highlighted the basics of Agricultural Sciences and Information Science, to reach the goal and objective of the paper as well.
2

BUSANELLO, Marcos, Thiago Sergio de ANDRADE, Carolina Naves AROEIRA, and Carlos Tadeu dos Santos DIAS. "STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES APPLIED IN THREE JOURNALS OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES WITH A FOCUS ON ANIMAL SCIENCE." REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE BIOMETRIA 36, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.28951/rbb.v36i2.216.

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There are few previous studies that investigate the most used statistical techniques in animal science. Due to the large number of tools and methods available for statistical analysis, it is important to identify the most applied ones for this area of research. Therefore, we aimed to identify the use of different statistical techniques (designs, software and analysis) used in two Brazilian journals (Ciência Rural and Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia) and one international journal (Journal of Animal Science). In order to do this, scientific articles published during the years 2011 to 2015 were selected to form a database. Our article discusses the use of designs, software and analyses most commonly used in the journals studied. To study this, we used descriptive statistics and multivariate approaches. Completely randomized and randomized blocks design were the principal designs used in animal science. The SAS® software was the principal software used. Finally, analysis of variance was the principal statistical method, followed by regression analysis. There were no differences between the journals over time regarding the use of statistical analyses. The results highlight the importance of hypothesis testing within animal science.
3

Stival, Angela Helena Silva Mendes, Gilberto de Souza Iris Oliveira, Jessica Bezerra Bandeira, Josué Luiz Marinho Junior, Larissa da Silva Cintra, Patricia Cardoso Dias, Debora Portella Biz, and Augustus Caeser Franke Portella. "Multivariate Analysis Applied to Forestry Agricultural Sciences: The Model-Directed Study." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 11 (2018): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.5.11.31.

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4

Burks, Thomas, Adam Watson, Quentin Frederick, Kati Migliaccio, and Renfu Lu. "Frontier: Creating Parallel SmartAg Systems Certificate Programs for Engineering and Applied Science Graduate Students." Journal of the ASABE 66, no. 5 (2023): 1187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.15358.

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Highlights Integration of smart technology into applied agriculture and food production is needed by employers and academic programs. Two graduate certificate programs were designed for broad participation by both engineering and applied science students. One new ‘cornerstone’ course for each certificate was designed to link concepts of smart agriculture to discipline-specific material. Abstract. Population growth, rapid urbanization, epidemics, political instability, and resource constraints are contributing to disruptions in food supplies, while farm labor shortages, increasing input costs, disease and pest pressure, and federal regulations further reduce food security. The convergence of recent scientific (e.g., genomics) and engineering (e.g., smart sensors, robotics, artificial intelligence) technologies in agriculture have the potential to create more efficient, productive, sustainable, and resilient food systems. Yet, this fusion of agricultural practices with modern, information-based technologies requires a trained workforce that includes engineers, scientists, and production personnel to develop and apply solutions to address critical challenges in agriculture and natural resources. In response to these needs and discussions amongst experts in the field, faculty in the Agricultural and Biological Engineering (ABE) Department at the University of Florida developed two graduate certificates to provide specialized training for students interested in technical careers in agriculture. The ABE faculty have expertise in the application of innovative technology in agricultural and food systems and are uniquely positioned to develop curricula for broader audiences in engineering and agricultural sciences. These smart agriculture (SmartAg) certificates provide students with a curated sequence of required courses in addition to elective courses in an area of their interest. Students in the Engineered SmartAg Certificate (Eng_SmartAg) design, integrate, and implement hardware and software solutions, while science students in the Applied Methods for SmartAg Systems (App_SmartAg), including operators, managers, and technologists, apply solutions from existing systems and components. This article presents the curriculum and certificate development processes in different stages. We start with motivations, program needs, and highlight key discussions amongst experts in the agricultural engineering field that led to the conceptualization of the certificates. Next, we discuss two new integral courses that were developed for each certificate and describe course objectives, curriculum maps, projects, and key assessments. We then describe the process for certificate program assessment, detailing their program missions, alignment, goals, and student learning outcomes, as well as assessment plans and approaches to course evaluation and program improvement. We summarize feedback provided by students enrolled in the first cohorts of these courses and discuss changes and revisions to facilitate student learning opportunities, improve instructional effectiveness, and strengthen the courses and certificates. Finally, we discuss the early challenges in launching both certificates and future plans to market, advertise, and attract students and professionals from different engineering disciplines and agricultural backgrounds interested in agriculture and food system innovations. Keywords: Keywords., Course evaluation, Curriculum design, Graduate certificate program, Smart agriculture.
5

Fox, Glenn, Robert E. Evenson, and Vernon W. Ruttan. "Balancing basic and applied science: the case of agricultural research." BioScience 37, no. 7 (July 1987): 507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310423.

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6

Moore, Matthew, and Lee-Ann Jaykus. "Virus–Bacteria Interactions: Implications and Potential for the Applied and Agricultural Sciences." Viruses 10, no. 2 (February 2, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10020061.

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7

Paul, P. K., R. R. Sinha, P. S. Aithal, Ricardo Saavedra, and Bashiru Aremu. "Agro Informatics with Reference to Features, Functions and Emergence as a Discipline in Agricultural Sciences: An Analysis." Asian Review of Civil Engineering 9, no. 1 (May 5, 2020): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/tarce-2020.9.1.2290.

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There are many interdisciplinary subjects worldwide and this trend is growing rapidly. Among these subjects, one of the important is Agricultural Information Science. Information Science deals with the nature of Interdisciplinary Sciences and also falls under the category of Applied Sciences. The field is very much synonymously and treated as equal to Informatics in some countries. The branch therefore also called as Agro Informatics and consists with both practicing nature and as a field of study. The applications of IT and Computing in other subjects and areas led to the development of other subjects such as Bio Informatics, Geo Informatics, Health Informatics, etc. Agricultural Informatics is growing rapidly and emerging as a field internationally in many countries. IT and computing applications in different areas, sectors and subjects including societal areas are considered as Information Science. Thus, Agricultural Informatics is socially connected or touched. Thus, the applications of Computing including the latest technologies in agriculture and allied areas treated as Agricultural Informatics. Though it is the application of more than technologies and includes the techniques, methodologies, procedure, etc into Agriculture. Agricultural Informatics is the analysis, management and processing of agricultural data with the help of IT Systems. Agriculture is also an interdisciplinary field and responsible for cultivating or producing the food, feed, fiber, corn, various plants, vegetables including the domesticated animals with scientific methods. Agricultural Informatics is therefore an interdisciplinary area combines with both Agricultural Sciences and allied areas with IT & Computing. This paper is theoretical as well as conceptual in nature and deals with mainly various aspects of Agricultural Informatics viz. foundation, nature and characteristics, role and functions in detail. It also briefly explores about the stakeholders and technologies of Agro Informatics.
8

Paulz, P. K., R. R. Sinha, P. S. Aithal, Ricardo Saavedra, and Bashiru Aremu. "Agro Informatics with Reference to Features, Functions and Emergence as a Discipline in Agricultural Sciences: An Analysis." Asian Journal of Information Science and Technology 10, no. 1 (May 5, 2020): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajist-2020.10.1.298.

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There are many interdisciplinary subjects worldwide and this trend is growing rapidly. Among these subjects, one of the important is Agricultural Information Science. Information Science deals with the nature of Interdisciplinary Sciences and falls under the category of Applied Sciences. The field is very much synonymously and treated as equal to Informatics in some countries. The branch therefore also called as Agro Informatics and consists with both practicing nature and as a field of study. The applications of IT and Computing in other subjects and areas led to the development of other subjects such as Bio Informatics, Geo Informatics, Health Informatics, etc. Agricultural Informatics is growing rapidly and emerging as a field internationally in many countries. IT and computing applications in different areas, sectors and subjects including societal areas are considered as Information Science. Thus, Agricultural Informatics is socially connected or touched. Thus, the applications of Computing including the latest technologies in agriculture and allied areas treated as Agricultural Informatics. Though it is the application of more than technologies and includes the techniques, methodologies, procedure, etc into Agriculture. Agricultural Informatics is the analysis, management, and processing of agricultural data with the help of IT Systems. Agriculture is also an interdisciplinary field and responsible for cultivating or producing the food, feed, fiber, corn, various plants, vegetables including the domesticated animals with scientific methods. Agricultural Informatics is therefore an interdisciplinary area combines with both Agricultural Sciences and allied areas with IT & Computing. This paper is theoretical as well as conceptual in nature and deals with mainly various aspects of Agricultural Informatics viz. foundation, nature and characteristics, role and functions in detail. It also briefly explores about the stakeholders and technologies of Agro Informatics.
9

Ding, Weiting, Jialu Li, Heyang Ma, Yeru Wu, and Hailong He. "Science Mapping of Meta-Analysis in Agricultural Science." Information 14, no. 11 (November 11, 2023): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14110611.

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As a powerful statistical method, meta-analysis has been applied increasingly in agricultural science with remarkable progress. However, meta-analysis research reports in the agricultural discipline still need to be systematically combed. Scientometrics is often used to quantitatively analyze research on certain themes. In this study, the literature from a 30-year period (1992–2021) was retrieved based on the Web of Science database, and a quantitative analysis was performed using the VOSviewer and CiteSpace visual analysis software packages. The objective of this study was to investigate the current application of meta-analysis in agricultural sciences, the latest research hotspots, and trends, and to identify influential authors, research institutions, countries, articles, and journal sources. Over the past 30 years, the volume of the meta-analysis literature in agriculture has increased rapidly. We identified the top three authors (Sauvant D, Kebreab E, and Huhtanen P), the top three contributing organizations (Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Institute for Agricultural Research, and Northwest A&F University), and top three productive countries (the USA, China, and France). Keyword cluster analysis shows that the meta-analysis research in agricultural sciences falls into four categories: climate change, crop yield, soil, and animal husbandry. Jeffrey (2011) is the most influential and cited research paper, with the highest utilization rate for the Journal of Dairy Science. This paper objectively evaluates the development of meta-analysis in the agricultural sciences using bibliometrics analysis, grasps the development frontier of agricultural research, and provides insights into the future of related research in the agricultural sciences.
10

ŞAHİN KOÇAK, Ayşegül. "HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN TURKEY AND THE WORLD: TAXES APPLIED AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO THE ECONOMY." SOCIAL SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 8, no. 40 (November 15, 2023): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31567/ssd.1035.

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The agricultural sector is the main economic activity for countries that meet the nutritional needs of people for their survival, are of vital importance and cannot be replaced by any other source. Issues such as meeting the food needs of the increasing population, protecting natural resources and ensuring food safety increase the importance of the agricultural sector. Agriculture is the main resource of a country. Compared to other sectors, it is the first sector that should be supported in the development process, both in terms of meeting food needs appropriately and as a source of income. In this study, information is given about the historical development of agriculture in the world and in Turkey, the share of agriculture in GDP, its contribution to the economy and finally the taxes applied in agriculture, and information is given about the tax exemptions provided by the state and encouraging the agricultural sector. Within the scope of this information, an evaluation has been made about the taxes that the state will apply to the agricultural sector.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Applied agricultural sciences":

1

Filling, Julia. "Human Urine : can it be applied as fertilizer in agricultural systems?" Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18029.

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In cities today, vast amounts of nutrients are being wasted. Improvement in nutrient management within agriculture can contribute to a more sustainable society. Reusing nutrients in agriculture could aid in creating a more circular system, where organic fertilizers can be used instead of chemical fertilizers. Urine is a liquid which has a high nutrient content. According to the Swedish environmental protection agency, human urine can replace mineral fertilizers, by using methods such as source separation, where urine is divided from faeces. This is a cheap, effective and sustainable fertilizer management system that can be easily achieved. In this study, urine fertilizers were compared with ecological and conventional fertilizers (NPK and cow manure). The study examined the effect of different urine fertilizers compared with organic and inorganic ones on plant growth, nutrient content, pH value and microbial growth. The plant growth experiment was carried out in the greenhouse facilities in Alnarp, Sweden. The results from the experiment show that cow manure has a better outcome when it comes to plant growth, but Aurin, one of the urine fertilizers, had the highest uptake of nitrate. Non-diluted urine had a stable result in all analyses. According to this study human urine is a fertilizer which can be used in crop cultivation systems, and can deliver good agricultural results.
2

Zapata, Isain. "Development of High Throughput One Dimensional Proteomics for the Analysis of Meat and Muscle." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1324411963.

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3

Clough, Tim J. "Fate of urine nitrogen applied to peat and mineral soils from grazed pastures." Lincoln University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1030.

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This study has provided fundamental information on the fate of urine nitrogen (N) when applied to pasture soils. In this work the three pasture soils used were a Bruntwood silt loam (BW), an old well-developed (lime and fertilizer incorporated and farmed for more than 20 years) peat soil (OP) and a young peat (YP) which was less developed (farmed for about 10 years). Initial soil chemical and physical measurements revealed that the peat soils were acidic, had higher cation exchange capacities, had greater carbon:nitrogen ratios and were better buffered against changes in soil pH than the BW soil. However, the BW soil was more fertile with a higher pH. The peat soils had lower bulk densities and higher porosities. Four experiments were performed. In the first experiment ¹⁵N-labelled urine was applied at 500 kg N ha⁻¹ to intact soil cores of the three soils. Treatments imposed were the presence and absence of a water table at two temperatures, 8°C or 23° C, over 11-14 weeks. ¹⁵N budgets were determined. This first experiment showed that the nitrification rate was faster in the BW soil and was retarded with a water table present. Significant leaching of nitrate occurred at 8°C in the BW soil without a water table. This was reduced when a water table was present. Leaching losses of urine-N were lower in the peat soils than in the BW soil. Apparent denitrification losses (i.e. calculated on a total-N recovery basis) ranged from 18 to 48 % of the ¹⁵N-applied with the greatest losses occurring in the peat soils. The second experiment examined denitrification losses, over 30 days, following the application of synthetic urine-N at 420 kg N ha⁻¹ to small soil cores situated in growth cabinets. The effects of temperature (8°C or 18°C) and synthetic urine (presence or absence) were measured on the BW and OP soils. Nitrous oxide (N₂0) measurements were taken from all soil cores and a sub-set of soil cores, at 18°C, had ¹⁵N-labelled synthetic urine-N applied so that ¹⁵N-labelled nitrogen gases could be monitored. This experiment showed that the application of synthetic urine and increased soil temperature enhanced denitrification losses from both soils. Denitrification losses, at 18°C, as ¹⁵N-labelled nitrogen gases accounted for 24 to 39 % of the nitrogen applied. Nitrous oxide comprised less than half of this denitrification loss. Losses of N₂0 in leachate samples from the soil cores accounted for less than 0.1 % of the nitrogen applied. A third experiment, using Iysimeters, was performed over a 150 day period in the field. The six treatments consisted of the 3 soils with applied synthetic urine, with or without a simulated water table; each replicated three times. Lysimeters were installed in the field at ground level and ¹⁵N-labelled synthetic urine-N was applied (500 kg N ha⁻¹) on June 4 1992 (day 1). Nitrification rates differed between the soils following the trend noticed in the first experiment. As in the first experiment, nitrate was only detected in the leachate from the BW soil and the inclusion of a water table reduced the concentration of nitrate. In the BW soil, the leachate nitrate concentrations exceeded the World Health Organisation's recommended limit (< 10 mg N L-1) regardless of water table treatment. No nitrate was detected in the leachates from the peat soils but there was some leaching of organic-N (< 5 % of N added) in all the peat soil treatments. Denitrification losses were monitored for the first 100 days of the experiment. In the BW soil without a water table, N₂0 production peaked at approximately day 20 and accounted for 3 % of the nitrogen applied. In the peat soils the measured denitrification losses accounted for less than 1 % of the nitrogen applied. Apparent denitrification losses in the peats were, however, calculated to be approximately 50 % of the ¹⁵N-labelled synthetic urine-N applied. It is postulated that the difference between apparent denitrification losses and those measured could have been due to; loss of dinitrogen in leachate, protracted production of dinitrogen below detectable limits, production of denitrification gases after measurements ceased (i.e. days 100 to 150) and entrapment of dinitrogen in soil cores. Due to the apparent denitrification losses being so high, further research into this nitrogen loss pathway was performed. The fourth and final experiment measured denitrification directly using highly enriched (50 atom %) ¹⁵N-labelled synthetic urine-N. It was performed in a growth cabinet held initially at 8°C. The ¹⁵N-labelled synthetic urine was applied at 500 kg N ha⁻¹ to small soil cores of each soil type. Fluxes of N₂0 and ¹⁵N-labelled gases were measured daily for 59 days. On day 42 the temperature of the growth cabinet was increased to 12°C in an attempt to simulate the mean soil temperature at the end of the field experiment. Up to this time, production of nitrogenous gases from the YP soil had been very low. Interpretation of gaseous nitrogen loss in the YP soil was difficult due to the possibility of chemodenitrification occurring. However, in the OP and BW soils, gaseous losses of nitrogen (determined as ¹⁵N-labelled gas) represented 16 and 7 % of the nitrogen applied respectively. Nitrous oxide comprised approximately half of this gaseous nitrogen loss, in both the OP and BW soils. This work implies that urine-N applied to the mineral soil (BW) could potentially threaten the quality of ground water due to nitrate contamination through leaching. In contrast, denitrification appears to be the major loss mechanism from the peat soils, with the production of nitrous oxide being the primary focus for any environmental concern. Future work should examine the fate of the nitrate leached from the BW soil and the potential for dilution, plant uptake or denitrification below a 30 cm soil depth. A better understanding of the denitrification mechanisms could help reduce denitrification and thereby improve the efficiency of nitrogen use and reduce the output of nitrous oxide.
4

Jiang, Shuang. "Bacterial leaching from dairy shed effluent applied to a fine sandy loam under flood and spray irrigations." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/668.

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Land application of wastes has become increasingly popular, to promote nutrient recycling and environmental protection, with soil functioning as a partial barrier between wastes and groundwater. Dairy shed effluent (DSE), may contain a wide variety of pathogenic micro-organisms, including bacteria (e.g. Salmonella paratyphyi, Escherichia coli. and Campylobacter), protozoa and viruses. Groundwater pathogen contamination resulting from land-applied DSE is drawing more attention with the intensified development of the dairy farm industry in New Zealand. The purpose of this research was to investigate the fate and transport of bacterial indicator-faecal coliform (FC) from land-applied DSE under different irrigation practices via field lysimeter studies, using two water irrigation methods (flood and sprinkler) with contrasting application rates, through the 2005-2006 irrigation season. It was aimed at better understanding, quantifying and modelling of the processes that govern the removal of microbes in intact soil columns, bridging the gap between previous theoretical research and general farm practices, specifically for Templeton soil. This study involved different approaches (leaching experiments, infiltrometer measurements and a dye infiltration study) to understand the processes of transient water flow and bacterial transport; and to extrapolate the relationships between bacterial transport and soil properties (like soil structure, texture), and soil physical status (soil water potential ψ and volumetric water content θ). Factors controlling FC transport are discussed. A contaminant transport model, HYDRUS-1D, was applied to simulate microbial transport through soil on the basis of measured datasets. This study was carried out at Lincoln University’s Centre for Soil and Environmental Quality (CSEQ) lysimeter site. Six lysimeters were employed in two trials. Each trial involved application of DSE, followed by a water irrigation sequence applied in a flux-controlled method. The soil columns were taken from the site of the new Lincoln University Dairy Farm, Lincoln, Canterbury. The soil type is Templeton fine sandy loam (Udic-Ustochrept, coarse loamy, mixed, mesic). Vertical profiles (at four depths) of θ and ψ were measured during leaching experiments. The leaching experiments directly measured concentrations of chemical tracer (Br⁻ or Cl⁻) and FC in drainage. Results showed that bacteria could readily penetrate through 700 mm deep soil columns, when facilitated by water flow. In the first (summer) trial, FC in leachate as high as 1.4×10⁶ cfu 100 mL⁻¹ (similar to the DSE concentration), was detected in one lysimeter that had a higher clay content in the topsoil, immediately after DSE application, and before any water irrigation. This indicates that DSE flowed through preferential flow paths without significant treatment or reduction in concentrations. The highest post-irrigation concentration was 3.4×10³ cfu 100 mL⁻¹ under flood irrigation. Flood irrigation resulted in more bacteria and Br⁻ leaching than spray irrigation. In both trials (summer and autumn) results showed significant differences between irrigation treatments in lysimeters sharing similar drainage class (moderate or moderately rapid). Leaching bacterial concentration was positively correlated with both θ and ψ, and sometimes drainage rate. Greater bacterial leaching was found in the one lysimeter with rapid whole-column effective hydraulic conductivity, Keff, for both flood and spray treatments. Occasionally, the effect of Keff on water movement and bacterial transport overrode the effect of irrigation. The ‘seasonal condition’ of the soil (including variation in initial water content) also influenced bacterial leaching, with less risk of leaching in autumn than in summer. A tension infiltrometer experiment measured hydraulic conductivity of the lysimeters at zero and 40 mm suction. The results showed in most cases a significant correlation between the proportion of bacteria leached and the flow contribution of the macropores. The higher the Ksat, the greater the amount of drainage and bacterial leaching obtained. This research also found that this technique may exclude the activity of some continuous macropores (e.g., cracks) due to the difference of initial wetness which could substantially change the conductivity and result in more serious bacterial leaching in this Templeton soil. A dye infiltration study showed there was great variability in water flow patterns, and most of the flow reaching deeper than 50 cm resulted from macropores, mainly visible cracks. The transient water flow and transport of tracer (Br⁻) and FC were modelled using the HYDRUS-1D software package. The uniform flow van Genuchten model, and the dual-porosity model were used for water flow and the mobile-immobile (MIM) model was used for tracer and FC transport. The hydraulic and solute parameters were optimized during simulation, on the basis of measured datasets from the leaching experiments. There was evidence supporting the presence of macropores, based on the water flow in the post-DSE application stage. The optimised saturated water content (θs) decreased during the post-application process, which could be explained in terms of macropore flow enhanced by irrigation. Moreover, bacterial simulation showed discrepancies in all cases of uniform flow simulations at the very initial stage, indicating that non-equilibrium processes were dominant during those short periods, and suggesting that there were strong dynamic processes involving structure change and subsequently flow paths. It is recommended that management strategies to reduce FC contamination following application of DSE in these soils must aim to decrease preferential flow by adjusting irrigation schemes. Attention needs to be given to a) decreasing irrigation rates at the beginning of each irrigation; b) increasing the number of irrigations, by reducing at the same time the amount of water applied and the irrigation rate at each irrigation; c) applying spray irrigation rather than flood irrigation.
5

Leathwick, D. M. "Applied ecology of the Tasmanian lacewing Micromus tasmaniae Walker (Neuroptera : Hemerodiidae)." Lincoln College, University of Canterbury, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1044.

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The Tasmanian lacewing (Micromus tasmaniae Walker) is one of the most common aphid predators occurring in lucerne crops in New Zealand. A comparison of sampling techniques, and the output from a simulation model, suggest that the abundance of this lacewing may have been significantly underestimated in the past. Although the occurrence of aphid predators was erratic M. tasmaniae occurred more often and in far greater numbers (up to 100 m⁻²) than any other predator species. A simulation model for lacewing development in the field indicated that the large adult populations which occurred could be accounted for on the basis of reproductive recruitment. Independent evidence that immigration was not involved in the occurrence of these large populations was gathered using directional flight traps around the field perimeter. The major factors influencing lacewing population dynamics were the availability of aphid prey and, in the autumn, parasitism. Otherwise, survival of all life-histoty stages was high with no evidence of egg or larval cannibalism. Several instances of high lacewing mortality were identified by the model and the lack of any obvious cause for these highlights inadequacies in the understanding of lacewing bionomics. The model, which used a linear relationship (day-degrees) between development and temperature, was incapable of accurately predicting lacewing emergence under field temperatures which fluctuated outside the linear region of the development rate curve. Temperature thresholds and thermal requirements estimated under fluctuating temperatures similar to those in the field produced almost identical model output to those estimated under constant temperatures in the laboratory. Prey species was capable of influencing the rate of lacewing development. M. tasmaniae has the attributes necessary to produce large populations in the short time available between lucerne harvests. The asymptote of the functional response curve is low but the efficiency at converting aphids to eggs is high. Therefore, the lacewing is able to attain maximun reproductive output at low prey densities. A low temperature threshold for development (4-5° C), rapid development and short preoviposition period results in a short generation time (49 days at 15° C). Long adult life, high fecundity and the absence of any form of estivation or diapause, results in complete overlap of generations and multiple generations per year. M. tasmaniae's role as an aphid predator is restricted by its low appetite for prey and by the lucerne management regime currently practiced in New Zealand. Because it consumes relatively few aphids per day the lacewing's ability to destroy large aphid populations is limited. However, this may be offset by its ability to attack aphids early in the aphid population growth phase, and by the large numbers of lacewings which may occur. Under the present lucerne management schemes the large lacewing populations which do occur are forced out of the fields, or die, following harvest. A number of management options for increasing the lacewings impact as an aphid predator are briefly discussed.
6

Nguyen, Thanh Le Vi. "Local Binary Pattern based algorithms for the discrimination and detection of crops and weeds with similar morphologies." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2359.

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In cultivated agricultural fields, weeds are unwanted species that compete with the crop plants for nutrients, water, sunlight and soil, thus constraining their growth. Applying new real-time weed detection and spraying technologies to agriculture would enhance current farming practices, leading to higher crop yields and lower production costs. Various weed detection methods have been developed for Site-Specific Weed Management (SSWM) aimed at maximising the crop yield through efficient control of weeds. Blanket application of herbicide chemicals is currently the most popular weed eradication practice in weed management and weed invasion. However, the excessive use of herbicides has a detrimental impact on the human health, economy and environment. Before weeds are resistant to herbicides and respond better to weed control strategies, it is necessary to control them in the fallow, pre-sowing, early post-emergent and in pasture phases. Moreover, the development of herbicide resistance in weeds is the driving force for inventing precision and automation weed treatments. Various weed detection techniques have been developed to identify weed species in crop fields, aimed at improving the crop quality, reducing herbicide and water usage and minimising environmental impacts. In this thesis, Local Binary Pattern (LBP)-based algorithms are developed and tested experimentally, which are based on extracting dominant plant features from camera images to precisely detecting weeds from crops in real time. Based on the efficient computation and robustness of the first LBP method, an improved LBP-based method is developed based on using three different LBP operators for plant feature extraction in conjunction with a Support Vector Machine (SVM) method for multiclass plant classification. A 24,000-image dataset, collected using a testing facility under simulated field conditions (Testbed system), is used for algorithm training, validation and testing. The dataset, which is published online under the name “bccr-segset”, consists of four subclasses: background, Canola (Brassica napus), Corn (Zea mays), and Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). In addition, the dataset comprises plant images collected at four crop growth stages, for each subclass. The computer-controlled Testbed is designed to rapidly label plant images and generate the “bccr-segset” dataset. Experimental results show that the classification accuracy of the improved LBP-based algorithm is 91.85%, for the four classes. Due to the similarity of the morphologies of the canola (crop) and wild radish (weed) leaves, the conventional LBP-based method has limited ability to discriminate broadleaf crops from weeds. To overcome this limitation and complex field conditions (illumination variation, poses, viewpoints, and occlusions), a novel LBP-based method (denoted k-FLBPCM) is developed to enhance the classification accuracy of crops and weeds with similar morphologies. Our contributions include (i) the use of opening and closing morphological operators in pre-processing of plant images, (ii) the development of the k-FLBPCM method by combining two methods, namely, the filtered local binary pattern (LBP) method and the contour-based masking method with a coefficient k, and (iii) the optimal use of SVM with the radial basis function (RBF) kernel to precisely identify broadleaf plants based on their distinctive features. The high performance of this k-FLBPCM method is demonstrated by experimentally attaining up to 98.63% classification accuracy at four different growth stages for all classes of the “bccr-segset” dataset. To evaluate performance of the k-FLBPCM algorithm in real-time, a comparison analysis between our novel method (k-FLBPCM) and deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) is conducted on morphologically similar crops and weeds. Various DCNN models, namely VGG-16, VGG-19, ResNet50 and InceptionV3, are optimised, by fine-tuning their hyper-parameters, and tested. Based on the experimental results on the “bccr-segset” dataset collected from the laboratory and the “fieldtrip_can_weeds” dataset collected from the field under practical environments, the classification accuracies of the DCNN models and the k-FLBPCM method are almost similar. Another experiment is conducted by training the algorithms with plant images obtained at mature stages and testing them at early stages. In this case, the new k-FLBPCM method outperformed the state-of-the-art CNN models in identifying small leaf shapes of canola-radish (crop-weed) at early growth stages, with an order of magnitude lower error rates in comparison with DCNN models. Furthermore, the execution time of the k-FLBPCM method during the training and test phases was faster than the DCNN counterparts, with an identification time difference of approximately 0.224ms per image for the laboratory dataset and 0.346ms per image for the field dataset. These results demonstrate the ability of the k-FLBPCM method to rapidly detect weeds from crops of similar appearance in real time with less data, and generalize to different size plants better than the CNN-based methods.
7

O'Connor, Katrina Marie. "The ecological footprint of international tourists in New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Natural Resource Management at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1124.

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Ecological Footprint Analysis (EFA) is a technique that was first developed by Wackernagel as a Ph.D. thesis in 1994, then further developed in combination with Rees and published (Rees & Wackernagel, 1995). EFA is employed in this study to assess the resource utilisation of international tourists visiting New Zealand. Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world and the ecological sustainability of tourism is becoming more important term for managing tourism. This is becoming increasingly important with tourism identified as particularly as a significant contributor to carbon emissions. This study uses EFA to assess whether international tourists visiting New Zealand behave in a sustainable manner. Tourists are surveyed and classed into high, mid and low budget tourist types to gain a detailed account of their behaviour with particular reference to food, accommodation, transport, services, activities attractions, goods and waste. The EFA helps to identify areas of a tourist’s trip that have the greatest impact on the environment, thereby identifying ways to improve the sustainability of tourism in New Zealand. It was found that tourists generally consume more whilst on holiday than they do at home and more than New Zealand residents. The results show that international tourists’ behaviour is sustainable and New Zealand has the ecological carrying capacity to allow the number of international tourists to increase without incurring any significant ecological costs to the country. It was found that there is a positive relationship between ‘high’ income tourists and their ecological footprint and that independent travellers have a larger ecological footprint than the package travellers; however, package travellers have a larger food and housing ecological footprint than independent travellers. The energy footprint was the largest out of the six land types of a tourist’s ecological footprint. Food is the consumption category that is the largest contributor to a tourist’s ecological footprint.
8

Steiner, Laure D. "A Study of the fate and transport of estrogenic hormones in dairy effluent applied to pasture soils." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1306.

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The disposal of waste from agricultural activities has been recognised as a source of environmental contamination by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The New Zealand dairy industry produces a large volume of dairy farm effluent, which contains EDCs in the form of estrogens. Most of this dairy farm effluent is applied onto the land for disposal. Groundwater and soil contamination by estrogens following waste application on the land have been reported overseas, but our understanding of the processes and factors governing the fate of estrogens in the soil is poor. Therefore the main goal of the present study was to better understand the fate and transport of estrogens, in particular 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) in soil. In order to quantify E1 and E2 in drainage water and soil samples, chemical analysis by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) was carried out. This included sample extraction, sample clean-up through silica gel and gel permeation chromatography, and sample extract derivatisation prior to analysis. In order to develop a reliable method to extract estrogens from soil, research was conducted to optimise E1 and E2 extraction conditions by adjusting the number of sonication and shaking events, as well as the volume and type of solvent. Among five solvents and solvent mixtures tested, the best recovery on spiked and aged soil was obtained using an isopropanol/water (1:1) mix. A microcosm experiment was carried out to determine the dissipation rates of E2 and E1, at 8°C and at field capacity, in the Templeton soil sampled at two different depths (5-10 cm and 30-35 cm). The dissipation rates decreased with time and half-life values of 0.6-0.8 d for E1 and 0.3-0.4 d for E2 were found for the two depths studied. A field transport experiment was also carried out in winter, over three months, by applying dairy farm effluent spiked with estrogens onto undisturbed Templeton soil lysimeters (50 cm in diameter and 70 cm deep). The hormones were applied in dairy farm effluent at 120 mg m⁻² for E2 and 137 mg m⁻² for E1. The results of the transport experiment showed that in the presence of preferential/macropore flow pathways 0.3-0.7% of E2 and 8-13% of E1 was recovered in the leachate at the bottom of the lysimeters after 3 months, and 1-7% of the recovered E2 and 3-54% of the recovered E1 was leached within 2 days of application. These results suggest that leaching of estrogens via preferential/macropore flow pathways is the greatest concern for groundwater contamination. In the absence of preferential/macropore flow pathways, a significant amount (> 99.94%) of both hormones dissipated in the top 70 cm of soil, due to sorption and rapid biodegradation. Surprisingly, in all cases, estrogen breakthrough occurred before that of an inert tracer (bromide). This could not be explained by the advection-dispersion transport of estrogens, nor by their presence as antecedent concentrations in the soil. It was therefore suggested that colloidal enhanced transport of estrogens was responsible for the earlier breakthrough of estrogens and caused the leaching of a fraction of the applied estrogens to a soil depth of 70 cm. A two-phase model, adapted from a state-space mixing cell model, was built to describe the observed estrogen transport processes under transient flow. The model takes into account 3 transport processes namely, advection-dispersion, preferential/macropore flow and colloidal enhanced transport. This model was able to successfully describe the estrogen transport observed from the lysimeters.
9

Powae, Wayne Ishmael. "Fair trade coffee supply chains in the highlands of Papua New Guinea : do they give higher returns to smallholders? : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1413.

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This research focussed on Fair Trade (FT) coffee supply chains in Papua New Guinea. Three research questions were asked. First, do small holders in the FT chains receive higher returns than the smallholders in the conventional chains? Secondly, if smallholders in the FT coffee chains receive higher returns from their coffee than the smallholders in the conventional chains, what are the sources of these higher returns? Finally, if smallholders in the FT chains don't receive higher returns than in the conventional chains, what are the constraints to smallholders receiving higher returns from the FT coffee chains than the conventional chains? A conceptual framework for agribusiness supply chain was developed that was used to guide the field work. A comparative case study methodology was selcted as an appropriate method for eliciting the required information. Four case study chains were selected. A paired FT and conventional coffee chains from Okapa and another paired FT and conventional chains from Kainantu districts, Eastern Highlands Province were selected for the study. The research found that smallholders in the FT chains and vonventional chains receive very similar prices for their coffee (parchment price equivalent). Hence, there was no evidence that smallholders in the FT chains received higher prices or returns from their coffee production than smallholders in conventional chains. This study also found that there was no evidence of FLO certification improving returns to smallholders in the FT chains over those returns received in the conventional chains, but the community that the FT smallholder producers come from did benefit. The sources of these community benefits lies in the shorter FT chains and the distributions of the margin that would have been otherwise made by processors to producers, exporters and the community. In addition, this study found that constraints associated with value creation are similar in all the four chains studies. However, there are some added hurdles for the FT chains in adhering to FT and organic coffee standards. Moreover, FT co-oeratives lacked capacity to trade and their only functions were to help with FLO certification and distribute the FT premium to the community. The findings of this research support some aspects of the literature, but not others. The research contribution is the finding that in this period of high conventional coffee prices, returns to smallholders from FT chains were no bettter than the returns gained in conventional chains, which leads to oppotunism and lack of loyalty by smallholders in the FT chains. The other contribution of this research is in identifying a particular type of free rider who is not a member of the FT co-operative but has right to the community benefits generated by the FT chain.
10

Tungale, Rose. "Livelihoods and customary marine resource management under customary marine tenure : case studies in the Solomon Islands : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science in International Rural Development at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/861.

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In many ways, coastal marine resources have provided an important source of protein, income and even employment for coastal rural Solomon Islands communities. Fishing, for instance, has always played a very important role in these communities' culture and tradition. Subsistence fishing is traditional in most rural coastal communities. Small-scale fishing is also wide-spread. Traditionally marine areas and resources were managed by the custodians of the adjacent land and the traditional leaders in some local communities. While small-scale fisheries are managed by the Government, much of the enforcement responsibility is in the hands of the community leaders, given the realities of what that Government can provide. This research has explored the interaction between rural coastal livelihoods and marine resource management under Customary Marine Tenure (CMT) in one area of Temotu Province, Solomon Islands. Specifically the research seeks to explore, explain and describe how the livelihoods of the rural coastal villagers influence the use, access and management of marine resources and vice versa. Particular attention has been given to: first exploring the traditional marine resource management under CMT and livelihoods in the three villages; second, how the changes in the villagers' livelihoods system affects the customary marine resource management in the three case study villages; third, how changes in customary marine resource management influences the livelihoods of the villagers and finally the nature of the relationship between livelihoods and customary marine resource management is described for the first time for this part of the Solomon Islands. The research results showed that villagers' livelihoods have changed over the past decade and much of these changes have affected the customary marine resource management in the three case study villages. Consequently, customary marine resource management under CMT is no longer effective. The changes in customary marine resource also have implications on the villagers' livelihoods. For this reason the study argues that when trying to understand the factors affecting customary marine resource, the entire livelihoods system of the people should be considered. The study states that the nature of the interactions between livelihoods and customary marine resource management is a two-way relationship, dynamic and very complex. Should there be further marine resource development, the study suggests that understanding the livelihoods of the people concerned is important for better management.
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Books on the topic "Applied agricultural sciences":

1

Glaz, Barry, and Kathleen M. Yeater, eds. Applied Statistics in Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/appliedstatistics.

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(Firm), Peterson's. Peterson's graduate programs in engineering & applied sciences 2017. Albany, NY: Peterson's Publishing, 2016.

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(Firm), Peterson's. Peterson's graduate programs in engineering & applied sciences 2016. Albany, NY: Peterson's Publishing, 2015.

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1956-, Swihart Robert K., and Moore Jeffrey E. 1974-, eds. Conserving biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: Model-based planning tools. West Lafayette, Ind: Purdue University Press, 2004.

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Kamihira, Masamichi. Basic and Applied Aspects: Proceedings of the 21st Annual and International Meeting of the Japanese Association for Animal Cell Technology (JAACT), Fukuoka, Japan, November 24-27, 2008. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2010.

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Andrew, Chris O. Applied agricultural research: Foundations and methodology. Boulder: Westview Press, 1993.

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Lawal, Bayo. Applied Statistical Methods in Agriculture, Health and Life Sciences. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05555-8.

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Blacksmith. The black book, or, A complete key to the late rattle at Minden. London: Printed for J. Seymour ..., 1759.

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Hoag, Dana L. Applied risk management in agriculture. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2010.

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Turner, Jonathan. Applied farm management. 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Applied agricultural sciences":

1

Shafer, Wade H. "Agricultural Economics, Sciences and Engineering." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 11–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0393-0_2.

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Shafer, Wade H. "Agricultural Economics, Sciences and Engineering." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 10–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5969-6_2.

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Shafer, Wade H. "Agricultural Economics, Sciences and Engineering." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 9–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3412-9_2.

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Shafer, Wade H. "Agricultural Economics, Sciences and Engineering." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 9–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3474-7_2.

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Shafer, Wade H. "Agricultural Economics, Sciences, and Engineering." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 11–45. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0599-6_2.

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Shafer, Wade H. "Agricultural Economics, Sciences, and Engineering." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 7–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5197-9_2.

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Shafer, Wade H. "Agricultural Economics, Sciences, and Engineering." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 10–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2832-6_2.

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Shafer, Wade H. "Agricultural Economics, Sciences and Engineering." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 8–23. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5782-8_2.

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Shafer, Wade H. "Agricultural Economics, Sciences and Engineering." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 12–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2453-3_2.

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Shafer, Wade H. "Agricultural Economics, Sciences and Engineering." In Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences, 14–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1969-0_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Applied agricultural sciences":

1

"First International Conference on Food and Agricultural Sciences (ICFAS 2022)." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ORGANIC AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY (ICOAC) 2022. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/12.0024515.

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"Preface: First International Conference on Food and Agricultural Sciences (ICFAS 2022)." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ORGANIC AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY (ICOAC) 2022. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/12.0022279.

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"Committees: First International Conference on Food and Agricultural Sciences (ICFAS 2022)." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ORGANIC AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY (ICOAC) 2022. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/12.0024514.

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Suwaid, Maged Mohammed, Mohamed Hadi Habaebi, and Shero Khan. "Embedded LoRaWAN for Agricultural Sensing Applications." In 2019 IEEE 6th International Conference on Engineering Technologies and Applied Sciences (ICETAS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetas48360.2019.9117346.

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Klingström, T., I. Ohlsson, and D. J. de Koning. "434. The infrastructure for cattle data at the Swedish university of agricultural sciences, Gigacow." In World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_434.

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H. AL-DULAIMI, Fatin. "A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE CARNIVOROUS PLANT Nepenthes alata AND THE POSSIBILITY OF USING IT AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO CHEMICAL PESTICIDES." In VI.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress6-24.

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This study was conducted to identify the genus Nepenthes alata or what is known as an insect-hunting plant. the study will deal with a detailed classification of this species and its environmental distribution in Iraq and in other regions of the world. a home experiment was conducted to ascertain the success of this plant in catching insects and some results were obtained that confirmed this. these results will also be discussed and some special recommendations will be made that may help some farmers or those interested in the field of Agriculture to get rid of the danger of insects on agricultural crops in general and to dispense with toxic pesticides in particular
7

Fogal, Marcelo Luiz de Freitas, Gustavo Barbosa Micheli, Vicente Luiz Scalon, and Alcides Padilha. "NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF RADIAL FANS APPLIED IN AGRICULTURAL SPREADERS USING CFD." In Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2018.cit18-0007.

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Hou, Wen-ying, and De-qiang Zeng. "ExtendSim Computer Simulation Technology Applied in the Inventory System of Agricultural Products." In 2013 Fifth International Conference on Computational and Information Sciences (ICCIS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccis.2013.439.

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"Response of Tomato Cultivars on Yield and Quality Attributes Applied With Two Different Modes of BR Analogues: A Comparative Study." In International Conference on Advances in Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c1014062.

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Reddy, K. Dinaprasad, and C. Nelson Kennedy Babu. "Predictive analysis of soil moisture for agricultural applications using two fish algorithm in IOT comparing with fuzzy algorithm." In FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SCIENCES: ICAS2023. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0204338.

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