Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Applications mobiles – Prise de décision'
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Chambon, Thomas. "Effets de la complexité de l’information sur les intentions et les comportements de mobilité urbaine : Construction d’un outil d’aide au changement de comportement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS017.
Full textThe research work conducted in the framework of this thesis aims to contribute to three issues related to the nature of information, its perception and its transmission using a mobile application (tool for change). Our contributions on the nature of information and more particularly its complexity are intended to facilitate the understanding of information. Based on the algorithmic theory of information and more particularly the complexity of information (Kolmogorov complexity), a new classification method has been proposed. This work has allowed us to better understand the impact of information complexity on individuals. We also paid particular attention to the perception of information by analyzing the characteristics that influence the decision process in humans. From this analysis, an exploratory eye-tracking study was carried out to highlight the effects of information complexity and position on an individual’s choice in an urban mobility task. Our research on the creation of a behavior change tool led us to the design and development of a mobile application to monitor one’s own CO2 consumption. The objective of this application is to understand the factors of acceptance of these tools and the influence of the complexity of the information on these factors. This contribution is also an experimentation in real conditions of all our work, in a research context still little exploited, the urban mobility
Al, Hage Joelle. "Fusion de données tolérante aux défaillances : application à la surveillance de l’intégrité d’un système de localisation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10074/document.
Full textThe interest of research in the multi-sensor data fusion field is growing because of its various applications sectors. Particularly, in the field of robotics and localization, the use of different sensors informations is a vital step to ensure a reliable position estimation. In this context of multi-sensor data fusion, we consider the diagnosis, leading to the identification of the cause of a failure, and the sensors faults tolerance aspect, discussed in limited work in the literature. We chose to develop an approach based on a purely informational formalism: information filter on the one hand and tools of the information theory on the other. Residuals based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence are developed. These residuals allow to detect and to exclude the faulty sensors through optimized thresholding methods. This theory is tested in two applications. The first application is the fault tolerant collaborative localization of a multi-robot system. The second application is the localization in outdoor environments using a tightly coupled GNSS/odometer with a fault tolerant aspect
Almeida, Dias Juscelino. "Multiple criteria decision aiding for sorting problems : concepts, methodologies, and applications." Paris 9, 2011. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090003.
Full textOur thesis deals with sorting problems following a constructive approach. The aim is to assign objects of a decision, evaluated on multiple criteria, to a set of categories. Each category is pre-defined to receive these objects, which will be or might be processed in the same way. Our research provides a taxonomy framework, in which ten different types of sorting problems is defined with a practical usefulness. Two sorting methods are proposed within this taxonomy, called ELECTRE TRI-C and ELECTRE TRI-NC. These methods deal with decision aiding contexts, where the set of categories is completely ordered. Each category is characterized by a single typical reference action and several ones, respectively. The assignment procedure is based on a descending rule and an ascending rule, which must be used conjointly. Our research also provides a segmenting description algorithm for analyzing the relationship between the assigning conditions of decision aiding sorting models (e. G. ELECTRE TRI-C) and the preferences of decision makers, including an analysis of incoherencies and incompatibilities, without making use of an optimization model. The main research results are validated by two real-world applications (assisted reproduction and agro-environmental risk), which are modeled with medical and environmental experts, respectively
A nossa investigação centra-se em problemas de classificação seguindo uma abordagem construtivista. O objectivo é afectar objectos de decisão, avaliados com critérios múltiplos, em categorias. Cada categoria é pré-definida para agrupar estes objectos, que irão ser ou deverão ser sujeitos ao mesmo tratamento. A nossa pesquisa fornece uma taxonomia, onde definimos dez tipos de problemas de classificação com interesse prático. Dois métodos de classificação são propostos no âmbito desta taxonomia, denominados ELECTRE TRI-C e ELECTRE TRI-NC. Estes métodos enquadram-se em contextos de apoio à decisão, onde as categorias são completamente ordenadas. Cada categoria é caracterizada, respectivamente, por uma acção de referência típica ou múltiplas acções típicas. O procedimento de afectação é composto por uma regra descendente e uma regra ascendente, que devem ser usadas conjuntamente. A nossa pesquisa fornece também um algoritmo de descrição segmentada para analisar a relação entre as condições de afectação de modelos de classificação em apoio à decisão (e. G. ELECTRE TRI-C) e as preferências dos decisores, incluindo uma análise de incoerências e incompatibilidades, sem auxílio de um modelo de optimização. Os principais resultados da investigação são validados por duas aplicações reais (reprodução assistida e riscos agro-ambientais), que foram modelizadas, respectivamente, com especialistas médicas e agro-ambientais
Wang, Xingquan. "Imprécision et commensurabilité : applications de la logique floue à la prise de décision." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010046.
Full textGodard, Loïg. "Modèle de gestion hiérarchique distribuée pour la reconfiguration et la prise de décision dans les équipements de radio cognitive." Rennes 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00355352.
Full textThis work focuses on the implementation of a management architecture for cognitive radio equipment for applications in the field of radiocommunications. The architecture is named HDCRAM (Hierarchical and Distributed Cognitive Radio Architecture Management). HDCRAM is hierarchically distributed in the equipment to take into account heterogeneity of execution platforms. Thanks to a precise management for both reconfiguration and decision-making leading to a reconfiguration of all or part of the system. Through the use of UML language, for high level of abstraction modeling, we define a platform independent model of HDCRAM which offers an extended opportunity in terms of reusability and modularity. The choice to use an executable metamodeling language as Kermeta for HDCRAM allows describing both structural and behavioral part of our architecture and gives the opportunity to make functional simulation
Ben, othmane Amel. "CARS-Un système multi-agent pour la prise de décision dans des applications spatiotemporelles incertaines." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4086/document.
Full textRecently, many real-world applications where different entities interact in a dynamic environment, consider the use of agents in their architectures due principally to their autonomy, reactivity and decision-making abilities. Though these systems can be made intelligent, using Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, agents still lack of social abilities and have limited knowledge of their environment and in particular when it comes to a dynamic environment. In fact, when operating in the real world, agents need to deal with unexpected events considering both changes in time and space. Moreover, agents must face the uncertainty, which pervades real-world scenarios in order to provide an accurate representation of the world. In this thesis, we introduce and evaluate a formal framework for recommending plans to agents in the decision making process, when they deal with uncertain spatio-temporal information. The agent-based architecture we propose to address this issue, called CARS (Cognitive Agent-based Recommender System), has been designed by extending the well-known Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) architecture to incorporate further capabilities to support reasoning with different types of contextual information, including the social context. Uncertainty on the agent's beliefs, desires and intentions is modeled using possibility theory. To meet the requirements of real-world applications, e.g., traffic and navigation recommendation systems, we define a spatio-temporal representation of the agents' beliefs and intentions. Using such a formal framework, anticipatory reasoning about intentional dynamics can be performed with the aim to recommend an optimal plan to a certain user. Since spatio-temporal data is often considered as incomplete and/or vague, we extended the formal framework with a fuzzy representation of spatio-temporal beliefs and intentions. The framework is evaluated through an Agent Based Simulation (ABS) in a real-world traffic scenario. This ABS allowed us to create a virtual environment to test the impact of the different features of our framework as well as to evaluating the main strengths and weaknesses of the proposed agent architecture
Baalbaki, Hassan. "Logistique hospitalière à l'aide de robots mobiles reconfigurables." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783995.
Full textPerchat, Joachim. "Composants multiplateformes pour la prise en compte de l'hétérogénéité des terminaux mobiles." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0006/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we aim to decrease the development cost of applications for smartphones running Android, iOS, etc. Mobile applications are more and more complex. A few year ago, a mobile application was only design to display web content. Today, in addition, they are connected with the external world. For example, some applications are connected with watches, TVs, etc. Mobile applications became real softwares. However, in order to be visible by all smartphones users, mobile applications are designed, developed and deployed on every kind of smartphone. With the increase of the multiplicity of hardware configurations and the diversity of mobile operating systems, this task is becoming more and more laborious. Indeed, a mobile application is often implemented one time for each target platform (Android, iOS, Windows Phone 8, etc.). Therefore, the time and the cost for a mobile application implementation is multiplied by the number of target platforms. In this thesis, we propose to combine native development with the advantages of component-based software engineering. To do that, we have introduced the concept of multiplatform components. Those components are capable to be executed on any mobile platform. In order to describe components, we have introduced interfaces that are independent of any mobile platform. Thus, component integration and assembly are common on Android, iOS and others systems. To achieve that, we have specified a new programming language based on Annotations. We have validated this approach with the implementation of a real mobile application for Android and iOS. We have compared this application with the same application developed natively. Results show that with our solution, developers implement a multiplatform application 30% faster than native development. Moreover, our solution does not show any limitation for developers (same user experience, same performances). Finally, we have compared our solution with real products available on the software market: Phonegap, Titanium mobile and Xamarin. This comparison illustrates that our solution provides the best features and does not limit developers possibilities
Baalbaki, Hassan. "Logistique hospitalière à l’aide de robots mobiles reconfigurables." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EMSE0618/document.
Full textDue to the expansion of the life duration and the shortage of medical personal in hospitals the EU funded IWARD project as part of the IFP6 program. The aims of this project were to assist the medical personnel in logistic and non medical tasks (transport, cleaning, environmental monitoring, guidance and tele-monitoring) through the usage of mobile, reconfigurable, rechargeable robots, thus letting the Medical staff to concentrate on medical aspects of their work.This thesis was part of this project, and our work consisted on developing a decision making framework for the team of robots.In the first part of the thesis, we address the strategic decisions essentially the: (i) the robots’ home station location problem, (ii) Robot‘s reconfiguration problems and (iii) Robots recharging scheduling. We formulate those problems as a linear problems and we propose to solve them using Mixed Integer Programming (MIP). We also present a formulation using a column generation approach to solve those problems.In the later part we address the tactical problems, mainly the mission assignment, the mission scheduling and rescheduling. We present two different approaches; a centralized decision finder implemented using genetic algorithms. And a decentralized approach using auction like and market based algorithms in order to provided collaborative decision making framework.Finally we compare those two approaches using a custom made discrete event simulation (DES)
Lamboray, Claude. "Prudent ranking rules: theoretical contributions and applications." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210662.
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Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
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Mhamdi, Samir. "La concurrence entre les places financières, vers une nouvelle géographie des activités financières et de nouveaux centres émergents : applications des Modèles multicritères d'Aide à la décision : ACP, logique floue et MCO." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0032.
Full textWhat is meant by ‘financial centres’? What part do these play nationally and internationally? How may one analyse competition between financial centres? In this context, what strategies are followed? Our research has aimed to provide answers to these questions by undertaking an in-depth theoretical study followed by an empirical study shedding light on theoretical concepts. Several themes are discussed here: the competition between financial centres and the various strategies adopted by financial markets; the impact of technological innovations, of internationalisation and of competitive strategies on the characteristics of future financial centres; and, the geography of international financial operations
Laroche, Pierre. "Processus décisionnels de Markov appliqués à la planification sous incertitude." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0012_LAROCHE.pdf.
Full textDiallo, Belko Abdoul Aziz. "Aide à la prise de décision en situation de mobilité : proposition d’une solution mobile d’intelligence d’affaire géospatiale (GeoBI) sémantiquement augmentée et sensible au contexte mobile du décideur." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25717.
Full textThe rapid development of mobile computing has enabled the emergence and popularization of mobile devices whose increasing number and computing capabilities position them as potential alternative platforms to desktop computers. This technological progress has contributed to the emergence of a new category of business actors having no permanent workplaces, spending very short time in their offices, working directly on the field in various locations (home, car, plane, with the client at the hotel at the supplier, etc.) by using mobile and nomadic devices, and moving to places where business requires them: these are mobile workers including a large number of decision makers. Given this increasingly competitive business world where decision makers are increasingly mobile and are facing the need to take faster and suitable decisions based on relevant analysis, these mobile business people deserve to be supported with appropriate mobile decision support systems (DSS). To give an improved support to these mobile business professionals, this PhD thesis proposes to go further than just allowing a simple remote access to a Geospatial or non-geospatial Business Intelligence (GeoBI/BI) platform as do current solutions. It also proposes to take into account the location and the context of mobile professionals, and to enrich semantically BI data. To propose such a semantically augmented and context-based mobile GeoBI solution, the present thesis has endeavored on the one hand, to identify, model and enrich contextual information that is relevant to support GeoBI context-based reasoning. On the other hand, it has strived to provide a solution that semantically enriches business data in order to help decision makers discover semantic [cor]relations which might exist between the data. A prototype implementing a context-aware mobile application and a services-oriented architecture has been developed and tested as a proof of concept. These tests has shown among other things, that the prototype was able to answer and visualize the result of contextual queries such as: “Within 5 km around my current position, what are partnering companies that are competing with our owners; with the possibility of partnership/ownership relationships to be transitive, symmetric, or have the same semantics?”
Conombo, Blanchard. "Measuring «Correlation Neglect» : experimental prodecures and applications." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28198.
Full textDes études économiques récentes ont identifié la difficulté des personnes à prendre des décisions optimales lorsqu’il existe une corrélation entre différentes variables d’état (aléatoires), que l’on appelle maintenant dans la littérature «inattention envers la corrélation». Dans cet article, nous supposons que l’inattention envers la corrélation est un trait individuel d’une personne et nous proposons différentes mesures de cette caractéristique. Nous comparons différentes mesures en termes de corrélation à partir des résultats d’expériences de laboratoire. Nous présentons les applications de ces mesures dans des domaines précis. Mots clés : heuristiques et biais, inattention envers la corrélation, mesure.
Recent economic studies identified the difficulty of persons to make optimal decisions when there is correlation between (random) state variables, now referred to in the literatures as “correlation neglect.” In this article, we presume correlation neglect to be an individual trait of a person and propose different measures of this characteristic. We compare different measures in terms of their correlation based on results from laboratory experiments. We present applications of the measures in the field. Keywords : heuristics and biases, correlation neglect, measurement.
Jaaidane, Touria. "Mecanismes incitatifs et sondages : applications a l'economie publique." Cergy-Pontoise, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CERG0044.
Full textWéry, Jean. "Cadre décisionnel basé sur la simulation et l'optimisation pour résoudre le problème générique de la recherche de la meilleure combinaison de scénarios : applications pour la prise de décisions complexes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27858.
Full textLe, Gloannec Simon. "Contrôle adaptatif d'un agent rationnel à ressources limitées dans un environnement dynamique et incertain." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2016.
Full textThis thesis deals with decision-theoretic autonomous agents. This work consists in constructing a control system for a resource-bounded agent evolving in a uncertain environment. Such agents must be able to control their resources consumption during a mission. The first part of this thesis introduces the concept of planning under uncertainty in general, and Markov decision processes (MDP) in particular, for the control. Solving techniques of large MDPs are presented. In this control system, we consider resource-bounded agents adopting progressive reasoning as a specific resource-bounded reasoning with anytime behavior. We call progressive processing units (PRU) the task structure which allows the agent to adapt the quality of their accomplishment to the available resources. Each PRU defines a multi-level hierarchy task, to better accomplish the mission. This thesis presents two extensions of the progressive reasoning : the control of multiple resources and an adaptive control system that faces changes during the mission. Firstly, algorithms are presented to avoid combinatorial explosion due to the multiple resources. Secondly, a value function approximation algorithm permits to quickly obtain a control system when the mission suddenly changes. Promising experimental results have been obtained and illustrated on a real robot
Nicol, Olivier. "Data-driven evaluation of contextual bandit algorithms and applications to dynamic recommendation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10211/document.
Full textThe context of this thesis work is dynamic recommendation. Recommendation is the action, for an intelligent system, to supply a user of an application with personalized content so as to enhance what is refered to as "user experience" e.g. recommending a product on a merchant website or even an article on a blog. Recommendation is considered dynamic when the content to recommend or user tastes evolve rapidly e.g. news recommendation. Many applications that are of interest to us generates a tremendous amount of data through the millions of online users they have. Nevertheless, using this data to evaluate a new recommendation technique or even compare two dynamic recommendation algorithms is far from trivial. This is the problem we consider here. Some approaches have already been proposed. Nonetheless they were not studied very thoroughly both from a theoretical point of view (unquantified bias, loose convergence bounds...) and from an empirical one (experiments on private data only). In this work we start by filling many blanks within the theoretical analysis. Then we comment on the result of an experiment of unprecedented scale in this area: a public challenge we organized. This challenge along with a some complementary experiments revealed a unexpected source of a huge bias: time acceleration. The rest of this work tackles this issue. We show that a bootstrap-based approach allows to significantly reduce this bias and more importantly to control it
Aycard, Olivier. "Architecture de contrôle pour robot mobile en environnement intérieur structuré." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10275.
Full textHo, Dinh Khanh. "Gestion des ressources et de l’énergie orientée qualité de service pour les systèmes robotiques mobiles autonomes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4000.
Full textMobile robotic systems are becoming more and more complex with the integration of advanced sensing and acting components and functionalities to perform the real required missions. For these technical systems, the requirements are divided into two categories: functional and non-functional requirements. While functional requirements represent what the robot must do to accomplish the mission, non-functional requirements represent how the robot performs the mission. Thus, the quality of service and energy efficiency of a robotic mission are classified in this category. The autonomy of these systems is fully achieved when both functional and non-functional requirements are guaranteed without any human intervention or any external control. However, these mobile systems are naturally confronted with resource availability and energy capacity constraints, particularly in the context of long-term missions, these constraints become more critical. In addition, the performance of these systems is also influenced by unexpected and unstructured environmental conditions in which they interact. The management of resources and energy during operation is therefore a challenge for autonomous mobile robots in order to guarantee the desired performance objectives while respecting constraints. In this context, the ability of the robotic system to become aware of its own internal behaviors and physical environment and to adapt to these dynamic circumstances becomes important.This thesis focuses on the quality of service and energy efficiency of mobile robotic systems and proposes a hierarchical run-time management in order to guarantee these non-functional objectives of each robotic mission. At the local management level of each robotic mission, a Mission Manager employs a reinforcement learning-based decision-making mechanism to automatically reconfigure certain key mission-specific parameters to minimize the level of violation of required performance and energy objectives. At the global management level of the whole system, a Multi-Mission Manager leveraged rule-based decision-making and case-based reasoning techniques monitors the system's resources and the responses of Mission Managers in order to decide to reallocate the energy budget, regulate the quality of service and trigger the online learning for each robotic mission.The proposed methodology has been successfully prototyped and validated in a simulation environment and the run-time management framework is also integrated into our real mobile robotic system based on a Pioneer-3DX mobile base equipped with an embedded NVIDIA Jetson Xavier platform
Belhaj, Nabila. "Generic autonomic service management for component-based applications." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLL004/document.
Full textDuring the past decade, the complexity of applications has significantly scaled to satisfy the emerging business needs. Their design entails a composition of distributed and interacting software components. They provide services by means of the business interactions maintained by their components. Such applications are inherently in a dynamic evolution due to their context dynamics. Indeed, they evolve in changing environments while exhibiting highly dynamic conditions during their execution life-cycle (e.g., their load, availability, performance, etc.). Such contexts have burdened the applications developers with their design and management tasks. Subsequently, motivated the need to enforce the autonomy of their management to be less dependent on human interventions with the Autonomic Computing principles. Autonomic Computing Systems (ACS) implies the usage of autonomic loops, dedicated to help the system to achieve its management tasks. These loops main role is to adapt their associated systems to the dynamic of their contexts by acting upon an embedded adaptation logic. Most of time, this logic is given by static hand-coded rules, often concern-specific and potentially error-prone. It is undoubtedly time and effort-consuming while demanding a costly expertise. Actually, it requires a thorough understanding of the system design and dynamics to predict the accurate adaptations to bring to the system. Furthermore, such logic cannot envisage all the possible adaptation scenarios, hence, not able to take appropriate adaptations for previously unknown situations. ACS should be sophisticated enough to cope with the dynamic nature of their contexts and be able to learn on their own to properly act in unknown situations. They should also be able to learn from their past experiences and modify their adaptation logic according to their context dynamics. In this thesis manuscript, we address the described shortcomings by using Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques to build our adaptation logic. Nevertheless, RL-based approaches are known for their poor performance during the early stages of learning. This poor performance hinders their usage in real-world deployed systems. Accordingly, we enhanced the adaptation logic with sophisticated and better-performing learning abilities with a multi-step RL approach. Our main objective is to optimize the learning performance and render it timely-efficient which considerably improves the ACS performance even during the beginning of learning phase. Thereafter, we pushed further our work by proposing a generic framework aimed to support the application developers in building self-adaptive applications. We proposed to transform existing applications by dynamically adding autonomic and learning abilities to their components. The transformation entails the encapsulation of components into autonomic containers to provide them with the needed self-adaptive behavior. The objective is to alleviate the burden of management tasks on the developers and let them focus on the business logic of their applications. The proposed solutions are intended to be generic, granular and based on a well known standard (i.e., Service Component Architecture). Finally, our proposals were evaluated and validated with experimental results. They demonstrated their effectiveness by showing a dynamic adjustment to the transformed application to its context changes in a shorter time as compared to existing approaches
Najjar, Micheline. "Modèles de mélange pour la recherche d'images par le contenu : Applications aux pathologies ostéo-articulaires." Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1507.
Full textMajed, Aliah. "Sensing-based self-reconfigurable strategies for autonomous modular robotic systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENTA0013.
Full textModular robotic systems (MRSs) have become a highly active research today. It has the ability to change the perspective of robotic systems from machines designed to do certain tasks to multipurpose tools capable of accomplishing almost any task. They are used in a wide range of applications, including reconnaissance, rescue missions, space exploration, military task, etc. Constantly, MRS is built of “modules” from a few to several hundreds or even thousands. Each module involves actuators, sensors, computational, and communicational capabilities. Usually, these systems are homogeneous where all the modules are identical; however, there could be heterogeneous systems that contain different modules to maximize versatility. One of the advantages of these systems is their ability to operate in harsh environments in which contemporary human-in-the-loop working schemes are risky, inefficient and sometimes infeasible. In this thesis, we are interested in self-reconfigurable modular robotics. In such systems, it uses a set of detectors in order to continuously sense its surroundings, locate its own position, and then transform to a specific shape to perform the required tasks. Consequently, MRS faces three major challenges. First, it offers a great amount of collected data that overloads the memory storage of the robot. Second it generates redundant data which complicates the decision making about the next morphology in the controller. Third, the self reconfiguration process necessitates massive communication between the modules to reach the target morphology and takes a significant processing time to self-reconfigure the robotic. Therefore, researchers’ strategies are often targeted to minimize the amount of data collected by the modules without considerable loss in fidelity. The goal of this reduction is first to save the storage space in the MRS, and then to facilitate analyzing data and making decision about what morphology to use next in order to adapt to new circumstances and perform new tasks. In this thesis, we propose an efficient mechanism for data processing and self-reconfigurable decision-making dedicated to modular robotic systems. More specifically, we focus on data storage reduction, self-reconfiguration decision-making, and efficient communication management between modules in MRSs with the main goal of ensuring fast self-reconfiguration process
Thibout, Claire. "Efficience et stéréotypes de genre : applications à l'allocation des ressources dans les ménages et aux choix éducatifs." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010042/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of decision making within couples and the analysis of gendered educational choices. Until now, economic models provide a better understanding of behaviors, but do not achieve to explain gender differences in a whole. Indeed, traditional economic variables do not allow to represent entirely the allocation of time between partners, and human capital models do not achieve to explain why girls choose less paid tracks. The first chapter of this dissertation aims at better understanding determinants of “who gets what” within couples, in terms of monetary resources and time. Then a second chapter focuses on the production sphere of the household, by confronting the efficiency assumption to the allocation of time within couples. It is shown that the efficiency assumption seems to be challenged in the household production process. But how can we then represent behaviors ? It may be judicious to try to represent a second best optimum, integrating some constraints or social representations, and particularly gender stereotypes or different beliefs in the society on the abilities of men and women. The third chapter than investigates the impact of different beliefs about the abilities of boys and girls in sciences and humanities on educational choices. Then a last chapter analyses the influence of gender stereotypes upon abilities of men and women to produce domestic goods
Damblin, Guillaume. "Contributions statistiques au calage et à la validation des codes de calcul." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0083.
Full textCode validation aims at assessing the uncertainty affecting the predictions of a physical system by using both the outputs of a computer code which attempt to reproduce it and the available field measurements. In the one hand, the codemay be not a perfect representation of the reality. In the other hand, some code parameters can be uncertain and need to be estimated: this issue is referred to as code calibration. After having provided a unified view of the main procedures of code validation, we propose several contributions for solving some issues arising in computer codes which are both costly and considered as black-box functions. First, we develop a Bayesian testing procedure to detect whether or not a discrepancy function, called code discrepancy, has to be taken into account between the code outputs and the physical system. Second, we present new algorithms for building sequential designs of experiments in order to reduce the error occurring in the calibration process based on a Gaussian process emulator. Lastly, a validation procedure of a thermal code is conducted as the preliminary step of a decision problem where an energy supplier has to commit for an overall energy consumption forecast to customers. Based on the Bayesian decision theory, some optimal plug-in estimators are computed
Personnaz, Léon. "Etude des réseaux de neurones formels : conception, propriétés et applications." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066569.
Full textCharlot, Philippe. "Structures Markoviennes cachées et modèles à corrélations conditionnelles dynamiques : extensions et applications aux corrélations d'actifs financiers." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00614498.
Full textPadey, Pierryves. "Modèles simplifiés d’Analyse de Cycle de Vie : cadre méthodologique et applications aux filières de conversion d’énergie." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0083/document.
Full textThe energy transition debate is a key issue for today and the coming years. One of the challenges is to limit the environmental impacts of electricity production. Decision support tools, sufficiently accurate, simple to use, accounting for environmental aspects and favoring future energetic choices, must be implemented. However, the environmental assessment of the energy pathways is complex, and it means considering a two levels characterization. The “energy pathway” is the 1st level and corresponds to its environmental distribution, to compare overall pathways. The “system pathway” is the 2nd level and compares environmental impacts of systems within each pathway. We have devised a generic methodology covering both necessary characterization levels by estimating the energy pathways environmental profiles while allowing a simple comparison of its systems environmental impacts. This methodology is based on the definition of a parameterized Life Cycle Assessment model and considers, through a Global Sensitivity Analysis, the environmental impacts of a large sample of systems representative of an energy pathway. As a second step, this methodology defines simplified models based on few key parameters identified as inducing the largest variability in the energy pathway environmental impacts. These models assess in a simple way the systems environmental impacts, avoiding any complex LCAs. This reduction methodology has been applied to the onshore wind power energy pathway in Europe and the photovoltaic energy pathway in France
Kaldé, Nassim. "Robotic Coverage and Exploration as Sequential Decision-Making Problems." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0276/document.
Full textThe ability to intelligently navigate in an unknown environment is essential for mobile robots (Obstacle Avoidance (OA)). This is needed to explore and build a map of the environment (Active Mapping (AM)); this map will then support other tasks such as patrolling (Active Coverage (AC)). In this thesis, we focus on decision-making to plan the moves of autonomous robots in order to navigate, cover, or explore the environment. Therefore, we rely on the framework of Sequential Decision-Making (SDM) in Artificial Intelligence to propose two contributions that address: (1) decision processes for AC and AM and (2) long-term planning for AC. Furthermore, mobile robots recently started sharing physical spaces with humans to provide services such as cleaning the house. In such cases, robot behavior should adapt to dynamic aspects of the world. In this thesis, we are interested in deploying autonomous robots in such environments. Therefore, we propose two other contributions that address: (3) short-term AM in crowded environments and (4) clearest path OA in ambient environments