Journal articles: 'Application en angiographie'

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Vignal, Philippe. "Angiographie par couplage de l’écho 3D au Doppler puissance : 3D-power Doppler angiography (3D-PDA). Application clinique en gynécologie." Imagerie de la Femme 19, no. 3 (September 2009): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femme.2009.06.004.

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Krause, Pabst, Kenn, and Hahn. "Hochauflösende Kontrastmittel verstärkte MR-Angiographie der Handarterien: erste Erfahrungen." Vasa 31, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526.31.3.179.

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Background: In contrast to magnetic-resonance-angiography (MRA) of the peripheral vessels of the lower extremity, which gains more and more clinical application, MRA of the hand arteries is still exceptional. Our objective was to introduce an appropriate protocol for high resolution contrast-enhanced MR-angiography of the hand arteries. Patients and methods: 7 healthy volunteers and 13 patients with suspected hand artery obstructions underwent MRA. The examinations were performed on a 1.5 T system equipped with a flexible surface coil. A modified 3D-gradient-echo sequence was used. Criteria for image analysis were the overall image quality, vessel visibility and the timing of the contrast material bolus. Results: In the volunteer group delineation of the superficial or deep palmar arch, common palmar digital arteries and of the proximal and middle segments of the digital arteries was possible. No pathologic findings were seen in the volunteer group. In 10 patients MRA revealed pathologic findings. In 9 examinations bolus-timing was correct, 7 examinations showed incomplete arterial enhancement, 4 examinations showed venous overlay. Conclusions: Contrast enhanced MR-angiography of the hand arteries in the described technique is a promising method. Compared to intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (IA-DSA) MRA still has limitations concerning spatial and temporal resolution. For clinical evaluation comparative studies with IA-DSA are necessary.

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Chiriac, A., B. Iliescu, N. Dobrin, and I. Poeată. "Technique possibilities for volumetric assessment of intracranial aneurysms." Romanian Neurosurgery 19, no. 2 (November 9, 2012): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10282-012-0006-1.

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Abstract Volume measurement techniques of intracranial aneurysms from 3D rotational angiography vary on different factor settings and, therefore, are operator-dependent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application and the precision of ellipsoidal approximation (mathematics and computer technique) and software methods to measure intracranial aneurysms volume starting from planar (DR and SD) and 3- dimensional (3D) angiographic images. The reliability of the methods was statistically compared in a clinical setting of 42 angiograms and 100 measurements performed by the same users. This study suggests that both techniques could be used for clinical applications with similar efficiency results.

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Seetharam, Karthik, Ayesha Cheema, Gary Friedman, and Roman Pachulski. "Left Bundle Branch Block Chest Pain Conundrum." Case Reports in Cardiology 2020 (February 20, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2724981.

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Left bundle branch block is a pattern of altered ventricular depolarization and subsequently affects repolarization. These obscure patterns can affect the traditional ST segment shift criteria for the electrocardiographic detection of coronary insufficiency syndromes. Previously, patients with coronary ischemic pain and LBBB judged to be “new” (not previously documented) were considered to have ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) warranting acute thrombolytic therapy. Current STEMI management favors emergent invasive angiography; however, recent data suggests the prevalence of coronary obstructive pathology may be as low as 50%. The application of more specific, less-sensitive Sgarbossa electrocardiographic criteria may reduce angiographic assessment in an otherwise high-risk population unlikely to tolerate further myocardial injury. We present a case that may facilitate a more nuanced EKG-based approach to distinguish those who may benefit from acute invasive angiography while reducing the frequency of unnecessary angiographic evaluation.

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Steger, Bernhard. "Ocular surface angiography: from neovessels to neoplasia." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 6, no. 1 (August 2021): e000829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000829.

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The ocular surface vascular system plays a key role in corneal and conjunctival inflammatory, infectious and neoplastic pathology. Angiographic vessel analysis using intravenous dyes and optical coherence tomography technology allow both the quantitative and functional assessment of conjunctival vasculature and corneal neovessels. Based on a thorough understanding of vascular alterations in ocular surface disease, angiographic assessment facilitates the clinical management of corneal neovascularisation, the grading of ocular surface inflammation and the identification of tumour angiogenesis in dysplastic or malignant lesions. This review summarises key aspects of the clinical application of corneal and conjunctival angiography as presented at the 2021 virtual Bowman Club meeting.

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Benvenuti, Lucia, Salvatore Chibbaro, Stefano Carnesecchi, Flavio Pulerà, and Rolando Gagliardi. "Automated Three-dimensional Volume Rendering of Helical Computed Tomographic Angiography for Aneurysms: An Advanced Application of Neuronavigation Technology." Operative Neurosurgery 57, suppl_1 (July 1, 2005): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000163485.56639.7e.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE: To introduce the possibility of volume-rendered helical computed tomographic (CT) angiographic data sets by use of Medtronic StealthStation Treon surgical navigation technology (Medtronic Surgical Navigation Technologies, Louisville, CO) and to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the method in planning and performing surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: Between November 2002 and July 2003, we studied 15 patients with suspected intracranial aneurysms. All patients but two received conventional digital subtraction angiography, which failed to provide the requested information. Helical CT angiography was performed in all patients, and data sets were transferred to the StealthStation system across an electronic network to be automatically postprocessed by use of three-dimensional (3-D) volume rendering. The 3-D volume-rendered images were accurately analyzed to obtain more complete information about the aneurysm and to provide accurate treatment planning. In all patients, the 3-D volume-rendered model was displayed on the screen of the StealthStation system for the duration of the surgical procedure and compared with the intraoperative image. RESULTS: Data sets from CT angiography were automatically postprocessed by the StealthStation in seconds with excellent results, providing us, before and during surgery, with additional information not always available on traditional digital subtraction angiographic investigation. Because of the very short time necessary to complete this process (<5 min to obtain 3-D volume-rendered images), it was possible to perform emergency clipping of the aneurysms in two patients who had been admitted in very compromised neurological conditions. In 12 patients, integrated digital subtraction angiography and automated 3-D volume-rendered images allowed an accurate presurgical evaluation. Furthermore, in all patients on whom surgery was performed, aneurysms were found in the exact location and with the same anatomic features as depicted by the 3-D volume-rendered models. CONCLUSION: Reports in the literature indicate that information gathered by CT angiography with volume rendering shows a significant impact on aneurysm management. The StealthStation system upgraded with the adequate algorithm seems to provide a time- and cost-effective method of performing automated 3-D volume rendering of CT angiography and provides an interesting alternative to the available investigation modalities in case of emergency.

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Cohen, Salomon Y., Alexandra Miere, Sylvia Nghiem-Buffet, Franck Fajnkuchen, Eric H. Souied, and Sarah Mrejen. "Clinical applications of optical coherence tomography angiography: What we have learnt in the first 3 years." European Journal of Ophthalmology 28, no. 5 (March 19, 2018): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672117753704.

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A review of the literature from 2014 to 2016 was conducted, focusing on the results of optical coherence tomography angiography in different chorioretinal diseases. In only 3 years, optical coherence tomography angiography has been shown to be an effective tool for diagnosing choroidal neovascularization complicating age-related macular degeneration, pathologic myopia, and inflammatory conditions. The technique has sometimes been considered superior to conventional multimodal imaging, for example, in choroidal neovascularization associated with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy or multifocal choroiditis. In retinal vascular diseases, optical coherence tomography angiography has helped to understand the condition described as paracentral acute middle maculopathy and has been considered highly effective for the analysis of retinal vascular macular changes secondary to retinal vein occlusion or macular telangiectasia. Changes in the foveal avascular zone, also reported in diabetic maculopathy, have been shown to occur before any angiographic signs. A reduction in capillary vascular density has been reported in the fovea of eyes with malignant melanoma, but not in eyes with choroidal nevus. However, optical coherence tomography angiography is a recent technique that probably needs refinements and further studies. Nevertheless, the first 3 years of optical coherence tomography angiography use suggest its clinical relevance and useful applications in daily clinical practice.

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Nicolaides, Andrew N., Edward G. Shifrin, Andrew Bradbury, Surinder Dhanjil, Maura Griffin, Gianni Belcaro, and Michael Williams. "Angiographic and Duplex Grading of Internal Carotid Stenosis: Can We Overcome the Confusion?" Journal of Endovascular Therapy 3, no. 2 (May 1996): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660289600300207.

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The stroke risk reduction benefit of surgical intervention in carotid occlusive disease has been validated in multicenter trials for various angiographically defined lesion severity categories. The two divergent angiographic grading methods used for internal carotid artery stenosis in these trials have caused confusion in the clinical application of their recommendations. Moreover, while today's highly accurate carotid duplex scanning can obviate the need for preoperative angiography in many cases, the duplex criteria must be tailored to achieve sufficiently reliable results on which therapeutic decisions can be made. This review offers a clarification of the discrepancies between the angiographic grading techniques and how their measurements of percent stenosis correlate to the duplex criteria needed to support the treatment decision-making process for carotid obliterative disease.

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Lupidi, Marco, Alessio Cerquaglia, Jay Chhablani, Tito Fiore, Sumit Randhir Singh, Felice Cardillo Piccolino, Roberta Corbucci, Florence Coscas, Gabriel Coscas, and Carlo Cagini. "Optical coherence tomography angiography in age-related macular degeneration: The game changer." European Journal of Ophthalmology 28, no. 4 (April 6, 2018): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672118766807.

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Optical coherence tomography angiography is one of the biggest advances in ophthalmic imaging. It enables a depth-resolved assessment of the retinal and choroidal blood flow, far exceeding the levels of detail commonly obtained with dye angiographies. One of the first applications of optical coherence tomography angiography was in detecting the presence of choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration and establishing its position in relation to the retinal pigmented epithelium and Bruch’s membrane, and thereby classifying the CNV as type 1, type 2, type 3, or mixed lesions. Optical coherence tomography angiograms, due to the longer wavelength used by optical coherence tomography, showed a more distinct choroidal neovascularization vascular pattern than fluorescein angiography, since there is less suffering from light scattering or is less obscured by overlying subretinal hemorrhages or exudation. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of optical coherence tomography angiography findings in exudative and nonexudative age-related macular degeneration have been largely investigated within the past 3 years both in clinical and experimental settings. This review constitutes an up-to-date of all the potential applications of optical coherence tomography angiography in age-related macular degeneration in order to better understand how to translate its theoretical usefulness into the current clinical practice.

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Bhattacharya, Visweswar, Neeraj K. Agrawal, Gurab R. Chaudhary, Srivastava Arvind, and Siddharth Bhattacharya. "CT angiographic evaluation of perforators in the lower limb and their reconstructive implication." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 45, no. 03 (September 2012): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-0358.105959.

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ABSTRACT Background: The perforator flaps evolved on the knowledge of the vascular tree from the main vascular trunk up to the subdermal plexus. Therefore, we thought that it′s necessary to map the whole vascular arcade by CT angiography. The aim of this study is to evaluate the perforators and the whole vascular tree of the lower limb by peripheral CT angiography with 3D reconstruction and intraoperative evaluation. This study helps in designing flaps of different constituents based on the selected perforators. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients having lower limb defects were selected. CT angiography was done using a non-ionic iodinated contrast media injected through the antecubital vein. The lower limbs were imaged using volume rendering CT scan machine. Three dimensional reconstructions were made. The whole arterial tree, along with the perforators, were mapped. Findings of the audio-Doppler were correlated with the CT angiographic observations. Further these evaluations were confirmed by intraoperative findings. Results: The three dimensional CT angiographic reconstruction with bone and soft tissue provided advanced knowledge of this vascular network. It delineated the main vessel, the perforators, their caliber, distance from fixed bony landmarks and course up to the subdermal plexus. These findings were confirmed during dissection of the proposed flap. The perforators were mainly musculocutaneous in the proximal leg and septocutaneous distally. Conclusions: The vascular details visualized by this technique made advancement over the existing methods namely color Doppler, audio Doppler, two dimensional angiography etc. It improved the understanding of perforator flaps and their successful clinical application.

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Minami, Yasunori, Takamichi Murakami, Masayuki Kitano, Toshiharu Sakurai, Naoshi Nishida, and Masatoshi Kudo. "Cone-Beam CT Angiography for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Status." Digestive Diseases 33, no. 6 (2015): 759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000439100.

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Cone-beam CT (CBCT) is generated during a rotational sweep of the C-arm around the patient, and can be a valuable imaging technique, providing in situ cross-sectional imaging. It is easy to evaluate the morphologic characteristics of hepatic arteries from multiple views with the use of various reconstruction techniques, such as maximum intensity projection (MIP) and volume rendering. CBCT angiography is capable of providing more information than the standard 2-dimensional angiography in visualizing hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and targeting tumors though precise microcatheter placement in close proximity to HCCs. It can also be useful in evaluating treatment success at the time of the procedure. It is anticipated that CBCT could reduce radiation exposure, the overall procedure time and contrast material use because it allows immediate feedback for an efficient angiographic procedure. Therefore, CBCT angiography is an exciting technology with the potential to significantly impact the practice of interventional radiology. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the principles, clinical applications and technique of CBCT angiography for HCC treatment.

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Taschner, Christian A., Vianney Le Thuc, Nicolas Reyns, Juergen Gieseke, Jean-Yves Gauvrit, Jean-Pierre Pruvo, and Xavier Leclerc. "Gamma knife surgery for arteriovenous malformations in the brain: integration of time-resolved contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography into dosimetry planning." Journal of Neurosurgery 107, no. 4 (October 2007): 854–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns-07/10/0854.

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Object The aim of this study was to develop an algorithm for the integration of time-resolved contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography into dosimetry planning for Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the brain. Methods Twelve patients harboring brain AVMs referred for GKS underwent intraarterial digital subtraction (DS) angiography and time-resolved MR angiography while wearing an externally applied cranial stereotactic frame. Time-resolved MR angiography was performed on a 1.5-tesla MR unit (Achieva, Philips Medical Systems) using contrast-enhanced 3D fast field echo sequencing with stochastic central k-space ordering. Postprocessing with interactive data language (Research Systems, Inc.) produced hybrid data sets containing dynamic angiographic information and the MR markers necessary for stereotactic transformation. Image files were sent to the Leksell GammaPlan system (Elekta) for dosimetry planning. Results Stereotactic transformation of the hybrid data sets containing the time-resolved MR angiography information with automatic detection of the MR markers was possible in all 12 cases. The stereotactic coordinates of vascular structures predefined from time-resolved MR angiography matched with DS angiography data in all cases. In 10 patients dosimetry planning could be performed based on time-resolved MR angiography data. In two patients, time-resolved MR angiography data alone were considered insufficient. The target volumes showed a notable shift of centers between modalities. Conclusions Integration of time-resolved MR angiography data into the Leksell GammaPlan system for patients with brain AVMs is feasible. The proposed algorithm seems concise and sufficiently robust for clinical application. The quality of the time-resolved MR angiography sequencing needs further improvement.

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Sun, Liyong, Jian Ren, and Hongqi Zhang. "Application of the selective indocyanine green videoangiography in microsurgical treatment of a craniocervical junction dural arteriovenous fistula." Neurosurgical Focus 46, Suppl_2 (April 2019): V5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.2.focusvid.18681.

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Craniocervical junction dural arteriovenous fistula (CCJDAVF) is a rare and unique type of intracranial DAVF with complex neurovascular anatomy, making it difficult to identify the arterialized vein during operation. The authors report the case of a 50-year-old male who presented with symptoms of venous hypertensive myelopathy. Angiography demonstrated a left CCJDAVF. The fistula was successfully disconnected via a suboccipital midline approach. The selective indocyanine green videoangiography (SICG-VA) technique was applied to distinguish the fistula site and arterialized vein from adjacent normal vessels. Favorable clinical and angiographic outcomes were attained. The detailed operative technique, surgical nuances, and utility of SICG-VA are illustrated in this video atlas.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/GJYl_jOJQqU.

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Killory, Brendan D., Peter Nakaji, L. Fernando Gonzales, Francisco A. Ponce, Scott D. Wait, and Robert F. Spetzler. "PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF SURGICAL MICROSCOPE–INTEGRATED INTRAOPERATIVE NEAR-INFRARED INDOCYANINE GREEN ANGIOGRAPHY DURING CEREBRAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION SURGERY." Neurosurgery 65, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000346649.48114.3a.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE Microscope-integrated indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography is a novel technique in vascular neurosurgery with potential utility in treating arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). METHODS We analyzed the application of intraoperative ICG in 10 consecutive AVM surgeries for which surgical video was available. The ability to distinguish AVM vessels (draining veins, feeding and nidal arteries) from each other and from normal vessel was evaluated, and ICG angiographic findings were correlated with intra- and postoperative findings on digital subtraction angiography (DSA). RESULTS ICG angiography was found to be useful by the surgeon in 9 of 10 patients. In 8 patients, it helped to distinguish AVM vessels. In 3 of 4 patients undergoing a postresection injection, it demonstrated that there was no residual arteriovenous shunting. In 1 patient, it helped to identify a small AVM nidus that was otherwise inapparent within a hematoma. Intraoperative DSA showed residual AVM in 2 of 10 patients requiring further resection of AVM not visualized during surgery. CONCLUSION Microscope-integrated ICG angiography is a useful tool in AVM surgery. It can be used to distinguish AVM vessels from normal vessels and arteries from veins based on the timing of fluorescence with the dye. Our experience suggests that it is less useful with deep-seated lesions or when AVM vessels are not on the surface. ICG angiography complements rather than replaces DSA.

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Rao, Ying, Yu Wang, Huang Sun, Wei Chen, Wenjuan Song, Xuejuan Ma, Liping Liu, Ying Gu, Yue Sun, and Yue Zhao. "Typical ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries: a case report." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 5903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519881567.

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Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a potentially multipathogenic syndrome that affects a subgroup of patients who present with acute myocardial infarction yet have no significant coronary artery disease on angiography. We herein describe a 71-year-old man with typical angina who showed inferior ST-segment elevation on electrocardiography and an increased troponin-I level. Emergency coronary angiography showed no angiographic stenosis. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) with two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) were performed after coronary angiography. Good consistency was observed between the CMR findings and MCE with 2D-STI findings in identifying the potential causes of MINOCA. We explored an imaging method that is potentially more effective and accurate than CMR, namely MCE combined with 2D-STI, to identify myocardial abnormalities when angiography reveals no obstruction. This application of MCE with 2D-STI may optimize timely treatment. MINOCA has various causes, and the patient in this case was discharged with aspirin, verapamil, and atorvastatin on the presumption that the infarct had arisen from either plaque disruption or coronary spasm. In this study, we analyzed the etiology, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of MINOCA with reference to the relevant literature.

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Wu, Chunyan, Xin Xu, and Rong Wang. "Application of CT Angiography in the Diagnosis of Acute Cerebrovascular Disease in Neurology." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 878–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3328.

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This article explores the application and value of CT angiography in the diagnosis of acute cerebrovascular disease in neurology. We selected 260 patients in our hospital as the research object, analyzed their data in detail, and then used the spiral CT scan to obtain the most original image. According to the projection technology with the strongest intensity and the scanned image, a three-dimensional image was formed on the surface. The images were studied and the results were compared with the results of postoperative and DSA techniques to finally evaluate the value of CTA technology in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases. A retrospective analysis and study of angiographic results of 260 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease who underwent digital silhouette angiography (DSA). According to the age of patients, patients can be divided into three groups: young group, middle-aged group and elderly group, aged 18–45 years old, 45–60 years old, 60 years old or older. According to the classification of ischemic cerebrovascular disease, we can divide 260 patients into cerebral infarction group and transient ischemic attack group. The calculation of stenosis rate is based on the research methods of symptomatic carotid endarterectomy abroad. The rate of detection of stenoses in 8 patients with TIA was 87%, and the rate of detection in 30 patients with cerebral infarction was 96%. The rate of aneurysms detected in the diagnosis of SAH is 83%. The diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease in the etiology and treatment of CTA in neurology department has a statistically significant difference in the ratio of confirmed diagnosis and positive rate of protection (P >0.05). Finally, we conclude that CT angiography is widely used in the diagnosis of acute cerebrovascular disease in neurology, and its therapeutic effect is quite significant, which is worthy of promotion in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

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Koirala, Nischal, and Gordon McLennan. "Mathematical Models for Blood Flow Quantification in Dialysis Access Using Angiography: A Comparative Study." Diagnostics 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 1771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101771.

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Blood flow rate in dialysis (vascular) access is the key parameter to examine patency and to evaluate the outcomes of various endovascular interve7ntions. While angiography is extensively used for dialysis access–salvage procedures, to date, there is no image-based blood flow measurement application commercially available in the angiography suite. We aim to calculate the blood flow rate in the dialysis access based on cine-angiographic and fluoroscopic image sequences. In this study, we discuss image-based methods to quantify access blood flow in a flow phantom model. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and fluoroscopy were used to acquire images at various sampling rates (DSA—3 and 6 frames/s, fluoroscopy—4 and 10 pulses/s). Flow rates were computed based on two bolus tracking algorithms, peak-to-peak and cross-correlation, and modeled with three curve-fitting functions, gamma variate, lagged normal, and polynomial, to correct errors with transit time measurement. Dye propagation distance and the cross-sectional area were calculated by analyzing the contrast enhancement in the vessel. The calculated flow rates were correlated versus an in-line flow sensor measurement. The cross-correlation algorithm with gamma-variate curve fitting had the best accuracy and least variability in both imaging modes. The absolute percent error (mean ± SEM) of flow quantification in the DSA mode at 6 frames/s was 21.4 ± 1.9%, and in the fluoroscopic mode at 10 pulses/s was 37.4 ± 3.6%. The radiation dose varied linearly with the sampling rate in both imaging modes and was substantially low to invoke any tissue reactions or stochastic effects. The cross-correlation algorithm and gamma-variate curve fitting for DSA acquisition at 6 frames/s had the best correlation with the flow sensor measurements. These findings will be helpful to develop a software-based vascular access flow measurement tool for the angiography suite and to optimize the imaging protocol amenable for computational flow applications.

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Teng, Clare W., Vincent Huang, Gabriel R. Arguelles, Cecilia Zhou, Steve S. Cho, Stefan Harmsen, and John Y. K. Lee. "Applications of indocyanine green in brain tumor surgery: review of clinical evidence and emerging technologies." Neurosurgical Focus 50, no. 1 (January 2021): E4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.10.focus20782.

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Indocyanine green (ICG) is a water-soluble dye that was approved by the FDA for biomedical purposes in 1956. Initially used to measure cardiocirculatory and hepatic functions, ICG’s fluorescent properties in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum soon led to its application in ophthalmic angiography. In the early 2000s, ICG was formally introduced in neurosurgery as an angiographic tool. In 2016, the authors’ group pioneered a novel technique with ICG named second-window ICG (SWIG), which involves infusion of a high dose of ICG (5.0 mg/kg) in patients 24 hours prior to surgery. To date, applications of SWIG have been reported in patients with high-grade gliomas, meningiomas, brain metastases, pituitary adenomas, craniopharyngiomas, chordomas, and pinealomas.The applications of ICG have clearly expanded rapidly across different specialties since its initial development. As an NIR fluorophore, ICG has advantages over other FDA-approved fluorophores, all of which are currently in the visible-light spectrum, because of NIR fluorescence’s increased tissue penetration and decreased autofluorescence. Recently, interest in the latest applications of ICG in brain tumor surgery has grown beyond its role as an NIR fluorophore, extending into shortwave infrared imaging and integration into nanotechnology. This review aims to summarize reported clinical studies on ICG fluorescence–guided surgery of intracranial tumors, as well as to provide an overview of the literature on emerging technologies related to the utility of ICG in neuro-oncological surgeries, including the following aspects: 1) ICG fluorescence in the NIR-II window; 2) ICG for photoacoustic imaging; and 3) ICG nanoparticles for combined diagnostic imaging and therapy (theranostic) applications.

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Eghbalzadeh, Kaveh, Elmar W. Kuhn, Anton Sabashnikov, Carolyn Weber, Cherif Sahyoun, Tanja Rudolph, Stephan Baldus, Thorsten C. W. Wahlers, and Navid Mader. "“Vascular Outlining”: Augmented Imaging for Transfemoral Access—A Preclinical Investigation." Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon 68, no. 02 (February 28, 2018): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1629922.

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Abstract Background Advanced visualization software tools have been used in clinics to improve the safety and accuracy of transcatheter procedure. Imaging techniques have greatly evolved during the era of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). In a retrospective analysis, we investigated the feasibility of augmented fluoroscopy for iliofemoral access using a novel “Vascular Outlining” roadmapping technology. Methods The Vascular Outlining prototype device (Philips Healthcare) application was used with iliofemoral angiography of 10 patients undergoing transfemoral TAVI. The software processes any conventional angiographic sequences, extracting the static outline of vessels and projecting the two-dimensional vessel margins as a roadmap on live fluoroscopy. Post-processed results were clinically assessed to determine whether the technical performance of the tool is sufficient. Results Augmented imaging was possible in all investigated angiography sequences. The analysis of software-generated images showed accurate projection of the two-dimensional outline of the iliofemoral vessels as an overlay on the live fluoroscopy image in most cases. Overlay inaccuracy was only observed in cases with low contrast or patient movement. Conclusion In static and contrasted angiography sequences, “Vascular Outlining” showed accurate image overlay. We identified that the quality of the vascular outline is dependent on the opacification of the contrast injection and the stability of the patient on the table. With further development. this application might increase the accuracy of femoral puncture and reduce the incidence of vascular complications. Clinical trials are needed to confirm these hypotheses.

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Çelik, Özgür, Mika Niemelä, Rossana Romani, and Juha Hernesniemi. "Inappropriate Application of Yaşargil Aneurysm Clips: A New Observation and Technical Remark." Operative Neurosurgery 66, suppl_1 (March 1, 2010): ons—84—ons—87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000348008.89027.c1.

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Abstract Objective: Recurrences after complete surgical clipping of an aneurysm base are rare. We describe a potential reason for such recurrences: the inappropriate application of a popular aneurysm clip. Clinical Presentation: We present 3 cases in which intraoperative indocyanine green video angiography after clipping clearly demonstrates filling of the aneurysm. Intervention: During surgery, the necks of the aneurysms were clipped with Yaşargil aneurysm clips (Aesculap AG & Co., Tuttlingen, Germany) without any problems; however, indocyanine green video angiography after clipping showed filling of the aneurysms through the point located at the junction of the blade and spring portions of the clips. In the first patient, the aneurysm sac was further coagulated, and a second, smaller clip was applied to completely occlude the untreated part. In the second patient, the clip was replaced with a different clip that had longer blades. In the third patient, 2 additional clips were applied, and the aneurysm sac was also coagulated. The postoperative computed tomographic angiographic examinations showed total occlusion of the aneurysms and patency of the parent arteries. All patients achieved full recovery after the operations. Conclusion: We present here, for the first time, evidence that the small orifice located at the junction of the blade and spring portions of Yaşargil aneurysm clips can lead to failure of initial surgery and/or recurrence. This can be avoided by using clips with slightly longer blades to keep the orifice away from the aneurysm or by applying a second clip to occlude the untreated part.

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Dita Mintardi, AK Ansyori, and Ramzi Amin. "Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography." Sriwijaya Journal of Ophthalmology 2, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/sjo.v2i1.20.

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Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) is a new high-resolution imaging method for visualizing retinal and choroidal circulation without any dye injection By detecting intravascular flow quickly when needed and being able to repeat images, as often as needed, without risk to patients, doctors will value OCTA as one of the most important applications of OCT imaging because of its ability to offer precise visualization of intravascular flow in the inner retina layer and outside, as well as the inner choroid. OCTA uses high-speed structural OCT imaging and provides three-dimensional data about microvascular structures, enabling visualization of the en face apart from the retinal capillary plexus and choriocapillaris, combined with co-registered en face and cross-sectional structural OCT. Although OCTA is a strong modality, it can have imaging artifacts and provide information that is inherently more complex than structural OCT alone. Successful interpretation of OCTA findings requires an understanding of how OCTA works, the relationship of various ocular pathologies to its angiographic features, and integrated assessment of angiographic and structural OCT data.

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Kumazaki, Tatsuo. "Therapeutic applications of angiographic procedure." Journal of Nippon Medical School 54, no. 1 (1987): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1272/jnms1923.54.85.

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Murrone, Adriano, Fortunato Scotto di Uccio, Vincenzo Amodeo, Nadia Aspromonte, Pasquale Caldarola, Gianni Casella, Manlio Cipriani, et al. "ANMCO POSITION PAPER: Timing of coronary angiography in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes." European Heart Journal Supplements 23, Supplement_C (August 1, 2021): C196—C203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/suab068.

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Abstract The European Society of Cardiology guidelines on non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes suggest different temporal strategies for the angiographic study depending on the risk profile. The scientific evidence underlying the guideline recommendations and the critical issues currently existing in Italy, that often do not allow either an extended strategy of revascularization within 24 h or the application of the principle of the same day transfer from a spoke to a hub centre, are analysed. The position paper focuses, in particular, on the subgroup of patients with a defined diagnosis of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction by proposing a timing of coronary angiography/revascularization that takes into account the available scientific evidence and the organizational possibilities of a considerable part of national cardiology services.

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Bastarrika, Gorka, Yeong Shyan Lee, Balazs Ruzsics, and U. Joseph Schoepf. "Coronary CT Angiography: Applications." Radiologic Clinics of North America 47, no. 1 (January 2009): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcl.2008.10.010.

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Cui, Dong, Minmin Liu, Lei Hu, Keju Liu, Yongxin Guo, and Qing Jiao. "The Application of Wavelet-domain Hidden Markov Tree Model in Diabetic Retinal Image Denoising." Open Biomedical Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (August 31, 2015): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874120701509010194.

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The wavelet-domain Hidden Markov Tree Model can properly describe the dependence and the correlation of fundus angiographic images’ wavelet coefficients among scales. Based on the construction of the fundus angiographic images from Hidden Markov Tree Models and Gaussian Mixture Models, this paper applied expectation-maximum algorithm to estimate the wavelet coefficients of original fundus angiographic images and the Bayesian estimation to achieve the goal of fundus angiographic images denoising. As is shown in the experimental result, compared with the other algorithms as mean filter and median filter, this method effectively improved the peak signal to noise ratio of fundus angiographic images after denoising and preserved the details of vascular edge in fundus angiographic images.

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Cole, Pitricia L. "CARDIACs APPLICATION OF DIGITAL ANGIOGRAPHY." Chest 100, no. 1 (July 1991): A—22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-3692(16)37460-8.

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Schwartz, Robert S. "Cardiac Application of Digital Angiography." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 65, no. 3 (March 1990): 451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-6196(12)62561-0.

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Dean, Larry S. "Cardiac Application of Digital Angiography." Critical Care Medicine 19, no. 1 (January 1991): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199101000-00041.

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PORT, S., and F. WACKERS. "Clinical application of radionuclide angiography†." Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 2, no. 6 (November 1995): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1071-3581(05)80049-2.

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Port, Steven C., and Frans J. Th Wackers. "Clinical application of radionuclide angiography." Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 3, no. 1 (January 1996): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02984109.

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Yokoya, Shigeomi, Akihiko Hino, Yukihiro Goto, and Hideki Oka. "Complete relief of vasospasm – Effect of nicardipine coating during direct clipping for the patient with symptomatic vasospasm of subarachnoid hemorrhage." Surgical Neurology International 11 (November 18, 2020): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_640_2020.

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Background: Some patients come to the hospital presenting with ischemic neurological deficits due to postsubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) cerebral vasospasm. In such a situation, neurosurgeons tend to avoid direct clipping, since mechanical irritation to the vessels could worsen the vasospasm and exacerbate ischemic symptoms. The optimal timing of direct clipping in patients with evidence of vasospasm is undetermined. Herein, we present the case of a patient who underwent direct clipping in the presence of severe symptomatic and post-SAH angiographic vasospasm. During surgery, we coated the severely spastic artery with nicardipine. Case Description: A 49-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with the diagnosis of ruptured intracranial aneurysm and severe vasospasm. On the admission day, we performed direct clipping together with direct application of nicardipine to the spastic artery. Postoperative immediate cerebral angiography showed complete disappearance of the vasospasm. Conclusion: Direct clipping should not be contraindicated during the vasospasm period in patients with a ruptured aneurysm, and direct application of nicardipine on the spastic artery would completely relieve vasospasm.

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Barnes, Samuel R. S., and E. Mark Haacke. "Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging: Clinical Angiographic Applications." Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 17, no. 1 (February 2009): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mric.2008.12.002.

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Nejati, Mansour, Saeid Sadri, and Rassoul Amirfattahi. "Nonrigid Image Registration in Digital Subtraction Angiography Using Multilevel B-Spline." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/236315.

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We address the problem of motion artifact reduction in digital subtraction angiography (DSA) using image registration techniques. Most of registration algorithms proposed for application in DSA, have been designed for peripheral and cerebral angiography images in which we mainly deal with global rigid motions. These algorithms did not yield good results when applied to coronary angiography images because of complex nonrigid motions that exist in this type of angiography images. Multiresolution and iterative algorithms are proposed to cope with this problem, but these algorithms are associated with high computational cost which makes them not acceptable for real-time clinical applications. In this paper we propose a nonrigid image registration algorithm for coronary angiography images that is significantly faster than multiresolution and iterative blocking methods and outperforms competing algorithms evaluated on the same data sets. This algorithm is based on a sparse set of matched feature point pairs and the elastic registration is performed by means of multilevel B-spline image warping. Experimental results with several clinical data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.

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Jin, Yongcheng, Oren Sagher, Quoc-Anh Thai, Neal F. Kassell, and Kevin S. Lee. "The effects of papaverine on phorbol dibutyrate-induced vasoconstriction in brain slice microvessels." Journal of Neurosurgery 81, no. 4 (October 1994): 574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1994.81.4.0574.

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✓ Papaverine (PPV) is a nonspecific vasodilator with widespread clinical uses in the treatment of arterial spasm. It has also been utilized in an attempt to reverse cerebral vasospasm. Recent angiographic results have demonstrated significant reversal of vasospasm in large vessels after selective intra-arterial application of PPV; however, these impressive results lacked good clinical correlation. In this study, phorbol dibutyrate was used to stimulate protein kinase C in an in vitro model of cerebral microvessels. Papaverine was found to elicit a dose-dependent exacerbation of phorbol dibutyrate-induced microvascular constriction in this model system. Because protein kinase C is thought to play a key role in the development of cerebral vasospasm, PPV-induced vasoconstriction represents a potentially important deleterious effect that may not be apparent on angiography. Such a constrictor response may compromise the beneficial vasodilatory effect seen with intra-arterial injection of PPV.

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Ruggieri, P. M., T. J. Masaryk, and J. S. Ross. "Magnetic resonance angiography. Cerebrovascular applications." Stroke 23, no. 5 (May 1992): 774–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.23.5.774.

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Kuszyk, Brian S., Norman J. Beauchamp, and Elliot K. Fishman. "Neurovascular applications of CT angiography." Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 19, no. 5 (October 1998): 394–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-2171(98)90016-6.

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Gupta, Saksham, Wenya Bi, Srinivasan Mukundan, Ossama Al-Mefty, and Ian Dunn. "Applications of Dynamic CT Angiography." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base 78, S 01 (March 2, 2017): S1—S156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1600613.

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DESMOND, PATRICIA M., BRIAN M. TRESS, and ERIC J. GILFORD. "Magnetic resonance angiography. II. Applications." Australasian Radiology 37, no. 3 (August 1993): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1673.1993.tb00064.x.

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Stehling, M. K., J. A. Lawrence, J. L. Weintraub, and V. Raptopoulos. "CT angiography: expanded clinical applications." American Journal of Roentgenology 163, no. 4 (October 1994): 947–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.163.4.8092041.

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Rozen, Warren M., Daniel Chubb, Damien Grinsell, and Mark W. Ashton. "Computed Tomographic Angiography: Clinical Applications." Clinics in Plastic Surgery 38, no. 2 (April 2011): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2011.03.007.

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41

Nanjiani, Max. "Fluorescein Angiography. Technique, Interpretation, and Application." American Journal of Ophthalmology 114, no. 3 (September 1992): 382–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(14)71822-7.

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Stinn, Bjoern, Juergen Fornaro, Dennis Hibbeln, Lotus Desbiolles, Simon Wildermuth, and Sebastian Leschka. "Evaluation of a Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography Scan – Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Post-processing Techniques." European Cardiology Review 6, no. 4 (2010): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2010.6.4.10.

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Computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) is increasingly performed worldwide. For the interpretation of the acquired data set, different post-processing techniques are available, such as multiplanar reformation, maximum-intensity projections, direct volume rendering, virtual coronary angioscopy or the angiographic view. Each of these techniques shows certain advantages and disadvantages during application and image interpretation. Thus, a combination of post-processing techniques for the interpretation of CTCA studies should be used. When starting to perform and interpret CTCA, a systematic approach is mandatory for accurate diagnosis. We developed a practical algorithm in our institution for the interpretation of CTCA studies with special emphasis on interpretation steps to avoid a false-negative or false-positive diagnosis. In this article we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the different post-processing techniques available for evaluation of CTCA and provide a systematic approach for interpreting a CTCA study, with an emphasis on how to avoid false-positive and false-negative classifications.

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Liu, Duqiu, Zheng Jia, Qian Liu, Xuting Wu, Zhenbo Wang, Yujun Yu, and Gang Chen. "Application of Cardiovascular Angiography in Diagnosis of Heart Disease Based on Adaptive Tracking Circular Template Technique." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 2944–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.3238.

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Objective: To explore the application value of cardiovascular extraction technique in the complex and/or complex malformation of congenital heart disease (CHD) and the application of deep learning to the diagnosis of medical imaging. Methods: Quantitative description of cardiovascular lesions and reconstruction of three-dimensional cardiovascular using angiographic images, the cardiovascular representation of the contrast image as a single pixel wide cardiovascular skeleton, using a rotating Gaussian function to enhance the image, using adaptive tracking circular template pair Enhanced cardiovascular images for cardiovascular extraction. The 360 cases of complex and/or complex malformation were analyzed and their association with clinical examinations such as echocardiography. Results: This group of 360 patients (including 75 cases of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, 62 cases of right ventricular double exit, 60 cases of tetralogy of Fallot, 52 cases of single ventricle, 42 cases of aortic dislocation, 15 cases of tricuspid atresia, 6 cases of coronary artery Abnormalities, 5 cases of complete pulmonary venous malformation, 5 cases of complete endocardial pad defect, 4 cases of common arterial trunk, 3 cases of interventricular complete pulmonary atresia, 7 cases of other cases and 24 cases of postoperative examination) angiography. Compared with ultrasound, the latter was corrected in 34 cases, missed diagnosis in 30 cases, and misdiagnosis in 16 cases of combined malformation. The detection and diagnosis of collateral vessels, coronary artery malformations and branches of pulmonary arteries and their abnormalities in complex and/or complex malformations are superior to echocardiography, and can measure pulmonary arterial and venous pressures and collateral vessel pressure It is superior to other imaging methods. Conclusions: Cardiac angiography (DSA) is still important for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of difficult cases of congenital heart disease complex and/or complex malformation, especially showing the whole appearance and related lesions of the body, lung and coronary branches, as well as measuring pulmonary artery and ventricular pressure.

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Dommke, Christoph, Tim Süselbeck, Ines Streitner, Dariush Haghi, Jürgen Metz, Martin Borggrefe, Christian Herdeg, and Karl Haase. "Local paclitaxel delivery after coronary stenting in an experimental animal model." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 98, no. 09 (2007): 674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th07-01-0074.

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SummaryThe goal of this study was to test the safety and efficacy of local paclitaxel delivery via a newly designed application catheter in an experimental animal study. Drug-eluting stents reduce restenosis in comparison to bare-metal stents. The drug-eluting polymer, however, may exert potential thrombogenic and inflammatory effects. A catheter-based local paclitaxel delivery offers further advantages, particularly a homogenous drug transfer into the vessel wall and a pharmacotherapy of the stent edges. In 30 pigs, both bare-metal stent (3.0 × 13mm) implantation and balloon angioplasty were performed. Ten pigs received subsequent local delivery of paclitaxel-solution via a newly designed catheter (Genie™, ACROSTAK corp., Switzerland), 10 animals served as a sham group and received vehicle (0.9% NaCl solution) and 10 animals were used as a control group. All animals were treated with aspirin and clopidogrel to prevent stent thrombosis. After final angiography the vessels were excised 42 days after intervention and prepared for histological and histomorphometric analysis. All coronary arteries showed complete endothelialization 42 days following treatment. Paclitaxel treatment led to a marked reduction of neointimal proliferation either post stent implantation (neointimal area: 1.04 ± 0.10 mm2 vs. 2.37 ± 0.23 mm2, p<0.001) or post balloon dilatation (neontimal area: 0.35 ± 0.14 mm2, vs. 0.68 ± 0.24 mm2, p<0.01).There were no significant angiographic or histomorphometric differences between the control and the sham group. In both paclitaxel groups neither angiographic edge phenomena nor a significant histomorphometric inflammatory response were found in the treated vessel segments. In conclusion, the local application of paclitaxel via the Genie™ catheter is safe and effective to significantly reduce the proliferative response post-stent implantation or balloon dilatation in an experimental animal model.

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Chen, Michael. "Interventional Neurology—Recent Advances and New Applications." US Neurology 07, no. 01 (2011): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usn.2011.07.01.37.

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Interventional neurology refers to endovascular, catheter-based techniques using fluoroscopy and angiography to diagnose and treat vascular disease of the central nervous system. This article provides an update on the recent advances and newer applications of diagnostic cerebral angiography, acute endovascular stroke treatment, revascularization of carotid and intracranial stenosis, as well as cerebral aneurysm treatment. More importantly, however, is demonstrating not only how diagnostic cerebral catheter angiography has been redefined, but also how the associated interventional procedures have transformed the therapeutic landscape for stroke patients.

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Lescher, Stephanie, Sonja Gehrisch, Sigrun Klein, and Joachim Berkefeld. "Time-resolved 3D rotational angiography: display of detailed neurovascular anatomy in patients with intracranial vascular malformations." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 9, no. 9 (August 4, 2016): 887–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2016-012462.

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PurposeThe purpose of this pilot study was to demonstrate the applicability of time-resolved three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from 3D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) rotational angiography (RA) datasets (four-dimensional (4D) DSA) to provide a more detailed display of the architecture of intracranial vascular malformations.MethodsThe experimental reconstruction software was applied to the existing 3D DSA datasets obtained with Siemens Artis zee biplane neuroangiography equipment. We included 27 patients with clinical indications for 3DRA for preinterventional or preoperative evaluation of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs, n=8) or arteriovenous malformations (AVMs, n=19). A modified DSA acquisition protocol covering an extended rotation angle of the C-arm of 260° during a scan time of 12 s was used. 4D volumes were displayed with up to 30 frames/s in a transparent volume rendering (VRT) mode and time-resolved multiplanar reconstructions (MPRs). Arterial feeders, fistulous points, or the shunt zone within the AVM nidus and venous drainage patterns as well as associated aneurysms were assessed after definition of a standardized evaluation procedure by consensus of two reviewers in comparison with 2D DSA and conventional 3D reconstructions.ResultsIn all cases calculation of 4D reconstructions were technically feasible and evaluable. In two cases image quality was slightly compromised by movement artifacts. Compared with standard DSA projection images and 3D reconstructions, 4D VRTs and MPRs were rated significantly superior to define a proper projection and display of the shunt zone. In 12 out of 27 cases 4D reconstructions showed details of the angioarchitecture at the fistulous point or the nidus better than the other modalities and came close to the quality of superselective angiography. The efficacy of 3D and 4D applications was equal in the detection of pre- and intranidal aneurysms. The course of long arterial feeders and draining veins was difficult to assess on VRTs and MPRs. Especially for dAVFs, 2D DSA was clearly superior in identifying meningeal feeders. For detecting smaller vessels and for distinction between angiographic phases, 2D DSA is still considered to be superior to 4D imaging. Venous drainage was slightly better displayed in 4D reconstructions.ConclusionsTime-resolved 3DRA with 4D VRTs and MPRs is technically feasible and provides a detailed display of the angioarchitecture at the fistulous point or the nidus. Visualization of all angiographic features demands additional post-processing. Further standardization of evaluation tools and studies with blinded independent reviewers are necessary before the new technique can replace conventional neuroangiographic approaches.

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Wiedemann, H. P., and F. A. Heupler. "Clinical Applications of Cardiac Digital Angiography." Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 56, no. 6 (September 1, 1989): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.56.6.654-b.

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Blackham, Kristine A., Matthew A. Passalacqua, Gurpreet S. Sandhu, Robert C. Gilkeson, Mark A. Griswold, and Vikas Gulani. "Applications of Time-Resolved MR Angiography." American Journal of Roentgenology 196, no. 5 (May 2011): W613—W620. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.10.4227.

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Baum, Richard A. "Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Concepts and Applications." Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 6, no. 1 (January 1995): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1051-0443(95)71081-8.

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Hecht, Elizabeth M., and Andrew Rosenkrantz. "Pulmonary MR Angiography Techniques and Applications." Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 17, no. 1 (February 2009): 101–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mric.2009.01.001.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Application en angiographie'

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