Journal articles on the topic 'Applicability; appropriation; open innovation'
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Freel, Mark, and Paul J. Robson. "Appropriation strategies and open innovation in SMEs." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 35, no. 5 (June 26, 2016): 578–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242616654957.
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Drawing upon data from the fifth UK Innovation Survey, this article sheds light on how management choices on the nature of appropriation relate to management choices on the degree of openness within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To this end, our findings indicate a threshold effect of both informal and formal appropriation mechanisms on the likelihood of engaging in both coupled and inbound open innovation. That is, an emphasis on appropriation appears to be important in shifting firms from a closed to an open strategy. There is, however, little evidence that either approach to appropriation increases the extent of open innovation. In this, only informal intellectual property (IP) protection mechanisms associate with an increasing extent of inbound open innovation.
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WILLIAMS, CHRISTOPHER, and JAAP VOSSEN. "HOW OPEN DO MNCS NEED TO BE TO EXTRACT VALUE IN OPEN INNOVATION?" International Journal of Innovation Management 18, no. 05 (October 2014): 1450035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919614500352.
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We investigate the relationship between openness and value appropriation in the open innovation strategies of multinational corporations (MNCs). Previous research has suggested an inverted U-shaped relationship between external knowledge sourcing and innovative performance of firms engaged in open innovation (Laursen and Salter, 2006). Little research, however, has been conducted on the specific relationship between openness and value appropriation in the context of open innovation involving MNCs. To address this, we conduct a sequential mixed-methods study involving: (1) interviews with 31 elite key informants in large, well-known MNCs, and (2) a survey questionnaire of innovation managers in 75 MNCs. We find strong support for an inverted U-shaped relationship between openness and value appropriation in MNCs engaging in open innovation. Our interview data provides rich and substantive insight into this relationship. We discuss implications for theory and practice.
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Sofka, Wolfgang, Edlira Shehu, and Pedro de Faria. "Appropriation in Times of Open Innovation: Does Secrecy Still Work?" Academy of Management Proceedings 2012, no. 1 (July 2012): 15647. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2012.218.
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Carroll, Noel, and Markus Helfert. "Service capabilities within open innovation." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 28, no. 2 (March 2, 2015): 275–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-10-2013-0078.
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Purpose – Open innovation is an emerging paradigm which exposes organisations to networked capabilities and competencies though collaboration relationships. The traditional view of the organisational environment raises concerns regarding the mismatch in the methods used to assess business value and understanding service process maturity. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap. Design/methodology/approach – This paper employs a systematic literature review to present a state-of-the-art literature review with particular focus on the applicability of capability maturity models (CMM) within an open innovation context. Findings – The authors present a conceptual account of our research developments and build on the state-of-the-art which bridges open innovation and CMM. The authors provide a comprehensive discussion on the literature and challenge the applicability of individual organisations evolving through maturity stages. The authors identify a significant gap in the emergence of open innovation and CMM and present a service capability sourcing model (SCSM) to bridge these two research areas. Practical implications – Unpacking the nature of service capabilities allows us to understand the primary components of value co-creation and their contribution towards service maturity within an open service innovation environment. The authors verify the explanation model using a cloud computing scenario within an open service innovation environment. Originality/value – The contribution of this paper is an explanation model of an open service innovation environment through our SCSM. Though an open innovation perspective, the authors examine the nature of service capabilities and the suitability of traditional CMM in a modern service context.
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Romero-Rodríguez, José-María, María-Soledad Ramírez-Montoya, Inmaculada Aznar-Díaz, and Francisco-Javier Hinojo-Lucena. "Social Appropriation of Knowledge as a Key Factor for Local Development and Open Innovation: A Systematic Review." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 2 (June 19, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6020044.
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The social appropriation of knowledge is an emerging descriptor in political agendas, since it drives social development and innovation. The relevance of this strategy lies mainly in the fact that scientific knowledge is made available to the population for its use and application. The purposes of this study were to identify the context and purpose presented by the experiences of social appropriation of knowledge, and to analyze the linkage of the experiences with the sectors that make up the pentahelix. To this end, a systematic review methodology was proposed in the Web of Science (WOS) and SCOPUS. Following the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 14 articles were analyzed. The results showed the emergence of this term, the geographical location of all experiences in Latin America, and the diversity of application of knowledge to favor local development. At the same time, it is shown that the institutions belonging to the government have developed experiences of social appropriation of knowledge in all other sectors of the pentahelix. Finally, we discuss the findings and implications of this study that showed the diverse experiences of social appropriation of knowledge and investigated this concept in connection to open science.
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DAHLANDER, LINUS. "APPROPRIATION AND APPROPRIABILITY IN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE." International Journal of Innovation Management 09, no. 03 (September 2005): 259–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919605001265.
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Firms in open source software (OSS) are active in a field encompassing all the characteristics of a public good, given the non-excludability and non-rivalry nature of OSS. The fact that many important inputs to the innovative process are public should not be taken to mean that innovators are prevented from capturing private returns. The objective of this paper is to explore how firms appropriate returns from innovations that are created outside the boundaries of firms and in the public domain, using the case of OSS. To do so, the paper draws upon an explorative multiple case study of five small firms that attempt to appropriate returns from OSS, with rich empirical evidence from various data sources. The cases illustrate how firms try a variety of approaches to appropriate adequate returns, and suggest that selling services is the dominant trend. Firms also balance the relative inefficiency of traditional means of intellectual property rights such as patents by putting greater emphasis on first-mover advantages and creating network externalities.
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Armstrong, Chris, and Jeremy De Beer. "Open innovation and knowledge appropriation in African micro and small enterprises (MSEs)." African Journal of Information and Communication ), no. 16 (December 15, 2015): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23962//10539/19315.
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Chrisy, Armstrong. "Open innovation and knowledge appropriation in African micro and small enterprises (MSEs)." South African Journal of Information and Communication, no. 16 (2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.23962/10539/19315.
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Fisher, Gregory J., and William J. Qualls. "A framework of interfirm open innovation: relationship and knowledge based perspectives." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 33, no. 2 (March 5, 2018): 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-11-2016-0276.
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Purpose This manuscript aims to integrate the relationship and knowledge-based theoretical perspectives of open innovation to provide a framework that identifies and classifies eight critical dimensions that influence the effectiveness of interfirm open innovation. Design/methodology/approach The literature on interfirm open innovation is reviewed. Internal firm factors and external interfirm factors of open innovation are explored. Findings The manuscript identifies four internal firm factors of absorptive capacity, control of knowledge input, relational capability and coordination capability. Further, the synthesis identifies four external firm factors of distribution of knowledge input, appropriation of knowledge output, network position and network diversity. Practical implications The organizing framework facilitates the development of eight research propositions to guide future empirical investigation. Moreover, the findings aid managers in understanding what dimensions they should consider to improve the effectiveness of their interfirm open innovation activities. Originality/value By considering both the relationship and knowledge-based perspectives, the manuscript integrates various perspectives of open innovation to provide direction for practicing managers and for future research on interfirm open innovation.
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Janíčko, Michal, Zdeňka Šímová, and Denise McGrath. "Skills of PhD Graduates for Open Science and Open Innovation." Lifelong Learning 12, no. 2 (2022): 119–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/lifele20221202139.
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The study presents findings from the analysis of skills useful for Open Science (OS) and Open Innovation (OI). Employers both within and outside academia and employed PhD graduates and students in the Czech Republic, Ireland and Denmark were interviewed and job postings aimed at research vacancies were reviewed to identify key skillsets useful in broadly defined OS and OI environments. Five skill profiles of PhD graduates have been identified: (1) collaborative and interdisciplinary research, (2) practical applicability of research results, (3) involving the wider public in research, (4) use of Open Science tools and (5) career planning. Implications of the findings for possible interventions in PhD education systems are discussed.
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Shamah, Rania Abd Elmonem, and Shaymaa M. Elssawabi. "Facing the open innovation gap: measuring and building open innovation in supply chains." Journal of Modelling in Management 10, no. 1 (March 16, 2015): 50–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-02-2013-0009.
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Purpose – This study aims to develop a standardized instrument to measure open innovation and trust. The instrument is designed to examine the willingness of those involved in supply chains (SCs) to apply open innovation. It may also be used to observe the potential role of customers, competitors and suppliers in improving the performance of SCs. Design/methodology/approach – This survey of the extant studies of Multinational Automobiles Assembly lines in Egypt involved a questionnaire, which was provided across all grades at the middle managerial level. This questionnaire was divided into two main sections. The first section was concerned with elements of open innovation such as innovation, shared values and shared knowledge. The second section was focused on interrelated types of organizational and extra-organizational trust. Findings – The developed instrument was designed to access and analyze the different types of trust required for the optimal application of open innovation. Its purpose was to enhance customer satisfaction, and to help to create better internal-customer performance and the provision of innovative products. This explorative study indicated that Multinational Automobile Assembly lines in Egypt are willing to apply open innovation methods to improve their performance. Research limitations/implications – The study had a number of limitations. As the survey was conducted entirely on Multinational Automobile Assembly lines in Egypt, the applicability of the proposed scale will need to be tested further on different countries and types of industry. Originality/value – There is little empirical research about implementation of open innovation. Practitioners and researchers should find value in this unique instrument tool.
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Tamoschus, David. "Geographies of Open Source Biotechnology Innovation." International Journal of Knowledge-Based Organizations 2, no. 2 (April 2012): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkbo.2012040102.
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Virtual communication forms play an increasingly important role for innovation and knowledge creation to individuals and to public and private organizations such as research centers, universities, and firms. Whereas biotech R&D cooperation was characteristically organized in a highly specialized cluster based largely on local face-to-face communications and strategic temporary linkages to other agglomerations, this archetypal configuration may undergo changes due to the emerging applicability of open innovation models such as ‘open source biotechnology’ or the advanced integration of physicians and patients into therapy development processes. An in-depth case study of an ‘Open Source Pharma’ network portrays how innovation and knowledge integration mechanisms are put into practice through ´permanence` in virtual space. In this newly created environment a number of geographical patterns are inverted: ´local buzz` turns into ´virtual global buzz`; global pipelines transform to local pipelines. However, institutionalized norms of the virtual network illustrate noteworthy similarities with ´localized capabilities` of regional agglomerations.
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Kurniawati, Amelia, Indryati Sunaryo, Iwan Inrawan Wiratmadja, and Dradjad Irianto. "Sustainability-Oriented Open Innovation: A Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Perspective." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 2 (April 11, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8020069.
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This study aims to develop a model of sustainability-oriented open innovation from the perspective of SMEs. Sustainability performance improvement is a problem for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) due to limited resources. By implementing open innovation, SMEs can take advantage of external resources to innovate in their operations, thereby increasing sustainability performance. The model developed in this study consists of eighteen constructs: sustainability performance, innovativeness, inbound open innovation, six constructs representing organizational relationship factors, and nine constructs representing knowledge factors. The research model is evaluated using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling. The respondents of this study are 199 SMEs that produce Batik Tulis, a traditional Indonesian fabric. The result shows that innovativeness positively relates to sustainability performance and inbound open innovation has a positive relationship with innovativeness. Competence mapping and network position are the organizational factors that positively affect inbound open innovation. The knowledge factors that positively affect inbound open innovation are the appropriation of knowledge output, connective capacity, inventive capacity, and innovative capacity. Identifying these six supporting factors for sustainability-oriented open innovation in SMEs based on empirical evidence is the main theoretical contribution of this study. As a practical implication, SMEs can gradually improve these six supporting factors by being active members and contributing to industrial associations.
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Peñarroya-Farell, Montserrat, and Francesc Miralles. "Business Model Dynamics from Interaction with Open Innovation." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 1 (March 3, 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010081.
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In today’s competitive environment, firms face strong challenges. We live in a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) environment where open innovation is a strategic choice and, on top of that, the COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized most of these disrupting forces. Incumbent companies must act strategically by adapting their business model to minimize the risk and to capture the new value that emerges. This article intends to contribute to the development of the nascent stream of research that seeks to understand the evolution of Business Models through time—known as Business Model Dynamics (BMD)—and explores how to better align this evolution to the implementation settings of strategy. This exploratory study is built upon a meta-synthesis approach to identify, analyze, and clarify how academics have dealt with the three terms used in the Business Model Dynamics research strand: Business Model Innovation, Business Model Adaptation, and Business Model Evolution. The results of the meta-synthesis show that a disambiguation of concepts is necessary as, from an organizational learning point of view, it is required to provide a better connection between strategic value appropriation and changes on Business Models. This article contributes to the researcher and practitioner’s literature on Business Model Dynamics offering a clear and rigorous definition of each term from a strategic point of view, thus preventing the conceptual incoherence and their reiterated wrong use as synonyms.
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Rasiah, Rajah. "Building Networks to Harness Innovation Synergies: Towards an Open Systems Approach to Sustainable Development." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 5, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5030070.
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Open innovation has become a popular approach, especially since 2003, as people began purposively managing, evolving and harnessing knowledge flows across organizational boundaries but through increasing connections with systemic knowledge nodes relevant to the innovation process. The creation and appropriation of such knowledge has evolved rapidly with digitalization and the proliferation of broadband networks. Individuals, firms and organizations now connect and coordinate to support innovations openly across innovation systems. This paper proposes an open systems model with institutional underpinnings to not only quicken knowledge flows and expand the networks to a wider range of socioeconomic agents, but also for their inclusive participation in shaping the processes of achieving sustainable development through environmental greening and egalitarian balancing of society. In doing so, using examples, the paper focuses on developments since Schumpeter’s ground-breaking exposition of innovation to explain how individuals, firms, farms and organizations can participate actively in open innovation networks to connect productively with the critical knowledge nodes in society.
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LANE, JOE. "Secrets for Sale? Innovation and the Nature of Knowledge in an Early Industrial District: The Potteries, 1750–1851." Enterprise & Society 20, no. 4 (May 6, 2019): 861–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2019.8.
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This article investigates innovation and knowledge circulation in the North Staffordshire Potteries during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It evaluates new empirical evidence of formal and informal patterns of knowledge creation and dissemination in order to highlight tensions between forms of open knowledge sharing and the private appropriation of returns to innovative activity. By presenting new patent data, it shows that formal protection was not a widespread strategy in the industry. It uses patent specifications to determine what types of knowledge were, and could be, patented in the district, and by whom. A range of sources are used to demonstrate evidence of innovation and knowledge appropriation outside of the patent system. The article identifies distinct types of knowledge in the industry and shows how differences in these led to a range of strategies employed by potters, with the role of secrecy highlighted as a particularly prevalent and effective strategy.
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Marx, Susanne. "Open Innovation Process for Inter-Organizational Projects." Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly, no. 29 (December 31, 2021): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/csimq.2021-29.03.
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Open Innovation (OI) research has covered various organizational forms in dimensions of durability (permanent versus temporary organizing) and organizational scope (intra- or inter-organizational). Inter-organizational forms - both temporary and permanent – are regarded mainly as modes of OI. However, these organizational forms also act as initiators of OI activities to extend knowledge transfer across the inter-organizational consortium borders, which is hardly researched. To address this gap, the research presented in this article develops an OI process for inter-organizational projects (IOP) as initiators of OI. The initial model is developed by action research with an IOP of museums and educational institutions implementing a series of hackathons. The model’s applicability is then evaluated for other IOPs by a survey, indicating the model’s suitability for practitioners. Findings point to the importance of collaborative activities for aligning the OI initiative with both individual partners’ and common project goals, while outbound activities are regarded least important despite the time-limitation of the project. The research is limited by its focus on the specific IOP environment of EU-funded projects and the small scope of the survey.
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Laukkanen, Pia Hurmelinna, and Aura Soininen. "Different paths of appropriation – patent strategies and licensing practices for closed and open innovation." International Journal of Intellectual Property Management 4, no. 3 (2011): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijipm.2011.041079.
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VAN LANCKER, JONAS, ERWIN WAUTERS, and GUIDO VAN HUYLENBROECK. "OPEN INNOVATION IN PUBLIC RESEARCH INSTITUTES — SUCCESS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS." International Journal of Innovation Management 23, no. 07 (August 23, 2019): 1950064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919619500646.
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Public research organizations need to increasingly engage in open innovation processes besides classic collaboration with industry and public-private partnerships. In this study, the effectiveness of an open innovation approach is examined in three bio-economy cases set up by a public research institute, as well as the factors influencing the implementation of the approach. The results indicate that an open innovation approach can yield many beneficial outcomes in a public research context, despite a great many detrimental influencing factors. These identified adverse factors can be aggregated into four key areas, the organizational structure and culture being the prevalent. The results and the derived implications contribute to the further understanding of managerial challenges experienced when implementing open innovation to practice, deliver insights towards the applicability of open innovation in a public research environment and provide a first understanding on how the approach performs in the context of the transition towards a bioeconomy.
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Sánchez-Teba, Eva M., Mercedes Rodríguez-Fernández, and Ana I. Gaspar-González. "Social Networks and Open Innovation: Business Academic Productivity." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7020158.
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Is there any type of relationship between the academic productivity of business researchers and their social networking activity? What does this mean in terms of open innovation? With these objectives, in this paper we have focused on the Technology Acceptance Model and the concept of performativity, filling the gap that exists in the current scientific literature. At the empirical level, we carried out a review of 211 articles from the Web of Science (SSCI), obtaining a total set of 12,939 data points. Our statistical model has showed a clear symbiotic relationship between productivity in Google Scholar and presence in ResearchGate. Furthermore, researchers with a greater presence on LinkedIn or Twitter have low Google Scholar or Web of Science h-indices. We concluded that there is currently a dissociation between academic and professional online networks, something that does not help the applicability of research in business and society, the enduring aim of any search for knowledge. Information Science can play an important role in helping to bridge the gap between academia and the real world. Furthermore, in order to contribute to enhancing the role of universities in open innovation practices, it is essential to design and implement new tools such as online communities that stimulate interaction and facilitate network effects.
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Mncube, Lancelord Siphamandla, Maureen Tanner, and Wallace Chigona. "The Contribution of Information and Communication Technology to Social Inclusion and Exclusion during the Appropriation of Open Educational Resources." International Journal of Higher Education 10, no. 6 (November 1, 2021): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v10n6p245.
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The information and communication technology (ICT) comprehends with the adoption and the development of open educational resources (OER) in the educational spheres. The vast existing body of knowledge portrays several positive aspects of ICT, as it is an enabler in various domains. Hence, the combination of ICT and OER negative aspects have been, as yet, under-investigated. This study aimed to investigate both the social inclusion and the social exclusion of ICT with users appropriating of OER in open distance e-learning (ODeL) institutions. The qualitative approach was used to interpret the inclusion and exclusion factors concerned. The Model of Technology Appropriation was applied as a main theoretical underpinning of the study. The study findings show that ICT has both positive and negative impacts on the appropriation of OER. The various impacts are mostly recognisable in those developing countries where inequalities still exist, as some of the findings postulate that the innovation that is enabled through the utilisation of ICT tends to favour a select minority of rich people. For many students, ICT continues to perpetuate social exclusion. ICT innovation, including OER, has yet to fully support societal needs. Instead, it continues to promote the agendas of the global north. The study recommends the development initiatives to close the current gaps which contribute to the social exclusion. For instance, the installation of fibre optic in most deprived townships and villages can assist in eliminating inequalities associated with ICT infrastructure.
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Hsu, Robert Li-Wei. "A Grounded Theory Exploration of Language Massive Open Online Courses (LMOOCs): Understanding Students’ Viewpoints." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (February 28, 2021): 2577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052577.
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Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have been called the biggest innovation in education in 200 years for their unique attribute of being open and free to any individual with Internet access; however, their high dropout rate has led many people to be concerned or dubious about their effectiveness and applicability. The applicability of MOOCs in English for specific purposes (ESP) courses (in this case, hospitality English) needs more empirical evidence; the present study intends to help fill this gap and extend our current understanding of this issue. This study followed a grounded theory methodology to develop a theoretical model based on a constant dialogue between collected data and the literature. The results suggest that most participants had positive perceptions of language MOOCs (LMOOCs) in general, but some doubted their applicability. Most participants said they would continue to use LMOOCs for learning, depending on the attributes of specific courses. Based on the extracted data, a conceptual model for the applicability of LMOOCs is proposed.
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Ghosh, Sanchari. "Economics of Water Trading in Consumptive Use." Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research 8, no. 1-2 (November 2018): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/naturesopolirese.8.1-2.0022.
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Abstract The economics of water trading in consumptive use has often overlooked the conservation incentives inherent in such trading when institutional rules like prior appropriation govern allocation of water. Utilizing an analytical framework of water trading between two irrigation water users employing irrigation techniques of similar efficiency, the study demonstrates how trade in consumptive use of water reduces incentives for greater diversion by users with prior claims to water, as compared with trade in water diverted. It also shows that such transfer increases the marginal value of water use for those users with junior (priority) claims to water rights. In addition, it explores the applicability of METRIC as a recent innovation in measuring consumptive water use at the field level, lowering the costs of water trading at a smaller spatial scale.
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Schmidt, Suntje, Felix C. Müller, Oliver Ibert, and Verena Brinks. "Open Region: Creating and exploiting opportunities for innovation at the regional scale." European Urban and Regional Studies 25, no. 2 (April 26, 2017): 187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776417705942.
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The starting point of the article is the observation of an increasing convergence of regional development and innovation policies. These policies are heavily influenced by territorial innovation models that have been extensively revised since they first came about over 30 years ago. Yet, more recent trends towards digitalisation and conceptual advances towards a time-spatial perspective on innovation processes require a more fundamental re-thinking of the nexus of development, innovation policies and territoriality. This paper therefore aims to advance an agenda for reconceptualising region-based innovation policies beyond the assumptions of territoriality implicit in territorial innovations models and related policy schemes. “Open Region” is a heuristic way of thinking about proactive policy measures for redesigning the dialectic interplay between territorial openness and closure. These measures, in essence, aim at creating and exploiting opportunities for innovation within a region by mobilising external expertise and establishing local anchors for innovation. Finally, we address the limitations of applicability and discuss incentives for regional actors to embark on Open Region strategies. The suggested measures can work together, yet it is also possible to utilise them in an eclectic manner or to selectively recombine them in order to address different local conditions.
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LAZZAROTTI, VALENTINA, and RAFFAELLA MANZINI. "DIFFERENT MODES OF OPEN INNOVATION: A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND AN EMPIRICAL STUDY." International Journal of Innovation Management 13, no. 04 (December 2009): 615–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919609002443.
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Starting from the several conceptual and empirical studies about open innovation modes, this paper attempts to integrate them by suggesting a framework which reveals four basic ways to collaborate. Two variables are considered that represent the degree of openness for a company: (i) the number/type of partners with which the company collaborates, briefly labelled as "partner variety"; (ii) the number/type of phases of the innovation process that the company opens to external contributions, briefly labelled as "innovation funnel openness". By crossing these two variables, four basic modes of open innovation are identified: closed innovators, open innovators, specialized collaborators and integrated collaborators. The framework shows its practical validity in an empirical study that is conducted in Italy with the specific aim at verifying whether companies can really be mapped using this framework, i.e. whether the four modes of open innovation can be found in real companies (framework applicability); whether different modes correspond to different companies' strategies, capabilities, organisational and managerial processes (framework explicative power and usefulness). The framework shows that, in some cases, being totally open in innovation activities is not the only and most suitable option, but that different degrees and ways of "openness" can be implemented successfully, as well as the totally closed option.
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Petrović, Nevena, Petar Milić, and Bojan Prlinčević. "Using open government data for economic development." European Journal of Applied Economics 19, no. 2 (2022): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ejae19-39004.
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Publishing of open government data brings enormous benefits both to providers and consumers. On the one hand, governments increase their transparency and enable development of smarter and richer solutions, while on the other hand it enables various stakeholders to extract new information and create value from them. In this paper we investigate applicability of open government data for economic development and creation of value from published data. Different aspects of open government data consumption are explored, such as effectiveness, transparency and quality-and how they interrelate. They are of great importance for valorisation of open government data, and we will show that leveraging economic value of OGD must be accompanied by governments' ability to make high quality OGD available.
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L.S. Miguel, Priscila, Luiz A.L. Brito, Aline R. Fernandes, Fábio V.C.S. Tescari, and Guiherme S. Martins. "Relational value creation and appropriation in buyer-supplier relationships." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 44, no. 7 (July 29, 2014): 559–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-09-2012-0291.
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Purpose – Interfirm relationships create value, but buyers and suppliers can appropriate this value in different amounts. Using the relational-view of strategy, the purpose of this paper is to explain value creation and determine the portion of that value appropriated by each organization. Design/methodology/approach – The data source was a survey with 166 respondents covering two industries. The authors used confirmatory factor analysis to validate construct measurement and structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses. A parallel qualitative investigation composed of 31 interviews assisted in interpreting the findings. Findings – Based on the relational view of strategy, the authors found support for only two of the four hypotheses that sought to explain value creation. This result calls into question the applicability of this theory to contexts other than the automotive industry, in which it was developed. Only a joint construct combining Relational Governance and Resource Complementarity had a significant effect on relational value creation. With respect to value appropriation, although both buyers and suppliers captured part of the relational value created, the buyers tended to receive the great majority of this value. Research limitations/implications – The focussed context of this study (Brazilian companies in the personal care/cosmetics and food/beverage industries) limits its generalizability but provides deeper insight into the interpretation of its results. Practical implications – Both buyers and suppliers can benefit from collaborative relationships, but buyers appear to capture a larger share, forcing suppliers to continuously seek new sources of value. Originality/value – This paper bridges the gap between the buyer-supplier literature and the definition of competitive advantage as value creation found in the strategic management literature. This study proposes and tests an integrative definition of the relational value that is created and appropriated in a dyad. Keywords Buyer-supplier, Relational-view of strategy, Value creation and appropriation Paper type Research paper Resumen Objetivo Objetivo – Las relaciones entre empresas generan valor, pero los compradores y proveedores puede apropiarse de este valor en cantidades diferentes. Usando una perspectiva relacional (relational-view) de la estrategia, este articulo explica la creación de valor y determina la proporción de ese valor asignado por cada organización. Diseño/metodología/enfoque – Nuestra fuente de datos fue una encuesta con 166 respuestas abarcando dos industrias. Usamos el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio para validar los factores construidos y modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para evaluar las hipótesis. Una investigación cualitativa paralela compuesta por 31 entrevistas ayudó a interpretar los hallazgos. Hallazgos – Basados en la perspectiva relacional de la estrategia, encontramos respaldo sólo para dos de las cuatros hipótesis que buscaban explicar la creación del valor. Este resultado invita a preguntar la aplicabilidad de esta teoría a contextos más allá de la industria automotriz, en donde se desarrolló. Solo un factor conjunto que combina la Gobernanza Relacional y Complementariedad de Recursos tuvo un efecto significativo en la Creación De Valor Relacional. En cuanto a la apropiación de valor, aunque ambos compradores y proveedores capturan parte del valor relacional creado, los vendedores tendieron a recibir la gran mayoría de este valor. Limitaciones/implicaciones del estudio – El contexto en el cual se focalizó este estudio (Empresas Brasileñas de cosméticos y cuidado personal e industrias de comidas/bebidas) limita su generalización pero provee un conocimiento más profundos a la interpretación de sus resultados. Implicaciones practices – Ambos, compradores y proveedores pueden beneficiarse de una relacion de colaboración, pero los compradores parecen capturar una mayor proporción, forzando a los proveedores a continuamente buscar nuevas fuentes de valor. Originalidad/valor – Este articulo acerca la brecha entre la literatura del comprador y proveedor y la definición de la ventaja competitiva como creación de valor hallada en la literatura de estrategia de administración. Este estudio propone y prueba una definición integradora del valor relacional que es creado y apropiado en la díada. Tipo de papel Trabajo de investigación Resumo Objetivo Objetivo – As relações entre empresas criam valor, mas os compradores e fornecedores podem apropriar-se deste valor em quantidades diferentes. Usando a Visão Relacional da Estratégia, este artigo explica a criação de valor e determina a proporção deste valor apropriado por cada organização. Desenho/metodologia/enfoque – A base de dados foi uma survey respondida por 166 empresas de dois setores industriais. Foi utilizada uma Análise Fatorial Confirmatória para avaliação dos constructos e Modelagem de Equações Estruturais para teste de hipóteses. Uma pesquisa qualitativa paralela composta de 31 entrevistas ajudou a interpretar os resultados. Achados – Baseado na Visão Relacional da Estratégia, foram confirmadas apenas duas das quatro hipóteses que buscavam explicar a criação de valor. Este resultado questiona assim a aplicabilidade desta teoria a outros setores que não a indústria automobilística, no qual esta abordagem originalmente foi desenvolvida. Somente um construto resultante da combinação dos construtos de Governança Relacional e de Complementaridade de Recursos teve um efeito significativo na criação de Valor Relacional. Quanto à apropriação de valor, embora compradores e fornecedores capturam parte do valor relacional criado, os compradores tendem a ficar com maior parte deste valor. Limitações/implicações da pesquisa – O foco desta pesquisa (empresas brasileiras dos setores de alimentos, bebidas e higiene pessoal) limita a sua generalização, embora forneça um conhecimento mais profundo à interpretação dos resultados. Implicações práticas – Tanto compradores e fornecedores podem se beneficiar de uma relação de colaboração, mas os compradores parecem capturar uma maior proporção forçando os fornecedores a continuamente buscar novas fontes de valor. Originalidade/valor – Este artigo preenche uma lacuna na literatura de comprador-fornecedor e a definição da vantagem competitiva como resultado do valor. Esta pesquisa se propõe a testar uma definição integrada do valor relacional criado e apropriado dentro de uma díade. Tipo de papel Trabalhos de pesquisa
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Chreim, Samia. "Managerial Frames and Institutional Discourses of Change: Employee Appropriation and Resistance." Organization Studies 27, no. 9 (June 28, 2006): 1261–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840606064106.
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This paper proposes that the notions of frame and frame appropriation are useful tools for the study of control in organizations, as well as for the analysis of the connection between micro-level discursive activities and wider discourses that enable and constrain such activities. To date, most studies of framing and of wider discourses have proceeded independently of each other. An empirical study of bank employees' accounts of their responses to two different changes introduced by management indicates that employees frame their responses in part according to their individual capabilities and experiences; that employee frames show an alignment with managerial frames and institutional discourses that are unified and reified; and that employee frames exhibit both alignment and misalignment with managerial frames that are open to contestation. The study also indicates that institutional discourses can both constrain and enable employee resistance to managerial frames.
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Biswas, Sharlene, and Chris Akroyd. "The governance of inter-firm co-development projects in an open innovation setting." Pacific Accounting Review 28, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 446–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-03-2016-0030.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the governance of inter-firm co-development in an open innovation setting and show how a stage-gate product development process can be used to support this relationship. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopt a qualitative case-study approach informed by ethnomethodology. Data were obtained via semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Findings They found that in an open innovation setting – where the producing partner relies on a research partner for all product development activities – a stage-gate product development process can act as a governance mechanism, as it enables the development of trust and cooperation which supports the co-development relationship. Research limitations/implications The implication of this finding is that a stage-gate process can be a flexible governance mechanism, which can adapt over time in relation to the needs of the co-development partners in an open innovation setting. This also lays the groundwork for future research to explore the applicability of this tool in other settings, e.g. outsourcing arrangements as well as help guide the design and implementation of future governance mechanisms. Originality/value In the context of accounting research, this paper helps practitioners and academics understand how a stage-gate process can be used as a governance mechanism to manage and control co-development projects in an open innovation setting.
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Thomas, P. "Cooperative Research Centres as effective institutions for contemporary models for achieving innovation in primary industry." Animal Production Science 50, no. 6 (2010): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an10004.
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The creation of a formal organisational structure that brings together the specific needs of particular industries, with the expertise and research capacity available through recognised research providers, has an underlying and undeniable logic. Cooperative Research Centres (CRCs) provide this formal structure and are generally strongly focussed on carrying out applied outcome-driven research to improve productivity through innovation. Despite this strong commercial focus and record of scientific-output CRCs, there is general recognition that adoption of research from CRCs can be improved. The present paper focuses on primary industry CRCs and discusses the applicability of contemporary innovation concepts, which have evolved through the process of industrialisation and socialisation of science, and their application for improving innovation within primary industry CRCs. Specifically considered are 4th and 5th generation innovation concepts that promote ideas within ‘Open Innovation’ and ‘Knowledge Creation’ as a means of improving innovation within the primary industry CRCs organisational structure.
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Huang, Fang, John Rice, and Nigel Martin. "Does open innovation apply to China? Exploring the contingent role of external knowledge sources and internal absorptive capacity in Chinese large firms and SMEs." Journal of Management & Organization 21, no. 5 (March 11, 2015): 594–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2014.79.
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AbstractWhile ‘open innovation’ is often considered to be an organisational strategy with universal application, its generalisability and applicability to organisations operating within emerging economies has yet to be fully explored. This study provides empirical evidence of its importance within a substantial sample of Chinese large firms and small and medium enterprises. Using Tobit regression analysis, our findings indicate that external knowledge sources from inter-firm networking are more important in creating the benefits of open innovation for Chinese small and medium enterprises than their larger peers. Linkages to university and research institutes generally have few direct effects on the innovation performance of both large and small firms in China. However, the role of universities and research institutes is shown to be important among our large firm sample when combined with evident internal absorptive capacity. This interaction is generally limited to our large firm sample, and is not as evident among small firms.Our study indicates that the barriers to the adoption of open innovation by Chinese firms might be largely related to the comparatively weak domestic research expertise and limited organisational absorptive capabilities, with this most particularly evident for small and medium enterprises.These findings suggest that, based on this evidence, there is no need for emerging economies like China to mimic the emergence path from closed to open innovation followed by developed countries. Chinese firms will be more likely to garner the benefits available from openness when they develop the capabilities required to identify, assimilate and commercialise knowledge and technologies obtained from external sources.
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Ricce, Bruno Maciel, Cristiani Aparecida Maciel Ricce, and Robson Augusto Siscoutto. "PORTUGAMESVR: O ENSINO DE PORTUGUÊS NAS ESCOLAS DE ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL ESTADUAL PAULISTA AUXILIADO POR REALIDADE VIRTUAL." COLLOQUIUM EXACTARUM 13, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ce.2021.v13.n4.e379.
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With the evolution of information technologies, the applicability in basic education in Brazilian public schools has been discussed, but few projects were, in fact, implemented, because they are difficult to implement, due to the lack of technological resources in schools and the complexity of the Portuguese language. . Information technologies are present in the daily lives of new generations and the tendency is to increase, since their use is directly related to the multiple tools of social media, games and in the various methods of internet research. However, the student environment still uses traditional teaching methods, not consistent with the student's reality, generating conflicts that can hinder learning. Therefore, this work presents a virtual reality tool that provides gamified, immersive and interactive three-dimensional virtual environments performed individually, in order to assist and facilitate the appropriation of knowledge and the teaching/learning process of Brazilian elementary school students. of the Portuguese 7Language course. This tool is aimed at improving school performance in understanding and interpreting verbal and non-verbal language, making students autonomous, supportive and competent. The virtual environments were evaluated by the project researchers through a specific usability questionnaire for this type of environment, obtaining a final average of 4.93 out of 5.0, being considered suitable for future use in classrooms.
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Hartog, Martijn, Bert Mulder, Bart Spée, Ed Visser, and Antoine Gribnau. "Open Data Within governmental Organisations: Effects, Benefits and Challenges of the Implementation Process." JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government 6, no. 1 (October 22, 2014): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v6i1.291.
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This article describes the growth of open government, open data and the means for transparency and accountability but aims to reflect on the bottlenecks and actual practicallity of opening data to the public domain by two governmental bodies. The Municiaplity of The Hague and The Province of South-Holland of The Netherlands are part of 2 research programmes called ‘Government of the Future’, which main goals are to explore and establish knowledge on societal innovation by new applications and possibilities of long term effects of ICT’s in the public sector. Part of these programmes are themes as transparecny and open data, which are viewed form the somewhat pragmatic and operational side of its applicability. The paper shows the development within the governmental bodies and captivates the ‘readiness’ for open data.
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Allahar, Haven. "Innovation management and Value Chain Design: Case of a Small Professional Services Firm." International Journal of Innovation 7, no. 2 (April 4, 2019): 192–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/iji.v7i2.380.
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The concepts of innovation and innovation management were usually associated with large firms in developed countries that focused on product manufacturing. More recently, researchers turned to studies of innovation in services and the relevance to small firms in developing countries. This paper explores the relevance and applicability of the concept of innovation management to small firms, particularly in the field of professional services, in the context of a developing state. A qualitative research method was employed involving collection and analysis of published articles, reports, and leading texts on the subject of innovation management. The main finding is that innovation management is highly relevant to small firms especially those that operate in the services sector. The value of the paper lies in the fact that innovation management and value chain innovation were not previously investigated in small professional services firms in the Caribbean, and, therefore, the paper contributes to filling that gap in the literature. The practical implications for managers are that open innovation and services innovation must be embraced, and business model and value chain innovation are critical to small firm delivery of services.
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AGOGUÉ, MARINE, ANNA YSTRÖM, and PASCAL LE MASSON. "RETHINKING THE ROLE OF INTERMEDIARIES AS AN ARCHITECT OF COLLECTIVE EXPLORATION AND CREATION OF KNOWLEDGE IN OPEN INNOVATION." International Journal of Innovation Management 17, no. 02 (April 2013): 1350007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919613500072.
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This paper questions the applicability of traditional notions of intermediary activities, which are usually categorized as either brokering or networking, in cases of high uncertainty regarding technologies, markets or which actors to involve. In the case of collaborative open innovation, especially in circumstances when no single organization is able to take on the challenge alone, the activities traditionally associated with intermediation do not suffice to describe what an intermediary can do to support innovation. This paper presents two cases of intermediaries working with the early phases of traffic safety innovations, and how they have managed to develop their activities beyond solely brokering and networking, but also to take an active role in the process of joint exploration and creation of knowledge. We use a qualitative approach to analyze the two cases in order to provide examples of how rethinking intermediation activities can support open innovation in a collaborative setting. The findings suggest that intermediaries can take on a more active role, which could be described as an architect which designs prerequisites and offers leadership in the process of joint exploration and creation of knowledge.
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Brunker, Nicole. "Stepping off the drunkard’s path to walk the “wild side”." Qualitative Research Journal 19, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-d-18-00025.
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Purpose Working creatively as a researcher should be a core foundation in doctoral studies, though it may be an isolating, even risky, endeavour. The purpose of this paper is to share the author’s journey through the “darkness” of innovation in research methodology. Design/methodology/approach At the heart of this research journey was Portraiture (Lawrence-Lightfoot, 1983), which emerged early in the post-modern evolution of qualitative research. While exploring Portraiture, the author found researchers used this methodology in varying ways: application, appropriation and interpretation. In stumbling through Portraiture, the author discovered patchwork as their bricoleur’s toolbag. Patchwork provided a torch that gave light to the darkness of the research process enabling interpretation of Portraiture for alignment of method and research problematic[1]. Findings Looking back at the research journey, the author recognises the steps into post-qualitative research and the need for methodological innovators to share their journeys for inspiration, to develop understanding and open the way to greater creativity and innovation during the research process. Originality/value This paper provides an original view to Portraiture along with the addition of patchwork as a way of engaging with methodology as well as data.
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Wang, Gangfeng, Xitian Tian, and Junhao Geng. "Optimal Selection Method of Process Patents for Technology Transfer Using Fuzzy Linguistic Computing." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/107108.
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Under the open innovation paradigm, technology transfer of process patents is one of the most important mechanisms for manufacturing companies to implement process innovation and enhance the competitive edge. To achieve promising technology transfers, we need to evaluate the feasibility of process patents and optimally select the most appropriate patent according to the actual manufacturing situation. Hence, this paper proposes an optimal selection method of process patents using multiple criteria decision-making and 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic computing to avoid information loss during the processes of evaluation integration. An evaluation index system for technology transfer feasibility of process patents is designed initially. Then, fuzzy linguistic computing approach is applied to aggregate the evaluations of criteria weights for each criterion and corresponding subcriteria. Furthermore, performance ratings for subcriteria and fuzzy aggregated ratings of criteria are calculated. Thus, we obtain the overall technology transfer feasibility of patent alternatives. Finally, a case study of aeroengine turbine manufacturing is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.
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Pradhan, Devasis, Arun Agarwal, Hla Myo Tun, Zaw Min Naing,, and Thandar Oo. "Critical Security & Privacy Issue in Blockchain Technology Intended to Industry 4.0." Middle East Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/merjet.2022.v02i01.001.
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Abstract: Block-chain is getting famous and one of the most widely recognized subjects can be thought of it has additionally changed the ways of life of many individuals in specific fields, in view of the effect on organizations and joins. Blockchain guarantees more dependable and fitting assets and it is exceptionally vital to remember that security and protection have a few deterrents as any innovation in this fields. The range of blockchain applications is extremely reached out into various regions in banking, wellbeing, car, the Internet of Things (IoT) and so forth. Numerous concentrates on focus on utilizing the block-chain information model in various executions. Motivated from these facts, in this paper, we present a systematic review of various blockchain- based solutions and their applicability in various Industry 4.0-based applications. In this paper, we attempt to portray block-chain innovation by talking about its model of information security and protection point of view with various agreement calculations, as well as issues and open doors in blockchains.
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Jayakumar, Tulsi. "Talenthouse India: crowdsourcing the Indian national anthem." Journal of Business Strategy 37, no. 4 (July 18, 2016): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-06-2015-0064.
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Purpose This paper aims to understand the process of value creation and value capture through open innovation strategies such as crowdsourcing in emerging economies (EEs) like India. The paper seeks to understand that crowdsourcing strategies offer both potential as well as challenges to value creation and capture in EEs. Design/methodology/approach The paper follows a case study approach. Building on interviews with company officials, the paper looks at the process of value creation and value capture by Talenthouse India through its unique “My Nation My Anthem” (MNMA) initiative. Findings With growing internet penetration and the presence of a demographic dividend, crowdsourcing presents high potential in EEs like India. EE firms may strategize to use the creativity and ideas of “crowds” to drive value creation and value capture. However, understanding the limits of such strategies, in particular those relating to the crowds (their composition, access to them and their motivators) and the access to technology, is important. The result of the MNMA initiative was a 52-second crowdsourced national anthem that generated sufficient value for the crowdsourcing intermediary (Talenthouse), the client firm (PVR) and the entire ecosystem. Originality/value The significance of open innovation models has been demonstrated in settings involving high-tech industries, producing high-value goods, in advanced economies. The paper finds the applicability of such models to low-tech, less mature industries, involving experience goods in EEs like India.
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Mocciaro Li Destri, Arabella, and Giovanna Lo Nigro. "The relationship between institutions and value creation in software development models." European Journal of Management and Business Economics 27, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejmbe-09-2017-0016.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the possibility for firms to consider institutional settings to systematically direct dispersed individual efforts of discovery and invention towards objects (products or processes) of their interest in order to enhance their value creation capacity. Design/methodology/approach The authors conduct a comparative analysis of the different institutional settings within which software products are invented and produced – closed producer-centred model, open user-centred model, and hybrid interactive producer-user model. Findings The authors draw indications regarding the possibility to design institutional settings for value creation and the potential pitfalls tied to these strategic tools. Originality/value A theoretical framework is elaborated in order to understand the different ways in which institutional contexts influence and direct value creation processes. The model analysed shows the firms’ deliberate attempt to stimulate a dynamic process of social interaction and communication which may foster higher levels of creativity and innovation. In order to guarantee the necessary accessibility and to sufficiently motivate external programmers towards the perception of a new code, the firm has to surrender the traditional source through which it appropriates value: barriers to the accessibility of the code developed through IPRs. The adoption of an institutional setting which facilitates dynamic value creation processes suggests, therefore, the need to turn to dynamic mechanisms for value appropriation in parallel.
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Joseph, Rojers Puthur. "Medknow Publications: a success model in the digital era." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 5, no. 8 (November 26, 2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-02-2015-0018.
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Subject area Innovation Strategy/Entrepreneurship. Study level/applicability The case can be used in an MBA/postgraduate management program for a course on Innovations Strategy with a focus on disruptive innovation, specifically in relation to disruption in the value chain with the adoption of new technologies or for a course on Entrepreneurship focusing on the opportunities created by the Internet-based technologies for start-up businesses. Alternatively, it can be used in a course on e-commerce strategies, particularly to demonstrate the efficiency of online distribution vis-à-vis physical channels. Case overview The case illustrates how Medknow Publications created a profitable e-commerce model out of a struggling conventional business, namely, the learned society journal publishing. It also provides a useful ground to discuss the challenges faced by the conventional scholarly journal publishing models, the current crisis in scholarly journal publishing and how Medknow, a disruptive business model innovation, would address these issues. Besides, the case illustrates how Medknow created a sustainable “for-profit” alternative to the prevailing not-for-profit models of open access publishing. Expected learning outcomes After the analysis and discussion of this case, students will be able to: appreciate how technological innovation can disrupt existing business models; understand how digitization helps improve the efficiency of value chain in the content industry, particularly the scholarly journal publishing industry; and appreciate that the flexibility of digitized content and the global reach of the Internet have the potential to transform the scholarly journal publishing industry for good. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Marks, Jonathan, and Karen Hidden. "Brownies & Downies: coffee, culture and community: a social innovation that supports the intellectually disabled." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 8, no. 1 (January 18, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-12-2016-0220.
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Subject area Entrepreneurship; Social entrepreneurship. Study level/applicability Graduate level. Case overview This paper, The Brownies & Downies case study, aims to examine a social enterprise that provides employment, training and job placements for people with intellectual disability within a trendy artisanal coffee shop in Cape Town, South Africa. The business is based on a similar establishment (same name) in The Netherlands and was brought to Cape Town by Wendy Vermeulen, a Dutch national who completed a social development internship in Cape Town. The case is located within the field of social enterprise with a particular focus on the tension between purpose and profit and the pressure and challenges of replication, growth and scale/expansion. The protagonist in the case is Wade Schultz, Wendy’s business partner, who is grappling with how to not only remain true to the social purpose of the business but also turn a profit in the pressured and competitive coffee industry. He is further challenged by deciding whether to expand the existing training business into other sectors or seek a replication model in other South African cities as a means of growing revenue and increasing the social impact. Expected learning outcomes The key learning from this case study are as follows: First, intellectual disability is a hidden form of disability, often misunderstood and subject to prejudice and discriminatory hiring practices. Intellectual disability exists on a scale – some individuals are able to work outside of pretexted or sheltered workspaces. Greater effort is required within open workplaces to sensitive staff to working with/alongside intellectually disabled people. This case illustrates a social enterprise model that seeks to bridge the gap between sheltered workspaces and open workspaces. Second, most social enterprises grapple with the tension between profit and purpose; this case presents a company that is living this dilemma. The importance of remaining true to purpose needs to be balanced carefully against becoming economically self-sufficient; however, the pursuit of profits should not happen at the cost of social mission. Alternate business models are a mechanism to building revenue to support the social objective. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS: 3: Entrepreneurship.
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Masoumi, Hadi, Bahar Farahani, and Fereidoon Shams Aliee. "Systematic and ontology-based approach to interoperable cross-domain open government data services." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 16, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 110–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-08-2021-0132.
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Purpose Open government data (OGD) has emerged as a radical paradigm shift and endeavor among government administrations across the world mainly due to its promises of transparency, accountability, public-private collaboration, civic participation, social innovation and data-driven value creation. Complexity, cross-cutting nature, diversity of data sets, interoperability and quality issues usually hamper unlocking the full potential value of data. To tackle these challenges, this paper aims to provide a novel solution using a top-down approach. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors propose a systematic ontology-based approach combined with a novel architecture and its corresponding processes enabling organizations to carry out all the steps in the OGD value chain. In addition, an OGD Platform including a portal (www.iranopendata.ir) and a data management system (www.ogdms.iranopendata.ir) are developed to showcase the proposed solution. Findings The efficiency and the applicability of the solution are evaluated by a real-life use case on energy consumption of the buildings of the city of Tehran, Iran. Finally, a comparison was made with existing solutions, and the results show the proposed approach is able to address the existing gaps in the literature. Originality/value The results imply that modeling and designing the data model, as well as exploiting an ontology-based approach are critical pillars to create rich, relevant and well-described OGD data sets. Moreover, clarity on processes, roles and responsibilities are the key factors influencing the quality of the published data services. Thus, to the best of the knowledge, this is the first study that exploits and considers an ontology-based approach in a top-down manner to create OGD data sets.
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Medveckis, Arturs, Tamara Pigozne, and Dzintars Tomsons. "Enhancement of Educators’ Digital Competences in the Acquisition Programming Fundamentals in Programming Environment Scratch." World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues 13, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 934–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjet.v13i4.6276.
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Life-long learning, including development of professional competence, is an essential paradigm of the 21st century. The goal of this research is to analyse the quality and efficiency of the educators’ professional competence enhancement programme dubbed “Fundamentals of Programming in Visual Programming Environment Scratch” in accordance with the following criteria: organization, lecturer’s competence, quality of handouts, content, expectations, usefulness, applicability, and the overall assessment of the programme. The target group of the research is 98 educators of Latvia. Data was collected using close and open questions to ensure triangulation of data. Results were analysed using SPSS 20. The correlation coefficient was used to analyse the data. Per the results of the analysis, the acquisition of the professional competence enhancement programme, educators have significantly improved their knowledge in programming, as well as the digital competence in general
Keywords: educators’ professional competence; digital competence; fundamentals of programming; programming environment; Scratch.
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Djurian, Arisa, Tomohiro Makino, Yeongjoo Lim, Shintaro Sengoku, and Kota Kodama. "Trends of Business-to-Business Transactions to Develop Innovative Cancer Drugs." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 9, 2020): 5535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145535.
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A key concept in the pharmaceutical industry is open innovation, in which pharmaceutical companies contribute to human health and adapt to a changing business environment by acquiring external knowledge. As successful drug discoveries and developments have become challenging, pharmaceutical companies must proactively pursue the open innovation of new drugs through various inter-firm partnerships to be more sustainable. This study aims to interpret the trend of inter-firm partnerships in the development of cancer drugs and to evaluate their effectiveness by examining inter-firm transactions related to cancer drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It is a novel approach to exercise this on each product instead of at the company level. The findings revealed that the number of inter-firm transactions in the oncology field has increased over the past 20 years. Furthermore, the annual number of transactions related to biologics has surpassed that of small molecules since 2015 and has been primarily driven by three PD-(L)1 inhibitors: Keytruda, Opdivo, and Tecentriq. Moreover, the average number of inter-firm transactions related to biologics is significantly higher than that of small molecules in total, in alliances, and in financing, suggesting that inter-firm transactions for biologic cancer drugs actively occur through various means. Additionally, a positive and significant correlation exists between the number of transactions and the average number of approved indications for biologics, but not for small molecules. These results suggest that the observed trend of active inter-firm transactions is key in increasing the probability of success in cancer drug research and development. This could provide a potential breakthrough in this industry for the successful development of innovative drug candidates to address unmet medical needs. Further study is necessary to confirm the applicability of this paradigm in broader drug discoveries and development.
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Luu, Thi Thanh An, and John R. Baker. "Exploring Consumers’ Purchase Intention of rPET Bottle-Based Apparel in an Emerging Economy." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010022.
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This study investigated the applicability (generalizability) of utilizing a partial least squares (PLS) model previously posed to predict consumer purchase intention (PI) of recycled plastics-sourced apparel in a developed economy to predict PI in an emerging economy. To explore the original model’s generalizability, 495 Vietnam residents were surveyed via social media platforms (SMPs). Using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) path analysis, it was found that three factors significantly affect PI (quality, sustainability, safety), albeit not the same organization of factors found to be significant in the original model. Thus, it is argued that consumer PI in emerging economies may not be entirely congruent with that of developing economies. As prior research of consumer PI of apparel made from recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (rPET) bottle fibers in emerging economies is limited, the results of this study, in support of open innovation, provide practical suggestions for marketers and a starting point for future investigations and discussions. The paper also discusses the findings’ relevancy to other contexts and poses suggestions for further study.
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Luu, Thi Thanh An, and John R. Baker. "Exploring Consumers’ Purchase Intention of rPET Bottle-Based Apparel in an Emerging Economy." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010022.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the applicability (generalizability) of utilizing a partial least squares (PLS) model previously posed to predict consumer purchase intention (PI) of recycled plastics-sourced apparel in a developed economy to predict PI in an emerging economy. To explore the original model’s generalizability, 495 Vietnam residents were surveyed via social media platforms (SMPs). Using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) path analysis, it was found that three factors significantly affect PI (quality, sustainability, safety), albeit not the same organization of factors found to be significant in the original model. Thus, it is argued that consumer PI in emerging economies may not be entirely congruent with that of developing economies. As prior research of consumer PI of apparel made from recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (rPET) bottle fibers in emerging economies is limited, the results of this study, in support of open innovation, provide practical suggestions for marketers and a starting point for future investigations and discussions. The paper also discusses the findings’ relevancy to other contexts and poses suggestions for further study.
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Li, Sheng-Zhong, Feng Zhao, and Qi-Jun Ni. "Bow and Stern Shape Integrated Optimization for a Full Ship by a Simulation-based Design Technique." Journal of Ship Research 58, no. 02 (June 1, 2014): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.2014.58.2.83.
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Advanced computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques and optimization algorithms are successfully integrated together into what is known as Simulation-based Design (SBD) techniques, which open a new situation for hull-form optimization design and configuration innovation. In this article, fundamental elements of the SBD techniques are described and crucial components are analyzed profoundly with a focus on breaking through key technologies as global optimization algorithms, hull geometry modification and reconstruction, and code integration. Then, combined with high-fidelity CFD codes (on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes), an automatic hull-form design optimization framework is established. Based on that, the full ship (bulk carrier) is optimized by selecting the total resistance and the quality of propeller disk wake field as objective functions. The results show that the decrease of the total resistance is significant at the possible speed range with a reduction of approximately 5% taking into account gains of propulsion efficiency produced by the improvement of wake field, the comprehensive energy-saving effect will be further expanded. The example confirms the applicability of the developed SBD frame-work to the full ship design problems.
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Jansz, Sascha Naomi, Terry van Dijk, and Mark P. Mobach. "Facilitating campus interactions – critical success factors according to university facility directors." Facilities 39, no. 9/10 (May 7, 2021): 585–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-03-2020-0031.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate which critical success factors (CSFs) influence interaction on campuses as identified by the facility directors (FDs) of Dutch university campuses and to discuss how these compare with the literature. Design/methodology/approach All 13 Dutch university campus FDs were interviewed (office and walking interview), focussing on CSFs relating to spaces and services that facilitate interaction. Open coding and thematic analysis resulted in empirically driven categories indicated by the respondents. Similarities and differences between the CSFs as previously identified in the literature are discussed. Findings The following categories emerged: constraints, motivators, designing spaces, designing services, building community and creating coherence. The campus is seen as a system containing subsystems and is itself part of a wider system (environment), forming a layered structure. Constraints and motivators are part of the environment but cannot be separated from the other four categories, as they influence their applicability. Research limitations/implications This study was limited to interviews with FDs and related staff. The richness of the findings shows that this was a relevant and efficient data collection strategy for the purpose of this study. Practical implications By viewing the campus as an open system, this study puts the practical applicability of CSFs into perspective yet provides a clear overview of CSFs related to campus interaction that may be included in future campus design policies. Social implications This (more) complete overview of CSFs identified in both literature and practice will help FDs, policymakers and campus designers to apply these CSFs in their campus designs. This improved campus design would increase the number of knowledge sharing interactions, contributing to innovation and valorisation. This could create a significant impact in all research fields, such as health, technology or well-being, benefitting society as a whole. Originality/value This study provides a comprehensive overview and comparison of CSFs from both literature and practice, allowing more effective application of CSFs in campus design policies. A framework for future studies on CSFs for interaction on campuses is provided.
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Pan, Weimei. "The implementation of electronic recordkeeping systems." Records Management Journal 27, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rmj-04-2016-0014.
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Purpose This study aims to present the findings of the first phase of a project entitled Putting the “Fun” Back in “Functional”, which has been investigating the socio-technical issues surrounding users’ interaction with electronic recordkeeping systems. The ultimate goal of the project is to improve that interaction by positively influencing the way in which individuals perceive their work practices and the tools they use to accomplish them. In its first phase, the project considered the implementation of such systems for the purpose of gaining a better understanding of the factors and processes that contribute to its success. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 public employees from a large provincial government and a large city government in Canada about two information systems (ISs) – a meeting management system and an Electronic Documents and Records Management System. Findings Several salient themes emerged from the research data, including the value accorded to information and records, the implementation of electronic recordkeeping systems as a complex process, the appropriation of electronic recordkeeping systems, understanding users, ease of use and information/records specialists as part of the solution. Analysis of these themes shows that many of them can be explained through theories developed in the IS field. Research limitations/implications The results show that many themes are common across the records management and IS fields. Further, the results indicate the applicability of theories in the IS field to explain and predict the implementation of electronic recordkeeping systems. Originality/value This study is one of few that explicitly draw on IS theories to understand the implementation of electronic recordkeeping systems. The results of this study open up many opportunities for future research on electronic recordkeeping systems.