Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Applicabilità'
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Accettola, Alessandra. "Tomografia quantistica: applicabilità e limiti." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19973/.
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I presupposti alla base dell’analisi tomografica dei fenomeni quantistici furono presentati in primis da Fano nel 1957. Egli colse alcune esigenze fondanti per un approccio nuovo allo studio quantistico, ad esempio la necessità di effettuare molteplici misure su sistemi preparati identicamente per ricostruire lo stato di un sistema quantistico. La proposta che, però, diede inizio propriamente alla tomografia quantistica fu quella di Vogel e Risken. Quest’ultima consisteva nell’utilizzare gli stessi algoritmi dell’imaging per la ricostruzione di uno stato quantistico. In primo luogo verrà fatto un excursus sulla meccanica quantistica, si presenteranno gli stati coerenti e la rappresentazione di Bergmann-Fock. Dopodiché si procederà con l’affrontare l’associazione di Weyl. Tutte le strutture matematiche precedenti serviranno per il passaggio da tomografia classica a quantistica. Verranno quindi presentati il ragionamento e gli algoritmi alla base della ricostruzione della distribuzione di massa di un oggetto e quindi della tomografia classica. Dopodiché sarà posta attenzione sulla definizione della funzione di Wigner generalizzata, funzione corrispondente ad una quasi distribuzione, rilevabile sperimentalmente. Si presenterà, inoltre, la metodologia di rilevazione sperimentale. Infine, saranno presentati gli algoritmi di ricostruzione dello stato quantistico. L’ampliamento al dominio quantistico, al netto della necessità di strumenti matematici adeguati, avviene con le stesse modalità della tomografia classica. Per questo motivo e per la possibilità di definire osservabili sia classici che quantistici nello stesso spazio, si può dire che il vero raggiungimento della tomografia è nella comparazione efficace di stati classici e quantistici.
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Facchinetti, Carlo <1990>. "Applicabilità dell'art. 2467 c.c. alle società cooperative." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10151.
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Ricerca sull'applicabilità della postergazione del finanziamento soci alle cooperative, in particolare si analizzerà l'art. 2467 c.c. applicato alla s.r.l., la questione di applicabilità alle s.p.a. e la compatibilità di tale norma con i principi e le regole delle società cooperative. Infine si studierà l'art. 2497 quinquies e l'applicazione alle cooperative controllate e al gruppo cooperativo paritetico
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Martewicz, J. "CONTRADDICIBILITÀ DI NORME E APPLICABILITÀ DEL PRINCIPIO DI NON-CONTRADDIZIONE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150557.
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This Ph. D. thesis is dedicated to two great problems of the logic of norms. The first problem is: Can norms be terms of the relation of logical contradiction? The second problem is: Is it possible to formulate a deontic principle of non-contradiction (i.e. a principle of contradiction valid for norms)?
In chapter 1, I examine various philosophical presuppositions of the two questions.
In chapter 2, I examine four ways of interpreting the two questions.
In chapter 3, I propose my own hypothesis of the possibile formulation of deontic principle of non-contradiction.
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Tani, Silvio. "Applicabilità di sorgenti laser ad impulsi lunghi nella saldatura di ottone." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
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Nella seguente tesi viene affrontato il problema dell'applicabilità di sorgenti laser nella saldatura dell'ottone; questo materiale risulta difficile da saldare poiché nella lega è presente lo zinco, un elemento altamente volatile. La presenza dello zinco comporta la realizzazione di cordoni di saldatura non ottimali, caratterizzati da inclusioni e porosità. Nell'elaborato viene prima descritto il laser con le sue applicazioni industriali; poi seguono in ordine una descrizione del laser Nd:YAG, una panoramica sull'ottone OT 63 (CuZn37) trattato ed una descrizione dettagliata sul sistema laser usato per le prove in laboratorio (sistema SISMA SWA-300). Infine viene trattata in maniera molto approfondita la parte relativa alle prove effettuate sull'ottone, mettendo in evidenza i parametri usati e commentando i risultati ottenuti, in modo da avere un'idea circa l'effettiva applicabilità dei processi di saldatura laser sul materiale in oggetto.
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Di, Palma Bianca <1987>. "Applicabilità della proposta della Indipendent Commission on Banking al sistema bancario italiano." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2707.
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Partendo dalla proposta della ICB di riforma del sistema bancario inglese, l'elaborato analizza alcuni aspetti del settore bancario italiano: connessioni delle banche con imprese industriali e imprese finanziarie, problemi di corporate governance. L'obiettivo è verificare se i principi della proposta inglese possano essere validi per il sistema bancario italiano.
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Zuliani, Giulia <1994>. "EFFICIENZA, EFFICACIA E APPLICABILITÀ DEL DDMRP: Risoluzione di Problematiche Attuali di Approvvigionamento." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17542.
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Il presente studio muove dall'analisi di un caso pratico, ed attuale, con l’intento di evidenziare i benefici derivanti dalla possibile applicazione del software DDMRP. L’obiettivo è stato quello di testare l’efficienza, l’efficacia e l’applicabilità di approcci alternativi rispetto a quelli comunemente usati in azienda per affrontare problematiche riguardanti le politiche di approvvigionamento.
L’attività di ricerca si è focalizzata sull'individuazione di alcune specifiche problematiche inerenti al rifornimento di materiali all'interno dell’azienda Quadrifoglio Sistemi d’Arredo S.p.A., tramite un’analisi accurata di come tali problemi vengano concretamente affrontati. Successivamente si è proceduto alla risoluzione delle criticità adottando anche un approccio DDMRP-based. Infine, dopo aver confrontato le soluzioni proposte con la metodologia aziendale, è stato possibile valutare i benefici derivanti dall'eventuale applicazione del nuovo approccio.
La tesi ha affrontato le predette tematiche in cinque capitoli, utilizzando come principali fonti di riflessione gli articoli di settore, le pubblicazioni scientifiche, i dati di magazzino - sia forniti dall'azienda Quadrifoglio che ricavati personalmente durante il lavoro di ricerca -, il testo “Il Budget Ambientale. Programmazione e controllo della variabile ambientale” di Chiara Mio del 2001, il volume “Sistemi di controllo e misure di performance” di Robert Simons del 2008 ed il manuale “DDMRP, Demand Driven Mterial Requirements Planning, An Intuitive Proven Planning and Execution Method for Today’s Complex and Volatille Supply Chains”, Charol Ptake and Chad Smith del 2016.
Nel capitolo d’apertura è stata presentata l’azienda di riferimento e si è contestualizzato il mercato dei Mobili d’Ufficio, su cui verte l’applicazione del nuovo software DDMRP.
Successivamente, nel capitolo secondo, è stato esposto il funzionamento del sistema Material Requirements Planning e il modo in cui questa metodologia trova applicazione all'interno dell’impresa oggetto di studio. Evidenziati i difetti del software, si è proceduto alla presentazione dell’innovativo Demand Driven Material Requirements Planning, approfondendo gli aspetti più significativi della metodologia.
Dopo aver affrontato la sfera teorica, lo studio prosegue indagando, nel terzo capitolo, i profili problematici emersi in relazione a due articoli, nonché descrivendo gli spunti di risoluzione, e le considerazioni personali, in parte già accolte ed adottate dall'azienda.
La tesi raggiunge, nel quarto capitolo, il cuore della questione, con l’analisi di un bene che non presenta difficoltà oggettive specifiche, bensì buone possibilità di ottimizzazione, trattandosi di un prodotto con “più giro” rispetto ai precedenti e quindi di maggiore rilevanza per l’azienda. Il perfezionamento delle modalità di approvvigionamento di tale articolo si raggiunge tramite l’approccio alternativo DDMRP e sono state quindi presentate in modo accurato le variazioni, ed i miglioramenti, che l’utilizzo di questo software garantirebbe all'azienda.
In conclusione, nel quinto capitolo sono stati riepilogati gli eventuali benefici che il nuovo approccio potrebbe fornire alla Quadrifoglio Sistemi d’Arredo.
L’interesse di tale lavoro è stato quello di dimostrare come i mercati in cambiamento stimolino un’evoluzione di pensiero nelle aziende, le quali si vedono costrette ad accontentare le esigenze dei clienti sempre più considerevoli. L’elevata variabilità che ne deriva ha portato ad enormi mutamenti nella sfera economica e, come affermava Darwin, coloro che riescono a sopravvivere, “non sono i più forti o i più intelligenti, ma i più adattabili al cambiamento”.
Adattarsi alla variabilità sembra essere quindi l’unico metodo efficace per resistere ed avere un vantaggio competitivo all'interno dei mercati.
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Babbi, Gianluca. "GDPR: considerazioni sul grado di applicabilità e di utilità nel contesto di piccola impresa." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
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Il progetto di tesi riguarda un Software as a service (SaaS) nato dalla collaborazione con l'azienda Securitaly e dall'intento di determinare i passi necessari per raggiungere la conformità col nuovo regolamento europeo in termini di protezione di dati personali. Le aziende che decidono di adottare il sistema per controllare il flusso di accessi presso le proprie strutture è stato progettato ed implementato per supportare la raccolta di informazioni sensibili e la validazione delle certificazioni verdi COVID-19. Per raggiungere tale obiettivo, dalla ricerca in letteratura si è ritenuto necessario raggiungere la conformità alla normativa ISO/IEC 27001. L'elaborato è caratterizzato da un primo capitolo introduttivo in cui si delineano gli strumenti adottati e gli obiettivi del progetto VISITAinCLOUD; nei successivi capitoli si presentano le scelte adottate in fase di progettazione sia in termini di trattamento dei dati sensibili che in termini di user-experience. Infine, dopo aver effettuato una valutazione delle vulnerabilità per il sistema definito si effettuano considerazioni sull'applicabilità del processo condotto.
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SPARACINO, ELIO. "LA DIRETTA APPLICABILITA' DELLE NORME COSTITUZIONALI DA PARTE DEL GIUDICE ORDINARIO." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6983.
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Il lavoro di ricerca mira a dimostrare come la Costituzione italiana venga direttamente applicata dai giudici ordinari. Si compie un’analisi dei rapporti tra i giudici ordinari e la Legge fondamentale sin dall'emanazione dello Statuto Albertino e ci si concentra su alcune specifiche questioni in cui si è registrata la diretta applicazione delle norme della Statuto. La tesi mira a dimostrare come, dopo una prima fase di necessario assestamento seguente all’entrata in vigore della Costituzione repubblicana, si cominci a parlare di diretta applicazione della Costituzione nella risoluzione di problematiche inerenti il risarcimento del danno biologico e di come, attraverso il risarcimento del danno esistenziale, i giudici civili abbiano posto in essere un’applicazione a tratti eccessivamente ampia dell’art. 2 della Costituzione; si è cercato, dunque, di individuare eventuali soluzioni a tale problema.
Per quanto riguarda il giudizio penale, il lavoro di ricerca, una volta comprovata nel nostro ordinamento l’esistenza di un diritto costituzionale al dissenso alle terapie salvavita, è teso a dimostrare come i giudici penali in tale ambito si siano dimostrati meno propensi ad una piena applicazione delle norme costituzionali; si è cercato di individuarne gli aspetti problematici e si sono ripercorsi i principali orientamenti giurisprudenziali e dottrinali in materia.The research aims at demonstrating how the Italian Constitution is directly applied by civil and criminal courts. It analyzes the relationship between the courts and the constitutional law since the promulgation of the Albertine Statute (1848), and focuses on a set of specific issues where Statute provisions were directly enforced. With regard to the Republican Constitution, the dissertation seeks to explain that, after an inevitable adjustment period following its first implementation, direct application of the Constitution in the resolution of disputes concerning the compensation of physical and psychological losses has become a discussed topic; and that, through the compensation of existential losses, civil courts have occasionally applied Article 2 of the Constitution too freely and widely. Finally, the dissertation seeks to identify possible solutions to this problem. For what concerns criminal law, the research, first, argues that our legal system includes a constitutional right to refuse life-saving therapies; then, illustrates how criminal courts have been less willing to fully apply constitutional provisions, than their civil counterparts.
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SPARACINO, ELIO. "LA DIRETTA APPLICABILITA' DELLE NORME COSTITUZIONALI DA PARTE DEL GIUDICE ORDINARIO." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6983.
Full textAbstract:
Il lavoro di ricerca mira a dimostrare come la Costituzione italiana venga direttamente applicata dai giudici ordinari. Si compie un’analisi dei rapporti tra i giudici ordinari e la Legge fondamentale sin dall'emanazione dello Statuto Albertino e ci si concentra su alcune specifiche questioni in cui si è registrata la diretta applicazione delle norme della Statuto. La tesi mira a dimostrare come, dopo una prima fase di necessario assestamento seguente all’entrata in vigore della Costituzione repubblicana, si cominci a parlare di diretta applicazione della Costituzione nella risoluzione di problematiche inerenti il risarcimento del danno biologico e di come, attraverso il risarcimento del danno esistenziale, i giudici civili abbiano posto in essere un’applicazione a tratti eccessivamente ampia dell’art. 2 della Costituzione; si è cercato, dunque, di individuare eventuali soluzioni a tale problema.
Per quanto riguarda il giudizio penale, il lavoro di ricerca, una volta comprovata nel nostro ordinamento l’esistenza di un diritto costituzionale al dissenso alle terapie salvavita, è teso a dimostrare come i giudici penali in tale ambito si siano dimostrati meno propensi ad una piena applicazione delle norme costituzionali; si è cercato di individuarne gli aspetti problematici e si sono ripercorsi i principali orientamenti giurisprudenziali e dottrinali in materia.The research aims at demonstrating how the Italian Constitution is directly applied by civil and criminal courts. It analyzes the relationship between the courts and the constitutional law since the promulgation of the Albertine Statute (1848), and focuses on a set of specific issues where Statute provisions were directly enforced. With regard to the Republican Constitution, the dissertation seeks to explain that, after an inevitable adjustment period following its first implementation, direct application of the Constitution in the resolution of disputes concerning the compensation of physical and psychological losses has become a discussed topic; and that, through the compensation of existential losses, civil courts have occasionally applied Article 2 of the Constitution too freely and widely. Finally, the dissertation seeks to identify possible solutions to this problem. For what concerns criminal law, the research, first, argues that our legal system includes a constitutional right to refuse life-saving therapies; then, illustrates how criminal courts have been less willing to fully apply constitutional provisions, than their civil counterparts.
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Marcher, Carmen. "Applicabilità degli idrogrammi sintetici di progetto nello studio del comportamento idraulico dei corsi d'acqua naturali." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/234/.
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Nella protezione idraulica del territorio la previsione e il controllo delle piene sono di fondamentale importanza. I territori sono sempre più antropizzati, pertanto la riduzione dei rischi connessi a eventi idrometeorologici estremi è di notevole interesse. La previsione delle piene è resa difficile dall’innumerevole quantità di variabili che intervengono nel processo della loro formazione.
Nelle attività di progettazione e nella verifica di opere idrauliche la identificazione dell’idrogramma di progetto spesso riveste un’importanza fondamentale. Un idrogramma di progetto è definito come un’onda di piena, realmente osservata o sintetica, associata ad un determinato livello di rischio, quantificato usualmente in termini di tempo di ritorno.
Con il presente lavoro si cerca di verificare la possibilità di applicazione una metodologia per la stima degli idrogrammi di progetto associati ad un determinato tempo di ritorno, recentemente proposta dalla letteratura scientifica (Maione et al., 2001, Una metodologia per la stima indiretta degli idrogrammi sintetici per il progetto di opere di difesa idraulica del territorio). Il lavoro è riferito al Fiume Secchia, un affluente importante del Po che scorre tra le provincie di Modena e Reggio Emilia.
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CUTULI, Marco Alfio. "Modelli preclinici non convenzionali: vantaggi, limiti e applicabilità della proof of concept agli aspetti regolatori." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/100701.
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Le nuove regole globali e una maggiore coscienza etica implicano controlli sempre più rigorosi sull’impiego dei vertebrati negli studi in vivo. Di conseguenza, negli ultimi anni, per ovviare ai rilevanti costi e ai tempi necessari ad ottenere le autorizzazioni per condurre studi sui vertebrati, sono stati proposti modelli alternativi che non utilizzano o riducono l’utilizzo dei vertebrati.
Nel presente lavoro sono stati proposti e messi a puto tre modelli preclinici non convenzionali per condurre studi sull’attività e sulla tossicità in vivo di sostanze chimiche e biologiche.
Risultati promettenti sono stati ottenuti dal lepidottero Galleria mellonella che si è dimostrato un modello preclinico affidabile sia per lo screening di sostanze antimicrobiche naturali, probiotici che per lo studio del rapporto ospite-parassita.
Anche per il coleottero Tenebrio molitor sono stati ottenuti dati incoraggianti su un suo utilizzo come potenziale modello di infiammazione intestinale.
Infine è stato messo a punto un modello di mucosa impiegando la specie di lumaca Limacus flavus per determinare il potenziale irritante di sostanze chimiche.
Questi modelli, nonostante alcune limitazioni, si sono dimostrati strumenti efficaci per condurre screening rapidi e riproducibili che non richiedono strumenti sofisticati ma che sono in linea con le normative vigenti sulla tutela della sperimentazione animaleNew global regulations and greater ethical conscience lead to stronger controls on the use of vertebrates in pre-clinical studies. To overcome the significant costs and time required to obtain authorisation for mammalian studies, alternative animal models have been proposed in recent years to reduce the utilisation of vertebrates. Three non-conventional pre-clinical models were proposed and tested in the present work to evaluate in vivo activity and toxicity of chemical and biological substances. Promising results were obtained from the Lepidoptera Galleria mellonella, which proved to be a reliable pre-clinical model for screening natural antimicrobial substances, probiotics, and the host-parasite relationship. Encouraging data were also observed using the Coleoptera Tenebrio molitor as a potential model of intestinal inflammation. In addition, the snail species Limacus flavus was developed as an in vivo mucosal model to assess the irritant potential of chemicals. Although the proposed models have some limitations, they have proven to be effective for rapid and reproducible pre-clinical screening. These assays do not require sophisticated instruments and are aligned with current legislation on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.
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Tosti, Giulia <1995>. "La metagovernance: applicabilità e criticità nel caso studio della salvaguardia di Venezia e della sua laguna." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19144.
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La presente tesi delinea le condizioni che hanno portato, negli ultimi anni, all’affermarsi della necessità di un meta-governo della governance sociale, focalizzandosi su un settore specifico quale quello del governo delle acque, e scegliendo come caso studio di applicabilità e criticità del modello il sistema di salvaguardia della laguna di Venezia. Lo studio inizialmente ha l’obiettivo di delineare le connotazioni della teoria della metagovernance come risposta alla crescente complessità sistemica e ambientale. Restringendo il campo, si analizza la presenza di un dibattito a livello nazionale e internazionale intorno alle problematiche e alle prospettive di governance inerenti il settore del governo delle acque. Infine si presentano i risultati di una ricerca volta all’approfondimento delle dinamiche riguardanti il complesso sistema di salvaguardia di Venezia e della sua laguna. Quest’obiettivo viene raggiunto, prima, tramite un’analisi della rete di attori operanti in questo caratteristico settore, e poi, attraverso l’utilizzo di tecniche di consensus method finalizzate a far emergere i nodi critici nel processo di implementazione del decreto-legge (14 agosto 2020) n. 104, che istituisce l’Autorità per la laguna di Venezia.
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Ricci, Marco <1976>. "Le principali metodologie di produzione di energia da fonte rinnovabile: applicabilità al caso studio della comunità montana Acquacheta." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/73/1/Tesi_Dottorato_Marco_Ricci_.pdf.
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Ricci, Marco <1976>. "Le principali metodologie di produzione di energia da fonte rinnovabile: applicabilità al caso studio della comunità montana Acquacheta." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/73/.
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Cerutti, Dario. "Teorie e pratiche dello storytelling organizzativo. Applicabilità di modelli di comunicazione narrativa a imprese ed istituzioni: stabilizzazione metodologico-disciplinare e sviluppo operativo." Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/115039.
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La tesi si colloca nel contesto di un Apprendistato di Alta formazione e ricerca, un percorso triennale orientato allo sviluppo sinergico di competenze di ricerca e di competenze operativo-professionali. I caratteri della formula prevedono il coinvolgimento di un soggetto privato proponente e di un’istituzione universitaria, i quali stabiliscono in modo condiviso motivazioni, contenuti ed obiettivi del progetto formativo. Le modalità di svolgimento rappresentano un presupposto interpretativo utile alla comprensione della vocazione marcatamente operativa del lavoro, che ha il suo obiettivo privilegiato nel tentativo di far convergere sapere (umanistico) e saper-fare.
Oggetto dello studio è un’indagine pratico-teorica sulle strategie e sui meccanismi di comunicazione ad approccio narrativo che le organizzazioni complesse mettono in atto in diverse aree d’intervento e con diverse finalità strategiche: posizionare un brand, trasmettere valori, suscitare empatia ed emozioni, suggerire comportamenti d’acquisto, gestire le risorse umane…
Tale argomento è di norma associato all’ampia ed inclusiva nozione di Organizational Storytelling, termine nel quale possiamo includere un insieme assai eterogeneo di pratiche creative e performative adottate da imprese o istituzioni e basate su un approccio narrativo alla realtà.
Obiettivo ad ampio raggio del lavoro di tesi può essere considerato la stabilizzazione metodologica e concettuale della nozione e la sistematizzazione del suo uso in ambito organizzativo.
Da un punto di vista strutturale, il discorso di tesi appare diviso in due macrosettori complementari: una prima parte di analisi teorico-formale, ed una seconda parte più rispondente alla vocazione operativa del progetto, dedicata cioè alla descrizione di casi-studio in cui le proposte formalizzate in precedenza hanno trovato concreta applicazione.
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Scomparin, Valentina <1994>. "Efficacia, efficienza e applicabilità del DDMRP. Implementazione del nuovo metodo per la risoluzione di problemi di approvvigionamento: il caso Acqua Minerale San Benedetto." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18054.
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L’elaborato studia l’applicabilità, l’efficienza e l’efficacia con cui l’approccio ibrido Demand Driven Material Requirement Planning (DDMRP) risolve problematiche di approvvigionamento rispetto all’attuale visione Material Requirement Planning (MRP) nell’Azienda Acqua Minerale San Benedetto S.p.A. Integrando i principali fondamenti teorici e operativi del DDMRP con una diretta esperienza delle dinamiche produttive aziendali, si è ottenuto un database funzionale alla simulazione dell’andamento DDMRP dello stock a magazzino di specifiche materie prime. Per esse, rispetto all’MRP, le simulazioni hanno evidenziato ottimi benefici per l’Azienda in termini di diminuzione dell’inventario medio a magazzino, abbassamento dell’investimento medio aziendale e incremento del valore dell’Indice di Rotazione. Il successo dell’analisi, giustifica dunque una accurata implementazione della visione DDMRP nel futuro produttivo dell’Azienda.
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Sarzo, Matteo. "La struttura dell'obbligo internazionale e l'effetto diretto La structure de l'obligation internationale et l'effet direct." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423594.
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Once read in relation to the problem of its “self-executing” character, the structure of international obligations has been the subject of comprehensive studies only within the narrow scope of human rights. The concept of direct effect is generally perceived as the fact that a domestic judge applies an international rule to settle a dispute between two parties. In this case, the claimant demands that the international rule has been violated to the extent that it obliges the domestic authorities to supply him a material benefit. The interpretation of the concept of “direct effect”, limited to the effects that the international rule produces in a domestic trial, partially explains the interaction between international law and domestic law. If state organs keep a certain course of conduct to achieve a practical, material result, by virtue of an internal rule that gives them the power to act, the same happens for international obligations, which often prescribe to achieve a particular result, a material event. From this perspective, all domestic rules should allow organs to keep a course of conduct in order achieve the “effet utile” of the relevant international obligation. Here, the supremacy of international law toward domestic orders makes itself self-evident. However, the way that international obligations oblige to achieve a particular result relies on the structure of the obligation itself. For instance, the fact that it is phrased in negative or positive manner, or in terms of diligence or result, will have different consequences on the way that it will be complied with by domestic organs and on the finding of a breach thereof. It happens that, by virtue of an international obligation, a right is accrued to individuals even if, at the same time, international law leaves the States free to manage the legal consequences of such a breach in the international order. This seems to be the case when a treaty-based rule does not provide individuals for the right to resort to an international tribunal in order to assess any kind of breach of the international rule made by domestic state organs. This conclusion is valid for the international obligation to protect a human right as much as for those, which regulate economic relations. As for this last kind of rules, the nature of the direct effect is evident, once compared the European Union treaties with WTO covered agreements. It is clear that governments restrict the internal effects of the international rule to set aside a broad discretional power to manage the compliance of the treaties and the consequences of their breach.La struttura dell’obbligazione internazionale, letta nell’ottica del suo effetto diretto è finora stata oggetto di una trattazione completa solo nei limiti di alcuni studi riguardanti i diritti umani. Il concetto di effetto diretto è generalmente inteso come il fatto che il giudice interno applichi, nel corso di un processo, la regola internazionale per risolvere la questione giuridica sottopostagli. In questo caso, una delle parti allega che la regola internazionale è stata violata nei propri confronti nella misura in cui essa impone agli organi statali di riconoscerle un vantaggio materiale. Questa interpretazione dell’effetto diretto, intesto nel senso di effetto processuale, spiega solo in parte l’interazione fra il diritto internazionale e il diritto interno. In effetti, gli organi statali tengono determinati comportamenti per raggiungere un risultato pratico, materiale, in virtù di una regola interna che conferisce loro il potere di agire. D’altronde, anche le obbligazioni internazionali prescrivono spesso la realizzazione di un evento materiale. Da quest’ottica, tutte le norme interne dovrebbero permettere agli organi di tenere dei comportamenti volti al conseguimento dell’effetto utile dell’obbligo internazionale. In tale aspetto si scorge il presupposto logico di funzionamento del diritto internazionale, che si pone come superiore all’ordinamento giuridico nazionale. D’altronde, tale conseguenza dipende anche dalla struttura dell’obbligo internazionale. Nel momento in cui esso è formulato come obbligo negativo o positivo, di diligenza o di risultato, immediato o soggetto a termine, altrettanto diverse saranno le ricadute applicative nel diritto interno e l’accertamento di una sua violazione. Può ad esempio accadere che l’obbligo internazionale primario impegni lo Stato a realizzare un vantaggio nei confronti di un singolo e, al tempo stesso, lasciare liberi gli Stati di gestire le conseguenze giuridiche di tale violazione nell’ordinamento internazionale. Questa sembra la regola nei casi in cui una specifica regola pattizia non attribuisca all’individuo leso un diritto d’azione per far constatare un’eventuale violazione di fronte a un giudice sovra statuale. Ciò può benissimo accadere tanto se l’obbligo internazionale tutela un diritto dell’uomo quanto nel caso in cui esso regoli rapporti economici. Rispetto a quest’ultimo ambito, si rivela l’essenza dell’effetto diretto, una volta messi a confronto i meccanismi del diritto dell’unione europea con i trattati che compongono l’OMC. Appare così evidente che gli Stati hanno voluto limitare gli effetti interni della norma internazionale, così riservandosi un ampio margine di discrezionalità per gestire fra loro l’adempimento dei trattati e le conseguenze che derivino dalla loro violazione.
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Iaquinta, F. "L'ABUSO DEL DIRITTO NEL RAPPORTO DI LAVORO SUBORDINATO AUTONOMIA SISTEMATICA, SPAZI DI OPERATIVITA', RUOLO DEL GIUDICE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/379091.
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Il presente lavoro si occupa di esaminare l’autonomia sul piano sistematico del divieto di abuso del diritto, i suoi spazi di operatività, nonché il ruolo che il giudice ricopre nella sua applicazione nell’ambito del diritto del lavoro.
Più in particolare, il primo capitolo dell’elaborato ha ad oggetto la disamina critica della genesi del principio da parte della dottrina civilistica e l’analisi dei possibili referenti normativi dello stesso.
Il secondo, invece, è dedicato allo studio dell’elaborazione teorica e delle applicazioni pretorie del divieto di abuso nel diritto del lavoro. La prima sezione del capitolo è specificamente focalizzata sull’indagine svolta in proposito da parte della dottrina soprattutto con riferimento al potere di licenziamento; la seconda invece si occupa di esaminare i principali arresti della giurisprudenza, di merito e di legittimità, sia con riguardo alla posizione del datore sia a quella del lavoratore.
Infine, l’ultima parte della trattazione intende vagliare gli spazi di operatività potenziali del divieto di abuso del diritto, in particolare in relazione alla nuova disciplina in materia di licenziamenti individuali introdotta dal legislatore con le recenti e fondamentali novelle succedutesi a partire dal 2012 (l. n. 92/2012 e d.lgs. n. 23/2015, noto anche come Jobs Act).
A conclusione della tesi è infine svolta una breve riflessione in merito al ruolo delicato del giudice nell’applicazione del divieto di abuso del diritto quale “norma a contenuto variabile” che, come tale, involge la tematica delicata dell’equilibrio tra discrezionalità del giudice e certezza del diritto.
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Blatière, Lauren. "L'applicabilité temporelle du droit de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD064.
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Les questions liées à l’applicabilité temporelle du droit de l’Union européenne se posent dès qu’un acte nouveau est adopté par l’Union. Il est systématiquement nécessaire de déterminer l’instant à compter duquel cet acte produit ses effets et les faits alors concernés. L’exigence d’uniformité du droit de l’Union européenne implique, de surcroît, que les réponses à ces questions soient apportées par le droit de l’Union européenne lui-même. En dépit de leur importance, ces questions ont été largement délaissées par la doctrine communautariste. La jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne et les actes adoptés par l’Union européenne (droit primaire, droit dérivé et accords internationaux) sont pourtant riches d’enseignements. En effet, la Cour de justice a consacré des principes constituant le cadre général de l’applicabilité temporelle du droit de l’Union européenne. Bien que pertinent, ce cadre doit être enrichi par des règles écrites adoptées au cas par cas : les dispositions transitoires. Ces dernières, de prime abord particulièrement critiquables faute d’être aisément identifiables et interprétables, se révèlent être un instrument indispensable à l’applicabilité temporelle du droit de l’Union européenneThe temporal applicability of the European Union lawThe questions relating to the temporal applicability of the European Union law arise as soon as the European Union adopts a new act. It is systematically necessary to determine the instant from which the act products its effects and the facts to which it applies. Furthermore, the principle of uniformity of the European Union law means that these questions must be answered by the European Union law itself. In spite of their importance these questions have been neglected by the European Union legal literature. Yet the case-law of the European Union Court of Justice and the acts adopted by the European Union (primary law, secondary legislation and international agreements) provide a wealth of information. Indeed, the Court of Justice has established principles which constitute the general framework of the temporal applicability of the European Union law. However relevant, this general framework must be completed by transitionnal provisions, a set of written subsidiary rules adopted on a case-by-case basis). These transitional provisions, at first deeply questionable due to being hard to identify and interpret, turn out to be a critical tool for the temporal applicability of the European Union law
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Zorzetto, Riccardo <1986>. "Valutazione di conformità e applicabilità del DSS “DESYRE” per l’analisi di rischio sanitario per i siti contaminati attraverso il confronto con il software GIUDITTA." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2590.
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Podda, Mariangela <1981>. "Differenze in termini di applicabilità, sicurezza ed efficacia tra la gestione peri-operatoria Fast-Track e la gestione tradizionale in pazienti con malattia di Crohn candidati all'intervento chirurgico laparotomico." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8213/1/Tesi%20%20Dottorato%20PODDA-%20DEFINITIVO%5B1%5D.pdf.
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Obiettivo. L'obiettivo dello studio è valutare le differenze in termini di applicabilità, sicurezza ed efficacia tra la gestione peri-operatoria Fast-Track e la gestione tradizionale in pazienti con malattia di Crohn candidati all'intervento chirurgico laparotomico.
Metodi. Gruppo A 20 pazienti affetti da CD sottoposti a chirurgia laparotomica e gestione perioperatoria tradizionale, gruppo B venti pazienti affetti da CD sottoposti ad intervento chirurgico laparotomico e gestione perioperatoria F-T.Il protocollo F-T comprende nessuna preparazone intestinale, no sondino nasogastrico, no drenaggi addominale, precoce rimozione del catetere vescicale, precoce rialimentazione, precoce mobilizzazione e strategia restrittiva dei fluidi.
Risultati. La Compliance del gruppo F-T è stata alta (>90%) per tutti gli obiettivi considerati. I dati si sono mostrati significativi in termini di più precoce canalizzazione a feci e gas,riduzione dei giorni di degenza. Non si sono osservate differenze in termini di morbilità e mortalità nei due gruppi.
Conclusioni. Questo studio suggerisce che l'ottimizzazione della gestione perioperatoria può portare ad ulteriori miglioramenti nei risultati chirurgici dei pazienti affetti da CD.AIM.The aim of this project is to evaluate the difference in terms of feasibility, safety and efficacy between the Fast-Track protocol (F-T) and the traditional perioperative management in patient with ileocecal Crohn's disease (CD) treated whit open surgery. Methods. Twenty patients with CD underwent laparotomic surgery and traditional care(group A) and twenty patients underwent laparotomic surgery and Fast-Track protocol (group B). The F-T included no bowel preparation nor fasting, no nasogastric tube, no abdominal drains, early removal urinary catheter, early solid dietary intake and mobilization, opioid-sparing analgesia and restrictive fluid management. Result.Compliance with the F-T was high (>90%)for all items. In the F-T group was observed a significantly earlier return of bowel function (time of liquids and solid refeeding) and shorter post-operative stay. No substantial differences in morbility and mortality. Conclusion. This esperience suggests that optimized perioperative care may lead to further improvements in surgical outcome for CD patients.
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PIETROLUCCI, MARIA ELENA. "Visualizzazione e costruzione delle curve di normalità delle aree dei muscoli papillari delle valvole atrio-ventricolari fetali mediante l’utilizzo dell’ecografia tridimensionale e loro applicabilità in caso di cardiopatia congenita." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/214325.
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Imocrante, Marina. "Quelle épistémologie pour les mathématiques appliquées ? : des débats classiques aux approches structurelles." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H222.
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Alors que l’applicabilité des mathématiques est devenue un sujet d’intérêt pour le débat philosophique récent, celui-ci n’a pas encore clairement mis l’accent sur les questions épistémiques posées par l’intervention des mathématiques dans les sciences et dans la vie quotidienne. Ces questions peuvent être formulées comme suit : comment pouvons-nous connaître la vérité d’une proposition scientifique, ou plus généralement d’une proposition sur certaines caractéristiques du monde naturel, lorsque cette proposition comprend des éléments mathématiques? Quelle sorte de justification avons-nous pour les parties mathématiques de notre connaissance empirique? Cette thèse de doctorat a un double objectif : d’une part, offrir une systématisation critique du débat philosophique en cours sur l’applicabilité. D’autre part, clarifier le problème épistémique posé par l’applicabilité des mathématiques et le séparer des problèmes métaphysiques corrélés. La première partie du travail est consacrée à la formulation des questions propres à une enquête épistémologique sur les mathématiques appliquées, ainsi qu’à la présentation de l’analyse classique de l’applicabilité offerte par Steiner. Dans la partie II, la présentation du débat récent sur l’applicabilité est organisée autour d’une distinction entre les approches qui considèrent les mathématiques pures et appliquées sur le même niveau épistémique, et celles qui distinguent le niveau de mathématiques pures du niveau des applications. Les positions étudiées sont, respectivement, les points de vue fregéen et néo-fregéen, et ce que l’on considère comme des points de vue ‘structurels’, à savoir le structuralisme mathématique (à la fois ante rem et éliminatif), la position de Field et la théorie de la mesure. La partie III introduit le débat sur l’indispensabilité des mathématiques dans les sciences, pour montrer comment les différentes formulations des arguments d’indispensabilité et les critiques qui leur sont adressées renouvellent l’attention sur les questions philosophiques liées à l’applicabilité, et clarifient la séparation entre les questions épistémiques sur les mathématiques pures (par exemple, le problème de l’accès) et les questions épistémiques sur les applications (par exemple, la justification des parties mathématiques de notre connaissance scientifique). La position de Christopher Pincock, qui théorise un traitement épistémique distinct pour les mathématiques pures et appliquées, est spécifiquement analysée. Enfin, la dernière partie en conclut ce que peuvent être les caractéristiques d’une théorie épistémologique adéquate pour les mathématiques pures et pour les mathématiques appliquées, et présentent plusieurs problématiques connexes et cruciales pour de futures recherchesWhile the applicability of mathematics has become a topic of great interest in recent philosophical debate, the debate has not yet clearly focused on the fundamental epistemic questions that arise from the use of mathematics in science and in daily life. These questions can be basicallystated as follows: how can we affirm to know the truth of a scientific statement, or more generally that of any statement about a feature of the natural world, when that statement includes some elements of mathematics? What kind of justification do we have for the mathematical portions of our empirical knowledge? My PhD dissertation has a twofold purpose: on the one hand, it offers a critical systematization of the on-going philosophical debate on applicability. On the other hand, the epistemic problem posed by the applicability of mathematics is clarified and separated from correlated metaphysical issues. The first part of the work is devoted to the definition of the specific epistemic questions and the presentation of the classic analysis of applicability problem(s) offered by Steiner. In Part II, the recent debate on applicability is organized around a distinction between those approaches that take pure and applied mathematics to be on the same epistemic level, and those that keep the level of pure mathematics separate from the level of application. The positions investigated are, respectively, Fregean and Neo-Fregean views for the one-stage side, and what I refer to as ‘structural’ views for the two-stageside, namely, mathematical structuralism (both ante rem and eliminative), Field’s account, and measurement theory. Part III takes into account the related debate on the indispensability of mathematics to science, showing how the different formulations of indispensability arguments and the criticisms led to renewed attention to the philosophical questions about applicability in the early 2000s, along with a clarification of the separation between epistemic questions about pure mathematics (e.g. the access problem) and epistemic questions about applications (e.g. the justification of the mathematical portions of scientific knowledge). The account offered by Christopher Pincock, which provides a separate epistemic treatment for pure and appliedmathematics, is specifically analyzed. Finally, in the last part of the work, we draw particular conclusions about what would be, following our analysis, the features of a suitable epistemological treatment of both pure and applied mathematics, while several connected issues are identified as crucial for further inquiry
L’applicabilità della matematica è diventata un argomento di grande interesse per il dibattito filosofico recente, ma il dibattito non si è ancora focalizzato sulle fondamentali questioni epistemologiche poste dall’uso della matematica nella scienza e nella vita quotidiana. Queste domande possono essere formulate come segue: come possiamo dire di conoscere la verità di un asserto scientifico, o più in generale di qualsiasi asserto su alcune caratteristiche del mondo naturale, quando tale asserto include elementi matematici? Che tipo di giustificazione possiamo avere per le porzioni matematiche della nostra conoscenza empirica? La presente tesi di dottorato ha un duplice scopo: da un lato, si offre una presentazione sistematica deldibattito filosofico in corso sull’applicabilità. Dall’altro lato, il problema epistemico posto dall’applicabilità della matematica è chiarito e separato dai correlati problemi metafisici. La prima parte del lavoro è dedicata alla definizione delle specifiche domande epistemiche sulla matematica applicata; si presenta inoltre l’analisi classica dei problemi legati all’applicabilità offerta da Steiner. Nella seconda parte, la presentazione del dibattito recente sull’applicabilità è organizzata attorno ad una distinzione tra le posizioni che considerano matematica pura e applicata sullo stesso livello epistemico e quelle che mantengono il livello della matematica pura separato dal livello applicativo. Le posizioni indagate sono, rispettivamente, la posizionefregeana e neo-fregeana da un lato, e le posizioni che definiremo ‘strutturali’ dall’altro, ovvero lo strutturalismo matematico (sia ante rem che eliminativo), la posizione di Field e la teoria della misura. La terza parte del lavoro affronta il dibattito sull’indispensabilità della matematica nella scienza, mostrando come le diverse formulazioni degli argomenti di indispensabilità e le critiche ad esse rivolte contribuiscano a rinnovare l’interesse per le domande filosofiche sull’applicabilità, oltre che a chiarire la separazione tra domande epistemiche sulla matematica pura (ad esempio Il problema dell’accesso) e domande epistemiche sulle applicazioni (ad esempio la giustificazione delle porzioni matematiche della nostra conoscenza scientifica). La proposta teorica di Christopher Pincock, che tratta separatamente l’epistemologia di matematica pura e applicata, è analizzata in modo specifico. Nell’ultima parte del lavoro, si traggono alcuni conclusioni su quali potrebbero essere, in seguito allo studio svolto, le caratteristiche di un trattamento adeguato dell’epistemologia della matematica pura e applicata. Infine, alcuni ulteriori problemi connessi sono individuati come cruciali per indagini future
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Dalix, Jean-Christophe. "La dérégulation de l’invocabilité objective d’exclusion des directives européennes." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASH004.
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Plus de quarante ans après que la Cour de justice ait levé à travers l'arrêt Van Duyn l'incapacité des directives à revêtir un caractère directement applicable, la question de leur invocabilité ou de leur effet juridique au sein des ordres juridiques nationaux reste un point sensible en termes de débats doctrinaux et de controverses constantes au sein même de la Cour de justice. De fait, en décloisonnant la régulation de l'intensité normative de l'effet immédiat des directives et, plus généralement, celle du droit dérivé obligatoire de l'orthodoxie de l'article 288 TFUE, la Cour de justice a bouleversé l'équilibre normatif qui en découlait. Or, face à l'enjeu déterminant que revêt l'invocabilité des directives sous l'angle de la répartition des compétences, la défiance exprimée par certaines cours constitutionnelles à l'adresse de la Cour de justice, a conduit le juge de Luxembourg à reconsidérer sa position. Ainsi, dès 1979, associera-t-il à ce décloisonnement un processus de recomposition de la cristallisation de l'équilibre normatif initialement tranché par l'article 288 TFUE. Par ce processus de recomposition, d'une part, il ajustera sous forme de limitation l'étendue de l'applicabilité directe subjective de substitution des directives et, d'autre part, il réajustera sous forme de restriction l'étendue de leur applicabilité directe objective d'exclusion. De ce dispositif il ressort la rupture de l'unité profonde de l'ordre juridique de l'Union dont l'origine tient à la dérégulation de l'invocabilité objective d'exclusion des directives causant d'une part, par le morcellement de ses conditions d'application l'étiolement de la justiciabilité objective d'exclusion du droit de l'Union et d'autre part, par l'éclatement de son fondement la déstructuration de la justiciabilité objective d'exclusion du droit de l'Union. Aussi, aux fins de recouvrer une rationalité d'ensemble, apparaît-il raisonnable de resituer l'invocabilité objective d'exclusion des directives dans la logique issue de l'arrêt Verbond nederlandse ondernemingen (VNO)More than forty years after the Court of Justice, through the Van Duyn judgment, lifted the inability of directives to have a directly applicable character, the question of their invocability or their legal effect within national legal orders remains a point sensitive in terms of doctrinal debates and constant controversies within the Court of Justice. In fact, by decompartmentalizing the regulation of the normative intensity of the immediate effect of directives and, more generally, that of the com-pulsory secondary law of the orthodoxy of Article 288 TFEU, the Court of Justice has upset the normative ba-lance that ensued. However, faced with the decisive issue involved in the invocation of directives from the point of view of the distribution of powers, the mistrust expressed by certain constitutional courts to address the Court of Justice, led the Luxembourg judge to reconsider his posi-tion. Thus, from 1979, he will associate with this decompartmentalization a process of recomposition of the crystallization of the normative equilibrium initially decided by article 288 TFEU. By this process of recom-position, on the one hand, he will adjust in the form of limitation the extent of the subjective direct applicability of substitution for directives and, on the other hand, he will readjust in the form of restriction the extent of their direct applicability exclusionary objective. From this device, it emerges the rupture of the deep unity of the legal order of the Union, the origin of which derives from the deregulation of the objective invocability of exclusion of directives causing on the one hand, by the fragmentation of its conditions for application the etiolation of the objective justiciability of exclusion from Union law and on the other hand, by the bursting of its foundation the destructuring of objective justiciability of exclusion from Union law. Therefore, in order to recover an overall rationality, it seems reasonable to place the objective invocability of exclusion of directives in the logic resulting from the judgment Verbond nederlandse ondernemingen (VNO)
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Mainreck, Nathalie. "Apport potentiel de la spectroscopie Raman dans le traitement chirurgical des carcinomes cutanés (CBC)." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMS028/document.
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Le carcinome basocellulaire (CBC) est un cancer cutané très fréquent représentant un problème de santé publique majeur. Il métastase rarement mais peut devenir très invasif localement s’il n’est pas pris en charge rapidement. Actuellement, le diagnostic de certitude du CBC est obtenu par examen anatomopathologique de coupes fines ; ce qui présente pour inconvénient d’être invasif et de donner une réponse différée. De plus, la chirurgie du CBC ne bénéficie pas d’outil permettant de définir en temps réel la largeur optimale des marges de sécurité ; celles-ci devant être minimales pour éviter les séquelles esthétiques mais suffisantes pour empêcher toute récidive. L’objectif de ces travaux de thèse est d’évaluer l’apport potentiel de la spectroscopie Raman dans la prise en charge du CBC. Cette technologie applicable in vivo grâce au développement de sondes adaptées, permet une exploration tissulaire à un niveau moléculaire relativement rapide. Au total, 32 patients ont été inclus dans cette étude. A partir des spectres enregistrés in vivo, un modèle de discrimination CBC / peau saine a été développé, à partir duquel les marges d’excision latérales ont pu être évaluées. Les marges profondes ont également été étudiées après enregistrement de spectres sur les pièces fraichement excisées. Des marqueurs Raman de discrimination ont été identifiés aux différentes échelles in vivo, ex vivo et in vitro; ils constituent des bio-indicateurs potentiels pour orienter la prise de décision chirurgicale. Enfin, la contribution des fonds spectraux, habituellement écartés des analyses Raman, a été considérée et leur intérêt dans le cadre de ce projet a été discutéBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer and a major problem for healthcare services worldwide. BCC rarely metastasizes but can become highly damaging for surrounding tissue in case of late diagnosis. Actually, the gold standard for BCC diagnosis relies on histopathological assessment of thin sections, but it is an invasive method which provides a delayed response. Moreover, it will be helpful during surgery of BCC to assess in real-time the optimal size of the security margins, which has to be small enough to minimize aesthetic sequelae but sufficient to avoid recurrence. The aim of this work is to evaluate the potential contribution of Raman spectroscopy in the management of BCC. This technology can be applied in vivo thanks to the development of appropriate probes and allows a relatively rapid tissue exploration at a molecular level. A total of 32 patients were included in this study. From in vivo recorded spectra, a model of discrimination BCC / healthy skin was implemented, from which the width of excision margins was evaluated. Deep margins were also studied after recording spectra on freshly excised pieces. Discriminant Raman markers were identified at different levels in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro; they are potential bio-indicators to help the surgeon to define ideal excision margins. In addition, the contribution of spectral backgrounds, usually removed from Raman analysis, was considered and their interest in this project was discussed
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Linguerri, Linda. "Dalla vulnerabilità urbana al Sismabonus: analisi delle criticità e definizione di criteri di intervento e loro applicabilità per Unità Strutturali e Unità Minime di Intervento. Il caso di studio degli aggregati 18 e 20 del centro storico di San Giovanni in Persiceto." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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L'elaborato parte dall'analisi di vulnerabilità sismica di alcuni aggregati del centro storico di San Giovanni in Persiceto mediante il calcolo dell'Indice globale analitico e dell'Indice globale speditivo. Viene poi sviluppata una fase operativa riguardante la risoluzione della vulnerabilità edilizia mediante proposta di interventi. Su un campione di Unità Strutturali, tali interventi, sono analizzati in dettaglio, con stima dei costi e delle detrazioni ottenibili grazie al ricorso al Sismabonus. Infine si riconduce l'analisi di vulnerabilità al sistema urbano con proposte operative per mitigare le vulnerabilità presenti in base ad una gerarchia ottenuta dall'analisi di vari sistemi urbani.
Si giunge alla definizione di uno strumento conoscitivo-operativo efficace e versatile che permette di avere una conoscenza di ambiti urbani estesi in tempi brevi e con costi contenuti.
Quanto prodotto potrebbe essere utilizzato dalle amministrazioni e dai cittadini per la definizione di una graduatoria degli interventi prioritari al fine di rendere efficace l’investimento.
Gli interventi individuati come preminenti dovrebbero inoltre prescindere dalla proprietà, in quanto costituiscono elemento essenziale per la sicurezza urbana della città intesa come bene comune.
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Ugoccioni, Francesca. "Dalla vulnerabilità urbana al Sismabonus: analisi delle criticità e definizione di criteri di intervento e loro applicabilità per Unità Strutturali e Unità Minime di Intervento. Il caso di studio degli aggregati 7 e 18 del centro storico di San Giovanni in Persiceto." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textAbstract:
L'elaborato parte dall'analisi di vulnerabilità sismica di alcuni aggregati del centro storico di San Giovanni in Persiceto mediante il calcolo dell'Indice globale analitico e dell'Indice globale speditivo. Viene poi sviluppata una fase operativa riguardante la risoluzione della vulnerabilità edilizia mediante proposta di interventi. Su un campione di Unità Strutturali, tali interventi, sono analizzati in dettaglio, con stima dei costi e delle detrazioni ottenibili grazie al ricorso al Sismabonus. Infine si riconduce l'analisi di vulnerabilità al sistema urbano con proposte operative per mitigare le vulnerabilità presenti in base ad una gerarchia ottenuta dall'analisi di vari sistemi urbani.
Si giunge alla definizione di uno strumento conoscitivo-operativo efficace e versatile che permette di avere una conoscenza di ambiti urbani estesi in tempi brevi e con costi contenuti.
Quanto prodotto potrebbe essere utilizzato dalle amministrazioni e dai cittadini per la definizione di una graduatoria degli interventi prioritari al fine di rendere efficace l’investimento.
Gli interventi individuati come preminenti dovrebbero inoltre prescindere dalla proprietà, in quanto costituiscono elemento essenziale per la sicurezza urbana della città intesa come bene comune.
28
Rizza, Davide. "Applicability, idealization, and mathematization." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/76/.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis I provide a study of the applicability of mathematics. My starting point is the account of applicability offered in Hartry Field's book Science without numbers and arising from the nominalistic project carried out therein. By examining the limitations and shortcomings of Field's account, I develop a new one. My account retains the advantages and insights of Field's and avoids its difficulties, which are essentially due to its being incomplete and too restrictive. Field's account is incomplete because it does not deal with the nature and use of idealization in science. Field only describes how mathematics is applied to highly idealized physical theories (e.g. ones containing postulates which are untestable or contradicted by experiment) but he does not explain how idealization arises and why idealized theories are relevant to the actual experimental investigation of empirical phenomena. I offer such an explanation for an elementary scientific theory to which the more complex examples discussed by Field can be reduced. Even in presence of an analysis of idealization, Field's account of applicability remains problematic. The reason is that it characterizes the role of mathematics in applications in a very restrictive way, which neglects some of its most important uses. I show this by looking at several examples of applications. I then employ the resulting analysis of how mathematics enters them to give a characterization of applicability which does not suffer of the restrictiveness affecting Field's. This characterization encompasses Field's but also extends to applications he cannot adequately describe. I thus complete and extend Field's account of applicability, reaching a more comprehensive and realistic alternative.
29
Ginammi, Michele. "Structure and Applicability : an Analysis of the Problem of the Applicability of Mathematics." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/86136.
Full textAbstract:
From the introduction: [...] In the first part (Historical Considerations), I will deal with
the historical problem of understanding why the applicability problem has been
dismissed after Frege’s and logicists’ analysis (Chapter 1: A Neglected Problem).
I will show that their answer is no longer satisfying and that such a dismissal
was not due to a real overcoming of the problem.
The second part (Philosophical Problems) will be devoted to the analysis
of the specific philosophical problems lying behind the applicability of mathematics.
First I will discuss Wigner’s (1960) famous analysis (Chapter 2: Do
Miracles Occur? ), and then I will deal with Steiner’s (1998) fundamental work
on the topic (Chapter 3: Applicabilities of Mathematics). As we will see, there
are many philosophical problems concerning the applicability of mathematics.
A further chapter (Chapter 4: Applicability and Ontological Issues) will be
devoted to an analysis of the relations between ontological questions in mathematics
and its applicability and effectiveness in science, in order to remove
any misunderstanding about the possibility that the problems of mathematical
applicability are nothing but a consequence of a certain ontological choice.
Finally, in the third part (An Account for Mathematical Representativeness)
I will offer an original account for one of the main roles played by
mathematics in science: the representative role, which is at the very base of so
many scientific discoveries and improvements in contemporary physics. First,
(Chapter 5: Structures and Applicability) I will present my account in a purely
theoretical way, and then I will offer some concrete examples in support of such
an account (Chapter 6: Some Concrete Examples).
30
Krimi, Imane. "Contribution au potentiel de la fabrication additive dans la construction : Proposition d’une formulation cimentaire imprimable." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0021.
Full textAbstract:
La fabrication additive (Impression 3D) consiste à fabriquer des objets couche par couche en utilisant un modèle 3D, un matériau approprié et une machine dédiée. Pour la construction, c’est un nouveau mode constructif qui se profile. Depuis 2010, la fabrication additive a fait un saut technique et médiatique dans ce secteur. Les projets d’impression 3D se sont multipliés et diversifiés avec les premières maisons construites entièrement au moyen de cette technologie (Winsun, D-Shape, Contour Crafting, Apis Cor…etc). Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une thèse CIFRE démarrée en 2015 entre le laboratoire de génie civil de l’Ecole Centrale de Lille et l’entreprise Bouygues Construction. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier le potentiel de la fabrication additive pour la construction et plus précisément de proposer une formulation à matrice cimentaire qui sera mise en œuvre par impression 3D.La thèse est organisée en trois grandes parties.La première partie est consacrée à la définition de l’impression 3D et des matériaux cimentaires pour définir leurs interactions. La deuxième partie est dédiée à la formulation d’un matériau cimentaire imprimable. L’imprimabilité a été définie par trois indicateurs : l’extrudabilité, la buildabilté et l’adhérence. La troisième partie est destinée à la validation de la formulation proposée. Ce travail peut être considéré comme une première approche pour définir un protocole d’évaluation de l’imprimabilité des matériaux cimentaires à l’échelle du laboratoire ainsi qu’une première étape pour la conception d’une imprimante 3D destinée et adaptée à la constructionAdditive Manufacturing (3D printing) consists in building an object layer by layer following a 3D model. For this purpose an appropriate material, machine and model are needed. From Construction industry point of view, 3D printing is considered as a new building method. Since 2010, the use of 3D printing for construction has known a large evolution. More and more real construction projects are using this new technology. Some of these examples are Winsun in China, D-Shape in Italy, Contour Crafting in California or Apis Cor in Russia…etc.The work presented in this manuscript was conducted through an industrial PhD thesis (CIFRE) which was launched between “Ecole Centrale de Lille” and “Bouygues Construction” in 2015. The objective of this work was to study the potential of large scale 3D printing integration in the construction process and more precisely the development of a printable cement based mix design.The work is organized in three main parts.The first part was dedicated to 3D printing and cement based material as general concepts. Then their interactions were analyzed. The second part was devoted to the printable mix design. The printability was defined using three indicators: Extrudability, Buildability and layers adhesion. The third part was dedicated to check the printability of the proposed mix design. This work may be considered as a first approach to define a laboratory scale methodology for cement based materials printability testing. It is also a step to contribute to the development of construction 3D printers
31
Ehnberg, Bobby, and Sara Lundell. "Applicability of Sufficiency Economy – A Thai philosophy in a wider perspective." Thesis, Mälardalen University, Mälardalen University, School of Business, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-1615.
Full textAbstract:
Thailand’s economy has gone through a quick development during the past two decades As a result of the economic crisis in 1997, His Majesty the King Bhumibol Adulyadej introduced the philosophy of sufficiency economy (SE). SE is built upon a model which can be used every day, notonly during crises, to strengthen the economy within the country and the society. Due to the worldwide attention on the philosophy it is interesting to research how applicable SE is in Sweden or generally worldwide.The aim of the field study and the thesis is to obtain a contemporary interpretation of the applicability of sufficiency economy.The approach of the field study consisted of four main steps; feasibility study, research tool, the field study procedure and evaluation. The study includes a literature study with a combination of interviews with key persons, a multinational company situated in Bangkok and Thai students. The intention of the selection was to obtain a conceptual interpretation of SE in relation to the interviewed people. The answers of the different groups were first put in their own context, and then a comparison was made in order to make the analysis.Several different opinions were uncovered regarding the interpretation of SE. It is necessary to interpret it at an individual level.The rational decision making and following the middle way is important to achieve a balanced life. However it is a knowledge gap within theThai society where it is important to have a stable government and the right spokesman of SE.
Mior Field Studies via SIDA
32
Nowack, Vesna. "Extending the applicability of deterministic multithreading." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385846.
Full textAbstract:
With the increased number of cores on a single processor chip, an application can achieve good performance if it splits the execution into multiple threads that run on multiple cores at the same time. To synchronize threads, Transactional Memory (TM) allows them to concurrently execute sections of code (transactions) with accesses to shared memory, and requires reexecution of one of the transactions in case of a conflicting access.
Even though parallel programming with TM is simpler and less error-prone than with the traditional locking mechanism, concurrent programming errors are hard to avoid in general. The reason is that threads run in parallel and might interleave in a nondeterministic order. As a consequence, an error can occur in one execution but be hidden in another (which makes debugging hard), and the application output might vary (which makes testing and replica-based fault tolerance hard).
To help programmers in testing, debugging and providing fault tolerance, researchers have proposed deterministic multithreading, which guarantees that application threads access shared memory in the same order and the application gives the same output whenever it runs with the same input parameters.
In this thesis we present DeTrans, a system for deterministic multithreading in transactional applications. DeTrans ensures determinism even in the presence of data races, by executing non-transactional code serially and transactions in parallel. We compare DeTrans with Dthreads, a widely-used deterministic system for lock-based applications, and analyse sources of the overhead caused by deterministic execution. Instead of using memory protection hardware and operating system facilities, DeTrans exploits properties of TM implemented in software and outperforms Dthreads.
To allow transactions to invoke standard library functions while running deterministically and to increase parallelism, this thesis proposes TM-dietlibc, a TM-aware standard library. Our experience in modifying a lock-based standard library in order to integrate it in a TM system is applicable for any TM-aware software. TM-dietlibc provides concurrent execution of standard library functions and only in a few cases the execution switches to serial. In comparison to completely serialized execution, TM-dietlibc shows high scalability and performance improvement for benchmarks with short transactions and low contention.
Serialization of transactions - which is still required for transactions in TM-dietlibc with non-reversible side effects - might enforce an order of threads execution different from the one enforced by a deterministic system, causing a deadlock. By porting deterministic system DeTrans in TM-dietlibc, we ensure deterministic multithreading at application and standardlibrary level, and avoid deadlocks by serializing transactions in deterministic order.
In this thesis we also discuss a common limitation of deterministic systems - ad hoc synchronization. Ad hoc synchronization is in general widely used, but similarly to transaction serialization, it might be prone to deadlocks during deterministic execution. We use hardware performance counters to identify synchronization loops at runtime and to avoid deadlocks by dynamically (but deterministically) changing the order of threads execution.Con el aumento del número de núcleos en un solo procesador, una aplicación puede lograr un buen rendimiento si se divide la ejecución en múltiples hilos que se ejecutan en múltiples núcleos al mismo tiempo. Para sincronizar estos hilos, memoria transaccional (TM) permite ejecutar simultáneamente secciones de código (transacciones) con accesos a memoria compartida, y requiere re-ejecución de una de las transacciones en caso de un acceso a memoria que causa un conflicto. A pesar de que la programación paralela con TM es más simple y menos propensa a errores que con mecanismos de cerrojos tradicionales, los errores de programación concurrentes son difíciles de evitar en general. La razón es que los hilos se ejecutan en paralelo y pueden intercalar en ordenes no deterministas. Como consecuencia, un error puede ocurrir en una ejecución, pero se oculta en otro (lo que hace que la depuración difícil), y el resultado de la aplicación puede variar (lo que hace el testeo y la tolerancia a fallos basada en réplica difícil). Para ayudar a los programadores en el testeo, depuración y proporcionar tolerancia a fallos, los investigadores han propuesto sistemas multihilos deterministas, que garantizan que los diferentes hilos de las aplicaciones accedan a la memoria compartida en el mismo orden y la aplicación da el mismo resultado cada vez que se ejecuta con los mismos parámetros de entrada. En esta tesis presentamos DeTrans, un sistema determinista para las aplicaciones transaccionales. DeTrans asegura el determinismo incluso en presencia de condiciones de carrera de datos, mediante la ejecución de código no transaccional en serie y las transacciones en paralelo. Comparamos DeTrans con Dthreads, un sistema determinista ampliamente utilizado para aplicaciones basadas en cerrojos, y analizamos las fuentes de coste adicional causadas por la ejecución determinista. En lugar de utilizar hardware de protección de memoria y las funcionalidades del sistema operativo, DeTrans explota las propiedades de TM implementadas en software y rinde mejor que Dthreads. Para permitir que las transacciones puedan invocar funciones de la librería estándar durante la ejecución determinista y aumentar el paralelismo, esta tesis propone TM-dietlibc, una librería estándar consciente de TM. Nuestra experiencia en la modificación de una librería estándar basada en locks con el fin de integrarlo en un sistema de TM es aplicable a cualquier software consciente de TM. TM-dietlibc proporciona ejecución simultánea de funciones de la librería estándar y sólo en unos pocos casos la ejecución pasa a ser en serie. En comparación con la ejecución totalmente serial, TM-dietlibc muestra una alta escalabilidad y una mejora del rendimiento para aplicaciones con transacciones cortas y contención baja. Serialización de transacciones - que todavía se requieren para las transacciones en TM-dietlibc con efectos secundarios no reversibles - podría forzar un orden de ejecución de los hilos distinta de la aplicada por un sistema determinista, causando un deadlock. Portando el sistema determinista DeTrans a TM-dietlibc, aseguramos ejecuciones multihilo deterministas tanto a nivel de la aplicación como de la librería estándar, y evitamos deadlocks serializando transacciones en orden determinista. En esta tesis también discutimos una limitación común de los sistemas deterministas - la sincronización ad-hoc. La sincronización ad-hoc es en general ampliamente utilizada, pero de manera similar a la serialización transacción, puede ser propensa a deadlocks durante la ejecución determinista. Utilizamos contadores de rendimiento hardware para identificar bucles de sincronización durante la ejecución y así evitar deadlocks de forma dinámica (pero determinista) cambiando el orden de ejecución de los hilos.
33
夏吳佩淑 and Ng Pui-suk Ophelia Ha. "Global marketing strategies applicability within Asia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31263185.
Full text
34
Shelvay, Alicia M. (Alicia Margaret). "Reinforced concrete : applicability of smart materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74413.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-46).
With aging infrastructure, not only in the United States, but worldwide, we look toward designing structures which can withstand the test of time. Creating structures that can adapt to changes in the environment and provide better performance is at the forefront of current research. Reinforced concrete, one of the most widely used materials, can be reinvented using this philosophy. In this thesis, smart materials are classified as materials which can provide sensing, actuation or self-repair. Three different smart materials were studied including self-healing concrete which provides self-repair, shape memory alloys as reinforcement for reinforced concrete which provides actuation and carbon fiber reinforced concrete which provides sensing. It was found that each smart material had potential to improve the performance of reinforced concrete structures. Factors that affect larger scale implementation are discussed.
by Alicia M. Shelvay.
M.Eng.
35
Winkler, Anderson M. "Widening the applicability of permutation inference." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ce166876-0aa3-449e-8496-f28bf189960c.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is divided into three main parts. In the first, we discuss that, although permutation tests can provide exact control of false positives under the reasonable assumption of exchangeability, there are common examples in which global exchangeability does not hold, such as in experiments with repeated measurements or tests in which subjects are related to each other. To allow permutation inference in such cases, we propose an extension of the well known concept of exchangeability blocks, allowing these to be nested in a hierarchical, multi-level definition. This definition allows permutations that retain the original joint distribution unaltered, thus preserving exchangeability. The null hypothesis is tested using only a subset of all otherwise possible permutations. We do not need to explicitly model the degree of dependence between observations; rather the use of such permutation scheme leaves any dependence intact. The strategy is compatible with heteroscedasticity and can be used with permutations, sign flippings, or both combined. In the second part, we exploit properties of test statistics to obtain accelerations irrespective of generic software or hardware improvements. We compare six different approaches using synthetic and real data, assessing the methods in terms of their error rates, power, agreement with a reference result, and the risk of taking a different decision regarding the rejection of the null hypotheses (known as the resampling risk). In the third part, we investigate and compare the different methods for assessment of cortical volume and area from magnetic resonance images using surface-based methods. Using data from young adults born with very low birth weight and coetaneous controls, we show that instead of volume, the permutation-based non-parametric combination (NPC) of thickness and area is a more sensitive option for studying joint effects on these two quantities, giving equal weight to variation in both, and allowing a better characterisation of biological processes that can affect brain morphology.
36
Leu, Yow-yuh. "Cellular manufacturing: applicability and system design." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39922.
Full textAbstract:
As competition has intensified, many American manufacturers have sought alternatives to rejuvenate their production systems. Cellular manufacturing systems have received considerable interest from both academics and practitioners. This research examines three major issues in cellular manufacturing that have not been adequately addressed: applicability, structural design, and operational design.
Applicability, in this study, is concerned with discerning the circumstances in which cellular manufacturing is the system of choice. The methodology employed is simulation and two experimental studies are conducted. The objective of Experiment I, a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial design, is to investigate the role of setup time and move time on system performance and to gain insight into why and how one layout could outperform another. The results of Experiment I suggest that move time is a significant factor for job shops and that workload variation needs to be reduced if the performance of cellular manufacturing is to be improved. Experiment II evaluates the impact of setup time reduction and operational standardization on the performance of cellular manufacturing. The results of Experiment II suggest that cellular manufacturing is preferred if the following conditions exist: (1) well balanced workload, (2) standardized products, (3) standardized operations, and (4) setup times independent from processing times.Ph. D.
37
Juniel, Aude-Léa. "L' applicabilité des normes outre-mer." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10042.
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Ahmed, Hala Abdel Rahim. "Applicability of Healthy Communities in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32780.
Full textAbstract:
Healthy Cities/Communities (HC) is an experiment that addresses health from a non-medical perspective. It focuses on health as a phenomenon that is not amenable to conventional scientific investigation or discussion. HC emphasizes values of community, aestheticism, relativism and private behavior.
Review of available material establishes that an existing understanding of the concepts underlying HC movement contributes to its successful application. No research appears on the attitudes of health care providers and public health officials on general beliefs about health. The importance of gauging the perceptions of these two sectors could determine the potential success of collaborative efforts for improving public health. Studies of health-related professionals, their perceptions for community health promotion and role of the administrative process, among others, will establish this potential in accordance with what the literature demonstrates. This study compares the attitudes and preferences of public health professionals and members of the hospital service category in Virginia concerning Healthy Communities concepts. The study concludes that the two sectors surveyed have similar attitudes and preferences on the issues that promote community health, thus showing potential for successful collaboration. Future research can explore the attitudes of other sectors, such as educational institutions, and their potential for engaging in collaborative efforts to create healthier communities.Master of Urban and Regional Planning
39
Jin, Na. "Fly Ash Applicability in Pervious Concrete." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1279136103.
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Ha, Ng Pui-suk Ophelia. "Global marketing strategies applicability within Asia /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12349719.
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Brembilla, Eleonora. "Applicability of climate-based daylight modelling." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28239.
Full textAbstract:
This PhD thesis evaluated the applicability of Climate-Based Daylight Modelling (CBDM) as it is presently done. The objectives stated in this thesis aimed at broadly assessing applicability by looking at multiple aspects: (i) the way CBDM is used by expert researchers and practitioners; (ii) how state-of-the-art simulation techniques compare to each other and how they are affected by uncertainty in input factors; (iii) how the simulated results compare with data measured in real occupied spaces. The answers obtained from a web-based questionnaire portrayed a variety of workflows used by different people to perform similar, if not the same, evaluations. At the same time, the inter-model comparison performed to compare the existing simulation techniques revealed significant differences in the way the sky and the sun are recreated by each technique. The results also demonstrated that some of the annual daylight metrics commonly required in building guidelines are sensitive to the choice of simulation tool, as well as other input parameters, such as climate data, orientation and material optical properties. All the analyses were carried out on four case study spaces, remodelled from existing classrooms that were the subject of a concurrent research study that monitored their interior luminous conditions. A large database of High Dynamic Range images was collected for that study, and the luminance data derived from these images could be used in this work to explore a new methodology to calibrate climate-based daylight models. The results collected and presented in this dissertation illustrate how, at the time of writing, there is not a single established common framework to follow when performing CBDM evaluations. Several different techniques coexist but each of them is characterised by a specific domain of applicability.
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Schlenker, Eva. "ZnO based nanostructures properties and device applicability." Göttingen Cuvillier, 2009. http://d-nb.info/996748695/04.
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Kocarslan, Eylem. "The Applicability Of The Turkish Armed Forces." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606247/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted to estabilish the validity of the Turkish Armed Forces Personality Battery (TAFPB) in selecting Turkish Air Force Academy (TAFA) cadets. Before the data collection some items of TAFPB were made suitable for the TAFA cadets by SME&rsquos. Data were collected from first, second and third year students on TAFPB, 16 PF, psychomotor scores and objective and subjective performance measures. The data of 647 TAFA cadets were evaluated. The correlation matrixes, means and SD&rsquo
S of this study is found consistent with the TAFPB applications of Sumer et al. (2000) and Kale (2004) in military settings. TAFPB is face valid because of the common aims of TAFA and TAFPB, selecting ideal officer. TAFPB is content valid because all traits are determined by using job analysis and the relevance and importance of the traits are scored by SME&rsquo
s. Criterion-related validity was measured by analysing the correlations of TAFPB with objective (academic and sport score) and subjective (commander evaluation, flight, military score) performance. Correlations, and a series of regressions pointed out that TAFPB predicts significantly objective performance. TAFPB has incremental validity over 16 PF and BSI in explaining objective performance. The source and class variances were compared by ANOVA. Cadets from military source had significantly higher scores on 11 factors of TAFPB and on performance factors. Moreover they got significantly low scores on BSI. Military high school graduates seems more preferable by selecting cadets. To conclude, TAFPB is a valid test for TAFA.
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Semini, Marco. "Applicability of Operations Research in Manufacturing Logistics." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for produksjons- og kvalitetsteknikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15155.
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Ever-increasing customer expectations and fierce competition in global markets force manufacturing companies to continuously enhance competitiveness to stay profitable. In recent years, they have realized that manufacturing logistics, i.e. the management of material and information flows in manufacturing companies, has a considerable potential to reduce costs, improve customer service and provide them with a competitive advantage. Manufacturing logistics decision-making is, however, a complex and difficult task, and logistics professionals therefore continuously seek approaches and tools that help them take better decisions. One such approach is operations research (OR), which develops quantitative models and analyzes them to draw some conclusions about the model and, consequently, about the real world. OR has successfully supported manufacturing logistics for decades. It covers a wide variety of techniques, each with its strengths, limitations, success stories and group of advocates. They work well in certain situations, but none of them is a panacea that solves every problem. For logistics decision-makers, it is therefore crucial to understand the problem situations in which the different OR technique can provide added value, i.e. how applicable OR techniques are in different contexts. Research has shown that a mismatch between problem and model/technique is a frequent reason for failure of OR initiatives. There is also a considerable gap between the models and techniques described in the literature and those actually used for decision support in practice, which further emphasizes the need to understand their applicability, i.e. how useful they are in different situations. A review of the literature revealed, however, that relatively little research has aimed to increase the understanding of the applicability of OR techniques. There is a paucity of literature providing details about the situations in which the techniques work well and there is relatively little guidance on selecting techniques. In practice, there seems to be considerable confusion and disagreement. Technique selection is in danger of being affected by personal preferences, and logistics professionals without OR background have little means to judge technique appropriateness. The present thesis addresses these weaknesses in research and practice from the perspective of the operations management and logistics fields, which are concerned with effective decisionmaking in operations/logistics. The thesis’ overall objective is to increase knowledge on the applicability of OR techniques to support decision-making in manufacturing logistics, and to provide an overview of such knowledge for logistics professionals without OR background. This overall objective is achieved by means of three specific objectives: 1. To identify, classify and characterize the typical OR techniques used to support manufacturing logistics in practice, and to identify and classify the typical manufacturing logistics decisions supported by OR techniques. 2. To provide empirical evidence of how the applicability of OR techniques depends on different problem situation characteristics. 3. To develop guidelines that help logistics professionals understand if and how OR techniques can support a given real-world problem situation. The overall methodological idea to achieve these objectives was to study a large number of successful OR applications, identify the areas in which the different OR techniques were useful, investigate how they were used, and develop guidelines based on findings and existing knowledge on OR applicability. Since literature contains hundreds of descriptions of OR applications, with details about the situations in which they took place, it was deemed appropriate to rely heavily on secondary literature. Two extensive surveys of successful applications described in the literature were carried out, one of the journal Interfaces, the other of Winter Simulation Conference proceedings. For a greater in-depth understanding, three case studies were performed as well. This provided a sample of close to 200 OR applications, which constituted the thesis’ empirical foundation. Thesis results were obtained by synthesizing this empirical data with existing literature and the researcher’s background and experience. The main results of this thesis are as follows. (1) A classification of the main OR techniques used to support manufacturing logistics, namely deterministic optimization, discrete-event simulation, queuing theory and inventory theory. At such a high level of technique distinction, different techniques have different world views, provide decision support in different ways, are often practised by different people and are implemented in different types of software systems. At this level, technique selection is therefore of interest and importance not only to OR professionals, but also to logistics professionals responsible of taking sound decisions and seeking decision support. The thesis also includes a characterization of these techniques, based on the idea of paradigms, providing a general understanding of each technique’s key assumptions and properties. (2) A classification of manufacturing logistics decisions supported by OR, including shortterm production planning/scheduling; plant location and distribution system design; production plant design; aggregate production and capacity planning; inventory management; the determination of production rules/policies; and transportation management. Integrated into a seven-by-four matrix, the two classifications provide a framework for systematic investigations of the applicability of OR techniques in manufacturing logistics. (3) Substantial empirical evidence of the link between problem situation characteristics and OR usage. Focus is on five characteristics that seem to affect OR technique applicability, namely decision type, planning horizon, system scope, company size and industry. Empirical evidence was obtained from the two surveys performed as a part of this doctorate study, as well as from relevant surveys carried out by other researchers. The evidence is used to test claims made in the literature about the applicability of OR, as well as to put forward several new propositions. Additional empirical evidence of how problem situation characteristics affect technique applicability was obtained from the three case studies. In the first, Felleskjøpet Trondheim used deterministic optimization to support plant location and distribution system design; in the second, Gilde Norsk Kjøtt used discrete-event simulation to support production plant design and to determine production rules/policies; in the third, Mustad assessed the potential of multi-echelon inventory theory to reduce safety stocks in its global logistics network. (4) Extensive guidelines on the applicability of OR techniques in manufacturing logistics. For the seven decision types typically supported by OR, these guidelines discuss OR technique applicability and provide links from detailed problem situation characteristics to suitable OR techniques. Furthermore, they contain descriptions of how OR techniques support the different decision types, with focus on practice-relevant issues such as input data requirements, the way the models are used in decision-making, relevant types of software systems, time/resource requirements etc. This provides an understanding of how OR works. Given a real-world problem situation in manufacturing logistics, the guidelines thus help assess if OR techniques can provide added value. They target people who need to be aware of the opportunities of OR without being OR professionals, such as logistics and operations managers. They are presented in a form and language that is relevant for this audience, without mathematics or computer jargon. Still, they can also be of interest to OR professionals, especially those new to the field; they highlighting promising application areas and contain structured references to hundreds of real-world OR applications described in the literature. The use and usefulness of the guidelines is illustrated by means of a real-world situation where they could have made OR technique selection more effective. This thesis contributes to a theory of the practice of OR. The main benefits expected are less confusion about the areas in which OR techniques work well, more effective technique selection in practice, and increased exploitation of the opportunities of OR to support manufacturing logistics. Hopefully, it counteracts frequently returning discussions and even argument about the appropriateness of discrete-event simulation as opposed to optimization in logistics and supply chain management. Ultimately, such benefits will lead to more effective decision-making in manufacturing companies. For the research community, the thesis highlights practically relevant topics for future model development; it pinpoints areas in which further research is required to close the gap between theory and practice; and it can serve as a solid foundation for future research on OR applicability.
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Taube, Fabian. "Characterization of Aqueous Peroxomolybdates with Catalytic Applicability." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-45.
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Abstract This thesis is a summary of five papers, containing equilibrium and structure studies of aqueous molybdate and peroxomolybdate species. Some of the peroxomolybdate species have also been studied in terms of their dynamic and catalytic properties. The primary objective was to characterize species with potential catalytic activity, with emphasis on thebleach process of kraft pulp. For this, potentiometry, EXAFS and 17O, 31P, 1H and 95 Mo NMR have been used. The molybdate speciation in 0.300 M Na2(SO4) medium was found to differ from that in 0.600 M Na(Cl) medium, in that the uncharged monomeric molybdate species H2MoO4 was stronger in the sulphate medium, while highly charged species, such as Mo7O24 6-, became somewhat less pronounced. Diperoxomolybdate species, (MoX2)n (X = peroxo ligand, n = 1-2), dominated the peroxomolybdate systems when sufficient peroxide was available. Both sulphate and chloride coordinated to molybdenum in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and these species were more inert than diperoxomolybdate species without coordinated medium anions. Chemical exchange rates increased upon protonation. A dimeric triperoxomolydate species was the only species found that contained more than two peroxo groups per molybdenum atom. At low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, monoperoxoheptamolybdate species, Mo7X, were found. Phosphate was found to coordinate relatively weakly to molybdate in the presence of peroxide. Species with four different nuclearities, i.e. (MoX2)nP (n = 1-4), were found. At excess of peroxide, no molybdophosphates were present. Chemical exchange rates were found to be substantially lower than in the peroxomolybdate system. The aqueous monomeric diperoxomolybdate species retain the pentagonal bipyramidal seven-coordination found in the solid state, although with increased bond lengths. Sulphate seems to coordinate to molybdenum in a monodentate fashion by replacing an oxygen atom. Chloride probably coordinates by replacing an oxygen atom as well. For the dimeric diperoxomolybdate species, a single oxygen-bridge was proposed. Conjugated carbon double bonds in the side chains of lignin model compounds were found to be hydroxylated or epoxidised by peroxomolybdate species. The addition of phosphate did not affect the type or yield of oxidation products noticeably. It was also shown that hydrogen peroxide, in the absence of molybdate, did not react to any noticeable extent with the lignin model compounds under these conditions.
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Hendry, Gilbert R. "Applicability of clustering to cyber intrusion detection /." Online version of thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/4777.
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Larsson, Malin. "Toward increased applicability of ultrasound contrast agents." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Medicinsk bildteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-163387.
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Ultrasound is one of the most widely used modalities in medical imaging because of its high cost-effectiveness, wide availability in hospitals, generation of real-time images, and use of nonionizing radiation. However, the image quality can be insufficient in some patients. Introducing a contrast agent (CA), which comprises a suspension of 2–6 mm-sized microbubbles, improves the image quality and thus the image analysis. At present, contrast-enhanced ultrasound is frequently used during standard clinical procedures such as kidney, liver, and cardiac (echocardiography) imaging. Multimodality and targeted imaging are future areas for ultrasound CAs. Multimodality imaging may improve diagnostics by simultaneously providing anatomical and functional information. Targeted imaging may allow for identification of particular diseases. The work within this thesis focused mainly on a novel multimodal polymer-shelled CA with the potential to be target specific. In Study I, the acoustic response was determined in a flow phantom by evaluating the contrast-to-tissue-ratio when using contrast sequences available in clinical ultrasound systems. This study showed that a high acoustic pressure is needed for optimal visualization of the polymer-shelled CA. In Study II, the in vivo performance of this CA was evaluated in a rat model, and the blood elimination time and subcellular distribution were determined. In Study III, the efficiency in endocardial border delineation was assessed in a pig model. The polymer-shelled CA had a significantly longer blood circulation time than the commercially available CA SonoVue, which is favorable for target-specific CA, in which a long circulation time increases the probability of target-specific binding. Transmission electron microscopic analysis of tissue sections from liver, kidney, spleen and lungs, obtained at different time points after CA injection showed that macrophages were responsible for the elimination of the polymer-shelled CA. A higher dose of the polymer-shelled CA was needed to obtain similar endocardial border delineation efficiency as that obtained using SonoVue. The results of Studies I–III demonstrate that the polymer-shelled CA has potential applicability in medical imaging. Current guidelines for contrast-enhanced echocardiography are limited to cases of suboptimal image quality or when there is a suspicion of structural abnormalities within the left ventricle. It may be hypothesized that the wider use of contrast-enhanced echocardiography may help to detect some diseases earlier. Study IV assessed the diagnostic outcomes after contrast administration in patients without indications for CA use. The myocardial wall motion score index and ejection fraction were evaluated by experienced and inexperienced readers, and a screening for left ventricular structural abnormalities was performed. More cases of wall motion and structural abnormalities were detected in the contrast-enhanced analysis. Intra- and interobserver variability was lower with the use of CAs. This study suggests that the more widespread use of CAs instead of the current selective approach may contribute to earlier detection of cardiovascular disease.QC 20150401
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Leung, Man-tak, and 梁文德. "Applicability of Rasch model in psychological measurement." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976591.
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PEREIRA, LUIS CLAUDIO NUNES. "COMPLEX PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES: APPLICABILITY AT PETROBRAS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=21885@1.
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Neste trabalho, estuda-se a aplicabilidade das metodologias de gestão de
projetos complexos na Petrobras, em um cenário cada vez mais desafiador para as
organizações. Para tanto, apresentam-se os conceitos relativos à gestão de
projetos, complexidade e projetos complexos, cotejando-os com os principais
desafios encontrados na gestão dos projetos da Petrobras. O trabalho descreve
três metodologias para gestão de projetos complexos, como uma alternativa à
tradicional forma de gerenciamento de projetos. Destaca-se a importância de uma
perspectiva holística para o sucesso de projetos de grande complexidade, como
forma de manter a sinergia entre esses projetos e o processo de planejamento
estratégico da Empresa. Identifica-se, conseqüentemente, a necessidade de
atuação de uma área integradora, que viabilize a operacionalização da estratégia
organizacional na execução dos projetos complexos. Ao final, evidenciam-se os
elementos das metodologias formuladas para lidar com a complexidade, os quais
contribuem para a concretização da visão integradora almejada.The objective of this dissertation is to study the applicability of complex project management methodologies at Petrobras, in an increasingly challenging scenario for organizations. Concepts related to project management, complexity and complex projects are presented, and its compatibility with the major challenges encountered in Petrobras strategic planning is substantiated. The work examines three methods for managing complex projects, as an alternative to the traditional forms of project management. The importance of a holistic perspective to the success of projects of great complexity is highlight, as a way to keep the synergy between these projects and the strategic planning process of the company. The need for an integrative organizational area, which would enable the operationalization of corporate strategy in the implementation of complex projects, is identified. At the end, the elements of the methodologies formulated to deal with complexity that contributes to the achievement of the desired integrated vision, are shown.
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OLIVEIRA, JOSE LUIS AMARAL DE CARVALHO DE. "DIGITAL HUMAN MODELS: CONCEPT, APPLICABILITY AND TECHNOLOGIES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23898@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROA presente pesquisa tem como objetivo explorar as diferentes possibilidades de aplicação de Digital Human Models em projetos para as áreas do Design, Arquitetura, Arte e Engenharia. A partir da construção de um panorama temporal das culturas antigas, com a redescoberta de valores o período do Renascimento e culminando na Revolução Industrial, seguindo com o fator humano sendo agregado aos requisitos de projeto na Revolução Industrial. Do contexto histórico da curiosidade humana por replicar sua imagem até a implementação da representação da forma humana como parâmetro projetual para o setor produtivo. Espera-se com a pesquisa um melhor entendimento dos Digital Human Models como ferramenta para o desenvolvimento de projetos, sua aplicabilidade e perspectivas futuras, possibilitando assim a consequente disseminação de seu uso e maior acessibilidade ao usuário final, bem como um mapeamento das etapas e tecnologias de criação dos modelos.
The present research intends to explore the different possibilities on the application of Digital Human Models on projects for Design, Architecture, Arts and Engineering. Building a panorama over the time starting on ancient cultures, rediscovering values from the antiquity on the period of Renascence, and culminating on the Industrial Revolution, following with the human factor been adopted as a project requirement during the Industrial Revolution. From a historical panorama of the human curiosity for replicating its own image until the implementation of human representation as project parameters into the productive sector. The main goal of this research is to obtain a better understanding of Digital Human Models as a tool to be used on projects development, its applicability and future perspectives, allowing with it a consequent dissemination of its use and a bigger accessibility to the final user, as well as a mapping of the stages and technologies on creating those models.