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1
Golding, John. "Superficial scald in apples /." Richmond, N.S.W. : Centre of Horticulture and Plant Science, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030602.162040/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999.Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Copies of related publications in back. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 341-365).
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Tipper, Nicholas Charles. "An instrument for the bioyield detection and firmness measurement of apples." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, 2006.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Nov. 20, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-114). Also issued in print.
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Kaakeh, Walid. "The effect of spirea aphid (Homoptera: aphididae) feeding and nitrogen fertilization on the growth of young apple trees, with comparisons to apple aphid." Diss., This resource online, 1989. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11072008-063502/.
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Bartman, Jennifer. "Apple." FIU Digital Commons, 2008. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1416.
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Apple is a collection of poems that explores the connection between human relationships and the evolution of an identity. Multiple speakers investigate gender and sexuality, plentitude and poverty, atheism and Christianity in order to better understand some of the forces that affect a woman's consciousness. An awareness of perceived dualities, such as self and other, reason and faith, nature and technology, socialization and loneliness are central to this exploration. The poems employ various forms, such as ultra-talk narratives, lyrical meditations, prose poetry, epistolary poems and hypertext. The variety of structure and form in the collection mirrors the variety of approaches the speakers employ to move closer and further away from the subjects at hand. The rhetorical posture employed in each poem is directly linked to the speaker's relationship with the audience, which is an excellent example of a human relationship affecting the evolution of an identity.
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Zhao, Shi. "Antioxidant Effects of Apples and Apple Products in Diet." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306870394.
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Hercules, Judith L. "Differences in lipoxygenase activity as related to cultivar differences in superficial scald of apples." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=615.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 90 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-88).
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Bodnaruk, K. P. "Adoption of IPM in the Australian apple industry /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe.pdf.
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Adamek, Michel. "Apples väg till framgång : Bakomliggande faktorer till varför Apple lyckats." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Social and Economic Geography, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88564.
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Damavandian, M. R. "Biology of subterranean populations of woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann)(Homoptera:Aphididae), in apple orchards." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51638.
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Dissertation (PhD (Agric))--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A study was made of the basic biology of subterranean Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) populations in apple orchards in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The absence of cornicles and the presence of a vulva could be used to identify 1st instar nymphs and adults respectively. Body length, body width and length of the hind femur are useful for separating 2nd , 3rd and 4th instars. However, separation of 2nd from 3rd instar nymphs was very unreliable. Maximum population growth rate was at 23°C while at 30 °C population growth was zero. The estimated minimum and maximum threshold temperatures for development were 4.32 and more than 30°C respectively. Numbers of underground E. lanigerum in soil samples taken using mechanical and hand augers were similar. However, numbers of aphids in samples were influenced by the distance from the trunk at which the samples were taken and the presence and the type of root material in the samples. More aphids were recorded close to the trunk, and at a given distance from the trunk more aphids were recorded if there was root material in the sample, especially if the roots were galled. early autumn (February, March) and declined during winter, especially if the winter rainfall was high. These cycles coincided with the nitrogen cycles in the roots. Embryos were also present in all instars throughout the year. There were more embryos in the 4th instar and adult aphids than in the other instars. The highest number of embryos in the 4th instar and adult aphids occurred during spring, which coincided with peak nitrogen levels in the roots of apple trees. Nitrogen levels in root material adjacent to galls and in ungalled roots were higher than in root galls. A number of entomopathogenic fungi, including species of Conidiobolus, Hirsufella and Beauveria were found. Their present contribution to biological control is not known. A straw mulch suppressed subterranean E. lanigerum population levels at least as well as the soil insecticide, imidacloprid, currently in use.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Studie van die basiese biologie van ondergrondse bevolkings van , Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) is in appelboorde in die Weskaap Provinsie van Suid-Afrika uitgevoer. Die afwesigheid van kornikels en die aanwesigheid van 'n vulva kon gebruik word om die 1ste instar nimfe en volwassennes onderskeidelik te identifiseer. Liggaamslengte, liggaamsbreedte en die lengte van die agterste femur kon gebruik word om die 2de , 3de en 4de instars van mekaar te onderskei. Onderskeiding tussen 2de en 3de instar nimfe was egter baie onbetroubaar. Maksimum bevolkingsgroei het by 23°C plaasgevind, terwyl dit nul was by 30 °C. Die beraamde minimum en maksimum temperature vir ontwikkeling was by 4.32 en meer as 30°C onderskeidelik. Getalle van ondergrondse E. lanigerum in grondmonsters wat geneem is met gebruik van meganiese en hand bore was eenders. Getalle plantluise in monsters is egter beïnvloed deur die afstand vanaf die stam waarby die monsters geneem is en die teenwoordigheid van wortelmateriaal in die monsters. Meer plantluise is aangeteken as daar wortelmateriaal in die monsters was, en veral as daar galle op die wortels was. Die appelbloedluis was dwarsdeur die jaar ondergronds aktief. Bevolkingsvlakke het gedurende die vroeë somer (November, Desember) en vroeë herfs (Februarie, Maart) toegeneem, en gedurende die winter afgeneem, veral as die winterreënval hoogwas. Embrio's was ook teenwoordig dwarsdeur die jaar. Daar was meer embrio's in die 4de instar en volwasse plantluise as in die ander instars. Die hoogste aantal embrio's in die 4de instar en volwasse plantluise het in die lente voorgekom, wat saamgeval het met piek stikstofvlakke in die wortels van appelbome. Stikstofvlakke in wortelmateriaal aangrensend aan wortels en in wortels sonder galle was hoër as in wortelgalle. Talle entomopatogeniese swamme, insluitend spesies van Conidiobolus, Hirsufella en Beauvaria IS gevind. Hulle huidige bydrae tot biologiese beheer is nie bekend nie. 'n Strooideklaag het ondergrondse bevolkingsvlakke van E. lanigerum tot ten minste dieselfde mate as die grondinsektedoder, imidacloprid, wat tans in gebruik is, onderdruk.
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Shkurat, M. S. "Apple products." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/28609.
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Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization that make our life much easier. Such technology is produced by a lot of companies and Apple Incorporation is not an exception.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/28609
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Movchan, V. V. "Apple I." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33761.
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Apple I was developed for personal use. It was Wozniak’s friend Steve Jobs’s idea to sell the computer.
At the regular meetings of the "Homebrew Computer Club" Jobs and Wozniak staged the presentation of the computer. However, even in such an attractive presentation of the proposal interest in buying Apple I showed only one person. It appeared to Paul Terrell, the owner of a computer store Byte, recently opened at the Camino Real, Menlo Park.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33761
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Becanovic, Irena, and Louisa Masoura. "APPLE : Abnormala avkastningar på Apple Inc av diverse händelser?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-10393.
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This paper treats the question about how the internationally established company, Apple, is affected by intern or extern events when it comes to the trade market. The purpose of the study is to investigate if chosen events create abnormal return on Apples stock market. The chosen research area is Steve Jobs three sick-listings, It-bubble and the purchase of the search engine company Siri. The reason of writing about this is the big interest for the stock market and its function. This study methodological starting position is quantitative done by an event study, with qualitative feature done by an interview with an expertise within this area. When analyzing the empirics, we have used the efficient market theory that says that information should not affect the stock market in the degree that abnormal return creates. Beyond that theory, we have used former research "Stock prices and top management changes" written by Jerold B. Warner and Ross L. that got abnormal return when they did an event study about CEO changes, "CEO change and firm performance in large corporations: succession effects and manager effects", Randolph P. Beatty och Edward J. Zajac. that means that the stock prices affect is different depending on if the shareholders is more prepared to the information, "The stock market psychology" there Gyllenram refers to his theory about people projecting their thoughts and feelings to each other that creates big movements on the stock market and "Beyond Greed and Fear", Shefrin H. that while his study discovered a new theory that he called "the opposite strategy", meaning that a high positive volatility is comply with a negative volatility by the same value. Shefrin also note that new information makes overreaction and vice versa. The conclusion that we can make by this research is that new shocking information has led to overreaction, exactly like Shefrin points out. That means that older information makes less volatility, and we can see this by studying Steve Jobs three sick-listings. The efficient market theory was adaptable on these three events, because abnormal return did not occur. However, we got abnormal return on the other two events, Siri and the It -bubble. We could associate these answers to Shefrin´s theory about overreaction when new information gets public.
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Heunis, J. M. (Juanita Maria). "The biology and management of aerial populations of woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) (Homoptera: aphididae)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52491.
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Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The basic biology of Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) and its natural enemy, Aphelinus mali (Haldeman), was investigated in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The first instar nymph can be identified by the absence of cornicles and the adult female by the presence of the vulva. Body length and distance between cornicles can be used to distinguish between the 2nd , 3rd and 4th instars. The development of E. lanigerum was negatively influenced by temperatures above 27DC. The net replacement rate (Ro) and intrinsic rate of increase (rm) peaked at 20DC. The theoretical lower and upper threshold temperatures for development were estimated at 4.48DC and 28.07DC, respectively. Crawlers of E. lanigerum migrated from the roots up into the trees during spnng to start new infestations. Colonies became visible from December and maximum colony numbers were reached from the end of summer until autumn, at which time most of the colonies were parasitised by A. mali. Colony numbers declined at the end of autumn after high parasitism and the appearance of winged E. lanigerum. The aphid overwintered on the tree. Chemical sprays, rain during spring and high temperature influenced population numbers negatively. E. lanigerum can be monitored by counting the unparasitised colonies in leaf axils of half of each of 25 trees per 2 hectare plot with 5 unparasitised colonies as the economic threshold. Sampling error was high at 40% but increasing the number of trees did not reduce it. Presence-absence sampling, which will reduce the time required for monitoring, did not seriously compromise the reliability of decisions regarding the necessity for intervention. Chemicals containing nitrogen usually sprayed for bitterpit control stimulated the settling of E. lanigerum crawlers on Granny Smith trees, while fruit weevil barriers for the control of Phlyctinus callos us Boh. limited crawler movement into the trees but did not prevent colonisation. All the postembryonic developmental stages of E. lanigerum were parasitised by A. mali. Complete parasitism of the population was never reached as younger instars sheltered under other aphids and mummified aphids. Development of A. mali was not influenced negatively by high temperatures. The minimum developmental temperature and number of degree days needed for development of the larval stage and emergence of the adult from the mummy were .6.72°C and 172.41°D, and 10.27°C and 109.89°D respectively. Mummies collected during early winter survived long periods of cold storage in postdiapause. The rrummum threshold temperature for postdiapause development of A. mali was ·10.15°C. Most chemicals tested against A. mali adults were highly toxic to the wasp, except endosulfan and two growth regulators, flufenoxuron and fenoxycarb. The mortality of adults exposed to the fungicides tested was low within the first 24 hours. The percentage emergence from the mummies was high for all chemicals tested, but more than 60% of the adults died soon after emergence from mummies treated with chlorpyrifos. Nearly 30% of the adults died soon after they emerged from carbaryl (XLR-Plus) and fenthion treated mummies. The growth regulators, flufenoxuron and fenoxycarb, did not influence fecundity adversely.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die basiese biologie van Enosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) en sy natuurlike vyand, Aphelinus mali (Haldeman), in die Weskaap Provinsie van Suid-Afrika isondersoek. Die eerste instar nimf kan aan die afwesigheid van kornikels en die volwassenes aan die teenwoordigheid van die vulva uitgeken word. Die liggaamslengte en afstand tussen die kornikels kan gebruik word om tussen instar 2, 3 en 4 te onderskei. Die ontwikkeling van E. lanigerum word nadelig deur temperature bo 27°C beïnvloed. Die netto vervangingstempo (Ro) en intrinsieke tempo van toename (rm) was die hoogste by 20°C. Die teoretiese minimum en maksimum temperatuur drempelwaardes vir ontwikkeling was 4.48°C en 28.07°C onderskeidelik. In die lente beweeg E. lanigerum kruipers op vanaf die wortels tot in die bome om nuwe kolonies te begin. Kolonies is sigbaar vanaf Desember en die hoogste koloniegetalle word aan die einde van die somer tot die herfs bereik, wanneer die meeste van die kolonies dan ook deur A. mali geparasiteer word. Teen laat-herfs neem koloniegetalle af as gevolg van hoë parasitisme en die verskyning van gevleuelde E. ,lanigerum. E. lanigerum oorwinter op die appelboom. Chemiese behandelings, reën gedurende die lente en hoë temperatuur beïnvloed koloniegetalle nadelig. E. lanigerum kan deur die aantal ongeparasiteerde kolonies in die blaaroksels van die helfte van 25 bome per 2 hektaar blok te tel, met 5 ongeparasiteerde kolonies as die ekonomiese drempelwaarde, gemonitor word. Die steekproefnemingsfout was hoog (40%), maar kon nie verminder word deur die aantal bome wat gemonitor is te verhoog nie. Steekproefneming, vir aan- of afwesigheid van kolonies, wat monitortyd sal verminder, het min invloed op die betroubaarheid van besluitnemings oor die noodsaaklikheid van bespuitings gehad. Stikstofbevattende chemikalieë, wat vir die beheer van bitterpit gespuit word, stimuleer vestiging van E. lanigerum kruipers op Granny Smith bome, terwyl snuitkewerversperrings, vir die beheer van Phlyctinus callosus Boh., die opwaartse beweging van kruipers in die bome beperk, maar nie kolonievorming van E. lanigerum verhoed nie. Alle postembrioniese ontwikkelingstadiums van E. lanigerum is deur A. mali geparasiteer. Totale parasitisme is nooit bereik nie, omdat jonger instars onder ander bloedluise en gemummifiseerde bloedluise skuil. Die ontwikkeling van A. mali word nie deur hoë temperature benadeel nie. Die minimum ontwikkelingstemperatuur en graaddae, nodig vir ontwikkeling van die larwale stadium en die verskyning van die volwassene uit die mummie, was 6.72°C met 172.4loD en 10.27°C met 109.89°D, onderskeidelik. Mummies wat vroeg in die winter versamel is, het lang periodes van koelopberging oorleef. Die minimum temperatuur drempelwaarde vir A. mali ontwikkeling in postdiapouse was 10.15°C. Die meeste van die chemikalieë wat getoets is, was hoogs toksies vir die volwasse wesp, behalwe endosulfan en die twee groeireguleerders, flufenoxuron en fenoxycarb. Die mortaliteit van volwassenes wat aan swamdoders blootgestel is, was laag binne die eerste 24 uur na blootstelling. Die persentasie uitkoms vanuit mummies was hoog vir al die chemikalieë wat getoets is, maar met chlorpyrifos het 60% van die volwassenes net na uitkoms doodgegaan. Ongeveer 30% van die volwassenes is dood na verskyning vanuit mummies wat met carbaryl (XLR-Plus) en fenthion gespuit is. Die groeireguleerders, flufenoxuron en fenoxycarb, het nie die vrugbaarheid van die parasiet merkbaar beïnvloed nie.
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Sikorskaitė-Gudžiūnienė, Sidona. "Genetic characteristics of diversity of apple resistance to apple scab." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20141208_102400-45936.
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The aim of the research. To identify genes involved in V. inaequalis induced resistance response in Malus sp. and to develop apple hybrids with pyramidic resistance. Specific aims: 1. To characterize the genetic diversity and resistance to apple scab in the collection of apple genetic resources; 2. To develop apple hybrids of pyramidic resistance for apple breeding; 3. To characterize apple nuclear proteome and to perform a comparative genomic analysis of V. inaequalis induced Malus response; 4. To identify apple resistance genes involved in response to apple scab and to develop functional markers.Tyrimų tikslas: identifikuoti V. inaequalis indukuojamo Malus sp. apsauginio atsako reikšmingus genus ir sukurti piramidinio atsparumo rauplėgrybiui donorus obels selekcijai. Tyrimų uždaviniai: 1. Charakterizuoti obels genetinių išteklių įvairovę bei nustatyti jų atsparumą rauplėgrybiui; 2. Sukurti ir atrinkti superjautrumo atsaku pagrįsto piramidinio atsparumo donorus obels selekcijai; 3. Charakterizuoti naminės obels ląstelės branduolio proteomą ir atlikti V. inaequalis indukuojamo atsako lyginamosios genomikos analizę; 4. Identifikuoti obels atsparumo rauplėgrybiui reikšmingus genus ir sukurti obels atsparumo ligoms funkcinius žymeklius.
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Christians, Gillian Eleanore. "Identification of molecular markers linked to woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum) (Hausmann) resistance in apple." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53454.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is an important horticultural crop worldwide and in the Western Cape. The income generated from apple and other deciduous fruit production amounts to approximately 25% of the gross total value of horticultural production in the Western Cape. Unfortunately diseases and pests adversely affect fruit production in this region. Woolly apple aphids (Eriosoma lanigerum L. (Hausmann» have a significant effect on the apple industry in the Western Cape. Damage caused is two-fold, occurring aerially and terrestrially. Insects colonise the plants, feeding off the phloem sap. Aphid infestation around the root system results in repeated infestation of the foliage as it serves as a reservoir of aphids. In extreme cases, the apple cores are also infested, thus affecting the sale of apples. In 1962, Northern Spy was identified as a woolly apple aphid resistant rootstock and has since then formed the basis for traditional rootstock breeding programmes. The Er1 gene in Northern Spy confers resistance. According to one report, the natural resistance of Northern Spy was overcome in South Africa in 1968, but this was not confirmed in an independent study. The main objectives of this study was to firstly identify molecular markers more closely linked to the woolly apple aphid resistance gene, Er1, than existing markers, by applying AFLP technology to selected seedlings, identified to be resistant by conventional phenotyping. If identified, these markers can be incorporated into existing breeding programmes. Secondly, previously identified RAPD and SCAR markers were tested to determine their applicability in local populations for use in breeding programmes. Ultimately the segregation of the Er1 gene in South African populations can be determined if tightly linked markers are identified. Three families were derived from crosses of each of three resistant genotypes, namely Northern Spy, Rootstock 5 and Russian Seedling and a susceptible cultivar, Braeburn. For the three successive years of the study, each resistant genotype was allowed to cross-pollinate in isolation with the susceptible parent. Two hand-pollinated families, Russian Seedling x Liberty and Russian Seedling x Northern Spy, were also included in the study. The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was used in an attempt to identify markers in the resistant and susceptible seedlings. No markers were identified using this technique. Known sequence characterised amplified regions (SCAR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used due to their suitability in marker-assisted selection for woolly apple aphid resistance. Varying results were obtained with these markers and no conclusive information was acquired with regard to the segregation of the Er] gene in any of these rootstocks and crosses. This underlines the need for the development of markers that can readily be applied in local breeding programmes. The identification and integration of such markers will greatly benefit the local and world wide apple industries.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Appels (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is wêreldwyd en in die Wes-Kaap 'n belangrike landbougewas. Inkomste gegenereer deur appels en ander sagtevrugte vorm bykans 25% van die bruto inkomste uit vrugte in die Wes-Kaap. Siektes en insekpeste verlaag egter die produksie van vrugte in hierdie streek. Appelbloedluise (Eriosoma lanigerum L. (Hausmann» het 'n groot invloed op appelproduksie in die Wes-Kaap. Skade word bogronds en ondergronds aangerig. Insekte koloniseer die plant en leef op floeëmsap. Besmetting van die wortels lei tot herhaalde besmetting van bogrondse dele aangesien die insekte aanteelop die wortels. In uiterste gevalle word die vrugte geaffekteer, wat vrug-verkope beïnvloed. 'Northern Spy' is in 1962 geïdentifiseer as 'n onderstam met natuurlike weerstand teen appelbloedluis en het vir lank die basis gevorm vir tradisionele telingsprogramme. Weerstand word verleen deur die Erf geen. Volgens een verslag is die natuurlike weerstand van Northern Spy egter in 1968 in Suid-Afrika oorkom, maar dit is nog nie in 'n onafhanklike studie bevestig word nie. Die hoof doelstellings van hierdie studie was om eerstens deur middel van die AFLP tegniek molekulêre merkers te identifiseer wat nouer gekoppel is aan die appelbloedluis weerstandsgeen, En, as bestaande merkers. Hierdie tegniek is toegepas op saailinge wat deur konvensionele fenotipering geselekteer is. Indien merkers suksesvol geïdentifiseer is, kan dit in bestaande telingsprogramme geïntegreer word. Tweedens is bestaande RAPD en SCAR merkers ook getoets om hul toepaslikheid te bepaal vir gebruik in plaaslike teelprogramme. Oplaas sal die segregasie van die Erf geen in Suid- Afrikaanse populasies ook deur middel van nou gekoppelde merkers bepaal kan word. Kruisings van elk van die drie weerstandbiedende genotipes, naamlik 'Northern Spy', 'Rootstock 5' en 'Russian Seedling', en die vatbare kultivar, 'Braeburn' , het drie families daargestel. Elke weerstandbiedende genotipe is toegelaat om in isolasie te kruisbestuif met die vatbare ouer. Twee hand-bestuifde families, 'Russian Seedling' x 'Liberty' en 'Russian Seedling' x 'Northern Spy', is in 'n latere stadium van die studie ingesluit. Die AFLP tegniek is gebruik vir die identifikasie van polimorfiese merkers tussen vatbare en weerstandbiedende populasies. Geen merkers is egter geïdentifiseer nie. Bestaande SCAR en RAPD merkers is vervolgens gebruik om te bepaal of hulle geskik is vir gebruik in merker-bemiddelde seleksie vir appelbloedluis weerstand. Wisselende resultate is verkry ten opsigte van amplifikasie, herhaalbaarheid van resultate was swak en geen onweerlegbare bewyse oor die segregasie van die Erfgeen is bekom nie. Dit beklemtoon die noodsaaklikheid om merkers wat geredelik in plaaslike teelprogramme toegepas kan word, te ontwikkel. Die identifikasie en integrasie van sulke merkers sal die plaaslike en wêreld-wye appel industrieë aansienlik bevoordeel.
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Young, Matthew Charles. "EAT THE APPLE." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1432217119.
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Zicchina, Stefano <1990>. "Caso Foxconn Apple." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/11941.
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Descrizione del caso dei suicidi dei lavoratori nelle fabbriche della Foxconn principale fornitore della Apple con annesse reazioni mediatiche. Segue un'analisi del mondo lavorativo cinese sotto il punto di vista del diritto del lavoro internazionale.
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Wright, Jim. "Utilization OF Apple Wash Treatments And Ultraviolet Light For The Elimination Of Escherichia coli O157:H7 In Apple Cider." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42637.
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Three studies regarding Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple cider were conducted. The objectives were: to evaluate the effectiveness of wash and sanitizers for removing E. coli O157:H7 from apples; to survey cider producer practices; and to determine the efficacy of ultraviolet light for reducing E. coli O157:H7 in cider.
Apples with a five-strain acid resistant mixture of E. coli O157:H7 were treated with 200 ppm hypochlorite, a phosphoric acid-based fruit wash, 5% acetic acid, 5% acetic acid followed by 3% hydrogen peroxide, a peroxyacetic acid-based solution, and distilled water. The water wash caused insignificant reductions. All other treatments caused significant reductions. Acetic acid and peroxyacetic acid were the most effective with reductions of 3.1 and 2.6 logs, respectively.
The survey determined that most producers are small, seasonal operations. Most use sound orchard management practices, clean and sanitize daily, sort and wash apples, use refrigeration, and try to prevent contamination. However, some use drop and damaged apples. Few use chemical sanitizers on apples, preservatives, pasteurize cider, or have HACCP programs.
Cider inoculated with the same mixture of E. coli O157:H7 was processed using a thin- film ultraviolet disinfection unit operating at 254 nm. Dosages ranged from 9,402 to 61,005 æW- sec/cm2. Treatment significantly reduced E. coli O157:H7 (pó 0.0001) with a mean reduction of 3.81 log CFU/ml. Reduction was also affected by the level of background microflora in cider. Results indicate that ultraviolet light can reduce this pathogen in cider. However, additional reduction measures are necessary to achieve the required 5 log reduction.Master of Science
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Nicholas, Adrian Harry. "The pest status and management of woolly aphid in an Australian apple orchard IPM program /." View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030624.095814/index.html.
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McKenzie, Darrell-Lee. "Physical and chemical properties of apple juice and apple juice particulate." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27984.
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In order to prevent enzymatic oxidation of phenols during the centrifugal extraction of juice from apple purée, a sulfite or ascorbic acid treatment followed by blanching has been proposed. However, juice from blanched puree is more turbid and difficult to clarify than juice processed without blanching. In order to better understand the effect of blanching on juice turbidity as well as to provide more information concerning the effect of cultivar, post-harvest storage and enzyme treatment on juice quality, the chemical and physical properties of apple juice and apple juice particulate from fresh and stored McIntosh, Red Delicious and Spartan apples processed with and without enzyme digestion and with and without blanching
were examined. Analysis of juice included measurement of: soluble solids, total sugars (by HPLC), sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol, pH, titratable acidity, total acidity (by HPLC), citric acid, galacturonic acid, malic acid, quinic acid, succinic acid, pectin (as anhydrogalacturonic acid by HPLC) and turbidity (as absorbance at 600 nm). Analysis of particulate included measurement of dry matter weight, pectin, protein and zeta potential
as well as thin sectioning, negative staining and shadow casting transmission
electron microscopy.
Chemical analysis of apple juice showed that the levels of organic acids, sugars and soluble pectin differed between cultivars. However, no varietal differences were observed in the chemical or microscopic analysis of cloud material. Blanching of apple puree, on the other hand, increased apple juice turbidity by increasing the amount of particulate suspended in the juice. Furthermore, blanching stabilized suspended particulate by what appeared to be the formation of a protective colloid which prevented particle
aggregation through electrostatic repulsion. Post-harvest apple storage also resulted in changes to juice particulate, which were observed as gel formation
during juice storage at 0°C and as a web-like aspect in the microscopic
appearance of juice particulate. Treatment of apple purée with Ir-gazyme 100 decreased juice turbidity, resulting in the concomitant decrease in both the level of soluble juice pectin and the amount of suspended cloud material. Use of enzyme treatment and blanching in the processing of apple juice was demonstrated by stepwise discriminant analysis to allow production of four unique apple juice products.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Welker, Robert M. "White apple leafhopper affects apple fruit quality and leaf gas exchange." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063712/.
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TABARELLI, MATTIA. "Investigating the molecular targets of Apple Proliferation Phytoplasma effector SAP11CaPM in apple." Doctoral thesis, country:IT, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10449/69170.
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Apple Proliferation (AP) is a phytoplasma-related associated with 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' ('Ca. P. mali'). Trees affected by the disease display several symptoms associated with plant shape and development, ultimately leading to the generation of non-marketable fruits. The disease is widespread in many apple cultivated areas of Europe, where outbreaks in recent years caused huge economic losses. There is no cure or treatment for phytoplasmoses but to control the vector insects, the uprooting of affected trees and the use of healthy propagation material. In the last years, extensive research led to the identification of AP-tolerant experimental rootstock, but the molecular basis of this inheritable trait is unknown. Phytoplasmas secrete pathogenic proteins, called effectors, that affect the host physiology and determine a fitness advantage for the bacteria. Among these, the best characterized in 'Ca. P. mali' is SAP11CaPM, which was observed to target and deactivate two M. × domestica transcription factors of the TCP family, i.e., MdTCP4a and MdTCP13a. This work aims to investigate the molecular targets of SAP11CaPM to shed light on the molecular basis of disease development and the phenomenon of tolerance.
The second chapter consists of a revision of the MdTCP gene family set by performing a re-identification on the latest high-quality M. × domestica genome assembly. Of the 52
MdTCP sequences previously described, 15 were discarded because of redundancy with other MdTCPs (six) or the absence of a complete open reading frame (nine). Of the 37
remaining MdTCP sequences, 30 were observed to be included in the list of functionally annotated genes automatically computed. Furthermore, three novel MdTCP sequences
have been identified, for a total of 40 sequences constituting the revised set of the MdTCP gene family. Analysis of the intergenic identity, combined with the synteny analysis previously performed on the whole M. × domestica genome, allowed the identification of 15 pairs of genes that likely originated through a recent whole-genome duplication event. Finally, the 40 MdTCP sequences identified were named according to the homology with A. thaliana TCP.
In chapter 3, the sequences of the two SAP11CaPM-target genes have been analyzed in susceptible and tolerant genotypes to screen for potential differences that could explain
the tolerant behaviour displayed by some plants. Sequence analyses led to the identification of two rare amino acid substitutions in MdTCP4a, of which one, in particular, was not found in any of the TCP sequences published to date. The interaction between the bacterial effector and the protein alternatives from susceptible and tolerant genotypes was measured both in a heterologous system (Y2H) and in planta (BiFC). The interaction assays showed no difference in the interaction strength between the different alternatives, suggesting that this mechanism cannot explain the tolerant phenotype. Nonetheless, a good degree of correlation between the presence of the two amino acid substitutions and tolerance to AP was found, indicating a possible role of these sequences as genetic markers of tolerance.
Finally, chapter 4 describes the generation and characterization of M. × domestica transgenic plants overexpressing the two MdTCP genes via At-mediated transformation.
While plants overexpressing MdTCP13a died shortly after the regeneration, suggesting that overexpression of this gene can hinder the plant development, several independent
MdTCP4a-overexpressing transgenic lines could be generated. Transgenic lines kept in vitro showed a low level of overexpression and no differences in phenotype compared
to non-transformed plants. Following the soil acclimatization, the transgenic plants demonstrated an increase in the overexpression level and displayed some peculiar phenotype characteristics, such as smaller and crinkled leaves, loss of apical dominance, and generation of more shoots than non-transformed. In vitro transgenic plants were infected with 'Ca. P. mali' using the micrografting technique and were screened for the presence of phytoplasma with a qPCR assay. Results show that two out of three transgenic lines tested display a phytoplasma concentration significantly lower than non-transformed, which is commonly associated with less severity or complete absence of symptoms. Furthermore, the transcriptomes of three soil acclimatized lines have been analyzed via RNAseq, and preliminary analyses show an up-regulation of several genes associated with plant development and abiotic stress responses.
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Mårtensson, Ellinor. "Foaming in Apple Wine." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Natural Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-8354.
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At Kiviks Musteri AB, situated in the southeast part of Scania, a wide variety of products based on fruits and berries, are produced. One of these products is base apple wine, which is used for the production of cider and mulled wine and also is sold to other producers of cider. A foaming problem has occurred at some customers when the cider is bottled, and this problem has been traced to the base wine. The aim of this paper is to investigate what causes the foaming and how the foaming is affected by the clarifying agents used during the production of the wine. An investigation whether silica based antifoaming agents might be a solution of the problem will be performed. During the work fermentations, clarification and foaming tests will be performed in laboratory scale in Kivik. Tests with four different silica based antifoaming compounds are carried out and on these samples the surface tension and viscosity are measured to see how these factors correlate with the foaming when antifoaming agents are added to the wine. What is more, fermentations with a new yeast type and fermentations with less fruit are made to investigate if this could give better foaming properties in the wine.
The tests showed that it is probably proteins that are the main cause of the foaming, but an increase of the amount of bentonite, the clarifying agent reducing protein content in the wine, is not possible since this causes too much sediment. Antifoaming agents gave reduced foaming times, which were at an acceptable level, but when the wine was mixed to cider base and filtered the effect was lost. No significant differences were observed between the four antifoaming compounds. The test with the new yeast type gave no positive results when it came to foaming. The test with less fruit showed a decrease in foaming but not sufficient enough.
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Santos, João Carlos Portela Marques dos. "Equity Research - Apple Inc." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6455.
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Mestrado em FinançasO presente Trabalho Final de Mestrado tem como objectivo a avaliação da empresa norteamericana Apple Inc. de forma a obter um preço-alvo para as suas acções com referência a 29 de Setembro de 2012, data de fim do ano fiscal da empresa. O processo de avaliação da empresa envolveu, numa primeira fase, uma análise detalhada ao negócio da Apple (e suas perspectivas de crescimento) e ao seu posicionamento estratégico. Em segundo lugar, foram aplicadas técnicas de avaliação de empresas de forma a determinar o preço-alvo da Apple. Nesta actividade foi aplicado o método de Adjusted Present Value (APV) - baseado em fluxos de caixa actualizados - e o método dos múltiplos. Os resultados dos dois métodos de avaliação aplicados, quando analisados em conjunto, indicam um preço-alvo a rondar os $646,5/ acção para a Apple à data de 29 de Setembro de 2012. Considerando que o preço de mercado real das acções da empresa, em 29 de Setembro de 2012, foi de $667,105/acção, a recomendação de investimento teria sido de Vender. Por fim, foi feita uma actualização da recomendação de investimento com referência a 13 de Setembro de 2013. Uma vez que o preço de mercado real das acções da Apple, a essa data, era de $464,90/acção, a recomendação de investimento teria sido revista para Comprar, uma vez que representa um ganho potencial de 39% face ao preço-alvo determinado no presente estudo.
The goal of the following Master’s Final Work is to assess the value of the shares of the company Apple Inc. as of 29th September 2012, date in which the company’s fiscal year ends. The valuation process involved, in the first place, a detailed analysis of Apple’s current business (and future outlook), as well as its strategic position. Following this first stage, two financial valuation methods have been applied in order to assess Apple’s price target, namely: Adjusted Present Value (APV) – based in discounted cash-flows – and the method of multiples. The results obtained through the use of the two valuation methods, when analyzed together, indicate a price target for Apple Inc. around $646,5/ share as of 29th September 2012. Considering that the market value of the share, as of that date, was of $667,105/share, the investment recommendation would have been Sell. In addition, an update of the investment recommendation was made as of 13th September 2013. Since the market value of each of Apple’s shares as of that date was of $464,90/share the investment recommendation would have been assessed as Buy, as it represents a potential gain of 39% when in comparison with the target price determined.
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Fedjaj, O. V. "The Apple smart watch." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45002.
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Henry van Dyke said: «Time is too slow for those who wait, too swift for those who fear, too long for those who grieve and too short for those who rejoice…». It is true, but it doesn`t mean that you don`t need a watch. Especially if it can send messages, give directions, track fitness and make wireless payments.
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Adams, Laural Lea. "What the Apple Wants." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1269220391.
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Ahm, Nielsen Martin. "Apple inside : tre strategiske paradigmer anvendt på en virksomhed i forandring = Apple inside /." Aarhus : Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, 2007. http://mit.econ.au.dk/Library/Specialer/20011151.pdf.
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Wyss, Eric. "Possibilities of biocontrol of apple aphids by weed strip-management in apple orchards /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Visser, Marike. "Small RNA profiling of virus-infected apple plants." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95828.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) is globally associated with latent infection in commercial apple trees. Little is known about this plant-‐virus interaction. This study made use of next-‐generation sequencing to investigate the effect of virus-‐infection on the expression of the different small RNA (sRNA) species namely, miRNAs, nat-‐siRNAs, phasiRNAs, rasiRNAs, tRNA-‐derived sRNAs and vsiRNAs. Broad and narrow size-‐range datasets were generated using sRNA libraries prepared from total and size-‐selected RNA, respectively. Through bioinformatic data analyses, 130 genomic loci were predicted to give rise to miRNAs, 85 of which were novel MIR genes. Targets were predicted for the majority of miRNAs, a few of which could be validated with a publicly available degradome dataset. Cis-‐ and trans-‐natural antisense transcripts (NATs) were identified, of which only the latter were highly enriched for sRNAs in their overlapping regions. Transcript as well as genomic regions were also identified that can give rise to phasiRNAs. For 25 of these loci an in-‐phase miRNA target site was identified, half of which could be validated with the degradome dataset. Nearly all apple repeat sequences in Repbase were associated with sRNA synthesis. sRNAs derived from both ends of mature tRNAs were identified. These sRNAs corresponded to tRFs and tRNA-‐halves. Reads associated with tRNA-‐halves were prominent in the broad range datasets. sRNAs, originating from the central regions of tRNAs, were also observed. Analysis of the vsiRNAs suggested the presence of two ASGV genetic variants in two of the samples, while the third sample was infected with only one variant. Comparison of the vsiRNA profiles generated from the two datasets highlighted the influence of library preparation on the interpretation of results. Differential expression analysis of the identified apple sRNA species showed no variation between healthy and infected plants, except for the tRNA-‐derived sRNAs, which did show altered expression levels. Taken together, the various sRNA species characterised in this study significantly extended the existing knowledge of apple sRNAs and provide a broad platform for future functional studies in apple. This study also presents the first and most comprehensive report on sRNAs involved in ASGV infection in apple.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Appel gleufstam virus (ASGV) word wêreldwyd geassosieer met latente infeksie in kommersiële appelbome. Min inligting oor hierdie plant-‐virus interaksie is beskikbaar. Hierdie studie het van volgende-‐generasie volgordebepaling gebruik gemaak om die effek van virusinfeksie op die uitdrukking van verskillende klein RNA (sRNA) spesies, nl. miRNAs, nat-‐siRNAs, phasiRNAs, rasiRNAs, tRNA-‐afkomstige sRNAs en vsiRNAs, te ondersoek. Datastelle met breë en smal grootte-‐verspreiding is gegenereer m.b.v. sRNA biblioteke wat onderskeidelik voorberei is vanaf totale RNA en RNA van ‘n bepaalde grootte. Deur middel van bioinformatiese data-‐ontleding is 130 genomiese loci voorspel wat aanleiding kan gee tot miRNAs, waarvan 85 nuwe MIR gene is. Teikens is voorspel vir die meerderheid van die miRNAs en 'n aantal daarvan kon bevestig word m.b.v. 'n publiek-‐beskikbare degradoom datastel. Cis-‐ en trans-‐natuurlike antisense transkripte (NATs) is geïdentifiseer, waarvan slegs die laasgenoemde verryk was vir sRNAs in hul oorvleuelende areas. Transkrip sowel as genomiese areas, wat aanleiding kan gee tot phasiRNAs, is ook geïdentifiseer. Vir 25 van hierdie loci is 'n in-‐fase miRNA teiken geïdentifiseer, waarvan die helfte bevestig kon word met die degradoom datastel. Byna al die appel herhalende volgordes in Repbase was geassosieer met sRNA sintese. sRNAs afkomstig van beide kante van volwasse tRNAs is geïdentifiseer. Hierdie sRNAs het ooreengestem met tRFs en tRNA-‐helftes. Volgordes geassosieer met tRNA-‐helftes was prominent in die breë grootte-‐verspreiding datastelle. sRNAs, afkomstig van die sentrale dele van tRNAs, is ook waargeneem. Ontleding van die vsiRNAs het die teenwoordigheid van twee ASGV genetiese variante in twee van die monsters aangetoon, terwyl die derde monster met slegs een variant geïnfekteer was. Die vergelyking van vsiRNA profiele, gegenereer vanaf die twee datasteltipes, beklemtoon die invloed van biblioteek voorbereiding op die interpretasie van resultate. Ontleding van die differensiële uitdrukking van die geïdentifiseerde appel sRNA spesies het geen verskil tussen gesonde en geïnfekteerde plante getoon nie, behalwe vir die tRNA-‐afkomstige sRNAs, wat wel verandering die vlak van uitdrukking getoon het. Die verskillende sRNA spesies wat in hierdie studie geïdentifiseer is, het die bestaande kennis van appel sRNAs aansienlik uitgebrei en bied 'n breë platform vir toekomstige funksionele studies in appel. Hierdie studie bied ook die eerste, en mees omvattende verslag oor sRNAs betrokke in ASGV infeksie in appel.
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Joubert, Jill. "Apple girl : ingesting and transforming Apple girl from fairy tale into sculpture and performance." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13098.
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.The submission for my Master of Fine Art degree, which is devoted to the interpretation and transformation of the Italian fairy tale, Apple Girl, into performed sculpture, consists of this document as well as a photographic story-book which illustrates the sculpture component. The sculptured tableaux on wheels, conceived through the properties of carved wood and found-objects, also function as miniature puppet theatres. These are wheeled into the performance arena at relevant moments to be animated by myself, with jazz artist, Athalie Crawford, at times accompanying the performance. Thereafter, the audience is invitedto view the constellation of tableaux as an art work, fixed as an arrangement of sculptures to which the performance has given a framework for presentation and interpretation.
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Stephens, Virginia Lorraine 1963. "An hedonic price model for the national apple market: Implications for Arizona apple growers." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291392.
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An hedonic model of apple prices was developed using data from the three largest producing regions of the United States. Results were used to determine the relative values of selected quality attributes. Specifically, coefficients on the variables produced by the regression represented price premia and discounts for the quality attributes. The variables included in the model were crop year, seasonality, region, variety, size, grade, storage, and a variable designed to measure the impact of the Alar scare on the 1988 crop of Red Delicious apples. Three models were developed. Model I utilized a linear functional form; Model II utilized a log-linear functional form; and Model III utilized a linear functional form with real price as the dependent variable. The results of Model I were used in the final analysis. It was found that size, grade, storage, and seasonality had consistent relationships to the price of an apple. The findings are applied to the Arizona apple industry.
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Dewdney, Megan. "Susceptibility of apple cultivars to Venturia inaequalis." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31221.
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Apple scab is one of the greatest apple management problems throughout the world Much work has been done on cultivars resistant to Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint., but few have been a commercial success. This frequently leaves fungicides as the only control method used. As Quebec growers select new cultivars for planting, more information is needed on their relative susceptibility for efficient scab control. In this light, 21 cultivars common to central and eastern Canada, were examined for their relative susceptibility using several components of partial resistance; disease severity, incubation period, latent period, lesion size, and conidial production. The cultivars used were Cortland, Early Geneva, Empire, Golden Delicious, Golden Russet, Idared, Jersey Mac, Jonagold, Jonamac, Lobo, Lodi, Summerland McIntosh, Mutsu (Crispin), Northern Spy, Paulared, Red Cortland, Red Delicious, Royal Gala, Spartan, Sunrise, and Vista Bella. A final ranking of the cultivars and selection of partial resistance components was done using the principal components analysis. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Jarne, Marion, Sandra Lilja, and Eva Lüddeckens. "Stars' War : Apple vs Dell." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-297.
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Background
A great deal of changes has occurred in the computer industry the last few years due to the development of the market, customers and technology. The competition has increased, both domestically and internationally, and in the same time the customer demands have changed and become more demanding to satisfy. The development of technology has led to the apparition of new ways to communicate, such as the Internet. As a result of these changes, the distribution chain has had to be adapted and changed repeatedly over the years.
Aim of the study
The purpose of our study is to examine how both Apple and Dell can be successful using different distribution channels in the Swedish market.
Frame of reference
Theories regarding the changes in consumer behaviour, different distribution channel strategies, the importance of the Internet, and service management are presented.
Method
Based on the theories, research on Apple and Dell was established. The theory has contributed as a base for the empirical findings. As method, a qualitative study was conducted through interviews with managers of Apple Centers in Sweden and Apple management in the US. The facts about Dell are mainly retrieved from Dell’s homepage, different articles, and from an interview with the marketing director of Dell Denmark/Sweden.
Conclusion
Our final conclusion is that Apple and Dell have managed to be successful with two different distribution strategies because they have always fulfilled the needs and expectations of their customers, creating a strong relationship with them. Indeed, they sell their product where their customers expect to find them and that is the key of a successful distribution strategy.
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Cira, Gabriel (Gabriel Blue). "Hypodensity/Hyperdensity ; or, Apple skies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61197.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2008.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-33).
Hypodensity/Hyperdensity is a reaction to the paradoxical modern urban condition of emptiness: the 'ring of drek,' left like a smear around Boston by post-industrial deflation. This area is close to both the crowded city center and the crowded suburbs but possesses a hefty inertia in a reputation of crime and ugliness. The land itself is virtually useless; most of the earth is reclaimed (unwanted fill from elsewhere), and any hopes of plant life are quashed by road/rail sprawl, ceaseless paving, and a blanketing of low-rise warehouses. In short, this area claims all the ailments of the inner city and none of its triumphs. Connecting modes of transportation allows an assembly of physical form as a paradigmatic juxtaposition. The site, currently empty and infertile, will contain an ideal urban condition of high-density living and the ideal rural construct of an orchard. These two polar opposite conditions are symbiotic in the site, creating a completely unique mode of living that is not isolated from the existing fabric of the surrounding area.
by Gabriel Cira.
S.B.
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Marais, Stephan J. S. "Sunburn control in apple fruit." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50458.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sunburn on apple and pear fruit results in large losses of export volumes in South African orchards. Producers estimate that losses due to sunburn are often about 10- 20%. Knowledge of temperature thresholds for sunburn as well as technologies available to manage sunburn is important to increase producer earnings. The effect of evaporative cooling on fruit surface temperature and sunburn was evaluated on 'Cripps' Pink', 'Royal Gala' and 'Fuji' apples as well as 'Forelle' pears. Evaporative cooling was effective in reducing fruit surface temperature by 0.6-3.7°C. Apple fruit under evaporative cooling treatments appeared to have acclimatised and had significantly higher surface temperatures when dry (0.9-4.7°C) than non-cooled fruit. This acclimitasing effect could be due to a modification of the cuticular wax layer. Futher trials are needed to investigate the cause of this acclimatising effect. The acclimatising effect was not found on 'Forelle' pears. Sunburn was reduced significantly only on 'Royal Gala' apples. Spraying 'Braeburn', 'Granny Smith', and 'Fuji' apples with reflective kaolin-based particle film (Surround WP) significantly reduced sunburn on 'Braeburn', 'Granny Smith' and 'Fuji' apple cultivars. Surround WP applications reduced leaf stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate. Four applications of Surround WP with a commercial blower sprayer increased total soluble solids in 'Braeburn' . Four applications with a blower and five applications with a tower sprayer resulted in increased fruit size, higher flesh firmness, and lower percentage starch breakdown in 'Granny Smith'. Surround WP treatments slightly improved fruit colour in 'Granny Smith' apples. Futher trials are needed to establish whether Surround WP can,be reliably and economically removed from apple fruit and to evaluate the storage quality of fruit cleansed in this way. The effect of fruit surface temperatures (24°C, 30°C, 33-35°C, 40-43°C and 48-49°C) for increasing periods of time (two, four, six or eight hours) on maximum quantum yield of fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was measured on exposed and shaded sides of detached 'Cripps' Pink' and 'Royal Gala' apples. Measurements were taken directly after removal from the chamber as well as 12 hours later to assess recovery. Permanent damage to Photo system II (PSII) occurred between 48-49°C irrespective of duration, with permanent damage possible at 42-43°C when exposure exceeded six hours. There were no meaningful differences in Fv/Fm between shaded and exposed sides of apple fruit after exposure to high temperature. Duration of exposure was important in lowering PSU efficiency in 'Cripps' Pink' but less so in 'Royal Gala'. 'Cripps' Pink' apples harvested later in the season appeared to be able to recover from heat stress better than apples harvested earlier in the season. However, we only studied the effects of high temperature on apple tissues. More research is needed to establish the reaction of apple tissues to high temperatures in the presence of sunlight.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sonbrand op appel en peervrugte kom jaarliks voor in Suid-Afrikaanse boorde en lei tot groot afnames in vrugte wat geskik is vir die uitvoermark. Produsente beraam dat verliese a.g.v. sonbrand jaarliks 10-20% beloop. Kennis van drempelwaarde temperature vir die ontwikkeling van sonbrand sowel as die tegnologieë wat beskikbaar is om sonbrand te bekamp, is van groot belang om uitpakke te verbeter. Die effek van oorhoofse besproeïng op vrugtemperature en sonbrand van 'Cripps' Pink', 'Royal Gala' en 'Fuji' appels sowel as 'Forelle' pere is ondersoek. Oorhoofse besproeïng het vrugtemperature betekenisvol verlaag in al die proewe. Dit wil voorkom of appels onder oorhoofse besproeïng geakklimatiseer het en dié appels het hoër skil temperature geopenbaar wanneer hulle droog was as die kontrole vrugte. Moontlik is die effek te wyte aan 'n verandering in die kutikulêre waslaag. Verdere proewe om hierdie verskynsel te probeer verklaar is nodig. Die effek is nie waargeneem op die 'Forelle' pere nie. Sonbrand is betekenisvol verminder op 'Royal Gala' appels. Toediening van weerkaatsende kaolin-gebaseerde partikels (Surround'" WP) het sonbrand betenisvol verlaag op 'Braeburn' , 'Granny Smith', en 'Fuji' appels. Surround® WP toedienings het blaarhuidmondjie-geleiding en die tempo van fotosintese verlaag. Vier toedienings van Surround® WP met 'n kommersiële waaierblaser het totale oplosbare vastestowwe (TOVS) beduidend verhoog in 'Braeburn' appels. Vier toedienings met 'n waaierblaser en vyf toedienings met 'n toring spuitkar het gelei tot 'n verhoging in vrugmassa en vrugferrnheid, en 'n verlaging in persentasie styselafbraak in 'Granny Smith' appels. Surround® WP toedienings het gelei tot effens beter kleur op 'Granny Smith' appels. Verdere proewe is nodig om te bepaal of Surround® WP op 'n betroubare en ekonomiese wyse van vrugte verwyder kan word in die pakstoor, en wat die hou-vermoë is van appels wat só behandel is. Die effek van vrugoppervlaktemperature (24°C, 30°C, 33-35°C, 40-43°C en 48-49°C) vir toenemende tydsdure (twee, vier, ses en agt ure) op maksimum kwantum-opbrengs van fluoressensie is gemeet op sonkante en skadukante van geplukte 'Cripps' Pink' en 'Royal Gala' appels. Metings is geneem direk na verwydering uit die oonde sowel as 12 ure later om moontlike herstel waar te neem. Permanente skade aan Fotosisteem II (PSII) het plaasgevind tussen 48-49°C ongeag tydsduur, met permanente skade ook moontlik by 42-43°C wanneer blootstelling aan genoemde temperature ses ure oorskry het. Daar was geen betekenisvolle verskille in Fv/Fm tussen skadu- en sonkante van appels na blootstelling aan hoë temperature nie. Die tydsduur van blootstelling was belangrik om PSII effektiwiteit te verlaag in 'Cripps' Pink', maar minder so in 'Royal Gala'. Dit wil voorkom of 'Cripps' Pink' appels later in die seisoen beter daartoe in staat is om te herstel van hitte stres as vroeër in die seisoen. Ons het egter slegs die effek van hoë temperature op appel weefsels ondersoek. Verdere proewe is nodig om die reaksie van appelweefsels op hoë temperature in die teenwoordigheid van sonlig te ondersoek.
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Laaksoviita, J. (Joonas). "Vakuuttava teknologia älykelloissa:case Apple Watch." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201612213324.
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Tämä kandidaatintutkielma perehtyi vakuuttavaan teknologiaan Apple Watch -älykellossa. Tutkielman ensimmäisessä osassa esiteltiin kirjallisuuskatsauksen kautta älykellojen taustaa ja tutkittava laite. Sen jälkeen luotiin katsaus vakuuttavan teknologian perusideaan ja esiteltiin Persuasive Systems Design -malli vakuuttavan teknologian sovellusten analysointiin. Toisessa osiossa suoritettiin analyysi Apple Watchin vakuuttavasta teknologiasta käyttäen PSD-mallia. Kellosta löytyi vakuuttavia ominaisuuksia aktiivisuuden kannustamiseen, käyttäjän tehtävien tuen ja vuorovaikutteisen tuen korostuessa. Pohdinnassa mietittiin älykellojen mahdollisuuksia vakuuttavina laitteina.
Tutkielman motivaationa oli älykellojen yleistyminen viime vuosina, sekä niiden henkilökohtaisuus mobiililaitteina. Tutkimusmetodina toimi kirjallisuuskatsaus yhdistettynä kirjallisuuteen perustuvaan analyysiin.
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Золотова, Світлана Григорівна, Светлана Григорьевна Золотова, Svitlana Hryhorivna Zolotova, and J. L. Sidorenko. "Apple. Computers of the future." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/22505.
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Misner, Scottie, and Carol Curtis. "Unpasteurized Apple Cider and Juice." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146436.
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1p.Revised
Certain juices and ciders are not pasteurized, and may contain harmful bacteria that can make people sick. This publication discusses the risks associated with this bacteria, and how to read labels with caution.
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Maharaj, Ramsey. "Genetic analysis of resistance to apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4347_1258010463.
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Amongst the many problems facing the apple industry, apple scab is one of the most challenging experienced by producers. This disease is caused by Venturia inaequalis, which causes lesions to develop on both the fruit and leaves. The fungus is usually controlled by extensive use of sprays, but molecular genetics have made more environmentally friendly techniques available. This study was aimed at constructing a genetic linkage map from apple, which would be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS).
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Golding, John B., of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, and Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences. "Superficial scald in apples." THESIS_FEMA_HPS_Golding_J.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/113.
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Comparative physiological and biochemical studies were conducted with apple varieties which were susceptible (Granny Smith and Lady Williams) and resistant (Crofton) to superficial scald, to understand the mechanisms of scald aetiology. This provided a basis for the development of alternatives to diphenylamine to control the disorder in cool stored apples. The research confirmed earlier research, which showed that the typical scald symptoms were the result of the deposition of brown pigments on the tonoplast in hypodermal and epidermal cells. It has been generally accepted that these pigments were formed by the action of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) following its release from chloroplasts, as a result of membrane damage caused by the oxidation products of alpha-farnesene. However, intact and functional chloroplasts were observed in severely scalded peel tissue. It was proposed that peroxidase (POD) might play a more important role in scald development. The concept that the concentration of alpha-farnesene or its products was related to the severity of scald was examined, and results indicated that differences in scald susceptability were related to the ability of apple tissue to cope with oxidative stress at low temperatures rather than the concentration of alpha-farnesene. If alpha-farnesene has a scald promoting role, it may be as a participant in a free radical chain reaction rather than an initiator. Studies were conducted on the phenolic compounds present in apple peel, which led to the proposal that phenolics might confer scald resistance by conserving other antioxidants and preventing peroxidation of membrane lipids. An holistic model of scald development was proposed, which indicated that scald results from a chilling stress since scald only occurs at temperatures below 4 degrees C and only in apples in which the capacity to protect membranes from oxidative stress is low. The model proposed that POD may have a more important role than PPO in scald development than previously thought.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Kamath, Osler C. "Physiology and control of apple scald." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040821/.
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Overton, Santford Vance. "Physiological and ultrastructural effects of sterol-inhibiting fungicides on apple leaves and the apple scab fungus." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71267.
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The effects of sterol-inhibiting fungicides (SIFs) on the free sterol and free fatty acid composition of apple leaves of Red Delicious and Jonathan cultivars were examiried over a 2 year period. Trees were treated in mornings vs evenings throughout each season and samples collected after 24 and 72 hours after each treatment. Generally, SIFs appeared to have an effect on the free sterol content of apple leaves after 24 hours, but the concentrations of free sterol returned to normal after 72 hours in the leaves of both cultivars. Morning versus evening application had little or no influence on leaf free sterol concentrations. There were increases in unsaturated and total fatty acid concentrations in Red Delicious leaves 24 hours following applications with the SIF, etaconazole, and the non-sterol-inhibiting fungicide (NSIF), metiram, early in the season. There were also increased concentrations of linoleic, linolenic and total free fatty acids in fenarimol and triadimefon-treated Jonathan leaves 72 hours after treatment. Early in the season, the SIF, fenarimol, caused an increase in linolenic acid in both Red Delicious and Jonathan leaves 72 hours after either morning or evening applications. Generally, both the Red Delicious and Jonathan leaves exhibited a decrease in saturated fatty acids following morning application whereas, an increase in saturation following evening application. Although SIFs may have had an effect primarily on the unsaturated fatty acids, particularly linolenic acid, early in the season, particularly linolenic acid, the fatty acid composition of the leaves appeared to return to normal later in the season.
Ultrastructural observations were made of Red Delicious leaves 12, 24 and 72 hours after treatment with the SIF, bitertanol. Twelve hours after treatment thylakoids of chloroplasts appeared swollen and irregular resulting in loss of integrity of the organelles. However, after 24 and 72 hours, thylakoids of chloroplasts of treated leaves were similar to the controls. Infection of bitertanol-treated Red Delicious leaves by Spilocaea pomi was also examined at the fine structural level. Nuclear envelopes were not well defined and mitochondrial matrices appeared washed-out after 12 and 72 hours post treatment. There was dissolution of normally plate-like cristae of mitochondria, accompanied by the accumulation of minute electron dense bodies around their periphery. Invaginations and proliferations of the plasmalemma were observed as well as increased vacuolization of the cell. Further electron microscopic observations were made of the in vitro conidial state of Venturia inaequalis following the application of fenarimol. Conidia treated 2 hours with the fungicide for had necrotic areas throughout the cytoplasm. The plasmalemma was not well defined, and appeared to be degrading. Increased vacuolization was observed as were numerous lipid bodies and multivesicular complexes (MVCs) which contained vesicles of varying electron densities. Structural integrity of the organelles was such that they were difficult to discern. After 12 hours, the entire fungal cell was necrotic accompanied by the degradation of the cell wall. Detection of a selected number of SIFs in apple leaf tissue using bioassay procedures were also evaluated. It was found that the leaf disk and leaf extract bioassays examined in this study were ineffective in determining the presence of SIFs in apple leaves.Ph. D.
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Lordan, Sanahuja Jaume. "Enhancing biological control in apple orchards." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/275941.
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La tisoreta comuna Forficula auricularia Linnaeus i Forficula pubescens Gené (Dermaptera : Forficulidae ) poden tenir un paper decisiu com a depredadors. Es va observar compatibilitat entre la tisoreta i nematodes entomopatògens (NEPs) i una activitat dissuassòria en larves de carpocapsa Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) mortes per NEPs, reduint l’alimentació de la tisoreta sobre cadàvers que contenien nematodes al seu interior. La presència de tisoretes i aranyes (Araneae) es va observar all llarg de tot l’any, però tan sols les tisoretes van contribuir a reduir les infestacions de pugó llanut. Les re-infestacions procedents de colònies subterrànies no resulten ser rellevants en les regions mediterrànies. D’aquesta manera, el control d'aquest pugó cal que estigui dirigit tant cap a les colònies aèries com a les arrels.
L'ús d’infraestructures ecològiques pot augmentar el control biològic de plagues, proporcionant un entorn més favorable i aliments i refugis alternatius als enemics naturals. Anacyclus clavatus Desf., Dorycnium pentaphyllium Scop., Erucastrum nasturtiifolium Poiret, Euphorbia serrata L., Hedysarum confertum Desf., Papaver rhoeas L., Trifolium pratense L. a la primavera, i Atriplex sp., Dittrichia viscosa L., Medicago sativa L., Moricandia arvensis L., Salsola kali L., Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Suaeda spicata Willd. i Verbena sp. a la tardor poden proporcionar refugi i aliment a les aranyes. Viburnum tinus L., Euonymous japonicus L. fil. i Pistacia lentiscus L. van mostrar resultats prometedors per a augmentar la riquesa i abundància d'enemics naturals.La tijereta común Forficula auricularia Linnaeus y Forficula pubescens Gené (Dermaptera : Forficulidae ) pueden tener un papel decisivo como depredadores. Se observó compatibilidad entre la tijereta y nematodos entomopatógenos (NEPs) y una actividad disuasoria en larvas de carpocapsa Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) muertas por NEPs, reduciendo la alimentación de la tijereta sobre cadáveres que contenían nematodos en su interior. La presencia de tijeretas y arañas (Araneae) se observó durante todo el año, pero sólo las tijeretas contribuyeron a reducir las infestaciones de pulgón lanígero. Las re-infestaciones procedentes de colonias subterráneas no resultan ser relevantes en las regiones mediterráneas. El control de este pulgón debe dirigirse tanto hacia las colonias aéreas como a las subterráneas. El uso de infraestructuras ecológicas puede aumentar el control biológico de plagas, proporcionando un entorno más favorable y alimentos y refugios alternativos a los enemigos naturales. Anacyclus clavatus Desf., Dorycnium pentaphyllium Scop., Erucastrum nasturtiifolium Poiret, Euphorbia serrata L., Hedysarum confertum Desf., Papaver rhoeas L., Trifolium pratense L. en primavera, y Atriplex sp., Dittrichia viscosa L., Medicago sativa L., Moricandia arvensis L., Salsola kali L., Sorghum halepense ( L. ) Pers., Suaeda spicata Willd. y Verbena sp. en otoño pueden proporcionar refugio y alimento a las arañas. Viburnum tinus L., Euonymous japonicus L. fil. y Pistacia lentiscus L. mostraron resultados prometedores para aumentar la riqueza y abundancia de enemigos naturales.
The European earwig Forficula auricularia Linnaeus and Forficula pubescens Gené (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) may play a crucial role as biocontrol predators. Compatibility between European earwig and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) and an earwig deterrent activity in EPN-killed codling moth Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) larvae that reduces the foraging of European earwig on insect cadavers containing nematodes was also observed, suggesting compatibility between the European earwig and EPNs was observed. European earwigs and spiders (Araneae) were found throughout the year, but only earwigs contributed to reduce woolly apple aphid infestations. Reinfestations from root colonies are not relevant in Mediterranean areas. The use of ecological infrastructures may increase the biological control of pests, providing a more favorable environment and additional food and shelters for natural enemies. Anacyclus clavatus Desf., Dorycnium pentaphyllium Scop., Erucastrum nasturtiifolium Poiret, Euphorbia serrata L., Hedysarum confertum Desf., Papaver rhoeas L., Trifolium pratense L. in spring, and Atriplex sp., Dittrichia viscosa L., Medicago sativa L., Moricandia arvensis L., Salsola kali L., Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Suaeda spicata Willd. and Verbena sp. in fall were observed as native flora useful to provide shelter and food for spiders. Viburnum tinus L., Euonymous japonicus L. fil. and Pistacia lentiscus L. showed promising results in order to enhance abundance and richness of natural enemies.
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Middleton, Simon Guy. "Apple orchard light interception and productivity." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46448.
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Nosarzewski, Marta. "SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE EXPRESSION IN APPLE FRUIT." UKnowledge, 2007. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/485.
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Sorbitol, the primary photosynthate and translocated carbohydrate in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.), is converted to fructose by SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE (SDH; EC 1.1.1.14) which is active in apple fruit throughout fruit development. Apple fruit set and early development is very sensitive to carbohydrate availability, but details on carbohydrate metabolism during this phase are limited. The first objective of this work was to determine if SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE, the primary enzyme responsible for metabolism of the major phloem-transported carbohydrate sorbitol, is present and active during apple fruit set and early development. The second objective of this work was to determine if SDH genes are differentially expressed and how their patterns of expression may relate to SDH activity in apple seed and cortex during early fruit development. Nine different genes encoding SDH were determined from analysis of a cDNA library and genomic-clones. Northern, Western and ELISA analyses showed that SDH transcripts and SDH protein were present in the fruit during the first 5 weeks after bloom and comprised 7 to 8 % of the total extractable protein. Whole fruit SDH activity was highest at 2 to 3 weeks after bloom in each of three cultivars, Lodi, Redchief Delicious and Fuji. Seed SDH activity was found to be much higher than cortex SDH activity per mg and g FW, and seed SDH activity contributed significantly to whole fruit SDH activity during the first five weeks of development after bloom. Five of the nine SDH genes present in apple genome were expressed in apple fruit (SDH1, SDH2, SDH3, SDH6, SDH9). Expression of SDH6 and SDH9 was seed-specific and expression of SDH2 was cortex-specific. Using 2D SDS-PAGE and Western analyses, SDH isomers with pI values 4.2, 4.8, 5.5 and 6.3 were found in seeds, and SDH isomers with pI values 5.5, 6.3, 7.3 and 8.3 were found in cortex. The present work is the first to show that SDH is differentially expressed and highly active in seed and cortex during early development. Thus, SDH during apple fruit set and early development may play a primary role in defining fruit sink activity.
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Moody, Kevin L. "Moessbauer spectroscopy on the Apple computer." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/543988.
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Software for Moessbauer spectroscopy has been developed for use on the Apple computer. This software is capable of collecting and fitting Moessbauer data when the Apple computer is interfaced with the ND2200 series multichannel analyzer. The software was tested in a study of the feasibility of using Moessbauer spectroscopy to study glass. Results indicate that iron in brown commercial glass and the volcanic glasses behaves similarly. This study concludes that Moessbauer spectroscopy is a promising method for the study of natural and archeological glasses and quality control in the manufacture of commercial glass.Department of Physics and Astronomy
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Ondrůj, Daniel. "Tutoriál tvorby aplikací pro Apple iPhone." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-237249.
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The purpose of this thesis is to create a tutorial that could help developers interested in creating new applications for Apple iPhone to pass their initial unfamiliarity with the phone, its development environment, the programming language and the use of other components of the phone. The tutorial should be helpful for readers who have at least basic knowledge of the application development. There are also some useful links for readers who have no previous knowledge of programs' development. These materials describe some basic features and then clarify the common issues in more depth. Not only does this tutorial describe the phone's features and development tools, it also explains development procedures of concrete application. The phone has been introduced with a lot of new features such as accelerometer, large touch screen, etc. Therefore the application is trying to take advantage of most of these characteristics. The motive of this application stems from the old Russian game Tetris. This document describes only the functional and graphical design, concrete implementation and the source code are included in attachments.
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Ardiles, Reyes Rocío del Pilar, Claros Fernando Manuel Jesús Casanova, and Porras José Felipe Castillo. "Plan estratégico 2016-2018 Apple Inc." Master's thesis, Universidad del Pacífico, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11354/2715.
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La elaboración del plan estratégico 2016-2018 tiene como objetivo determinar estrategias que permitan aprovechar las oportunidades del mercado y que mantengan el liderazgo que la compañía Apple Inc. tiene en la industria. Esto se logrará a través del incremento en ventas de los productos ya existentes, con funcionalidades mejoradas; así como con el lanzamiento de un nuevo producto que revolucione el mercado.
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Aguirre, Alvarado Josué Arturo, and Aduvire Gissela Janet Carlos. "Apple INC. plan estratégico 2011-2015." Master's thesis, Universidad del Pacífico, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11354/2078.
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El presente trabajo describe, analiza y propone una solución para el caso de la empresa Apple Inc. mediante un planeamiento estratégico, donde se identifica su ventaja competitiva de diferenciación, la cual buscamos ampliarla para mejorar su posición competitiva y aprovechar las oportunidades del mercado con estrategias rentables. Analizando la misión, visión y valores planteamos modificaciones que permiten proponer objetivos corporativos desafiantes que se conseguirán mediante la ejecución de diversas estrategias que se evalúan para mejorar su crecimiento. En el corto plazo en base a una estrategia de marca global apoyada en una expansión de la cobertura de las tiendas retail propias Apple Store; en el mediano plazo planteamos la selección de un proveedor de outsourcing de producción en Brasil que permitirá mejorar la respuesta al mercado de Latinoamérica y EEUU donde se prevé un importante crecimiento en el futuro, además permitirá que la fábrica en China atienda los mercados de Europa y genere mayor crecimiento en Asia, de esta manera se conseguiría reforzar la competitividad de la empresa; además se plantea seguir con la estrategia de innovación en sus productos actuales y nuevos (iTV y iPlay) que reforzaran su crecimiento y lo harán sostenible en el tiempo. Las estrategias empleadas se despliegan en planes funcionales de recursos humanos, responsabilidad social empresarial, operaciones, marketing y finanzas, los cuales se incluyeron en la evaluación financiera considerando un análisis de sensibilidad ante posibles variaciones de tasas de descuento y resultados esperados.
Nuestro enfoque de redacción ha sido mostrar con cuadros y textos breves la mayor cantidad de información, además utilizar herramientas innovadoras de análisis, con la intención de hacer más certera y didáctica la presentación de nuestras propuestas. Esperamos haber logrado este objetivo.
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Bilbrey, Emma A. "Seeding Multi-omic Improvement of Apple." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1594907111820227.
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