Academic literature on the topic 'Apple drying'
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Journal articles on the topic "Apple drying"
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Sjöholm, I., and V. Gekas. "Apple shrinkage upon drying." Journal of Food Engineering 25, no. 1 (January 1995): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0260-8774(94)00001-p.
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Wu, Yali, and Dongguang Zhang. "Pulsed electric field enhanced freeze-drying of apple tissue." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 37, No. 6 (December 31, 2019): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/230/2018-cjfs.
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The influence of pulsed electric field (PEF) on freeze-drying of apple tissue was investigated. The freeze-drying was performed with different parameters of PEF treatment, and PEF treatment on the drying characters, microstructure, rehydration ratio, effective diffusion coefficient and hardness of apple tissue were discussed separately. The results indicated that PEF utilization as a pretreatment of apples enhances the drying process. The drying time was shortened by 17.73% at most, specific energy consumption decreased by 24.74% at most, and the rehydration ratio was improved by 65.22% at most for PEF treatment samples respectively, compared with the untreated samples. The effective diffusion coefficients varied from 2.60 × 10−8 m2/s to 4.20 × 10−8 m2/s for PEF pretreated samples, and was 2.40 × 10−8 m2/s for untreated samples drying at 75°C, the hardness of the untreated apple tissue was about 144.4 N which was decreased to 39.5–115.0 N after PEF treatment.
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Ramaswamy, H. S., K. V. Lo, and M. S. Bains. "Tray Drying of Apple Puree." Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal 21, no. 4 (October 1988): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0315-5463(88)70948-7.
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Nowak, Dorota, and Piotr P. Lewicki. "Infrared drying of apple slices." Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 5, no. 3 (September 2004): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2004.03.003.
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Krokida, M. K., C. T. Kiranoudis, Z. B. Maroulis, and D. Marinos-Kouris. "DRYING RELATED PROPERTIES OF APPLE." Drying Technology 18, no. 6 (July 2000): 1251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373930008917775.
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Bains, M. S., H. S. Ramaswamy, and K. V. Lo. "Tray drying of apple puree." Journal of Food Engineering 9, no. 3 (January 1989): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0260-8774(89)90040-x.
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Kalashnikov, G. V., and E. V. Litvinov. "Prospects of improving technologies for apple raw materials processing." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 84, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2022-1-86-92.
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A resource-saving technology for processing apples, including the main production of finished dried products in the form of dried apples, apple chips, apple semi-finished products and additional production based on secondary raw materials recovery from the main production, were proposed in the work. The possibility of using of secondary raw materials from the apples industrial processing to obtain natural products that allows to make the main manufacture of dried apple products as efficient as possible was studied by the authors. The main directions of apples and secondary apple raw materials processing were considered in the work. The technological scheme of the line for apples and their wastes processing based on dehydration and moisture-thermal processing of components, taking into account the specifics of the production of dried fruits, chips and their semi-finished products, was proposed in the course of this study. The main production line for the manufacture of dried apples, apple chips and apple semi-finished products was designed. The resource-saving technological scheme of the dried apple and apple chips production line includes a washing machine, an inspection conveyor, a calibrator, a machine for seeds removing and a device for cutting fruits into chips, a sulfitator, a combined continuous toroidal apparatus for wet-heat treatment, divided into sections for raw materials heating, convective drying , preliminary hydrothermal treatment between sections of microwave drying and dried product cooling and a filling and packaging machine. Taking into account the type of raw materials, a set of equipment from a drum machine with a washing unit and a multifunctional plant with raw materials crushing and seeds separation was provided in the line. The recirculation circuit, the feedstock heating, the steam and condensate used after drying in a closed circuit were used to create an energy-saving technology for the finished product manufacturing. The line consists of modular blocks and is reconfigured depending on the type of dried apples or apple chips obtained based on the developed resource-saving scheme and combined convective microwave drying of raw materials.
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Akpinar, E. K., A. Midilli, and Y. Bicer. "Thermodynamic analysis of the apple drying process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 219, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440805x6991.
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This paper is concerned with thermodynamic analysis of the process of single-layer drying of apple slices by means of a cyclone-type dryer. Using the first law of thermodynamics, energy analysis was performed to estimate the ratios of energy utilization throughout the drying process. Exergy analysis was carried out to determine exergy losses during the drying process by applying the second law of thermodynamics. It was concluded that the exergy losses increased with increasing energy utilization in both trays and the drying chamber. Values of the energy utilization ratio (EUR) of the drying chamber varied in the range 0−41.64 per cent depending on the drying conditions. The most exergy losses took place on the first tray (EUR = 0−21.06 per cent) during the drying of apple slices. It is emphasized that apple slices are sufficiently dried in the range 60−80°C with 20−10 per cent relative humidity and a drying air velocity of 1.5 m/s over a 3.33−5.33 h period in spite of exergy losses of 0−1.243 kj/s (EUR = 0−34.72 per cent).
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Ozgen, Filiz. "Comparing the drying characteristics of apple and kiwi fruits." Thermal Science 25, Spec. issue 2 (2021): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci21s2327o.
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In this study, the effects of drying air velocity on the organic apple and kiwi fruits that were sliced in same sizes were experimentally examined in a convective type dryer. In order to examine the effect of drying air velocity to drying process, drying air at 45?C and 10% relative humidity was applied to kiwi and apple fruit samples sliced in 4 mm thickness at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m/s drying air velocities. It was observed from the experimental results that drying air velocity has a significant effect on the total drying time. The drying time of apple and kiwi slices under these conditions varied between 150-360 minutes. The lowest drying time (150 minutes) was obtained at 1.5 m/s for the apple sample with 4 mm slice thickness, and the highest drying time (360 minutes) was obtained at 0.5 m/s for the 4 mm thick kiwi sample. Freshly collected products were successfully dried in a convective dryer at different velocities.
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Sun, J., X. Hu, G. Zhao, J. Wu, Z. Wang, F. Chen, and X. Liao. "Characteristics of Thin-Layer Infrared Drying of Apple Pomace With and Without Hot Air Pre-drying." Food Science and Technology International 13, no. 2 (April 2007): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013207078525.
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Thin-layer infrared drying characteristics of apple pomace, with and without hot air pre-drying, were studied with a laboratory scale infrared dryer. Moreover, ten commonly used mathematical models were used to fit experimental data. Logarithmic model and Page model were most adequate in describing thin-layer drying of fresh and pre-treated apple pomace respectively. The values of average effective diffusivity in drying the pre-treated apple pomace were about 1.3 times of that in the fresh apple pomace with the initial moisture content of 40% (wet basis).The values of activation energy of moisture diffusion were about 30 kJ/mol for the fresh and pre-treated apple pomace respectively. Infrared drying, combined with hot air pre-drying, can save 20% of drying time to remove the same amount of remained moisture as compared to the infrared drying alone. The above findings might be used for operation of drying apple pomace.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Apple drying"
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Li, Heping. "Microwave assisted osmotic dehydration of apple cylinders under continuous medium flow conditions for improving moisture transfer rate and product quality." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85933.
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Microwave assisted osmotic dehydration (MWOD) under continuous medium flow conditions is a new process with good potential for quality optimization. It combines microwave process with osmotic dehydration and improves the mass transfer rate of osmotic dehydration process and product quality. The thesis describes the design and development of this process.Preliminary studies on osmotic dehydration were carried out in two parts. First, the effects of processing time, temperature and solution concentration on mass transfer under conventional osmotic dehydration process were investigated and suitable ranges of parameters: 40-60°C, 40-60°Brix and 3h, for further osmotic dehydration kinetics study were identified. Then, the osmotic dehydration efficiency under continuous flow condition process was evaluated. For this, a continuous flow osmotic contactor was developed and found to be an efficient process in terms of osmotic dehydration of apple cylinders. Solids diffusivity (Ds) was lower in continuous flow osmotic dehydration process compared with conventional osmotic dehydration correspondents (P<0.05). Being a separate operation unit, the dehydration process and solution management can be done in a more efficient way in this process.
Following the preliminary studies, the osmotic contactor was relocated under a microwave oven so that heating and mass transfer operations could be facilitated by continuous microwave treatment providing a microwave assisted osmotic dehydration (MWOD) process. Compared with conventional osmotic dehydration (COD), moisture loss (ML%), solids gain (SG%) and mass transport coefficients (km and ks) of MWOD were improved, the average k m was increased 80% and the average ks was decreased 20%, respectively. Moreover, product rehydration property and color profile were improved. Microwave heating had an important effect on water transfer during the osmotic dehydration. Application of microwave heating to osmotic dehydration process facilitated in increasing moisture loss from the sample and simultaneously restricted the product's solute gain. Higher moisture loss in mass transfers area helped to control and strongly counters the solids gain.
Modeling of the mass transfer phenomenon is necessary to optimize osmotic dehydration processes to have a high product quality at minimum energy costs. To explain the simultaneous mass-flow in an osmo-dehydration process, evaluation of equilibrium kinetics is important. Pseudo-equilibrium (practical equilibrium) and dynamic period data are necessary for estimating the time of osmotic process, and ultimate mass transport of the solutes and water, and hence these data were gathered.
The effect of osmotic dehydration treatment on sample subsequent air drying behavior and product quality parameters were investigated. Compared with control samples, osmostically treated samples moisture diffusivity during subsequent air drying process was reduced over same moisture content range: from 1.18*10-9m2/s to 0.77*10-9--1.07*10 -9 m2/s. Drying rates of MWOD pretreated samples varied depending on treatment conditions. MWOD pretreatment shifted product's color profile to those that can be achieved under freeze drying conditions.
Sorption isotherms induced by osmotic dehydration were studied, using a gravimetric-static method, and fitted to GAB model. Adsorption isotherms of products were affected by drying method and osmotic dehydration pretreatment conditions. Adsorption isotherms of osmo-air dried apple cylinders followed type II isotherms (Sigma shaped curve). Monolayer (Mm) values of the osmo-air dried products were reduced. Sorption isotherms of osmotically treated-air dried products were shifted from the control isotherms.
Overall, this work has demonstrated potential of microwave heating for improving moisture transfer during osmotic dehydration and microwave osmotic treatment on subsequent air drying and resulting product quality, as well as the importance of equilibrium kinetics study in process modeling.
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Adonis, M., and M. T. E. Kahn. "Evaluation of a hybrid dryer for the production of apple chips." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 7, Issue 2: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/528.
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Published ArticleThe paper highlights the design, development and evaluation of a hybrid convective-far-infrared (FIR) dehydrator for the purpose of drying fruit. The methodology followed is based on an experimental and practical approach. The application of the dryer for this study is aimed at the production of apple chips as well as other types of fruit chips and the more common dried fruit. The fruit dryer proposed uses both infrared energy and convective heating to effectively and efficiently dehydrate apple slices to produce dried apple chips. The apple chips are produced in very short time frames and accomplished by using relatively low heater power. These types of apple chip snacks also contribute to the more healthy variety of snacks available on the market.
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Pereira, Ana Lucia Fernandes. "Production and spray drying of probiotic beverage made from the fermentation of cashew apple juice." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9268.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoThe objective of this study was to develop a probiotic cashew apple juice ready to drink and in the dehydrated form through spray drying. The first stage of the study was the optimization of Lactobacillus casei NRRL B-442 cultivation in cashew apple juice, to optimize the proper inoculum amount and the fermentation time. The optimum conditions for probiotic cashew apple juice production were: initial pH 6.4, fermentation temperature of 30ÂC, inoculation level of 7.48 log CFU/mL (L. casei) and 16 h of fermentation process. Cashew apple juice showed to be as efficient as dairy products for L. casei growth. In a second stage, the stability of probiotic cashew apple juice stored for 42 days at 4ÂC was evaluated. Analyses were conducted in the non fermented cashew apple juice (control), and in the fermented juices with L. casei NRRL B-442, with 8% (w/v) of sucrose (sugar table), after fermentation, and without the addition of sugar. The viability of the probiotic bacteria, sugars and organic acids content, color, antioxidant and enzymatic activity, and sensory characteristics were evaluated during the storage. Viable cell counts increased in the probiotic cashew apple containing sucrose along the storage period. Moreover, the fermentation lead to the preservation of the ascorbic acid content, which had a less intense reduction in the fermented cashew apple juices compared to the non fermented sample. The antioxidant activity and total polyphenolic compounds of cashew apple juice had a similar trend. Browning reactions and nutritional breakdown caused by enzymes were minimized in the fermented samples during storage. In these samples, a higher reduction of the enzymatic activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activity was observed. During the storage, the increase in the chroma values indicated that yellowness was reinforced, being well accepted by consumers. The sensory attributes (aroma, flavor, acidity and color) of probiotic cashew apple juice were positively influenced by storage under refrigeration for 42 days. In the third stage of the research, the effects of dehydration by spray drying in cashew apple juice containing L. casei NRRL B-442 was assessed and the influence of storage temperature on the viability of L. casei NRRL B-442 and physical properties of the powder were evaluated during 35 days of storage. The drying agents used were: 20% (w/v) maltodextrin or 10% (w/v) maltodextrin + 10% (w/v) arabic gum. The powder of probiotic cashew apple juice showed satisfactory levels of L. casei survival, during drying. During storage, the addition of 10% (w/v) maltodextrin + 10% (w/v) arabic gum kept microbial viability within satisfactory levels when the powder was subjected to cooling at 4ÂC. However, greater differences in the reconstituted powder color and higher rehydration time were obtained in this condition. On the other hand, the addition of 20% (w/v) maltodextrin provided better yield. In conclusion, cashew apple juice is a good substrate for the probiotic beverage production, and the condition of drying agents 10% maltodextrin + 10% arabic gum is adequate to maintain satisfactory levels of L. casei NRRL B-442 survival for 35 days, in the powder of probiotic cashew juice stored at 4ÂC.
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi elaborar um produto probiÃtico à base de suco de caju pronto para beber, como tambÃm, na forma desidratada obtida pela secagem por aspersÃo (spray drying). A primeira etapa da pesquisa consistiu em otimizar as condiÃÃes de crescimento do Lactobacillus casei NRRL B-442 em suco de caju, a quantidade adequada de inÃculo e o tempo de fermentaÃÃo. As condiÃÃes Ãtimas para produÃÃo do suco de caju probiÃtico foram: pH inicial de 6,4, temperatura de fermentaÃÃo de 30ÂC, quantidade de inÃculo de 7,48 log UFC/mL (L. casei) e 16 h de fermentaÃÃo. O suco de caju mostrou ser tÃo eficiente quanto os produtos lÃcteos para o crescimento de L. casei. Em uma segunda etapa, foi avaliada a estabilidade da bebida probiÃtica de caju estocada por 42 dias a 4ÂC. Foram realizadas anÃlises no suco de caju nÃo fermentado (controle) e nos sucos fermentados com L. casei NRRL B-442, adicionado ou nÃo de 8% (p/v) de sacarose depois da fermentaÃÃo. Durante a estocagem, foram realizadas as determinaÃÃes de viabilidade de L. casei NRRL B-442, conteÃdo de aÃÃcares e Ãcidos orgÃnicos, cor, atividade antioxidante e enzimÃtica e aceitaÃÃo sensorial. Foi observado que o nÃmero de cÃlulas viÃveis aumentou no suco de caju contendo sacarose ao longo da estocagem. AlÃm disso, a fermentaÃÃo proporcionou um efeito conservante no conteÃdo de Ãcido ascÃrbico que teve uma reduÃÃo menos intensa, com a estocagem, nos sucos fermentados, quando comparados com o controle. A atividade antioxidante e o conteÃdo de polifenÃis apresentaram similar tendÃncia. ReaÃÃes que reduzem o valor nutricional causadas por enzimas foram minimizadas nas amostras fermentadas durante a estocagem. Nessas amostras foi observada maior reduÃÃo da atividade enzimÃtica da polifenoloxidase e peroxidase. Durante a estocagem, o aumento do croma indicou que a cor amarela foi intensificada, sendo bem aceita pelos consumidores. Os atributos sensoriais (aroma, sabor, acidez e cor) do suco de caju probiÃtico foram positivamente influenciados pela estocagem sob refrigeraÃÃo por 42 dias. Na terceira etapa da pesquisa, foi avaliado o efeito da desidrataÃÃo por spray drying no suco de caju contendo L. casei NRRL B-442, alÃm de avaliar a influÃncia da temperatura de estocagem sobre a viabilidade de L. casei e nas propriedades fÃsicas do pÃ, durante 35 dias de estocagem. Os agentes de secagem usados foram: 20% (p/v) de maltodextrina ou 10% (p/v) de maltodextrina + 10% (p/v) de goma arÃbica. O suco de caju probiÃtico desidratado por spray drying apresentou nÃveis satisfatÃrios de sobrevivÃncia de L. casei NRRL B-442, durante a secagem. Durante a estocagem, a adiÃÃo de 10% (p/v) de maltodextrina + 10% (p/v) de goma arÃbica manteve a viabilidade microbiana dentro de nÃveis satisfatÃrios quando o pà foi submetido à refrigeraÃÃo a 4ÂC. Entretanto, maiores diferenÃas na coloraÃÃo do pà reconstituÃdo e maior tempo de reidrataÃÃo foram obtidos nesta condiÃÃo. Jà a adiÃÃo de 20% (p/v) de maltodextrina proporcionou melhor rendimento. Em conclusÃo, o suco de caju pode ser utilizado como substrato para o desenvolvimento de bebida probiÃtica, e a condiÃÃo dos agentes de secagem de 10% de maltodextrina + 10% de goma arÃbica mostra-se adequada para manter os nÃveis satisfatÃrios de L. casei NRRL B-442 por atà 35 dias, no suco de caju probiÃtico desidratado estocado a 4ÂC.
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Almeida, Patricia da Silva. "InfluÃncia do tratamento ultrassÃnico na desidrataÃÃo convectiva de maÃÃ fuji." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7230.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoO trabalho objetivou o estudo dos efeitos do ultrassom, como prÃ-tratamento na secagem convectiva de maÃÃ Fuji, sobre a perda de Ãgua, perda de sÃlidos, difusividade efetiva da Ãgua, tempo de secagem, cor e atividade enzimÃtica de polifenoloxidase e peroxidase. A partir dos resultados obtidos, determinou-se a melhor condiÃÃo para substituiÃÃo dos aÃÃcares naturais da fruta por estÃvia (aÃÃcar nÃo calÃrico). Observou-se perda de Ãgua, perda de sÃlidos, aumento de 85% da difusividade efetiva da Ãgua, reduÃÃo de 45% no tempo de secagem, reduÃÃo de 39% das alteraÃÃes de cor e reduÃÃo da atividade enzimÃtica de polifenoloxidase e peroxidase da maÃÃ Fuji. Estabeleceu-se como melhor condiÃÃo para substituiÃÃo de aÃÃcares naturais por estÃvia aquela onde a fruta foi sonificada por 20 minutos na proporÃÃo entre Ãgua e fruta de 6:1 (p/p). O uso de estÃvia como aÃÃcar nÃo calÃrico substituto dos aÃucares naturais da maÃÃ Fuji, aliado ao processo de sonificaÃÃo, gerou um produto com valor energÃtico final 12% menor do que a fruta in natura, com tempo de recuperaÃÃo da doÃura inicial da fruta estimado em 13 segundos de sonificaÃÃo em soluÃÃo de estÃvia 10%. Dessa forma, a sonificaÃÃo figura como alternativa tecnolÃgica para a obtenÃÃo de maÃÃ Fuji desidratada, com tempo de secagem reduzido, baixo valor energÃtico, baixa alteraÃÃo de cor e menor atividade enzimÃtica de polifenoloxidase e peroxidase.
The work aimed to study the effects of ultrasound as a pretreatment on convective drying of Fuji apple, about the loss of water, loss of solid, effective diffusivity of water, drying time, color and enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. From the results obtained, it was determined the best condition for replacement of the natural sugars of the fruit by stevia (no-calorie sugar). There was loss of water, solids loss, 85% increase of the effective diffusivity of water, 45% reduction in drying time, a 39% reduction of the color changes and reduction in enzymatic activity of peroxidase and apple PPO Fuji . Set up as best condition for replacement of natural sugars stevia by one where the fruit was sonicated for 20 minutes in water and fruit ratio of 6:1 (w / w). The use of stevia as a non-caloric sugar substitute for the natural sugars of Fuji apple, along with the sonication process, generated a product with the final energy value 12% lower than the fresh fruit, with a recovery time of the initial sweetness of the fruit estimated 13 second sonication in a solution of 10% stevia. Thus, the sonication figure as an alternative technology for obtaining dried Fuji apple with reduced drying time, low energy, low color shift and reduced enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase.
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Biasio, Irene. "Study of polyphenols content and antioxidant activity of apple samples osmo-dehydrated with sucrose and fruit based solutions." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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La disidratazione osmotica è una tecnica che permette la riduzione del contenuto d’acqua di un alimento mediante l’immersione dello stesso in una soluzione ad alta pressione osmotica. La differenza in pressione osmotica genera due flussi opposti tra l’alimento e la soluzione osmotica portando a perdita di acqua e contemporaneo arricchimento dell’alimento immerso. Inoltre, utilizzando soluzioni osmotiche con succhi concentrati a base di frutta è possibile migliorare le caratteristiche organolettiche e la composizione del prodotto finale. Infatti, oggigiorno i trend mostrano sempre di più un interesse dei consumatori nei confronti di alimenti funzionali o arricchiti. Tra i composti più noti per la loro attività antiossidante, i polifenoli sono un gruppo eterogeneo di composti che si possono trovare naturalmente in svariati frutti e che mostrano un’elevata capacità antiossidante nei confronti di specie reattive (ROS, RNS). Frutti come il mirtillo (Vaccinium myrtillus) e l’aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) sono particolarmente ricchi in polifenoli, in particolare in antocianine. L’applicazione di un trattamento di disidratazione osmotica precedente all'essiccamento ha dimostrato essere un’ottima tecnica per ottenere un prodotto finale disidratato ed arricchito. Mediante la disidratazione osmotica è possibile ottenere un a importante riduzione del contenuto iniziale d'acqua dell’alimento, riducendo anche i successivi tempi e costi di essiccamento. Lo zucchero presente nelle soluzioni osmotiche protegge l’alimento da modificazioni ,come l’imbrunimento, mantenendo il colore brillante. Inoltre, l’utilizzo di soluzioni osmotiche a base di aronia e mirtillo ha mostrato un aumento della quantità totale di polifenoli e, di conseguenza anche dell’attività antiossidante, che si sono mantenuti tali anche dopo l’essiccamento.
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GALVÃO, Israel Buriti. "Estudo teórico-experimental de secagens contínua e intermitente de pedaços de maçã cortados na forma de paralelepípedo." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2017. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1521.
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo da secagem cont ínua e intermitente de pedaços de maçã fresca e pré-tratada osmoticamente, cortados na forma de paralelepípedo, utilizando modelos empíricos e difusivos na descrição da cinética desses processos. Para o modelo de difusão, foram pressupostos parâmetros termosfísicos e dimensões variáveis. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, detalhamento dos materiais e métodos utilizados, a validação e testes do solver em FORTRAN tridimensional desenvolvido através do método dos volumes finitos, com uma formulação totalmente implícita. Foram feitos experimentos utilizando uma incubadora refrigerada com agitação para a realização da desidratação osmótica a fim de preparar as amostras para as secagens subseqüentes. As secagens foram realizadas em uma estufa com circulação de ar nas temperaturas de 50 e 70 °C, para secagens contínuas e intermitentes das maçãs (com razão de intermitência de 2/3 e períodos de têmpera de 30 min; 60 min; e 120 min com os frutos frescos, e têmperas de 20 min e 30 min para os frutos pré-tratados osmoticamente). Os resultados das cinéticas das secagens, estimativas de parâmetros relativos às frutas estudadas, mostraram-se compatíveis com a literatura. A temperaturas e os perí odos de têmpera utilizados influenciaram significativamente as cinéticas de teor de umidade, assim como os valores dos parâmetros de processo, determinados por otimização para todas as configurações experimentadas. Este trabalho também trata sobre o impacto da secagem intermitente sobre a economia de energia.
The present work had as objective to make a study of the continuous and intermittent drying of fresh and osmotically pre-treated of apple pieces cut in form of parallelepiped, using both empirical and diffusive models to description of the kinetics of the processes. For the diffusion model, thermo-physical parameters and variable dimensions were assumed. A bibliographic review was done on the subject, details of the materials and methods used, the validation and testing of the in three-dimensional FORTRAN solver developed using the finite volume method, with a fully implicit formulation. Experiments were done using a freezer shaker incubator for the osmotic dehydration in order to prepare the samples for subsequent drying. The drying was realized in an oven with air circulation at temperatures of 50 and 70 ° C, for continuous and intermittent drying of the apples (with intermittent ratio of 2/3 and tempering periods of 30 min, 60 min and 120 min for the fresh fruits, and tempers of 20 min and 30 min for osmotically pretreated fruits). The results of drying kinetics, estimates of parameters related to the fruits studied, were compatible with the literature. At the temperatures and the tempering periods used, they significantly influenced the kinetics of the moisture content, as well as the values of the process parameters determined by optimization for all configurations. Here also is shown the impact of intermittent drying on the energy saving and how the intermittent drying change for the better the product quallity is shown.
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Turan, Umut. "Simulation Of A Batch Dryer By The Finite Difference Method." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606478/index.pdf.
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The objectives of this study are to investigate the dynamic behavior of an apple slab subjected to drying at constant external conditions and under changing in the drying temperatures and to determine the effects of temperature and time combinations at different steps during drying on the process dynamics parameters, time constant and process gain of the system. For this purpose, a semi-batch dryer system was simulated by using integral method of analysis.
Initially, the dynamic behavior of the drying temperature was investigated by using first order system dynamic model. Process dynamic parameters, time constant and process gain of the system, for change in drying temperature were determined.
Secondly, investigation of the drying kinetics of the apple slab was carried out under constant external conditions in a semi-batch dryer. A mathematical model for diffusion mechanism assumed in one dimensional transient analysis of moisture distribution was solved by using explicit finite difference method of analysis.
Thirdly, investigation of the drying kinetics of the apple slab was carried out under change in drying temperature at different time steps during drying. Inverse response system model was used for the representation of the dynamic behavior of drying. Process dynamic parameters, time constant and process gain of the system were determined.
Model predicted results for apple slab drying under constant external condition and under step change in the drying temperature were compared with the experimental data.
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Nguyen, Thu Ha. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation du procédé de séchage des végétaux." Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS370/document.
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Dans le séchage des fruits et légumes, beaucoup de questions non résolues subsistent. Le «Swell-drying» est un procédé de séchage couplant une étape de déshydratation par air chaud à la texturation par Détente Instantanée Contrôlée (DIC). Dans le cadre de ce travail de recherche, la carotte et la pomme sont utilisées comme aliment modèle pour le traitement de la plupart des végétaux. La littérature scientifique sur le séchage des agromatériaux est unanime sur l’effet positif de la température de l'air, l’effet négatif de l'humidité relative de l'air et de l'épaisseur vis-à-vis du temps de séchage. Cependant, malgré un nombre important d’études, des conclusions contradictoires sont notées en termes de corrélations entre la cinétique de séchage et la vitesse de l'air qui, selon certains auteurs, n’entraîne aucune modification du séchage; alors que certains travaux ont tenté d'établir des modèles empiriques entre la diffusivité effective et la vitesse de l'air ; ce qui est fondamentalement erroné. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser les phénomènes de transfert pendant le processus du séchage et d'identifier le phénomène limitant entre les transferts internes et externes. Ce travail aboutir à l’identification de la vitesse critique de l'air CAV capable de rendre la diffusion interne de l’eau comme phénomène limitant. La CAV doit donc dépendre de la diffusivité effective et de la taille du produit. À partir de résultats expérimentaux qui couvrent de larges plages de température d’air, de teneur en eau, et de taux d'expansion absolu, un modèle empirique a été établiGreat research works support the sector of drying of fruits and vegetables in a number of ways. Each year, experimental results and mathematical modelling try through conventional and innovative technological processes to protect agricultural products from seasonality and variability in the market prices. Nonetheless, there still exist considerable issues to improve and control this strategic agricultural sector. Swell-drying is very relevant drying process coupling hot air dehydration with Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC). In the present work, carrot and apple were used as a fruit and vegetable model. Scientific literature on drying is unanimous that the drying time decreases with increasing air temperature, decreasing air relative humidity, and reducing thickness. However, the effect of airflow velocity leads to contradictory conclusions. Some authors have claimed that it does not trigger any modification of drying; while some articles tried to establish empirical models of the effective diffusivity versus airflow velocity; what is fundamentally erroneous. This thesis aims at analyzing external and internal transfer phenomena during drying. So, it was possible to recognize the Critical Airflow Velocity CAV depending on the effective diffusivity and the product size, to have the internal water transfer as the limiting phenomenon. From experimental results, an empirical model was established between the effective moisture diffusivity and airflow temperature, water content, and absolute expansion ratio
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Oliveira, Mirela AraÃjo de. "AvaliaÃÃo da influÃncia de adjuvantes de secagem sobre as propriedades de suco de caju atomizado." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1531.
Full textAbstract:
FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoAs indÃstrias de frutas tÃm sofrido pressÃes para se adaptar aos crescentes requerimentos dos consumidores, relacionados a conveniÃncia, seguranÃa alimentar, e benefÃcios à saÃde. Uma evidÃncia de tais mudanÃas à o aumento da produÃÃo de sucos de frutas e produtos similares. Embora os nÃctares, prontos para beber, sejam produtos de conveniÃncia, eles tÃm alto peso e volume, jà que tÃm a Ãgua como principal componente. Esse à um aspecto inconveniente, e aumenta os custos de transporte. Os sucos em pà tÃm algumas vantagens sobre os sucos integrais, como o transporte mais fÃcil e barato e sua maior estabilidade microbiolÃgica. No entanto, o consumidor parece ainda confundir sucos em pà com refrescos artificiais em pÃ, mais comumente encontrados, o que prejudica a consolidaÃÃo dos primeiros no mercado. O caju (Anacardium occidentale) à uma fruta originÃria do Nordeste brasileiro, para o qual apresenta grande importÃncia socioeconÃmica. à formado por castanha (verdadeiro fruto) e pedÃnculo (pseudofruto). A alta perecibilidade do pedÃnculo in natura tem motivado o desenvolvimento de processos que gerem produtos estÃveis, disponÃveis ao longo do ano, ao mesmo tempo facilitando seu transporte para longe da regiÃo produtora. A atomizaÃÃo à a tÃcnica mais utilizada para secagem de alimentos lÃquidos. Entretanto, produtos ricos em aÃÃcares, como sucos de frutas, sÃo difÃceis de atomizar, pois produzem pÃs muito higroscÃpicos, suscetÃveis a aglomeraÃÃo. Isso pode ser minimizado pela adiÃÃo dos chamados adjuvantes de secagem, como as maltodextrinas, que reduzem sua higroscopicidade. O presente estudo envolveu uma tentativa de substituiÃÃo (total ou parcial) de maltodextrinas (MD) por goma de cajueiro (GC), um polissacarÃdeo semelhante à goma arÃbica, muito abundante no Nordeste brasileiro, mas ainda pouco utilizada. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o impacto de duas variÃveis do processo de atomizaÃÃo - proporÃÃo adjuvante de secagem/ sÃlidos de caju (2:1-5:1) e grau de substituiÃÃo de MD por GC (0-100%), segundo um delineamento composto central - sobre a retenÃÃo de Ãcido ascÃrbico e as propriedades fÃsicas (higroscopicidade e fluidez) e solubilidade de suco de caju atomizado. A retenÃÃo de Ãcido ascÃrbico durante a atomizaÃÃo foi favorecida por maiores proporÃÃes adjuvante de secagem/sÃlidos de caju (AS/SC) e maior grau de substituiÃÃo de MD por GC. A goma de cajueiro mostrou-se um material bastante promissor a ser utilizado como adjuvante de secagem. As condiÃÃes de processo consideradas como as mais adequadas foram as seguintes: proporÃÃo AS/SC, 5:1, com substituiÃÃo de MD por GC em pelo menos 50%.
The fruit industries have been compelled to adapt to the increasing consumer requeriments related to convenience, food safety and health benefits. An evidence of such changes is the increasing production of fruit juices and related products. Although the ready-to-drink fruit nectars are convenience products, they have high weight and volume, since they have water as their main component. This is an inconvenient aspect, and increases transportation costs. The powder juices have some advantages over whole juices, such as easier and cheaper transportation and higher microbial stability. However, the consumers seem to confuse powder juices with the more commonly found fruit-flavored powder drinks, impairing the consolidation of the former in the market. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) is a fruit from Brazilian Northeast, having great socio-economic importance for that region. It contains the cashew nut (the real fruit) and the cashew apple (pseudofruit). The low stability of the fresh cashew apple has motivated the development of processes to obtain more shelf-stable products which could be available all year long, and at the same time easy to transport to distant markets. Spray drying is the most used technique to dry liquid foods. However, sugar-rich foods such as fruit juices are difficult to dry, since they produce too hygroscopic powders, which are prone to caking and flowing problems. This can be minimized by addition of drying-aids, such as maltodextrins, which reduce their hygroscopicity. The present study involved an attempt to totally or partially replace maltodextrins (MD) by cashew tree gum (CTG), a polysaccharide similar to gum arabic, very abundant in Brazilian Northeast but under-utilized. The objective of the work was to evaluate the impact of two variables â drying aid/cashew apple solids (DA/CA) ratio (2:1-5:1) and degree of replacement of MD with CTG (0-100%), according to a central composite design â on ascorbic acid retention, physical properties (hygroscopicity and flowability) and solubility of spray dried cashew apple juice. The ascorbic acid retention was favored by higher DA/CA ratios and higher replacements of MD. Cashew tree gum was shown as a promising drying aid material. The most adequate drying conditions were considered as being the following: DA/CA ratio, 5:1, with CTG replacing MD in at least 50%.
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Oliveira, Mirela Araújo de. "Avaliação da influência de adjuvantes de secagem sobre as propriedades de suco de caju atomizado." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/17832.
Full textAbstract:
OLIVEIRA, Mirela Araújo de. Avaliação da influência de adjuvantes de secagem sobre as propriedades de suco de caju atomizado. 2008. 63 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia de Alimentos, Fortaleza-CE, 2008Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-21T15:44:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_maoliveira.pdf: 344638 bytes, checksum: c7be23bd0664083768d19e6b751a3c6d (MD5)
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The fruit industries have been compelled to adapt to the increasing consumer requeriments related to convenience, food safety and health benefits. An evidence of such changes is the increasing production of fruit juices and related products. Although the ready-to-drink fruit nectars are convenience products, they have high weight and volume, since they have water as their main component. This is an inconvenient aspect, and increases transportation costs. The powder juices have some advantages over whole juices, such as easier and cheaper transportation and higher microbial stability. However, the consumers seem to confuse powder juices with the more commonly found fruit-flavored powder drinks, impairing the consolidation of the former in the market. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) is a fruit from Brazilian Northeast, having great socio-economic importance for that region. It contains the cashew nut (the real fruit) and the cashew apple (pseudofruit). The low stability of the fresh cashew apple has motivated the development of processes to obtain more shelf-stable products which could be available all year long, and at the same time easy to transport to distant markets. Spray drying is the most used technique to dry liquid foods. However, sugar-rich foods such as fruit juices are difficult to dry, since they produce too hygroscopic powders, which are prone to caking and flowing problems. This can be minimized by addition of drying-aids, such as maltodextrins, which reduce their hygroscopicity. The present study involved an attempt to totally or partially replace maltodextrins (MD) by cashew tree gum (CTG), a polysaccharide similar to gum arabic, very abundant in Brazilian Northeast but under-utilized. The objective of the work was to evaluate the impact of two variables – drying aid/cashew apple solids (DA/CA) ratio (2:1-5:1) and degree of replacement of MD with CTG (0-100%), according to a central composite design – on ascorbic acid retention, physical properties (hygroscopicity and flowability) and solubility of spray dried cashew apple juice. The ascorbic acid retention was favored by higher DA/CA ratios and higher replacements of MD. Cashew tree gum was shown as a promising drying aid material. The most adequate drying conditions were considered as being the following: DA/CA ratio, 5:1, with CTG replacing MD in at least 50%.
As indústrias de frutas têm sofrido pressões para se adaptar aos crescentes requerimentos dos consumidores, relacionados a conveniência, segurança alimentar, e benefícios à saúde. Uma evidência de tais mudanças é o aumento da produção de sucos de frutas e produtos similares. Embora os néctares, prontos para beber, sejam produtos de conveniência, eles têm alto peso e volume, já que têm a água como principal componente. Esse é um aspecto inconveniente, e aumenta os custos de transporte. Os sucos em pó têm algumas vantagens sobre os sucos integrais, como o transporte mais fácil e barato e sua maior estabilidade microbiológica. No entanto, o consumidor parece ainda confundir sucos em pó com refrescos artificiais em pó, mais comumente encontrados, o que prejudica a consolidação dos primeiros no mercado. O caju (Anacardium occidentale) é uma fruta originária do Nordeste brasileiro, para o qual apresenta grande importância socioeconômica. É formado por castanha (verdadeiro fruto) e pedúnculo (pseudofruto). A alta perecibilidade do pedúnculo in natura tem motivado o desenvolvimento de processos que gerem produtos estáveis, disponíveis ao longo do ano, ao mesmo tempo facilitando seu transporte para longe da região produtora. A atomização é a técnica mais utilizada para secagem de alimentos líquidos. Entretanto, produtos ricos em açúcares, como sucos de frutas, são difíceis de atomizar, pois produzem pós muito higroscópicos, suscetíveis a aglomeração. Isso pode ser minimizado pela adição dos chamados adjuvantes de secagem, como as maltodextrinas, que reduzem sua higroscopicidade. O presente estudo envolveu uma tentativa de substituição (total ou parcial) de maltodextrinas (MD) por goma de cajueiro (GC), um polissacarídeo semelhante à goma arábica, muito abundante no Nordeste brasileiro, mas ainda pouco utilizada. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o impacto de duas variáveis do processo de atomização - proporção adjuvante de secagem/ sólidos de caju (2:1-5:1) e grau de substituição de MD por GC (0-100%), segundo um delineamento composto central - sobre a retenção de ácido ascórbico e as propriedades físicas (higroscopicidade e fluidez) e solubilidade de suco de caju atomizado. A retenção de ácido ascórbico durante a atomização foi favorecida por maiores proporções adjuvante de secagem/sólidos de caju (AS/SC) e maior grau de substituição de MD por GC. A goma de cajueiro mostrou-se um material bastante promissor a ser utilizado como adjuvante de secagem. As condições de processo consideradas como as mais adequadas foram as seguintes: proporção AS/SC, 5:1, com substituição de MD por GC em pelo menos 50%.
Books on the topic "Apple drying"
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Chiang, Win-Chin. Analyses of temperature and moisture profiles during apple drying. 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Apple drying"
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Jaros, Małgorzata, Albert Gniado, Ewa Golisz, Szymon Głowacki, and Weronika Tulej. "Efficiency of Industrial Drying of Apple Pomace." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 113–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13888-2_11.
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Sturm, Barbara. "Automatic Control of Apple Drying with Respect to Product Temperature and Air Velocity." In Intelligent Control in Drying, 211–29. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, 2018. | Series: Advances in drying science & technology: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429443183-12.
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Vega, Anna-Maria Nuñez. "Quality Optimized Apple Drying Using a Novel Reference Value and Considering the “Pseudo Wet-Bulb Temperature”." In Intelligent Control in Drying, 231–52. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, 2018. | Series: Advances in drying science & technology: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429443183-13.
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Lima, F. C. S., F. L. H. Silva, J. P. Gomes, M. B. Muniz, and A. M. Santiago. "Evaluation of Cashew Apple Bagasse for Xylitol Production." In Transport Phenomena and Drying of Solids and Particulate Materials, 179–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04054-7_9.
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Fito, P., N. Betoret, P. J. Fito, and A. Andrés. "Advanced Food Products and Process Engineering (SAFES) II: Application to Apple Combined Drying." In Food Engineering: Integrated Approaches, 315–25. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75430-7_21.
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Casim, S. M., M. F. Mazzobre, and S. M. Alzamora. "An Exhaustive Study on Physicochemical and Structural Changes During Drying of Apple Discs." In Food Engineering Series, 311–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2578-0_23.
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Saxena, Gaurav, M. K. Gaur, and Anand Kushwah. "Performance Analysis and ANN Modelling of Apple Drying in ETSC-Assisted Hybrid Active Dryer." In Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Computing, 275–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1220-6_24.
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Yitayew, Tadlo, and Tadesse Fenta. "The Effect of Drying Method on the Texture, Color, Vitamin C and β-Carotene Content of Dried Mango Slices (Cv. Apple and Kent)." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 97–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80621-7_7.
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Vieira, Margarida, and Jorge Pereira. "Dehydration I – Tray Drying of Apples." In Experiments in Unit Operations and Processing of Foods, 65–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68642-4_8.
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Mühlbauer, Werner, and Joachim Müller. "Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)." In Drying Atlas, 259–68. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818162-1.00029-8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Apple drying"
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Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Dinar Fartdinov, Josep Comaposada, Israel Muñoz, Nieco De Wit, and Pere Gou. "Healthy apple snack developed using microwaves." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7655.
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The MW heating at early or at final stage of drying process to obtain a crispy apple snack was studied. The effect of MW power and time of application was also evaluated on colour, texture, physico-chemical and sensory properties. Apple snack obtained with the MW heating (7.5 min at 3.000 W) at early stage after an osmotic pre-treatment resulted in apple slices more porous and with better sensory attributes than if it is applied at later stage of drying. Keywords: apple; snack; drying; microwaves
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Przybylski, Wlodzimierz, Bartlomiej Kola, Paulina Lipinska-Palka, Michal Kalisiak, and Adam Abramowicz. "Microwave Oven for Apple Pomace Drying." In 2022 24th International Microwave and Radar Conference (MIKON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/mikon54314.2022.9925000.
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Isci, Aslı, Naciye Kutlu, Merve Silanur Yilmaz, Hicran Arslan, and Ozge Sakiyan. "The effect of ohmic heating pretreatment on drying of apple." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7375.
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In this study, effects of ohmic pretreatment on the drying rates and color kinetics of apple were investigated. Apple slices were treated at different electric field strengths (20-30 and 40 V/cm) at 60°C for 1 min. Drying process was applied at 60˚C-2 m/s by using a tray-dryer. ΔE and moisture content were calculated. These values were fitted to the semi-theoretical thin-layer drying and the zero and first-order kinetic model. The shortest drying time was found samples treated with 30 V/cm. Wang&Singh model gave the superior fit to the experimental data. ΔE fitted well to the zero-order kinetic model.Keywords: Ohmic heating, drying, kinetic models, thin-layer models, apple.
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Huang, Xiaoli, T. Li, S. N. Li, Z. H. Wu, and J. Xue. "Hot air drying combined vacuum-filling nitrogen drying of apple slices: Drying characteristics and nutrients." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7477.
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In this paper, hot air drying (HAD) was applied when moisture content of apple slices range from 50% to 86%, and then vacuum-filling nitrogen drying (VFND) was used till moisture content reaching 7%. Results showed that, the drying rate of apple slice during VFND period increased with temperature increment and decreased with increment of slice thickness; compared to freezing dried samples, samples dried in this research were owned lower Vc and higher flavonoid; when HAD (70℃,3.0m/s)+VFND(relative pressure 0.08MPa, 50℃) and thickness of 6.0mm, nutrients reached better levels: retentions of Vc, total phenolics and flavonoid were 1.63mg/100g, 4.07mg/100g and 2.10mg/100g, respectively. Keywords: apple slices, hot air drying, vacuum-filling nitrogen drying, drying rate, nutrients
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Karim, Azharul, M. M. Rahman, M. M. Billah, and M. I. H. Khan. "Microstructural characterization of apple tissue during drying using X-Ray microtomography." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.8351.
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This study aims to investigate the complex microstructural changes in plant-based food materials during drying by using X-ray micro-computed tomography (X-ray µCT) along with the image analysis. The apple samples were dried at 60 °C and tested using X-ray µCT at different stages of drying. The porosity, cell and pore size distribution were determined from the micro-CT data set. It was observed that significant changes in porosity, cell and pore size distribution take place at different drying times and moisture contents. X-ray µCT can serve as a very promising tool to elucidate the evolution of the food microstructure during the drying process. Keywords: Food drying, characteristics, X-ray microtomography, nondestructive evaluation
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Shrestha, Luna, Roberto Moscetti, Stuart Crichton, Oliver Hensel, and Barbara Sturm. "Organic apples (cv. Elstar) quality evaluation during hot-air drying using Vis/NIR hyperspectral imaging." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7689.
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Organic dried apples are common snacks fulfilling functional as well as nutritional aspects. However, appearance of dried slices does not always satisfy consumer requirements, thus, improvements are needed. In this study, partial least squares (PLS) regression models were successfully developed to monitor changes in colour and moisture content in apple slices during the drying process over the Vis/NIR spectral range. The regression vector analysis results suggested that features at 580, 750 and 970 nm are better for predicting moisture content, while 580 and 680 nm allow to measure the (a*/b*) colour ratio. Keywords: Drying; Dried apple slices; Moisture content; Colour; PLSR modelling
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Bellaga, S., L. Ben Haj Said, and K. Allaf. "Partial drying of apple fruits to improve freeze/thaw quality during long term frozen storage." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.8372.
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Apple samples were submitted to partially drying prior to freezing. Then, quality assessments were achieved in order to evaluate the quality of these various frozen samples during frozen-storage. Significant positive effects of water content were observed on thaw exudate water and total color difference of dehydrofrozen/thawed apples. Total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content losses were important for samples without any dehydration pretreatment. They noticeably decreased when water content decreased during the whole period of storage. Thus, a partial removal of water prior to freezing is a relevant way to maintain the stability of fruit quality during long-term frozen-storage. Keywords: Apple fruits; dehydrofreezing; frozen storage; color; polyphenol
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Zhenfeng Li, G.S.V Raghavam, Ning Wang, and Clement Vigneault. "Speed Control in Microwave Drying Of Apple." In 2010 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 20 - June 23, 2010. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29841.
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ROMANO, G., I. FARKAS, L. KOCSIS, and S. OSHITA. "INFLUENCING PARAMETERS ON SOLAR DRYING OF APPLE." In The Proceedings of the 5th Asia-Pacific Drying Conference. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812771957_0193.
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Cárcel, Juan A., Matheus P. Martins, Edgar J. Cortés, Carmen Rosselló, and Ramón Peña. "Influence of the temperature and ultrasound application in drying kinetics of apple skin." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7889.
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The great amount of waste produced by food industry contains interesting bioactive compounds. The extraction of these compounds requires the by-products previous stabilization being the convective drying one of most used techniques to this end. Drying conditions can affect both drying kinetics and final quality of products. The apple skin, byproduct of apple juice or cider industries, is rich in functional compounds such as polyphenols or vitamin C. The main goal of this contribution was to quantify the influence of temperature and ultrasound application in drying kinetics of apple skin. For this purpose, drying experiments at different temperatures (-10, 30, 50 and 70 ºC) and with (20.5 kW/m3) and without application of ultrasound were carried out. Drying kinetics were modelled by using a diffusion based model. As can be expected, the higher the temperature the faster the drying. Ultrasound application accelerated the process at every temperature tested being the influence slightly lower than found from the literature for other products. This can be attributed at the physical structure of the apple skin, less porous than the pulp. In any case, the application of ultrasound significantly reduced the drying time. Keywords: by-products; dehydration;diffusivity; mass transfer