Journal articles: 'Appetite assessment'

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Fedulova, Iryna, and Nataliia Skopenko. "RISK APPETITE ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK." THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS, no. 40/41 (2020): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2020.40.3.

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he adoption of any managerial decision within the company happens in the presence of risks. Against this background, it is vital to determine whether the risk is acceptable for achieving the objectives. In the article the essence of risk appetite, risk tolerance and risk capacity is considered. Differences between risk capacity, risk appetite and risk tolerance are defined. Risk appetite reflects the level of losses that the company is willing to accept in order to achieve its strategic objectives. In contrast, risk tolerance is related to the acceptance of the outcomes of specific identified risk events and is defined as readiness for certain risk event. Risk capacity is the maximum level of risk that an organization is able to accept for achieving its business goals, taking into account the current level of resources, its capital structure and access to markets. An important part of identifying the risk appetite for the company is a description of advantages and disadvantages of existing methods of its assessment. Quantitative and qualitative approaches to determining risk appetite are considered. In the first case, the absolute value of possible risk or its relative value is established. In this case, the risk appetite is determined depending on organizational objectives. These objectives may determine the achievement of the planned financial indicators, compliance with financial regulations and other indicators of the company. Qualitative assessment of risk appetite is used when the risk cannot be quantified. In this case, the risk appetite is presented in a descriptive way. It is important to define the risk appetite including all aspects of the enterprise activity in the context of certain strategic goals of its development. Breaching the risk tolerance threshold should serve as a red alert for management. In such a case, it is important to reduce the risk position.

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Cox, Natalie, Kinda Ibrahim, Avan Sayer, Sian Robinson, and Helen Roberts. "Assessment and Treatment of the Anorexia of Aging: A Systematic Review." Nutrients 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010144.

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(1) Background: Appetite loss in older people, the ‘Anorexia of Aging’ (AA), is common, associated with under-nutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty and yet receives little attention. This review had two aims: describe interventions for AA and their effectiveness, and identify the methods of appetite assessment. (2) Methods: Study inclusion: participants aged ≥65, intervention for AA, and appetite assessment, any design, and comparator. Exclusion: studies on specific health cohorts. Searches in four databases with hand searching of references and citing works. Two researchers independently assessed eligibility and quality. (3) Results: Authors screened 8729 titles, 46 full texts. Eighteen articles were included describing nine intervention types: education (n = 1), exercise (n = 1), flavor enhancement (n = 2), increased meal variety (n = 1), mealtime assistance (n = 1), fortified food (n = 1), oral nutritional supplement (ONS) (n = 8), amino acids (n = 1), and medication (n = 2). Three studies evaluated combinations: education + exercise, ONS + exercise, and ONS + medication. Five intervention types exhibited favorable effects on appetite but in single datasets or not replicated. Appetite was assessed predominantly by Likert (n = 9), or visual analogue scales (n = 7). (4) Conclusions: A variety of interventions and methods of appetite assessments were used. There was a lack of clarity about whether AA or undernutrition was the intervention target. AA is important for future research but needs standardized assessment so that effectiveness of a range of interventions can be fully explored.

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Salazar-Robles, Elihud, Abel Lerma, Martín Calderón-Juárez, Armando Ibarra, Héctor Pérez-Grovas, Luis A. Bermúdez-Aceves, Lilian E. Bosques-Brugada, and Claudia Lerma. "Assessment of Factors Related to Diminished Appetite in Hemodialysis Patients with a New Adapted and Validated Questionnaire." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041371.

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Appetite loss is a common phenomenon in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD). We aimed to (i) adapt and validate a Spanish language version of the Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (CNAQ) and (ii) to identify psychological and biological factors associated with diminished appetite. We recruited 242 patients undergoing HD from four hemodialysis centers to validate the Spanish-translated version of the CNAQ. In another set of 182 patients from three HD centers, the Appetite and Diet Assessment Tool (ADAT) was used as the gold standard to identify a cut-off value for diminished appetite in our adapted questionnaire. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Distorted Thoughts Scale (DTS), Dialysis Malnutrition Score (DMS), anthropometric, values and laboratory values were also measured. Seven items were preserved in the adapted appetite questionnaire, with two factors associated with flavor and gastric fullness (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.758). Diminished appetite was identified with a cut-off value ≤25 points (sensitivity 73%, specificity 77%). Patients with diminished appetite had a higher proportion of females and DMS punctuation, lower plasmatic level of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and phosphorus. Appetite score correlated with BDI score, BAI score and DTS. Conclusions: This simple but robust appetite score adequately discriminates against patients with diminished appetite. Screening and treatment of psychological conditions may be useful to increase appetite and the nutritional status of these patients.

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Womble, Leslie G., Thomas A. Wadden, Julie M. Chandler, and Allison R. Martin. "Agreement between weekly vs. daily assessment of appetite." Appetite 40, no. 2 (February 2003): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-6663(02)00170-8.

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Molfino, Alessio, George A. Kaysen, Glenn M. Chertow, Julie Doyle, Cynthia Delgado, Tjien Dwyer, Alessandro Laviano, Filippo Rossi Fanelli, and Kirsten L. Johansen. "Validating Appetite Assessment Tools Among Patients Receiving Hemodialysis." Journal of Renal Nutrition 26, no. 2 (March 2016): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jrn.2015.09.002.

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Wang, T., and Jiaqing Shen. "Usefulness of Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) in Appetite Assessment in Elder Patients with Liver Cirrhosis." Journal of nutrition, health & aging 22, no. 8 (August 4, 2018): 911–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12603-018-1086-5.

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Wilson, Margaret-Mary G., David R. Thomas, Laurence Z. Rubenstein, John T. Chibnall, Stephanie Anderson, Amy Baxi, Marilyn R. Diebold, and John E. Morley. "Appetite assessment: simple appetite questionnaire predicts weight loss in community-dwelling adults and nursing home residents." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 82, no. 5 (November 1, 2005): 1074–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/82.5.1074.

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M. Badubi, Reuben. "Dynamic Assessment of Mergers and Acquisitions Risks in Botswana." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 2, no. 4 (2017): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.24.3005.

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The aim of the paper is to address the issue of local enterprises that fall prey to international companies in terms of mergers as they fail to address risks that collapse their institutions.In this research paper, the study is based on literature. The researcher looked at similar cases of mergers and acquisitions in Botswana and overseas in diverse sectors of the economy. The core assessment of risk identification which is portfolio risk helped in identifying risks that affect consolidations, mergers, and acquisitions in Botswana. The researcher intends to help the companies taking over others to be able to manage risks, contain their risk appetite in order to avoid financial losses as well as legal litigations from either parties that will be affected. Local enterprises fail because of lack of experience and capacity to handle risks. It is also coupled with failure to measure their risk appetite as well as test the role of leadership in managing risks. The methodology used is direct interview and consultations for the information.

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Del Fabbro, Egidio, Rony Dev, David Hui, Lynn Palmer, and Eduardo Bruera. "Effects of Melatonin on Appetite and Other Symptoms in Patients With Advanced Cancer and Cachexia: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 10 (April 1, 2013): 1271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.43.6766.

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Purpose Prior studies have suggested that melatonin, a frequently used integrative medicine, can attenuate weight loss, anorexia, and fatigue in patients with cancer. These studies were limited by a lack of blinding and absence of placebo controls. The primary purpose of this study was to compare melatonin with placebo for appetite improvement in patients with cancer cachexia. Patients and Methods We performed a randomized, double-blind, 28-day trial of melatonin 20 mg versus placebo in patients with advanced lung or GI cancer, appetite scores ≥ 4 on a 0 to 10 scale (10 = worst appetite), and history of weight loss ≥ 5%. Assessments included weight, symptoms by the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale, and quality of life by the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy (FAACT) questionnaire. Differences between groups from baseline to day 28 were analyzed using one-sided, two-sample t tests or Wilcoxon two-sample tests. Interim analysis halfway through the trial had a Lan-DeMets monitoring boundary with an O'Brien-Fleming stopping rule. Decision boundaries were to accept the null hypothesis of futility if the test statistic z < 0.39 (P ≥ .348) and reject the null hypothesis if z > 2.54 (P ≤ .0056). Results After interim analysis of 48 patients, the study was closed for futility. There were no significant differences between groups for appetite (P = .78) or other symptoms, weight (P = .17), FAACT score (P = .95), toxicity, or survival from baseline to day 28. Conclusion In cachectic patients with advanced cancer, oral melatonin 20 mg at night did not improve appetite, weight, or quality of life compared with placebo.

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Brown, Laura J. E., Tim Adlam, Faustina Hwang, Hassan Khadra, Linda M. Maclean, Bridey Rudd, Tom Smith, Claire Timon, Elizabeth A. Williams, and Arlene J. Astell. "Computerized Self-Administered Measures of Mood and Appetite for Older Adults: The Novel Assessment of Nutrition and Ageing Toolkit." Journal of Applied Gerontology 37, no. 2 (February 10, 2016): 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464816630636.

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The “Novel Assessment of Nutrition and Ageing” (NANA) toolkit is a computerized system for collecting longitudinal information about older adults’ health and behavior. Here, we describe the validation of six items for measuring older adults’ self-reported mood and appetite as part of the NANA system. In Study 1, 48 community-living older adults (aged 65-89 years) completed NANA measures of their current mood and appetite alongside standard paper measures, on three occasions, in a laboratory setting. In Study 2, 40 community-living older adults (aged 64-88 years) completed daily NANA measures of momentary mood and appetite in their own homes, unsupervised, alongside additional measures of health and behavior, over three 7-day periods. The NANA measures were significantly correlated with standard measures of mood and appetite, and showed stability over time. They show utility for tracking mood and appetite longitudinally, and for better understanding links with other aspects of health and behavior.

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Spexoto, Maria Claudia Bernardes, Gesieli Aparecida da Silva, Lígia Zampieri de Brito, Mariana dos Santos Murra, and Ricardo Reis. "Apetite e sintomas de impacto nutricional de mulheres com câncer ginecológico." Braspen Journal 35, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37111/braspenj.2020351006.

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Introduction: Changes in appetite are common and worrying in cancer patients and significantly impact nutritional status. This study aimed to verify the relationship among appetite/symptoms and the sociodemographic, clinical and nutritional status of women diagnosed with gynecological cancer without antineoplastic treatment treated at Barretos Cancer Hospital. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample design, conducted between January and September 2017. This study comprised sociodemographic, clinical, nutritional status and appetite/ symptoms. Nutritional assessment was performed using the body mass index (BMI) and the PatientGenerated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). To assess appetite and symptoms, the Cancer Appetite and Symptom Questionnaire (CASQ) instrument was used. For associations of interest, the chi-square test was used. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: 171 women with a mean age of 52.32 ± 14.95 years participated, most of them diagnosed with cervical cancer (56.6%). Although the predominance in this study is women with moderate appetite/symptom impairment, it was not related to sociodemographic and clinical variables, nor was it associated with nutritional status assessed by BMI. However, a significant association was found between appetite/symptoms and nutritional status assessed by PG-SGA (p = 0.033). Conclusion: Appetite impairment and presence of symptoms were not related to the sociodemographic and clinical variables studied in women diagnosed with treatment-naive gynecological cancer. Significant association was found between CASQ and nutritional status assessed by PG-SGA.

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Sieske, Janssen, Babel, Westhoff, Wirth, and Pourhassan. "Inflammation, Appetite and Food Intake in Older Hospitalized Patients." Nutrients 11, no. 9 (August 22, 2019): 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11091986.

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The effect of inflammation on appetite and food intake has been rarely studied in humans. In this study, we examined the association of C-reactive protein (CRP), as an inflammatory marker, with appetite and food intake among older hospitalized patients. A total of 200 older individuals, who were consecutively admitted to a geriatric acute care ward, participated in this prospective observational study. Appetite was evaluated using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) and the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ), respectively. Food intake was measured according to plate diagram method and participants were categorized as having food intake <75% and ≥75% of meals served. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF). In addition, serum CRP was analyzed and the levels >3.0 (mg/dL) were considered as moderate to severe inflammation. Of total population with mean age 81.4 ± 6.6 years (62.5% females), 51 (25.5%) had no inflammation and 88 (44.0%) and 61 (30.5%) had mild and moderate to severe inflammation, respectively. According to MNA-SF, 9.0% and 60.0% had normal nutritional status or a risk of malnutrition, respectively, whereas 31.0% were malnourished. Based on the SNAQ-appetite-question, 32.5% of the patients demonstrated poor and very poor appetite whereas 23.5% reported severe loss of appetite according to ESAS. Ninety-five (48.0%) of the participants had food intake <75% of the meals offered. Significant associations between SNAQ-appetite (p = 0.003) and ESAS-appetite (p = 0.013) scores and CRP levels were observed. In addition, significant differences were observed in CRP levels between intake ≥75% and <75% of meals served (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there were significant associations between appetite and nutritional status whereas malnourished older patients demonstrated a decreased appetite compared to those with normal nutritional status (p = 0.011). In a regression analysis, inflammation was the major independent risk factor for patients’ appetite (p = 0.003) and food intake (p = 0.011) whereas other variables such as infection (p = 0.960), chronic inflammatory diseases (p = 0.371), age (p = 0.679) and gender (p = 0.447) do not show any impact on appetite. Our findings confirm that poor appetite and low food intake are associated with inflammation in older hospitalized patients, suggesting that inflammation may contribute an important aspect to the development of malnutrition in these patients.

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Pourhassan, Maryam, Lars Sieske, Gregor Janssen, Nina Babel, Timm Henning Westhoff, and Rainer Wirth. "The impact of acute changes of inflammation on appetite and food intake among older hospitalised patients." British Journal of Nutrition 124, no. 10 (June 18, 2020): 1069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114520002160.

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AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the effect of acute changes in serum C-reactive protein (CRP) on appetite and food intake among older hospitalised patients. A total of 200 patients (age range 65–94 years, 62·5 % women) participated in this prospective longitudinal observational study. Risk of malnutrition was measured according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form. The Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) and Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) were used to evaluate patients’ appetite at the time of hospital admission (baseline) and after 7 d (follow-up). Food intake was measured according to the plate diagram and serum CRP was analysed at baseline and follow-up. At baseline, 30·5 % of the patients had moderate to severe inflammation, 31·0 % were malnourished and 48·0 % had food intake <75 % of the meals offered. Also, 32·5 and 23·5 % reported poor and very poor appetite or severe loss of appetite according to the SNAQ and ESAS, respectively. Of the patients, 40 % displayed a pronounced reduction in median CRP levels by −1·2 mg/dl and 19 % demonstrated an increase in median CRP levels by +1·2 mg/dl. Appetite significantly improved (P = 0·006) in patients with a decrease in CRP level and deteriorated in those with an increase in CRP level (P = 0·032). Changes in CRP levels did not show any significant impact on food intake. In a regression analysis, changes of inflammation were the major independent predictor for changes of patients’ appetite. We conclude that inflammation has a significant impact on appetite and should therefore be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition.

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Del Fabbro, Egidio, Rony Dev, David Hui, J. Lynn Palmer, and Eduardo Bruera. "The effect of melatonin on appetite and other symptoms in patients with advanced cancer and cachexia: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 9062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.9062.

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9062 Background: Patients with advanced cancer experience anorexia and weight loss which impairs their quality of life. Prior studies suggest melatonin, a frequently used integrative medicine may attenuate weight loss, anorexia, fatigue, and depression. These studies were limited by a lack of blinding and absence of placebo controls. The primary objective of this study was to compare melatonin to placebo for appetite in patients with cachexia. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, 28 day trial of melatonin 20mg vs. placebo in patients with advanced lung or gastrointestinal cancer, appetite scores >3 on a 0 to 10 scale (10 = worst appetite) and a history of weight loss ≥ 5% within 6 months. Patients unable to maintain oral intake, thyroid or adrenal dysfunction, or with a karnofsky <40 were excluded from the study. The assessments included weight, symptom severity by Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) and quality of life by the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy (FAACT).Differences between groups from baseline to day 28 were analyzed using one-sided two sample t tests (appetite, pain and well-being) or Wilcoxon two-sample tests for the other variables. Interim analysis at half point had a Lan-DeMets monitoring boundary with an O’Brien-Fleming stopping rule. The decision boundaries for the interim test was to accept the null hypothesis of no treatment difference (futility) if the test statistic Z < 0.39 (p ≥ 0.348). Results: After interim analysis of 48 patients, the study was closed by the Data Safety Monitoring Board for futility. There were no significant differences between groups in appetite (p=0.78), weight (p= 0.17), FAACT score (p=0.95), insomnia (p=0.62) or other symptoms measured by the ESAS from baseline to day 28.No significant toxicities were observed. Conclusions: In cachectic patients with advanced cancer, 20mg oral Melatonin at night does not improve appetite, weight or quality of life compared to placebo.

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van Dronkelaar, Carliene, Michael Tieland, Jesse Aarden, Lucienne Reichardt, Rosanne van Seben, Marike van der Schaaf, Martin van der Esch, et al. "Decreased Appetite is Associated with Sarcopenia-Related Outcomes in Acute Hospitalized Older Adults." Nutrients 11, no. 4 (April 25, 2019): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040932.

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Decreased appetite is one of the main risk factors of malnutrition. Little is known on how appetite changes during hospitalization and after discharge and how it relates with sarcopenia-related outcomes. We analyzed data of the Hospital-ADL study, a multicenter prospective cohort study that followed 400 acutely hospitalized older adults (≥70 year). Appetite (SNAQ), handgrip strength (Jamar), muscle mass (BIA), mobility (DEMMI), and physical performance (SPPB) were assessed within 48 h of admission, at discharge, and at one and three months post-discharge. The course of decreased appetite was analysed by Generalised Estimating Equations. Linear Mixed Model was used to analyse the associations between decreased appetite and the sarcopenia-related outcomes. Decreased appetite was reported by 51% at hospital admission, 34% at discharge, 28% one month post-discharge, and 17% three months post-discharge. Overall, decreased appetite was associated with lower muscle strength (β = −1.089, p = 0.001), lower mobility skills (β = −3.893, p < 0.001), and lower physical performance (β = −0.706, p < 0.001) but not with muscle mass (β = −0.023, p = 0.920). In conclusion, decreased appetite was highly prevalent among acute hospitalized older adults and remained prevalent, although less, after discharge. Decreased appetite was significantly associated with negative sarcopenia-related outcomes, which underlines the need for assessment and monitoring of decreased appetite during and post hospitalization.

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Templeman, Iain, Harry A. Smith, Jean-Philippe Walhin, Benita Middleton, Javier T. Gonzalez, Leonidas G. Karagounis, Jonathan D. Johnston, and James A. Betts. "Unacylated ghrelin, leptin, and appetite display diurnal rhythmicity in lean adults." Journal of Applied Physiology 130, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 1534–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00920.2020.

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Simultaneous assessment of subjective appetite, unacylated ghrelin, and leptin was carried out over a continuous 37-h protocol for the first time under conditions of controlled light, sleep, and feeding in healthy, lean adults. Rhythms were observed in unacylated ghrelin, leptin, and components of subjective appetite, such as hunger, prospective consumption, and fullness. Concurrent measurement of rhythms in these variables is important to fully understand the temporal relationships between components of appetite as well as the influence of diurnal factors such as sleep, light, and feeding.

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Quimby, Jessica M., Kellyi K. Benson, Stacie C. Summers, Ashlie Saffire, Andrea K. Herndon, Shasha Bai, and Daniel L. Gustafson. "Assessment of compounded transdermal mirtazapine as an appetite stimulant in cats with chronic kidney disease." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22, no. 4 (June 4, 2019): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x19851303.

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Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the appetite stimulation properties of compounded transdermal mirtazapine (CTM) in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods Two sequential double-blind placebo-controlled crossover prospective studies were performed in client-owned cats with stable stage 2 or 3 CKD and a history of decreased appetite. In the first study nine CKD cats were randomized to receive 3.75 mg/0.1 ml CTM gel or placebo on the inner pinna every other day for 3 weeks, then, after a 4 day washout period, the cats were crossed over to the alternate 3 week treatment. In a second study, 10 CKD cats were randomized to receive 1.88 mg/0.1 ml CTM or placebo on the same schedule. Physical examination and serum biochemistry were performed before and after each treatment period, and owners kept daily logs of appetite, activity and eating behaviors. Mirtazapine concentrations in CTM gels and steady-state mirtazapine serum concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Results Administration of both 3.75 mg and 1.88 mg CTM resulted in a statistically significant increase in weight ( P = 0.002 for both), increase in appetite ( P = 0.01 and P = 0.005, respectively), and increase in rate of food consumption ( P = 0.03 and P = 0.008, respectively). No significant difference in activity or vocalization was seen at either dose; however, individual cats experienced excessive meowing. Median weight increase for the 3.75 mg arm was 0.22 kg (range 0.04–0.44 kg), while median weight increase for the 1.88 mg arm was 0.26 kg (range –0.25 to 0.5 kg). Improvement in body condition score was seen in 5/9 cats in the 3.75 mg arm (P = 0.04) and 6/10 cats in the 1.88 mg arm (P = 0.004). Conclusions and relevance CTM increased appetite and resulted in weight gain in CKD cats despite significant inconsistencies in compounding, and may benefit cats in countries where an approved product is not available.

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Freitas, Ana, Gabriela Albuquerque, Cláudia Silva, and Andreia Oliveira. "Appetite-Related Eating Behaviours: An Overview of Assessment Methods, Determinants and Effects on Children’s Weight." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 73, no. 1 (2018): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000489824.

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Identifying the underlying child-eating behaviours that contribute to weight differences across growth has been a constant challenge. This report reviews the various literature approaches for assessing appetite regulation. In doing so, it attempts to understand how appetite control develops and determines the eating habits in early childhood, and its effects on children’s weight status. The interaction between homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms largely explains the appetite regulation process. Homeostatic mechanisms are mediated by the biological need to maintain the body’s energy reserves, increasing the motivation to eat. On the contrary, the hedonic mechanisms are mediated by food reward, increasing the craving for high-palatable foods and triggering the release of dopamine and serotonin. There are many biological methods (plasma measurements of hormones, like leptin, ghrelin and insulin) and behavioural evaluation methods of appetite. The Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire is most commonly used, due to its adequate psychometric properties tested in several population settings. The development of eating behaviours begins in utero, and several determinants may contribute to a decrease in the ability to self-regulate dietary intake. Examples include genetic predisposition, the first taste experiences and the family environment, a key determinant in this process. Several eating behaviours contribute most to childhood obesity. Among them, are the external eating (eating by external stimuli, such as the mere presence of the food or its smell), food restriction (which may potentiate the uninhibited increased intake of the restricted foods) and emotional eating (intake due to emotional variations, especially negative feelings). These eating behaviours have been linked to childhood obesity.

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Yatskevych, I. V. "Risk Tolerance and Appetite Risk of a Startup: Essence and Assessment." Business Inform 2, no. 505 (2020): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-2-458-463.

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Caffry, Eileen W., Harry R. Kissileff, and John C. Thornton. "Assessment of the effects of phenylpropanolamine on appetite and food intake." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 26, no. 2 (February 1987): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(87)90125-0.

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Hudson, Thom. "TRENDS IN ASSESSMENT SCALES AND CRITERION-REFERENCED LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 25 (March 2005): 205–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190505000115.

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Two current developments reflecting a common concern in second/foreign language assessment are the development of: (1) scales for describing language proficiency/ability/performance; and (2) criterion-referenced performance assessments. Both developments are motivated by a perceived need to achieve communicatively transparent test results anchored in observable behaviors. Each of these developments in one way or another is an attempt to recognize the complexity of language in use, the complexity of assessing language ability, and the difficulty in interpreting potential interactions of scale task, trait, text, and ability. They reflect a current appetite for language assessment anchored in the world of functions and events, but also must address how the worlds of functions and events contain non skill-specific and discretely hierarchical variability. As examples of current tests that attempt to use performance criteria, the chapter reviews the Canadian Language Benchmark, the Common European Framework, and the Assessment of Language Performance projects.

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Jeter, Kirby, Siobhan Blackwell, Lucy Burke, David Joyce, Catherine Moran, Emma Victoria Conway, Iseult Cremen, Brenda O'Connor, Pauline Ui Dhuibhir, and Declan Walsh. "Cancer symptom scale preferences: does one size fit all?" BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 8, no. 2 (August 10, 2016): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2015-001018.

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ObjectivesPatients with advanced cancer do not report all symptoms, so assessment is best done systematically. However, for such patients, completion rates of some symptom instruments are <50%. Symptoms can be quantified by various scales including the Categorical Response Scale (CRS), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Patient preferences for CRS, NRS and VAS in symptom assessment and their clinical utility in 3 cancer symptoms: pain, tiredness and appetite loss were determined.MethodsA prospective survey was conducted involving cancer admissions to a 36-bed palliative care unit.Results100 inpatients were recruited, aged 38–93 years (x̅ =71 years; SD=11.6), with median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 2 (range 0–4). VAS was the least preferred measure. 52% of patients choose the same scale for all 3 symptoms and 44% for 2, with 4% choosing a different individual scale per symptom. There was moderate agreement between participant scale preference and observer determined ease of scale completion (loss of appetite: κ=0.36; pain: κ=0.49; tiredness: κ=0.45). Participants preferred CRS for appetite loss (48%) and tiredness (40%) and NRS for pain (44%).ConclusionsVAS was the least favoured scale and should be used cautiously in this population. Most participants had a scale preference with high intrapatient consistency between scales. CRS was preferred for appetite loss and tiredness and NRS for pain. Consideration should be given to individualised cancer symptom assessment according to patient scale preference.

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Pourhassan, Maryam, Nina Babel, Lars Sieske, Timm Henning Westhoff, and Rainer Wirth. "Longitudinal Changes of Cytokines and Appetite in Older Hospitalized Patients." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (July 22, 2021): 2508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082508.

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There are few data on the longitudinal association of cytokine and appetite among older hospitalized patients. We aimed to investigate the impact of the changes of inflammatory cytokines on appetite in older hospitalized patients. A total of 191 patients (mean age 81.3 ± 6.6 years, 64% women) participated in this prospective longitudinal observational study. Appetite was evaluated using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System on admission and after seven days. Serum cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17, IL-18, IL-23 and IL-33, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, TNF-α and MCP-1 were measured both times. No significant differences in the mean serum levels of all the cytokines could be detected overtime in relation to appetite changes, except for IL-18. Appetite significantly deteriorated overtime in patients with increasing IL-18 levels and improved in those without significant changes in IL-18 levels. In a stepwise regression analysis, changes of IL-18 levels were the major independent predictor for the changes of patients’ appetite and explained 4% of the variance, whereas other cytokines and variables, such as age, sex, infection and disease, did not show any impact on appetite changes. We conclude that IL-18 seems to exert a significant impact on appetite in acutely ill older hospitalized patients and should, therefore, be considered as a potential target in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of malnutrition.

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Triador, Lucila, Eloisa Colin-Ramirez, Michelle L. Mackenzie, Emily Tomaszewski, Krishna Shah, Hayley Gulayets, Catherine J. Field, Diana R. Mager, and Andrea M. Haqq. "A two-component pictured-based appetite assessment tool is capable of detecting appetite sensations in younger children: A pilot study." Nutrition Research 89 (May 2021): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2021.02.001.

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Naila, Nurun Nahar, Mustafa Mahfuz, Muttaquina Hossain, Michael Arndt, Judd L. Walson, Baitun Nahar, and Tahmeed Ahmed. "Improvement in appetite among stunted children receiving nutritional intervention in Bangladesh: results from a community-based study." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 75, no. 9 (May 27, 2021): 1359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41430-020-00843-9.

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Abstract Background/objectives Stunted children often have poor appetite, which may limit their response to nutritional interventions. We investigated the effect of a nutritional intervention on the appetite status of stunted children. Methods A longitudinal prospective intervention study was conducted with 50 stunted (length for age; LAZ < −2) (age and sex matched) aged 12–18 months and their mothers in Bauniabadh slum of Dhaka city. The stunted children received the following intervention package: one boiled egg and 150 ml milk daily 6 days a week for 3 months; psychosocial stimulation including structured play activities and parental counseling for 6 months; routine clinical care. Appetite status was measured using an interview-based tool “Early Childhood Appetite and Satiety Tool.” Results Over the period of nutritional intervention, the mean appetite score increased from 49 to 60 in the stunted children and was associated with increased food consumption. Over the intervention period, both egg and milk consumption increased (40.3–49.6 g and 83.8–138.5 ml, respectively). Conclusions Assessment of appetite status using EACST appears to be a useful tool for monitoring a nutritional intervention in stunted children. This tool may be useful for programs in managing child stunting in low-income countries and an important way to assess the efficacy of a nutritional intervention in these children.

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Taani, Murad, and Adam Plotkin. "Factors Associated With Food Intake, Nutritional Status, and Function Among Nursing Home Residents With Dementia." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.588.

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Abstract Declined food intake is prevalent among long-term care (LTC) residents with dementia and associated with deleterious health outcomes. This study explores food intake, nutritional status, and function and its associated factors in LTC residents with dementia. Data from 82 LTC residents with dementia were used in this secondary analysis. In the primary study, appetite was assessed using the Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ). Dementia level, comorbidity, agitation, pain, mood, food intake, nutritional status, and function variables were extracted from the electronic medical record, including the most recent Minimum Data Set (version 3.0) assessment. The majority of residents were either malnourished or at risk of being malnourished and demonstrated a worse appetite than previously described in the literature. Comorbid illness, depressed mood, and appetite were associated with 37.1% of the variance in food intake over 30 days. Dementia level and appetite were associated with 22.2% of the variance in nutritional status. Food intake and nutritional status were associated with 29.1% of the variance in function. This study also highlights a new demographic that may require extra assistance in combating declined food intake: LTC residents with dementia who reside in a facility that follows restrictive food practices such as a kosher diet. The potential reversibility of factors associated with food intake and nutritional status provides opportunities for intervention.

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Chow, Lydia D., Patrick Cotogno, Emma M. Ernst, Charlotte Manogue, Elisa M. Ledet, and Oliver Sartor. "Taste and prostate cancer: Preliminary data on a novel patient-reported outcomes." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.6_suppl.201.

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201 Background: Taste alterations are a common yet frequently under-assessed problem in cancer patients. Health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) instruments for prostate cancer (PCa) patients (pts) do not assess taste despite these hypothetically being related to both appetite and weight loss. Herein we begin to assess taste using a novel instrument evaluating taste alterations with a focus on PCa. Methods: 61 PCa pts treated at Tulane Cancer Center were enrolled in this prospective study. An 18-item questionnaire assessed appetite, taste, smell, and diet. 127 questionnaires were completed (mean 2.1 responses/pt). In a subset of questionnaires, we compared self-reported taste, appetite, and weight loss over a 6-month period. In another subset, we compared taste and appetite to treatments with abiraterone, docetaxel, or enzalutamide. Non-parametric testing was performed. Results: Of the 61 participants with PCa, 18.0% reported poor taste, 17.1% reported poor appetite, and 6.6% reported nausea while eating. When asked to assess to what extent this was a perceived problem, 16.4% rated taste, 13.1% rated nausea, and 16.4% rated appetite as a “moderate” or “big” problem. Men with poor or very poor taste (1 or 2 on a 5 point Likert scale) had a significant association with poor appetite (OR = 7.9, P = 0.0002). There was no direct relationship observed between taste and weight loss. The population with poor appetite was more likely (OR = 21.25, P < 0.0001) to have had ≥ 5% weight loss as compared to those without a poor appetite. Those reporting at least some nausea were also (OR = 8.645, P = 0.0007) more likely to have ≥ 5% weight loss. In the treatment subset, pts on docetaxel at time of survey were 15.17 fold more likely to have poor taste as compared to those on abiraterone (p = 0.0145). Conclusions: We observed that perceived problems with taste were associated with loss of appetite which in turn was associated with weight loss. Weight loss is a known adverse prognostic factor in pts with advanced PCa. Further studies are warranted on this important patient-centric assessment.

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Spexoto, Maria Claudia Bernardes, Sergio Vicente Serrano, Vanessa Halliday, João Maroco, Andrew Wilcock, and Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos. "Cross-cultural psychometric assessment of an appetite questionnaire for patients with cancer." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 40, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0093.

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Abstract Objective To evaluate the psychometric properties, along with cross-cultural invariance analysis, of the Cancer Appetite and Symptom Questionnaire (CASQ). Method Data from 555 United Kingdom (UK) cancer patients were used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the CASQ. Construct validity was assessed through factorial and convergent validity. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis using as indices the chi-square ratio by degrees of freedom (χ2/df), the comparative fit index (CFI), the goodness of fit index (GFI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Convergent validity was estimated by the items’ average variance extracted (AVE). Reliability was estimated by composite reliability and internal consistency. Factorial invariance analysis of the CASQ was evaluated by multigroup analysis (∆χ2) using the UK and Brazilian samples. Results All items showed adequate psychometric sensitivity in the UK sample. One item was removed and four correlations were included between errors with an appropriate fit of the model (χ2/df = 2.674, CFI = 0.966, GFI = 0.964, RMSEA = 0.055). The reliability of the CASQ was adequate and the convergent validity was low. The factorial structure of the CASQ differed across countries, and a lack of measurement invariance for the two countries was observed (λ: ∆χ2 = 64.008, p < 0.001; i: ∆χ2 = 3515.047, p < 0.001; Res: ∆χ2 = 4452.504, p < 0.001). Conclusion The CASQ showed adequate psychometric properties in the UK sample. The ability to estimate loss of appetite and the presence of symptoms was different between UK and Brazilian patients.

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O'Connor, Brenda, Kirby Jeter, Siobhan Blackwell, Lucy Burke, Emma Victoria Conway, Catherine Moran, Iseult Cremen, Pauline Ui Dhuibhir, David Joyce, and Declan Walsh. "Cancer symptom scale preference: One size to fit all?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 29_suppl (October 10, 2015): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.29_suppl.69.

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69 Background: Systematic assessment in cancer is conducted by a variety of instruments. Such assessment is important as comprehensive instruments detect more symptoms than casual clinical evaluation. In choosing assessment scales for polysymptomatic cancer patients one must consider the burden of assessment to ensure satisfactory completion rates. This study investigated patient preference and clinical utility of symptom assessment scales. Methods: A prospective survey was conducted in an Irish palliative medicine inpatient unit.Consecutive cancer admissions were recruited within 7 days. Patients’ preferences were elicited with regards to 3 symptom assessment scales; categorical response (CRS), numerical rating (NRS), and visual analogue (VAS), across 3 common symptoms; appetite loss, pain, and tiredness. Participants selected their preferred scale per symptom. We determined the clinical utility of each scale, defined by ease of completion as judged by an observer. Results: 100 participants wererecruited,aged 38-93 years (x̅ = 71 years; SD=11.6). Median European Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score was 2 (range 0-4). Participants preferred CRS for appetite loss (48%) and tiredness (40%), and NRS for pain (44%). VAS was consistently the least preferred measure. Scale preference was fully consistent across symptoms for 52% of patients, with just 4% choosing a different scale per symptom. There was moderate agreement between participant scale preference and ease of completion as determined by observer (Pain: K=0.486; Fatigue: K=0.452; Appetite loss K=0.364). Conclusions: (1) Most participants had a specific scale preference which was consistent across symptoms, (2) CRS was preferred overall, (3) Participants did not need to experience a symptom to have a preference, (4) VAS should be used with caution in hospice clinical care or research, (4) Symptom assessment scales should be carefully selected for clinical and research purposes.

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Erdamar, Husamettin, and Muzaffer Cakmak. "Effect of One Unit Blood Donation on Appetite-Related Biomarkers." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 39, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v39i6.27509.

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Purpose: It is commonly reported that blood donation (BD) leads to an increase in appetite. To investigate this claim, a questionnaire was offered to 306 people who had a history of BD at least once in their life. Following a positive outcome from the questionnaire, we further investigated the impact of BD on appetite. Materials and Methods: The questionnaire study consists of a 5-question survey with VAS was performed on 399 volunteers. Later, 108 volunteers were enrolled in a laboratory study. Blood samples were withdrawn before and after BD. Leptin, ghrelin, neuropeptide-Y (NPY), and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) levels were measured by ELISA kits. VAS assessment was also performed on all participants before and after BD. Results: There was a significant decrease in the level of leptin but the levels of ghrelin, NPY and α-MSH were unchanged. A significant change in VAS value in terms of appetite was also observed. Conclusion: The elevation of appetite after BD is predominantly psychological. Hormonal changes may contribute to the control of hypothalamic hunger and satiety centers.

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Atef Abdelsattar Ibrahim, Hoda, Rasha Abdel-Raouf, Ahmed S. Zeid, Eman H. Elsebaie, Shaimaa Abdalaleem, Aya A. Amin, and Hanna Aboulghar. "Development of a simple and valid nutrition screening tool for pediatric hospitalized patients with acute illness." F1000Research 10 (March 3, 2021): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51186.1.

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Background: Nutritional screening, intervention and assessment in patients with undernutrition are key components of any nutritional care. The goal of any nutritional assessment is to determine the specific nutritional risk(s). Presently, there are no guidelines on any ideal screening tool to be used on admission for identification of children that are at risk of developing malnutrition during their hospital stay. The objective of the study was to develop a valid and simple nutritional screening tool which can be used on hospital admission to identify pediatric patients at risk of malnutrition. Methods: This study was cross sectional analytical that enrolled children (n:161) admitted with acute illness to the general wards at Cairo University Children Hospitals (CUCH). The answers to the developed questionnaire were compared to the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), those with high accuracy (≥80%) were used for validity with anthropometric measures. Results: In the ‘less than two years of age’ group, the simple and valid nutritional screening tools were the following questions: (Is there a problem during breast-feeding?), (Is there scanty breast milk?), (Is there appetite loss?). The simple and valid nutritional screening tools during the ‘early childhood’ group were the following questions: (Is there appetite loss?), (Is there any skipping of meals?), (Are they watching TV, videotapes and/or playing computer games for more than two hours/day?). The simple and valid nutritional screening tools during the ‘late childhood’ group were the following questions: (Is there appetite loss?), (Are they watching TV, videotapes and/or playing computer games for more than two hours/day?). Conclusion: The simple and valid nutritional screening tools differ according to age groups. The one which is valid in all ages is the question about the appetite loss.

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Bellissimo, Nick, Scott G. Thomas, Paul B. Pencharz, Robert C. Goode, and G. Harvey Anderson. "Reproducibility of short-term food intake and subjective appetite scores after a glucose preload, ventilation threshold, and body composition in boys." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 33, no. 2 (April 2008): 326–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h07-194.

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The objective of these studies was to assess the reproducibility of (i) short-term food intake (FI) and subjective appetite following a glucose preload, (ii) ventilation threshold (VT) and subjective appetite after short-duration exercise, and (iii) body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance (BIA). On two separate weekend mornings, boys (n = 11; aged 9–14 years) received drinks containing 50 g glucose made up to 250 mL with water 2 h after a standardized breakfast. FI from a pizza meal was measured 30 min later. Subjective appetite was measured before and after the glucose loads and the VT measures. VTs were measured on 2 weekday evenings, 1 week apart. BIA was measured during the FI assessment sessions. Short-term FI after the glucose preload was highly reproducible. Mean energy intake was 925 ± 139 kcal on the first day and 988 ± 147 kcal on the second day (coefficient of repeatability (CR) = 259 kcal; intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.96). Moderate reproducibility of the average appetite score was found at 30 min (CR = 24 mm; ICC = 0.82). Subjective appetite was increased similarly by short-duration exercise on both days (CR = 19 mm). Absolute VT was more highly reproducible (CR = 359 mL O2·min–1, ICC = 0.85) than VT expressed on the basis of body weight (CR = 8.0 mL O2·kg–1·min–1, ICC = 0.59). Fat mass (FM) estimated from BIA was highly reproducible (CR = 2.7 kg, ICC = 0.95), but underestimated FM compared with skinfolds. In conclusion, FI and subjective appetite scores in response to glucose preloads, VT, subjective appetite after short-duration exercise, and estimates of FM from BIA are reproducible in boys.

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Drapeau, Vicky, John Blundell, Fanny Therrien, Claire Lawton, Denis Richard, and Angelo Tremblay. "Appetite sensations as a marker of overall intake." British Journal of Nutrition 93, no. 2 (February 2005): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041312.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of appetite sensations to characterize individual overall energy intake. A group of men (n 28) and women (n 23) was recruited to record their ‘desire to eat’, ‘hunger’, ‘fullness’ and ‘prospective food consumption’ (PFC) on visual analogue scales before a standardized meal test, immediately after and every 10 min for a period of 1 h after the meal. The 1 h post-meal area under the curve (1 h AUC) and the satiety quotient (SQ) were calculated for all appetite sensations. In a second visit, all participants were invited to eat three meals in order to measure total energy intake (TEI) and food preferences. Metabolic rate (MR) was also assessed to derive daily relative energy intake (REI) by subtracting this variable from TEI (TEI−MR=REI). The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire scores were also calculated for all participants. One h AUC for fullness was the appetite sensation most strongly associated with TEI and REI (r−0·42, P≤0·003 and r−0·32, P≤0·05, respectively). SQ for fullness was the only predictor of TEI and REI (r−0·42, P≤0·0003 and r−0·30, P≤0·05, respectively). Restraint, disinhibition and hunger scores were not associated with appetite sensation variables. These results suggest that the fullness dimension seems to be a useful appetite sensation to predict long-term TEI and REI. Thus, assessment of appetite sensation such as fullness in response to a fixed load may be useful to evaluate individual overall energy intake.

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Hyland, Kelly, Alyssa L. Fenech, Diane Portman, and Kristine A. Donovan. "Exploring the relationship of self-reported lack of appetite to patient characteristics and symptom burden." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2017): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.31_suppl.187.

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187 Background: Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS) in patients is associated with decreases in lean body mass and body weight. Self-reported lack of appetite may be an important indicator for early identification of CACS. The current analyses examined the relationship of perceived lack of appetite to patient characteristics and overall symptom burden in a large mixed cancer sample referred to a palliative care clinic. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients newly referred to an outpatient palliative care clinic over a two-year period. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics and patient-reported symptom scores on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) were abstracted. Pearson’s correlations and ANOVAs were used to assess relationships between variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the relative contribution of variables that were significantly correlated with lack of appetite at the univariate level. Results: Data on 544 patients ( M=53.7 years) showed that older age (r=12, p<.01), not being married or in a marriage-like relationship (r=.09, p=.04), having insurance other than managed care insurance (r=.10, p=.02), lower body mass index (BMI; r=.11, p<.01), marijuana use (r=.18, p<.0001), and overall symptom burden (ESAS total score r=.52, p < .0001) were associated with worse lack of appetite ( M=3.5, SD=3.1). Patients who were underweight (BMI <18.5, 46.7%) reported significantly worse lack of appetite than patients who were normal weight, overweight, or obese ( M=3.9, SD=3.2, p<.01). The final hierarchical regression model accounted for 34% of the variance in lack of appetite, with age, marital status, BMI, marijuana use, and total symptom burden remaining significant independent correlates (p’ s <.01). Conclusions: Contrary to expectations, relatively few clinical correlates were associated with self-reported lack of appetite. Future research should explore inter-individual genetic factors to explain alterations in lean body mass and body weight that may contribute to poor appetite in patients. Such factors may be important indicators for early identification of CACS.

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Holm, Teresa, André Maier, Paul Wicks, Dirk Lang, Peter Linke, Christoph Münch, Laura Steinfurth, Robert Meyer, and Thomas Meyer. "Severe Loss of Appetite in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients: Online Self-Assessment Study." interactive Journal of Medical Research 2, no. 1 (April 17, 2013): e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/ijmr.2463.

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Tufan, A., G. Bahat Ozturk, C. Kilic, B. Ilhan, S. Muratli, T. S. Akpinar, N. Erten, and M. A. Karan. "P322: Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ): an alternative test for geriatric nutritional assessment." European Geriatric Medicine 5 (September 2014): S183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1878-7649(14)70486-3.

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MacIntyre, Rachel I., Kristin E. Heron, Ross D. Crosby, Scott G. Engel, Stephen A. Wonderlich, and Tyler B. Mason. "Measurement of the influences of social processes in appetite using ecological momentary assessment." Appetite 161 (June 2021): 105126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105126.

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Zabel, Rachel, Susan Ash, Judy Bauer, and Neil King. "Assessment of subjective appetite sensations in hemodialysis patients. Agreement and feasibility between traditional paper and pen and a novel electronic appetite rating system." Appetite 52, no. 2 (April 2009): 525–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2008.10.010.

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Deighton, Kevin, James Frampton, and Javier T. Gonzalez. "Test-meal palatability is associated with overconsumption but better represents preceding changes in appetite in non-obese males." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 5 (August 1, 2016): 935–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516002750.

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AbstractSingle-course,ad libitummeals are recommended for the assessment of energy intake within appetite research. This study represents the first investigation of the comparative sensitivity of two single-course,ad libitummeals designed to differ in palatability. We conducted two experiments using a preload study design. All protocols were identical except for the energy content of the preloads (Expt 1: 579 and 1776 kJ; Expt 2: 828 and 4188 kJ). During each experiment, ten healthy men completed four experimental trials constituting a low- or high-energy preload beverage, a 60-min intermeal interval and consumption of a pasta-based or a porridge-based,ad libitummeal. Appetite ratings were measured throughout each trial, and palatability was assessed after food consumption. Preload manipulation did not influence appetite (P=0·791) or energy intake (P=0·561) in Expt 1. Palatability and energy intake were higher for the pasta meal than for the porridge meal in both experiments (palatabilityP≤0·002; energy intakeP≤0·001). In Expt 2, consumption of the high-energy preload decreased appetite (P=0·051) and energy intake (P=0·002). Energy compensation was not significantly different between pasta and porridge meals (P=0·172), but was more strongly correlated with preceding changes in appetite at the pasta meal (r−0·758;P=0·011) than the porridge meal (r−0·498;P=0·143). The provision of a highly palatable, pasta-based meal produced energy intakes that were more representative of preceding appetite ratings, but the moderately palatable, porridge-based meal produced more ecologically valid energy intakes.Ad libitummeal selection and design may require a compromise between sensitivity and ecological validity.

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Karapetyan, L. V. "PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF PROFESSIONAL SUCCESS OF RESCUERS OF EMERCOM OF RUSSIA." Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, no. 3 (October 15, 2019): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2019-0-3-106-115.

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Relevance. Professional activities of rescuers not only involve a risk to their own lives, but also implies a high degree of responsibility for the lives and health of people affected by emergencies and accidents. Professional success and effectiveness of these specialists determine the outcome of rescue, search and other urgent activities. In this regard, determinants of professional effectiveness in rescuers need special attention and in depth study.Intention. To investigate the psychological determinants of professional success of rescuers.Methodology. The study involved 55 male rescuers aged 20 to 60 years, with different levels of education (from secondary professional to higher). Self assessment of the success of rescuers was determined by a 7 point scale via the question: “Do you consider yourself successful?” (7 – definitely Yes; 6 – Yes; 5 – rather Yes; 4 – hard to say, 50% to 50%; 3 – rather No; 2 – No; 1 – definitely No). Expert assessments of professional success were also performed. Psychological determinants of success were studied using psychodiagnostic techniques: “Socio psychological adaptation” by K. Rogers and R. Diamond, “Professional burnout” by K. Maslach, a questionnaire to identify risk appetite by G. Schubert, the test of resilience by S. Muddy, the scale of psychological well being by K. Ryff.Results and Discussion. With the help of cluster analysis of self assessments, the sample of rescuers is divided into groups with high, medium and low professional success. According to the correlation analysis, external and internal evaluations of success significantly correlated only in the group of rescuers with low self assessment of success. At the same time, expert assessments showed a negative trend, decreasing from a group with high to a group with professional success. Indicators of social and psychological adaptation, risk appetite, psychological well being and resilience also show negative trends. Meanwhile, indicators of professional burnout show positive trends and increase from the group with high professional success to the group with low professional success.Conclusion. Psychological traits, such as adaptability, resilience, psychological well being, risk appetite, resistance to professional burnout are the determinants of the success of rescuers and can be used as specific targets for psychological support of personnel of rescue units to improve their professional effectiveness.

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Kaluzna-Oleksy, Marta, Filip Sawczak, Agata Kukfisz, Magdalena Szczechla, Helena Krysztofiak, Marta Wleklik, Katarzyna Przytarska, et al. "Appetite and Nutritional Status as Potential Management Targets in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction—The Relationship between Echocardiographic and Biochemical Parameters and Appetite." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11070639.

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This study aimed to investigate the role of appetite loss and malnutrition in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In this prospective, observational, single-center study, we enrolled 120 consecutive adults with HFrEF. We analyzed the selected clinical, echocardiographic, and biochemical parameters. Appetite loss and malnutrition were assessed by CNAQ (Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire) and MNA (Mini Nutritional Assessment)/GNRI (Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index) questionnaires, respectively.Most patients were men (81.7%), mean age was 55.1 ± 11.3 years, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 23.9 ± 8.0%. The mean CNAQ score was 28.8 ± 3.9, mean MNA—23.1 ± 2.6, and mean GNRI—113.0 ± 12.3. Based on ROC curves, we showed that a sodium concentration <138 mmol/L had the greatest discriminating power for diagnosing impaired nutritional status (MNA ≤ 23.5) with a sensitivity of 54.5% and specificity of 77.8%. The threshold of HDL <0.97 mmol/L characterized 40.7% sensitivity and 86% specificity, B-type natriuretic peptide >738.6 pg/dL had 48.5% sensitivity and 80.8% specificity, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein >1.8 mg/L had 94.9% sensitivity and 42.9% specificity, and bilirubin >15 µmol/L had 78.2% sensitivity and 56.9% specificity. Nutritional status and appetite assessed by MNA/GNRI and CNAQ questionnaires showed poor correlations with other findings in HFrEF patients.

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Kako, Jun, Masamitsu Kobayashi, Yusuke Kanno, Asao Ogawa, Tomofumi Miura, and Yoshihisa Matsumoto. "The Optimal Cutoff Point for Expressing Revised Edmonton Symptom Assessment System Scores as Binary Data Indicating the Presence or Absence of Symptoms." American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 35, no. 11 (May 7, 2018): 1390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049909118775660.

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Context: Terminally ill patients with cancer experience various physical and emotional symptoms that have a negative impact on quality of life and activities of daily living. Recently, revised Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS-r) scores have been proposed for assessing symptoms in terminally ill patients with cancer. Objective: To determine the optimal cutoff point for expressing ESAS-r scores as binary data, indicating the presence or absence of symptoms. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients hospitalized in the palliative care unit of our hospital between September 1, 2014 and May 31, 2015. To determine the optimal cutoff point for expressing ESAS-r scores as binary data, indicating the presence or absence of 6 physical symptoms (“pain,” “tiredness,” “drowsiness,” “nausea,” “lack of appetite,” and “dyspnea”), the sensitivity and specificity of each measurement were calculated. Cutoff points were estimated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: Data from 157 patients who performed the self-assessment in ESAS-r scores were analyzed. The mean age was 66.5 years. Approximately 60.0% of patients were male. The optimal cutoff point for pain, tiredness, drowsiness, nausea, lack of appetite, and dyspnea was 4, 4, 4, 2, 5, and 4, respectively. The area under the curve for tiredness, nausea, and dyspnea was >0.70, followed in order by pain, lack of appetite, and drowsiness. The area under the curve for drowsiness was 0.55. Conclusion: Our results suggest that physical symptoms other than drowsiness could potentially predict ESAS-r score severity.

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Tiekou Lorinczova, Helena, Sanjoy Deb, Gulshanara Begum, Derek Renshaw, and Mohammed Gulrez Zariwala. "Comparative Assessment of the Acute Effects of Whey, Rice and Potato Protein Isolate Intake on Markers of Glycaemic Regulation and Appetite in Healthy Males Using a Randomised Study Design." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 2157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072157.

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Global protein consumption has been increasing for decades due to changes in demographics and consumer shifts towards higher protein intake to gain health benefits in performance nutrition and appetite regulation. Plant-derived proteins may provide a more environmentally sustainable alternative to animal-derived proteins. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate, for the first time, the acute effects on glycaemic indices, gut hormones, and subjective appetite ratings of two high-quality, plant-derived protein isolates (potato and rice), in comparison to a whey protein isolate in a single-blind, triple-crossover design study with nine male participants (30.8 ± 9.3 yrs). Following a 12 h overnight fast, participants consumed an equal volume of the three isocaloric protein shakes on different days, with at least a one-week washout period. Glycaemic indices and gut hormones were measured at baseline, then at 30, 60, 120, 180 min at each visit. Subjective palatability and appetite ratings were measured using visual analogue scales (VAS) over the 3 h, at each visit. This data showed significant differences in insulin secretion with an increase in whey (+141.8 ± 35.1 pmol/L; p = 0.011) and rice (−64.4 ± 20.9 pmol/L; p = 0.046) at 30 min compared to potato protein. A significantly larger total incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was observed with whey versus potato and rice with p < 0.001 and p = 0.010, respectively. There was no significant difference observed in average appetite perception between the different proteins. In conclusion, this study suggests that both plant-derived proteins had a lower insulinaemic response and improved glucose maintenance compared to whey protein.

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Roberts, Carl A., Gerry Jager, Paul Christiansen, and Tim C. Kirkham. "Exploring the munchies: An online survey of users’ experiences of cannabis effects on appetite and the development of a Cannabinoid Eating Experience Questionnaire." Journal of Psychopharmacology 33, no. 9 (July 26, 2019): 1149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881119862526.

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Background: Cannabis intoxication is commonly reported to increase appetite and enhance appreciation of food (the ‘munchies’). These effects are attributed to activation of the endocannabinoid system. However, the psychological changes that underlie these phenomena are under-researched. We report here the results of an extensive online survey of cannabis users with an exploratory Cannabinoid Eating Experience Questionnaire (CEEQ). Method: Frequent cannabis users completed a 46-item questionnaire about their eating behaviour under the influence of cannabis. An English-speaking sample ( n=591) provided data for the initial exploratory validation of the scale. A second Dutch-language survey ( n=163) was used for confirmatory factor analysis. Test-retest reliability was based on a third English-speaking sample ( n=40) who completed the revised, 28-item CEEQ twice across 2 weeks. Results: Principal components analysis provided a two-factor solution. Factor 1 (hedonic) comprised 14 items that related primarily to the enjoyment and altered sensory aspects of eating. Factor 2 (appetitive) comprised a further 14 items related to motivational factors that instigate or promote eating. The two-factor structure was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. Both the hedonic and appetitive subscales had good internal reliability (α=0.92 for each subscale, in two independent samples). Good test-retest reliability was obtained for the revised 28-item questionnaire ( ps<.01 for Total CEEQ and each subscale). Conclusion: The Cannabinoid Eating Experience Questionnaire provided a valid, reliable assessment of the psychological features of cannabis-induced alterations to appetite. Our data confirm that cannabis principally influences the motivational factors that lead to the initiation of eating and the hedonic factors implicated in maintaining eating.

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Hveem, K., K. L. Jones, B. E. Chatterton, and M. Horowitz. "Scintigraphic measurement of gastric emptying and ultrasonographic assessment of antral area: relation to appetite." Gut 38, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 816–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.38.6.816.

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Lin, Jiang. "A light diet for a giant appetite: An assessment of China's fluorescent lamp standard." Energy 30, no. 10 (July 2005): 1873–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2004.09.008.

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Wei, Dan, Encai Bao, Yanci Wen, Songming Zhu, Zhangying Ye, and Jian Zhao. "Behavioral spatial-temporal characteristics-based appetite assessment for fish school in recirculating aquaculture systems." Aquaculture 545 (December 2021): 737215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737215.

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McNeil, Jessica, Mohamed M. Mamlouk, Karine Duval, Alexander Schwartz, Nelson Nardo Junior, and Éric Doucet. "Alterations in Metabolic Profile Occur in Normal-Weight and Obese Men during the Ramadan Fast Despite No Changes in Anthropometry." Journal of Obesity 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/482547.

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We examined the variations in eating behavior, appetite ratings, satiety efficiency, energy expenditure, anthropometric and metabolic profile markers prior to, during as well as 1 and 4 months after Ramadan in normal-weight and obese men. Anthropometric, energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry and accelerometry), metabolic (fasting blood sample), appetite (visual analogue scales), and eating behavior (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire) measurements were performed in 10 normal-weight (age: 25.2 ± 4.7 years; BMI: 24.4 ± 1.9 kg/m2) and 10 obese (age: 27.0 ± 4.5 years; BMI: 34.8 ± 3.7 kg/m2) men. The satiety quotient (SQ) was calculated 180 minutes after breakfast consumption. All anthropometric variables, as well as resting and total energy expenditure, were greater in obese compared to normal-weight participants (P = 0.02–0.0001). Similarly, obese participants had greater triglycerides, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance concentrations (P = 0.02–0.002). Greater apolipoprotein B, glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein concentrations were noted during Ramadan (P = 0.04–0.0001). Dietary restraint scores were also greater during Ramadan (P=0.0001). No differences in anthropometry, other metabolic profile markers, energy expenditure, appetite ratings, and SQ were noted across sessions. Lastly, changes in anthropometric measurements correlated with delta metabolic profile markers, as well as changes in disinhibition eating behavior trait and dietary restraint scores. The Ramadan fast led to increases in certain metabolic profile markers despite no changes in appetite and anthropometry.

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Kashaeva, Aliya, Shamil Shakirov, Firaya Akhmetzyanova, and Damir Khairullin. "Toxicological safety assessment of ZeolFat energy feed additive." BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700086.

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Development of inexpensive and environmentally friendly feed additives based on waste from the food industry and expired products as energy sources for animals is of current relevance and high demand. The study aimed to test the toxicological safety of ZeolFat energy feed additive (EFA) on laboratory animals. The tests on white rats showed that ZeolFat EFA is a low-toxic feed product with no cumulative properties revealed. The animals exhibited satisfactory physical state and a good appetite during experimental feeding. They were active, and their response to external stimuli remained similar to that before EFA introduction. ZeolFat EFA had a stimulating effect on carbohydrate and lipid, and mineral metabolism in rats, thereby ensuring a high increase in their live weight.

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Marshall, Alasdair, Udechukwu Ojiako, and Maxwell Chipulu. "A futility, perversity and jeopardy critique of “risk appetite”." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 27, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-06-2017-1175.

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Purpose Risk appetite is widely accepted as a guiding metaphor for strategic risk management, yet metaphors for complex practice are hard to critique. This paper aims to apply an analytical framework comprising three categories of flaw – futility, perversity and jeopardy – to critically explore the risk appetite metaphor. Taking stock of management literature emphasising the need for metaphor to give ideation to complex management challenges and activities and recognising the need for high-level metaphor within strategic risk management in particular, the authors propose a means to scrutinise the risk appetite metaphor and thereby illustrate its use for further management metaphors. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply a structured analytical perspective designed to scrutinise conceivably any purportedly progressive social measure. The three flaw categories are used to warn that organisational risk appetite specifications can be: futile vis-a-vis their goals, productive of perverse outcomes with respect to these goals and so misleading about the true potential for risk management as to jeopardise superior alternative use of risk management resource. These flaw categories are used to structure a critical review of the risk appetite metaphor, which moves towards identifying its most fundamental flaws. Findings Two closely interrelated antecedents to flaws discussed within the three flaw categories are proposed: first, false confidence in organisational risk assessment and, second, organisational blindness towards contributions of behavioural risk-taking to true organisational risk exposure. A theory of high (over-optimistic, excessive or inappropriate) risk-taking organisations explores flaws within the three flaw categories with reference to these antecedents under organisational-cultural circumstances where the risk appetite metaphor is most needed and yet most problematic. Originality/value The paper is highly original in its representation of risk management as an organisational practice reliant on metaphor and in proposing a structured means to challenge it as a dominant guiding metaphor where it has gained widespread uncritical acceptance. The discussion is also innovative in its representation of high risk-taking organisations as likely to harbour strong managerial motives, aptitudes and capacities for covert and illicit forms of risk-taking which, being subversive and sometimes reactionary towards risk appetite specifications, may cause particularly serious futility, perversity and jeopardy problems. To conclude, the theory and its implications are summarised for practitioner and educational use.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Appetite assessment'

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