Journal articles on the topic 'Apperly'
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Christensen, Wayne, and John Michael. "Ian Apperly, Mindreaders: the cognitive basis of theory of mind." Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 12, no. 4 (December 13, 2012): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11097-012-9292-9.
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TANTUCCI, Vittorio. "From Co-Actionality to Extended Intersubjectivity: Drawing on Language Change and Ontogenetic Development." Applied Linguistics 41, no. 2 (November 28, 2018): 185–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/applin/amy050.
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Abstract This article combines research results centred on theory of mind (ToM) from cognitive and developmental psychology (Goldman 2006; Apperly 2010; Wilkinson and Ball 2012) with the notion of intersubjectivity in usage-based linguistics (i.a. Verhagen 2005; Nuyts 2012; Traugott 2012). It identifies some of the controversies in the literature from both domains and suggests the desiderata for a hybrid approach to intersubjectivity, which is distinctively designed to tackle applied research in social and cognitive sciences. This model is based on a mismatch between interaction as mere ‘co-action’ vs. interaction as spontaneously communicated awareness of an(other) mind(s). It provides a case study centred on the first language acquisition of pre-nominal usage of this/that and such. From, respectively, a distinctive collexeme (Gries and Stefanowitsch 2004) and behavioural profile analysis (Gries 2010) will emerge that beyond expressions of joint attention, children’s ToM ability progressively underpins ‘ad-hoc’ generalized instantiations based on extended intersubjectivity, viz. the socio-cognitive skill to problematize what a general persona would act, feel, or think in a specific context.
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Fatoni, Uwes, and Enjang Tedi. "Dakwah Literasi Ustadz Giovani Van Rega: Analisis Imbauan Pesan Dakwah." Jurnal Komunikasi Islam 7, no. 2 (July 19, 2018): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/jki.2017.7.2.209-225.
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This article aims to find out how communication (proselytizing) message appeals in the literacy proselytizing of Ustadz Giovani Van Rega. Using a descriptive qualitative method, this study has revealed that the message appeals used by Ustadz Rega are rational message appeals, appeals of fear, appeal for rewards, and motivational appeals. Ustadz Rega is considered using a rational appeal because he refers to the Qur'an and hadith. While the appeal of fear clearly understood from his statement that Indonesian Muslim youths Islam will suffer from weak faith, physical, science, and weak creativity if they are illiterate. The proposition of the appeal of reward is the more a Muslim well literate, the more honorable he is. Whilts the motivational appeal refers to his that the dakwah of literacy is a necessity in order to be able to conquer the world.
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McCormick, Peter. "Sentence Appeals to the Alberta Court of Appeal, 1985-1992 - A Statistical Analysis of the Laycraft Court." Alberta Law Review 31, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr1191.
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The author discusses areas of interest revealed by a statistical analysis of sentence appeals in the Alberta Court of Appeal during the Laycraft period. First he notes the uniqueness of the Alberta Court of Appeal among other Canadian appellate courts, Alberta having a larger amount of sentence appeals than any other jurisdiction. He then goes on to analyze appeals by type of offence, panel composition, the origin of the appeal, and other factors, in each revealing some surprising relationships. In particular, several myths about judicial sentencing are shown to lack statistical support.
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Netolitzky, Donald J., and Richard Warman. "As the Water Grinds the Stone: Comparison of Represented and Self-represented Appellant Populations in the Federal Court of Appeal." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 37, no. 1 (May 16, 2022): 206–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v37i1.7195.
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This article reports a quantitative and statistically reliable population investigation of 552 Federal Court of Appeal proceedings that were appeals by represented and self-represented appellants who, in 2016 or 2017, appealed decisions of the Federal Court or Tax Court of Canada. Appeals by the Crown, non-Crown represented appellants, and self-represented appellants exhibited markedly different frequencies at which appeals were granted, and patterns for how appeals were terminated. Nearly half of Crown appeals were granted, but less than one in twenty self-represented appellants had any degree of success. While 70% of appeals conducted by lawyers completed the appeal process, less than 40% of self-represented appellant proceedings resulted in a full appeal panel hearing. Incomplete appeals by self-represented appellants usually terminated prior to the appeal record stage, and typically were either abandoned or discontinued. The time required to complete appeals for represented and self-represented appellants is similar. The high observed frequency of problematic litigation records for self-represented appellants supports the hypothesis that a “Distillation Effect” is concentrating abusive litigants in appellate forums.
High resolution investigation of self-represented appellant subgroups revealed differences within the overall self-represented appellant population. Self-represented appellants emerging from the Federal Court and Tax Court of Canada are different populations. The former were much more likely to have an abusive litigation history, while the latter voluntarily discontinued appeals, and were never subject to Federal Court of Appeal vexatious litigant management steps. Self-represented appellant proceedings that terminated prematurely or that were conducted by persons who are subject to court access restrictions had significantly more filed documents and docket records. Litigation management steps did not reduce the Registry and Court workload resulting from self-represented appellants subject to court access restrictions. These observations challenge modelling self-represented litigants as a single population with uniform characteristics.
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Livingstone, Heidi, and Maria Pitan. "PD53 Improving Patient Involvement In The National Institute For Health And Care Excellence’s Appeals Process." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 38, S1 (December 2022): S110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462322003129.
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IntroductionInvolving patients in the health technology assessment (HTA) lifecycle is a core principle at the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) that helps build public confidence in healthcare decision-making. The last stage in this lifecycle is an appeal whereby stakeholders, including patient organizations, can appeal against the HTA committee’s decision based on two specific grounds: (i) the committee has failed to act fairly or NICE has exceeded its powers; and (ii) the recommendation is unreasonable considering the evidence submitted to NICE. Improving patient involvement in the appeals process was identified as a key area from consultative work undertaken with patient organizations in 2019.MethodsIn September 2020, surveys were sent to patient organizations for their feedback. The organizations received a survey tailored to their circumstances in relation to the following four outcomes.(i)An appeal was lodged that: (a) resulted in an appeal hearing; or (b) did not result in an appeal hearing.(ii)An appeal was not lodged but the organization had received: (a) negative guidance; or (b) ‘optimized’ guidance.ResultsSixteen responses were received across the four surveys. The key findings in priority order were as follows.(i)The legalist nature of appeal hearings is off-putting.(ii)The online appeals guide and template letter are not easy to use.(iii)Organizations would like more information on appeal hearings and timelines.(iv)Organizations would like patient-friendly materials and training on par with the support they receive for other HTA participation.ConclusionsAs a result of these findings, we are iteratively developing materials to support patient organizations, including:•a glossary;•a redesigned appeals web page with clearer timelines and a template letter;•a ‘Frequently Asked Questions’ document specifically for patient organizations; and•a video podcast from a lay appeals panel Chair explaining appeals in a patient-friendly way.We are also including a section on appeals in our introductory training for all patient organizations participating in medicines HTAs.
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Gebreselassie, Andinet Worku, and Roger Bougie. "Increasing the effectiveness of advertisements targeting social issues in least developed countries." Journal of Social Marketing 9, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 225–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-01-2018-0001.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the application of advertising variation and repetition strategies in the context of communicating about social issues in least developed countries (LDCs).Design/methodology/approachStudy 1 used a between-subjects experimental study using 106 students which were exposed to either the varied advertising condition (a negative appeal followed by a positive appeal or vice versa) or repetition condition (two negative appeals). In Study 2, a total of 111 students from Tilburg University and 95 students from Addis Ababa University participated in the study. A random ordering of experimental envelopes assigned the students to one of the following message order conditions (negative appeal–positive appeal, negative appeal–negative appeal, positive appeal–positive appeal and positive appeal–negative appeal).FindingsStudy 1 shows that for many social issues, an advertising variation strategy (a negative appeal followed by a positive appeal) is more effective than an advertising repetition strategy (two negative appeals) in terms of recall. Study 2 builds on these findings by differentiating between taboo and non-taboo issues. This distinction is important because many social issues, such as HIV, domestic violence and child abuse, for instance, are taboo in LDCs. Interestingly, the findings of Study 1 are reproduced for non-taboo issues but not for taboo issues. If an issue is a conversational taboo in a certain culture, then an advertising repetition strategy that only uses positive appeals is more effective than an advertising variation strategy.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of students as participants may be a limitation of both studies. Because the reactions of students to specific message appeals may be age-related, concerns regarding the generalizability of the findings are justified.Originality/valueOverall, the results of this paper provide useful information to social advertisers on when and how to use different types of advertising strategies in LDCs.
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Schuetz, Sebastian W., Paul Benjamin Lowry, Daniel A. Pienta, and Jason Bennett Thatcher. "Improving the Design of Information Security Messages by Leveraging the Effects of Temporal Distance and Argument Nature." Journal of the Association for Information Systems 22, no. 5 (2021): 1376–428. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00697.
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A substantial amount of previous research has examined the efficacy of fear appeals to elicit security-enhancing behaviors from users. However, despite more than a decade of research on fear appeals in security contexts, researchers have yet to understand which factors drive users’ responses to fear appeals. Instead, the literature is riddled with inconsistent findings on the antecedents that predict fear-appeal outcomes, fueling controversy and inhibiting progress on the problem. This research addresses the inconsistent findings by using construal level theory (CLT) to explain how temporal distance and argument nature affect fear-appeal appraisal. Based on two online experiments, we report evidence showing that temporal distance determines which antecedents drive fear-appeal outcomes, which helps explain inconsistent results found in prior literature. Moreover, we found that depending on the temporal distance condition, argument nature (i.e., “how” or “why” arguments) can impact the effectiveness of fear appeals. Overall, our findings refine the understanding of when certain factors influence users’ responses to fear appeals and provide guidance for future research on how to create more effective fear appeals.
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Yang, Chunming, and Xueyan Shao. "An Evolutionary Game Study on Participants’ Strategies in the Appeal Work of the Express Industry." E3S Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 02083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125302083.
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In response to the outstanding issues such as malicious appeals in the appeal work of China’s express industry at this stage, this paper uses the evolutionary game method to study the evolutionary path and equilibrium strategy of the State Post Bureau, the consumers who filed the appeal and the express companies that received the appeal. This study analyzes the interest relationship of each participants in the process of handling appeals, then puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to regulate the appeal work of the express delivery industry from the perspective of the supervisory department.
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Hockett, Karen S., and Troy E. Hall. "The Effect of Moral and Fear Appeals on Park Visitors’ Beliefs about Feeding Wildlife." Journal of Interpretation Research 12, no. 1 (April 2007): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258720701200102.
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This study tested the effectiveness of two written messages compared to a control condition in changing campers’ beliefs about feeding deer at Shenandoah National Park. Drawing on the Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion, both interventions were designed to promote central route processing. One used research on hazard warnings to present a fear appeal message highlighting risks to visitors, while the other used norm activation theory to develop a moral appeal that focused on impacts to deer. Questionnaires (control n =111, moral appeal n = 115, fear appeal n = 116) assessed level of agreement with belief statements taken from the appeals as well as related statements that would indicate whether message elaboration occurred. The fear appeal increased agreement that deer could cause physical harm to people and appeared to cause elaboration on these messages, but the moral appeal did not strengthen previously held beliefs that feeding harmed the deer. Both appeals reduced self-reported frequencies of deer feeding. Women agreed more strongly with some of the moral appeal statements in all conditions, but the interventions affected men and women equally. Results suggest that fear appeals may be an effective technique for changing beliefs about feeding wildlife.
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Carcioppolo, Nick, Aurora Occa, and Elena V. Chudnovskaya. "When is it OK to Joke? Adding humor to fear-based colonoscopy screening messages may increase compliance." HUMOR 33, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 581–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2018-0057.
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AbstractLarge scale campaigns frequently use humor to increase compliance with colonoscopy screening recommendations. Problematically, we know little about how humor functions to influence screening. This study seeks to understand whether and how messages framed using humor appeals function differently from those using fear appeals to increase colonoscopy intentions. An online experiment (N = 186) was conducted comparing colonoscopy screening messages framed with a fear appeal and mixed humor/fear appeal. The addition of humor was more effective among those with high frequency of cancer worry, whereas the fear appeal resulted in significantly higher response efficacy, which was in turn associated with increased colonoscopy intentions. These results begin to describe situations in which intervention messages framed with a mixed humor/fear appeal may be more or less effective than interventions framed with fear appeals alone. Practical and theoretical implications for persuasive message design are discussed.
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Singh, Dhananjay Kumar, and Joanna Moncrieff. "Trends in mental health review tribunal and hospital managers' hearings in north-east London 1997–2007." Psychiatric Bulletin 33, no. 1 (January 2009): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.107.018606.
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Aims and MethodTo examine trends in appeals to mental health review tribunals and hospital managers' panels in a hospital covering two outer London boroughs from 1997 to 2007. Data were also used to explore associations between demographic variables, including ethnicity, and the results of appeal hearings.ResultsThe number of detentions under Mental Health Act Sections 2, 3 and 37 rose from 203 in 1996 to 279 in 2006. the percentage of these that went to appeal increased from 34% to 81% during the same period. However, there was no observed trend in the result of the appeals. the results were not associated with gender, ethnicity, marital status, age or the section involved; 12% of appeals were successful.Clinical ImplicationsThe study shows rising use of the Mental Health Act over the past 10 years and an increasing volume of appeals against its use. Since appeals are no more likely to result in discharge, the increased use of the Mental Health Act is not balanced by increased rates of discharge by review hearings. the study also demonstrates the rising workload for all involved in appeal hearings.
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White, Katherine, and John Peloza. "Self-Benefit versus Other-Benefit Marketing Appeals: Their Effectiveness in Generating Charitable Support." Journal of Marketing 73, no. 4 (July 2009): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.73.4.109.
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Despite the growing need, nonprofit organization marketers have not yet fully delineated the most effective ways to position charitable appeals. Across five experiments, the authors test the prediction that other-benefit (self-benefit) appeals generate more favorable donation support than self-benefit (other-benefit) appeals in situations that heighten (versus minimize) public self-image concerns. Public accountability, a manipulation of public self-awareness, and individual differences in public self-consciousness all moderate the effect of appeal type on donor support. In particular, self-benefit appeals are more effective when consumers’ responses are private in nature; in contrast, other-benefit appeals are more effective when consumers are publicly accountable for their responses. This effect is moderated by norm salience and is related to a desire to manage impressions by behaving in a manner consistent with normative expectations. The results have important managerial implications, suggesting that rather than simply relying on one type of marketing appeal across situations, marketers should tailor their marketing message to the situation or differentially activate public self-image concerns to match the appeal type.
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Abu Bakar, Noraziah, and Siti Sarah Sulaiman. "A REVISIT ON THE APPEALS HEARD BY THE SELANGOR APPEAL BOARD: IS JUSTICE HEARD A JUSTICE SERVED?" International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 5, no. 18 (March 10, 2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631//ijlgc.518002.
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This study tries to review the roles and functions of the Selangor Appeal Board in disposing of appeal cases registered at the tribunal. It is imperative to ascertain that the right of appeal provided under the Town Country and Planning Act 1976 (TCPA 1976) is carried out in order to serve justice to the aggrieved parties whose application for planning orders have been rejected by the Planning Authority at the local level. The decision of the Appeal Board is final and can only be brought to the High Court for judicial review. Thus, the tribunal should be independent and fair in disposing of any appeal. The study employs a combination of doctrinal and empirical research. In the doctrinal analysis, the study analyses the primary and secondary data that include the TCPA 1976 and analysing the statistics of appeal cases from 1991 until 2019. Interviews were carried out in order to examine the law in reality. Accordingly, it can reflect the impartiality of the tribunal in the disposal of the appeals. In brief, the Selangor Appeal Board has proven its ability to hear appeals according to the rule of law since in recent years lesser appeals have been filed that indicate fewer grievances of the public against the decision of the local planning authority.
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Lee, Jung-Sook, and William R. Davie. "Audience Recall of AIDS PSAs Among U.S. and International College Students." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 74, no. 1 (March 1997): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909707400102.
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Results from an experimental study show that the audience recall of AIDS PSAs is related to message appeal types, cultural identity, and gender. PSA messages with strong emotional appeals are better remembered by college students than the rational appeal messages. The U.S. viewers recall more of the AIDS prevention messages than the international participants. Results also show that college women recall more AIDS PSA messages than college men in general, and emotional AIDS message appeals in particular. The pattern indicates an exact reversal of differences between two message-appeal types for each gender.
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Lewis, Clive. "The Exhaustion of Alternative Remedies in Administrative Law." Cambridge Law Journal 51, no. 1 (March 1992): 138–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300016792.
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The application for judicial review is the primary means of challenging the legality of action taken by public bodies. Judicial review is not, however, the only avenue by which an individual may challenge a particular decision. Statute may create an appellate machinery to hear appeals against decisions of public bodies. There is a wide variety in the pattern of such schemes. There may be an appeal from a decision to a tribunal or other body, with a further right of appeal on a point of law or by way of case stated to the High Court or the Court of Appeal. Such mechanisms exist in a number of fields, most importantly in the field of revenue law, enforcement notices in planning law, decisions of inferior courts such as magistrates& courts, and social security law. There may be an appeal from a decision to an administrative tribunal or inferior court but with no right of appeal to the High Court, as in certain immigration cases where decisions may be appealed to an adjudicator and from him to the Immigration Appeal Tribunal. There may be an appeal from decisions to an administrative body such as a Secretary of State either with provision for appeal to the courts, as with appeals against refusals of planning permission by local authorities, or without any further right of appeal, as in the case of appeals against disciplinary decisions of chief constables.
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Ihnátová, Zuzana. "Selection of Advertising Appeals in Slovak Television Advertising." Creative and Knowledge Society 3, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10212-011-0032-2.
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Abstract Purpose of the article The issue of creating advertising that is culturally congruent has been considered to be very important to experts dedicated to the field in the past years. Culture is an important internal factor of customer behavior that needs to be fully considered if the advertising campaigns aim to address its target audience effectively. The goal of this article is to contribute to existing knowledge in the area of culturally congruent advertising. More specifically, to find out what advertising appeals are preferred in Slovak television advertising. Methodology/methods Main scientific method of the present research was conceptual content analysis. The results are based on the sample of 133 TV commercials broadcasted in Slovak televisions during the 2012 in selected four segments (beer, financial services, periodicals and non-alcoholic beverages). Scientific aim Aim of this contribution is the introduction of preferences and frequency of usage of advertising appeals used in Slovak television advertising. Subsequenty, the exploration of the links between the selection of advertising appeals and cultural dimensions of Slovaks are analyzed. Findings The largest representation in analyzed television commercials in all examined segments has the appeal to relaxation.), followed by the appeal of suitable, then the appeal of saving, the appeal to patriotism, the appeal of natural and the appeal to affiliation. In the surveyed segments the preferences of individual advertising appeals are somehow different and reflect existing influence of product category on creative strategy. The findings show the positive relation between selection of advertising appeals and Slovak cultural dimensions. Conclusions The preset contribution shows the importance of studying cultural aspects of advertising and applying findings to the field of advertising. Some limitations of the study are stated and recommendations for further research are added at the end of the article.
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Lee, Yu-Kang. "The Influence of Message Appeal, Environmental Hyperopia, and Environmental Locus of Control on Green Policy Communication." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 41, no. 5 (June 1, 2013): 731–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.5.731.
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I examined message appeal in green policy communication by clarifying the moderating roles of environmental hyperopia and individual differences in environmental locus of control. The results suggested that a guilt appeal had a greater effect in 2 conditions, that is, when a global issue was promoted to consumers with an external locus of control, or when a local issue was promoted to consumers with an internal locus of control. Guilt appeals were no more effective than nonguilt appeals when a local issue was presented to individuals with an external locus of control. The guilt appeal backfired in that, when a global issue was promoted to individuals with an internal locus of control, the nonguilt appeal was more persuasive than the guilt appeal. Implications for researchers, nonprofit marketers, and public policymakers are discussed.
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Donovan, Robert J., and Nadine Henley. "Negative Outcomes, Threats and Threat Appeals: Widening the Conceptual Framework for the Study of Fear and Other Emotions in Social Marketing Communications." Social Marketing Quarterly 4, no. 1 (March 1997): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245004.1997.9960987.
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Social marketing communicators have frequently utilized scare tactics or fear appeals to persuade people to cease undesired behaviors and adopt desired alternatives. Although there is now a general consensus in the literature on the usefulness of such appeals under certain conditions, much of the literature contains contradictory findings. In this paper, we argue that use of the term fear appeal is inappropriate and recommend the term threat appeal instead. The term threat appeal is more inclusive, since perceived threat generates a variety of cognitive and emotional responses, not just fear. Furthermore, the term fear appeal confounds stimulus factors (i.e., message content) and response factors (i.e., the reaction of fear), and, with the emphasis on generating a fear response, has led to neglect of message factors and other emotional responses that could mediate persuasion. It is likely that these neglects have contributed significantly to conflicting findings in the area. This paper attempts to refocus attention on stimulus factors and to widen the scope of study by offering: (a) a definition of threat appeals and their components; and (b) incorporating concepts from the Rossiter-Percy communication model and learning theory to provide an overall framework for more precisely developing and targeting the message content of threat appeals.
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Willey, Stephen. "Planning Appeal Processes: Reflections on a Comparative Study." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 39, no. 7 (July 2007): 1676–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38315.
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The author reflects on a recent comparative study of the planning appeal systems in England and three Australian states. A range of issues relating to the processes by which appeals are heard, issues of expert evidence, and the composition and expertise of the appeal body are examined. A number of areas where appeal processes might be improved are highlighted and it is concluded that although each of these systems is unique, they are all confronted by similar challenges. In a theoretical sense, the author observes that there is currently a significant lacuna in planning knowledge with respect to understanding planning-appeals processes.
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Kim, Mikyoung, and Yoonhyeung Choi. "Risk communication: The roles of message appeal and coping style." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 45, no. 5 (June 6, 2017): 773–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6327.
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We examined the main effect of message appeal (emotional and logical) and coping style (monitors and blunters) and the interaction effect between the two on risk message processing outcomes. Participants were 74 U.S. undergraduate and graduate students who read news stories about tornadoes, then rated their risk message processing outcomes. Results showed that emotional appeals led to a higher risk perception, probability of risk occurrence, and more accurate recognition memory than did logical appeals. Further, we found significant interaction effects between message appeal and coping style on risk perception. When message appeals were emotional, monitors perceived a higher risk and probability of risk occurrence than did blunters; however, when message appeals were logical, this difference between monitors and blunters disappeared. The findings suggest that (a) emotional appeals should be included in risk communication and (b) coping styles should be considered in effective risk communication.
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Arsyad, Safnil, and Dian Eka Chandra Wardhana. "Promotion in Academic Discourse: Authors’ Centrality Claims in Their Research Article Introductions." Studies about Languages 41, no. 1 (December 12, 2022): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.30693.
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Centrality claims in the introduction part of a research article are aimed at attracting readers’ attention towards the research topic to be discussed in the article. Readers will decide whether or not to continue reading the article if the appeal is effective and the claims of the importance and usefulness of the article are accepted. However, most studies investigate only the discourse patterns and linguistic features of article introductions without analyzing further how authors attract readers’ attention to the importance of their research topic. This study aimed at comparing the types of centrality claims found in the introductions of articles published in high-rank and low-rank international journals in Applied Linguistics. Forty articles chosen from four Scopus-indexed international journals in Applied Linguistics were used in this study. The results showed that on average every article used 3.65 appeals of different types. Two types of claims (appeal to salience and appeal to problematicity) are more frequently used by authors than the other two types of appeal (appeal to topicality and appeal to magnitude). The data also reveal that, although not significant, the journal ranking correlates with the frequency of appeals used in the introductions. It is suggested that authors in Applied Linguistics should use multiple types of appeals in their introduction to attract readers’ attention to their research topic so that they are willing to read the entire article.
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Pittman, Matthew. "Accountability moderates the effects of egoistic and altruistic appeals in prosocial messages." Journal of Consumer Marketing 37, no. 7 (August 6, 2020): 807–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-07-2018-2751.
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Purpose This paper aims to clarify the relationship between consumer accountability and responses to egoistic and altruistic appeals. It proposes that when consumers’ relationships with others are heightened in the form of accountability, different prosocial message appeals become effective. The study expands the understanding of how marketing may enhance the efficacy of prosocial campaign messages. Design/methodology/approach The study utilized three online experimental studies to test hypotheses across different population samples and health product categories. Self-benefit and other-benefit appeals were tested to decrease meat consumption (Study 1), increase vaccination intent (Study 2) and purchase oxybenzone-free sunscreen (Study 3). Results provide converging evidence for the proposed interaction between appeal type and accountability. Findings When consumers believe their choices will be known or discussed with others, they are more persuaded by other-benefit or altruistic appeals. Contrary to some existing research, Study 3 found that when public accountability was heightened, hybrid appeals were less effective than a solely altruistic appeal in generating purchase intent, digital engagement and attitude change, even controlling for social desirability. Research limitations/implications Public accountability was manipulated only in an online setting, and future studies should replicate with greater ecological validity. Results inform how scholars, brands and organizations should approach message efficacy in prosocial campaigns, particularly when an individual’s relationship with others may become salient. Practical implications The paper includes implications for the development and deployment of various organizational strategies such as changing the appeal depending on where a message will be viewed by consumers. Importantly for digital campaigns, maximum digital engagement arises from an altruistic appeal in a public context. Originality/value This paper fulfills an identified need to understand how organizations can successfully encourage prosocial consumer behavior, as well as bridges literature gaps on accountability and appeal efficacy.
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Lewis, Jonathan. "Expedition of Public Law Appeals in the Court of Appeal." Judicial Review 12, no. 4 (December 2007): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10854681.2007.11426530.
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Bažantová, Simona, Eliška Štiková, Michal Novák, and Daria Gunina. "Erotic appeals in advertising." Medijske studije 12, no. 24 (January 28, 2022): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20901/ms.12.24.2.
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Erotic appeals in advertising are sometimes considered unethical or provocative. Thisstudy addresses how consumers perceive advertisements with erotic appeals regarding eye movementand subjective appropriateness. This study is methodologically based on eye-tracking to capture theparticipants’ visual attention and semi-structured interviews to obtain further in-depth informationon the perceived appropriateness of erotic appeal in a particular advertisement from the respondent’sperspective. The results show a difference in how consumers look at advertising according to theirperceived appropriateness of an erotic appeal and indicate the importance of a suitably chosenprotagonist concerning the target group. Concerning the chosen protagonist, marketers must payattention to the strength and congruence of the erotic appeal.
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Kol'churin, Andrey G. "Some Features of Repeated Cassation Appeal of Court Decisions." Rossijskoe pravosudie, no. 9 (August 23, 2022): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2072-909x.2022.9.91-95.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of the institution of cassation appeal of court decisions. The subjects of appeal are highlighted. The grounds for repeated appeal to the court of cassationare analyzed. Typical examples of justified repeated appeals to the court are given.
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Bigsby, Elisabeth, and Dolores Albarracín. "Self- and Response Efficacy Information in Fear Appeals: A Meta-Analysis." Journal of Communication 72, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 241–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqab048.
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Abstract Fear appeals are designed to inspire intended and actual actions to avert a danger. Although prior meta-analyses report that the average effect of fear appeals is moderately positive, the role of efficacy information is not completely understood. Prior work and fear appeal theories have argued that the presence of both response and self-efficacy information improves fear appeal success but the individual impacts of each have not been properly estimated. A meta-analysis (k = 158, N = 19,736) was conducted to examine the individual and combined effects of response and self-efficacy information contained in fear appeals on behavioral intentions and behaviors. Estimating the impact of fear appeals relative to low and no fear controls, the meta-analysis showed that fear appeals had a stronger influence on behavioral outcomes when they included positive response efficacy information but did not vary as a function of including self-efficacy information or negative response efficacy information.
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Thau, Mads. "How Political Parties Use Group-Based Appeals: Evidence from Britain 1964–2015." Political Studies 67, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321717744495.
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Political parties often appeal to groups. Yet, existing work does not consider how such group-based appeals are used, presumably because they are thought to have grown ineffective. Contrary to this, I argue that group-based appeals are central to party electoral strategy, and that time has only strengthened the incentive to use them. Using original data on 10,000 group-based appeals found in sentence-by-sentence coding of British election manifestos, I demonstrate an increasing use of group-based appeals from 1964 to 2015. Furthermore, I show that the range of groups emphasized, the concentration of group emphasis, and the specific group categories targeted also follow the electoral incentives prevalent over this 50-year period. These findings shed new light on how political parties appeal for votes and suggest that we view group-based appeals as a distinctive feature of party electoral strategy. I discuss the implications for our broader understanding of electoral competition.
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Poškus, Mykolas Simas, Rasa Pilkauskaitė Valickienė, and Arvydas Kuzinas. "The Effects of Descriptive Imagery and Appeals on Emotions and Intentions Related to Pro-Environmental Behavior." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 25, 2019): 5257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195257.
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The aim of the present study is to assess whether reinforcing imagery affects the emotional valence and effectiveness of pro-environmental public service announcements (PSAs). Two experiments that utilized PSAs constructed from a combination of text-based appeal and an image were carried out. The first experiment used the following appeals; (1) highlighting injunction, (2) highlighting injunction together with a negative descriptive norm, and (3) highlighting injunction together with a positive descriptive norm. These appeals were written on a photograph that either depicted nature scenery or the same scenery with digitally added litter. The results of the first experiment demonstrated that a congruent combination of text appeals highlighting injunction together with a positive descriptive norm and positive descriptive imagery elicits the most positive emotions when compared to other appeal and image combinations. The second experiment demonstrated that appeals with positive descriptive norms and an injunctive message coupled with a congruent descriptive image affect behavioral intention more than appeals with an injunctive only message coupled with a congruent descriptive image, thus demonstrating the additive effect of descriptive imagery and appeals presented together.
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Waite, Prince Neto D. C. B. "An Inquiry into the ICC Appeals Chamber’s Exercise of the Power of Remand." Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 9, no. 2 (2010): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180310x518361.
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AbstractThe ICC’s Appeals Chamber (AC) has the authority to review, on appeal, judgments, decisions, orders and the exercise of power by the Pre-Trial and Trial Chambers. The Rome Statute and the Rules of Procedure and Evidence expressly provide that the AC may confirm, reverse or amend matters on appeal, and has the power of remand in Article 81 and Article 83 appeals against decisions of acquittal, conviction or sentence. There is no express power to remand an issue in Article 82 (interlocutory) appeals. This article discusses whether the AC has the power, generally, to remand a matter to Chambers below, thereby not coming to a determination itself. The article concludes by suggesting that the AC has the power of remand, and that it springs from two sources: (1) for appeals generally, the Court’s inherent powers and (2) for Article 81 and Article 83 appeals, the Court’s Statutory powers in Article 83(2). Therefore, the AC, under its inherent jurisdiction, may exercise the power of remand for Article 82 (interlocutory) appeals.
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Piątek and Matej Horvat. "A comparative analysis of limitations in administrative appeals in Europe: the case of Poland and Slovakia." Review of European Administrative Law 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7590/187479818x15481611819895.
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The article focuses on the issue of administrative appeals and possible limitations in Poland and in Slovakia. The authors provide information on the efficiency requirements in administrative remedies and on the nature of administrative appeal. All these aspects are subsequently examined from a comparative perspective. The aim of the research is to analyse existing limitations in appeal systems and their impact on parties' rights and the efficiency of proceedings. These limitations discussed in appeals procedure are divided into three stages: at the initiation stage, in the course of the proceeding and at the termination stage. They further present other proposals for limitations to administrative appeals which have been taken into consideration in Polish and Slovak scholarship.
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Thomas, Robert. "Evaluating tribunal adjudication: administrative justice and asylum appeals." Legal Studies 25, no. 3 (September 2005): 462–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2005.tb00679.x.
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This article examines the development, operation and reform of the tribunal system responsible for determining appeals against the refusal of refugee status by the Home Office. Consideration of this particular appellate system is situated within a broader discussion of the criteria and values against which tribunal adjudication systems may be evaluated, By examining asylum appeals, light is shed on the theory and practice of administrative justice with regard to: the problematic nature of ensuring accuracy in tribunal decision-making; the tensions under which appeal procedures operate; the importance of onward appeal rights; and the role of tribunals in policy implementation. The article argues that recent reform of the asylum appeal process, including the introduction of a single tier of appeal, the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal, by the Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc) Act 2004 and restrictions on legal aid, has been motivated by political considerations and may increase the dificulties in operating an effective appeal process.
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Crothers, Barbara A., Ann T. Moriarty, Lisa A. Fatheree, Christine N. Booth, William D. Tench, and David C. Wilbur. "Appeals in Gynecologic Cytology Proficiency Testing: Review and Analysis of Data From the 2006 College of American Pathologists Gynecologic Cytology Proficiency Testing Program." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 133, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/133.1.44.
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Abstract Context.—In 2006, 9643 participants took the initial College of American Pathologists (CAP) Proficiency Test (PT). Failing participants may appeal results on specific test slides. Appeals are granted if 3 referee pathologists do not unanimously agree on the initial reference diagnosis in a masked review process. Objectives.—To investigate causes of PT failures, subsequent appeals, and appeal successes in 2006. Design.— Appeals were examined, including patient demographic information, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services category (A, B, C, or D), exact reference diagnosis, examinees per appeal, examinee's Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services category, referee's Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services category, slide preparation type, and slide field validation rate. Results.—There was a 94% passing rate for 2006. One hundred fifty-five examinees (1.6%) appealed 86 slides of all preparation types. Forty-five appeals (29%) were granted on 21 slides; 110 appeals (72%) were denied on 65 slides. Reference category D and B slides were most often appealed. The highest percentage of granted appeals occurred in category D (35% slides; 42% of participants) and the lowest occurred in category B (9% slides; 8% of participants). The field validation rate of all appealed slides was greater than 90%. Conclusions.—Despite rigorous field validation of slides, 6% of participants failed. Thirty percent of failing participants appealed; most appeals involved misinterpretation of category D as category B. Referees were never unanimous in their agreement with the participant. The participants and referees struggled with the reliability and reproducibility of finding rare cells, “overdiagnosis” of benign changes, and assigning the morphologically dynamic biologic changes of squamous intraepithelial lesions to static categories.
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Gahlot Sarkar, Juhi, Abhigyan Sarkar, and Rambalak Yadav. "Brand it green: young consumers’ brand attitudes and purchase intentions toward green brand advertising appeals." Young Consumers 20, no. 3 (August 8, 2019): 190–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-08-2018-0840.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyze the impacts of distinct advertising appeals on brand attitudes and purchase intentions toward green brands across two different product categories (technology-intensive and technology non-intensive) among the young adult consumers. Design/methodology/approach On the basis of focus group discussion, recyclable shopping bags (technology non-intensive) and hybrid cars (technology intensive) were identified as two product categories for the final study. A total of eight advertisement copies were developed (three in each product class + two control group ads) and distributed across 240 young consumers. A 4 (three advertising appeals + one control group) × 2 (product classes) between group experimental design was used to test the hypotheses formulated. Findings The study findings show that all the three advertisement appeals significantly influence attitudes and purchase intentions toward green brands across both the product categories. However, it was also found that functional appeal generated significantly lower mean scores for brand attitude and purchase intention for recyclable shopping bags compared to hybrid cars, whereas emotional appeal generated significantly lower mean scores for brand attitude, as well as purchase intention for hybrid cars compared to bags. This implies that functional green ad appeal would be more effective for technology-intensive products and emotional green ad appeal would be more effective for technology non-intensive products. Self-expressive green ad appeal was found to be equally effective in impacting brand attitudes and purchase intentions across both product categories. Originality/value The value of this research lies in investigating how the effects of distinct green brand advertising appeals on brand attitude and purchase intention can vary across technology-intensive and technology non-intensive products.
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Kamins, Michael A., and Henry Assael. "Two-Sided versus One-Sided Appeals: A Cognitive Perspective on Argumentation, Source Derogation, and the Effect of Disconfirming Trial on Belief Change." Journal of Marketing Research 24, no. 1 (February 1987): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224378702400103.
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The authors consider the effects of exposure to various advertising appeal types (differing in sidedness) on cognitive response and belief change in the context of inoculation and correspondence theory. In one experiment, subjects were exposed to either a one-sided, two-sided refutational, or two-sided nonrefutational appeal and the degree of cognitive activity incurred was measured. Results are partially supportive of both inoculation and correspondence theory, as two-sided appeals produced significantly less counterargumentation and source derogation than the one-sided appeal. In addition, the refutational appeal led to significantly more support argumentation than the one-sided appeal. However, exposure to either two-sided appeal did not differentially affect cognitions. In a second experiment, a disconfirming product trial experience was introduced as an “attack” condition to observe the effects on belief change given exposure to one of the advertising appeals used before. For all attributes, exposure to the one-sided appeal resulted in the greatest degree of belief change. Dominance for the predictions of inoculation over those of correspondence theory is not evident as belief change did not differ significantly between subjects exposed to either two-sided appeal. Finally, a measure of the change in purchase intent has only (nonsignificant) directional support.
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Kalliomaa-Puha, Laura, Tarja Pösö, and Virve-Maria Toivonen. "Error Correction of Restrictive Measures: Appeals Made by Young People in Care." YOUNG 29, no. 1 (April 19, 2020): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1103308820914810.
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The article examines appeals against restrictive measures in child protection submitted to and decided upon by administrative courts in Finland. Restrictive measures used in care restrict children’s and young people’s fundamental and human rights considerably, meaning ‘confinement in fractions’. Therefore, young people’s access to justice is an important issue in situations in which they consider an error to have been made. We study appeals as a form of legal safety and as a means of error correction. Although young people, 12 years of age and older, have the right to appeal, the appeal system is mainly used by parents to appeal against restriction of contact. As such, the appeal system poorly protects young people’s individual access to justice, if at all. As only administrative courts can overturn the decision to apply restrictive measures, the adult-centeredness of the system and young people’s access to justice should be critically assessed and rethought.
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Mariotta, Martín, Fabrizzio de Armas, and Camilo Méndez. "Jurisprudence of Civil Appeals Courts in the Matter of Rules of Origin (2013–2019)." Global Trade and Customs Journal 15, Issue 3/4 (March 1, 2020): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2020026.
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This article approaches the study of the Jurisprudence of Civil Appeals Courts in the matter of rules of origin in Uruguay, during the period from 2013 to 2019. It analyses the territorial admissibility factors of Judgments pronounced in first instance and how Civil Appeals Courts have resolved by confirming or reversing the appealed rulings. Customs Law, Customs offences procedures, Difference offence, Rules of origin, Appeals courts, Appeal
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BATROS, BEN. "The Judgment on the Katanga Admissibility Appeal: Judicial Restraint at the ICC." Leiden Journal of International Law 23, no. 2 (April 27, 2010): 343–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156510000075.
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AbstractThis article examines the judgment on Kantaga's appeal against the decision of Trial Chamber II of the International Criminal Court that the case against him was admissible. The Appeals Chamber rejected Katanga's appeal, and affirmed the admissibility of the case. However, it did not do so on the same basis as the Trial Chamber (that the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) was unwilling). Rather, it looked at the plain language of Article 17, and found that at the time of the challenge the DRC was not investigating or prosecuting Katanga. This judgment can be seen as an example of judicial restraint. The Appeals Chamber dealt only with those questions which were necessary to dispose of the appeal. It did not engage in policy debates or seek to create new facts, but rather applied the Statute as drafted to the facts of the case before it. In doing this, the Appeals Chamber confirmed certain basic principles of the admissibility regime. The case also provides an insight into the relationship between admissibility and ‘positive complementarity’.
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Alt, Mónika Anetta, Zsuzsa Săplăcan, and József Berács. "Managerial framework for bank advertising." International Journal of Bank Marketing 37, no. 7 (October 7, 2019): 1547–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-10-2018-0288.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to create a managerial framework for selecting the most effective bank advertisement appeal for different financial services. Financial services were classified based on the FCB grid: high/low involvement and think/feel decision. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected from 62 banks with content analysis based on 1,514 unique print advertisements, published between 2006 and 2014 in national newspapers in Romania and Hungary. The ads were coded, based on Pollay’s appeals, and then a cluster analysis was performed to identify appeal and financial service clusters. Findings The results revealed ten bank-specific appeals which can be used for advertising four different banking services categories. All type of savings and loans for B2B are advertised with quality appeals (safety, productivity); current account and card, personal/home loans are advertised with financial value appeals (convenient, cheap); corporate branding with emotional appeals (affiliation, distinctive, enjoyment); and services with mixed appeals. Research limitations/implications The study could be extended for different target market, creative strategy, other media and more countries. Practical implications The paper provides guidelines on how the FCB grid could be extended for bank services to recommend specific appeals for each category. Originality/value The financial service literature proposes guidelines regarding bank advertisements. However, the recommended advertisement appeals were not linked to different bank services. This paper creates a comprehensive managerial framework in order to match the bank’s specific appeals with different bank services.
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Muravyeva, Marianna. "Russian Early Modern Criminal Procedure and Culture of Appeal." Review of Central and East European Law 38, no. 3-4 (2013): 295–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-00000005.
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This article explores early modern criminal procedure and the emergence of a culture of appeal in the Russian system of criminal justice. It raises several important questions: Why did the appeal procedure not function as an ultimate guarantee of justice? How did Russian procedural law make appeals nothing more than the last stop on an ‘assembly line’, as a confirmation of a verdict rather than another court instance? How was criminal procedure connected with the political regime and a broader understanding of justice in early modern Russia? And what was then the ultimate goal of appeals that encouraged litigants to proceed with their cases to the highest court authorities? The author argues that Russia developed a so-called ‘appeal culture’, i.e., a situation in which individuals were willing to proceed with an appeal despite the quality of judicial decisions. Coupled with selective justice and a subjective understanding of fair trial, the appeal became one of the main means of acquiring a desirable verdict or, at least, of preventing an adversary from receiving such a verdict.
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Lindauer, Matthew, Marcus Mayorga, Joshua Greene, Paul Slovic, Daniel Västfjäll, and Peter Singer. "Comparing the effect of rational and emotional appeals on donation behavior." Judgment and Decision Making 15, no. 3 (May 2020): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500007208.
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AbstractWe present evidence from a pre-registered experiment indicating that a philosophical argument – a type of rational appeal – can persuade people to make charitable donations. The rational appeal we used follows Singer’s “shallow pond” argument (1972), while incorporating an evolutionary debunking argument (Paxton, Ungar and Greene, 2012) against favoring nearby victims over distant ones. The effectiveness of this rational appeal did not differ significantly from that of a well-tested emotional appeal involving an image of a single child in need (Small, Loewenstein and Slovic, 2007). This is a surprising result, given evidence that emotions are the primary drivers of moral action, a view that has been very influential in the work of development organizations. We found no support for our hypothesis that combining our rational and emotional appeals would have a stronger effect than either appeal in isolation. However, our finding that both kinds of appeal can increase charitable donations is cause for optimism, especially concerning the potential efficacy of well-designed rational appeals. We consider the significance of these findings for moral psychology, ethics, and the work of organizations aiming to alleviate severe poverty.
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Pinto, Mary Beth. "On the Nature and Properties of Appeals Used in Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs." Psychological Reports 86, no. 2 (April 2000): 597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.2.597.
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The past decade has seen a steady rise in expenditures for direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising. While total revenues across all media are approaching the $1 billion dollar mark, surprisingly little is known about the effectiveness of these types of advertisements, including the appropriateness of various forms of emotional and informational appeal. A content analysis of direct-to-consumer advertising in 24 popular magazines shows that these advertisements are found in every category of magazine, the advertisements employ a mix of informational and emotional appeals, all types of emotional appeals are used, and to date, the type of appeal (emotional and/or informational) tends not to be based on the type of drug advertised. Implications of this content analysis are considered and directions for research on appeals used in direct-to-consumer advertising are suggested.
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Isamudin, Nur Farihah Bt, and Muhammad Tahir Jan. "The Impact of Advertising Appeals on Purchase Intention for Women’s Fashion Products in Malaysia." Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets 2021, no. 1(12) (2021): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/2449-6634.jmcbem.2021.1.2.
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This paper is mainly focused on analyzing the impact of four advertising appeals, namely love appeal, humor appeal, happiness appeal and excitement appeal on purchase intention for women fashion products in Malaysia. Primary data were collected from 303 respondents using selfadministered online questionnaire that was distributed among social media users in Malaysia. The collected data went through an extensive process of screening and sorting to prepare for the analyses. Several important tests were conducted using analytical tools, namely IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and its added module, AMOS to reach the fi ndings. Among them are a descriptive analysis, reliability tests, an exploratory and confi rmatory factor analysis, and hypothesis testing. In addition, two-stage structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test for the fi tness of the proposed model. The fi ndings from the study revealed that two out of four advertising appeals, namely excitement appeal and love appeal, had signifi cant positive impacts on consumers’ purchase intention. Meanwhile, humor appeal and happiness appeal were found to have insignifi cant impacts. This research provides invaluable insights for marketers, especially those in women’s fashion industry in Malaysia, in creating eff ective advertising campaign to promote their fashion products to consumers in Malaysia. A unique attempt to investigate the individual impact of love appeal, humor appeal, happiness appeal, and excitement appeal on purchase intention is the strength of this research. Further, this study is also invaluable because of its main consideration, which was women’s fashion products.
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Baydaeva, L. V. "Powers of Judge of Court of Appeals within Admission of Appeal." RUSSIAN JUSTICE 9, no. 125 (September 2016): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/2072-909x.2016.9.39-49.
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Kaufman, Irving R. "Must Every Appeal Run the Gamut? The Civil Appeals Management Plan." Yale Law Journal 95, no. 4 (March 1986): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/796451.
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Zhang, Hui, Yupeng Mou, Tao Wang, and Jia Hu. "The Influence of Advertising Appeals on Consumers’ Willingness to Participate in Sustainable Tourism Consumption." Complexity 2020 (October 28, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8812560.
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Sustainable consumption has attracted much attention from the tourism industry. However, from the perspective of academic research, the psychological mechanism of collaborative consumption has not been thoroughly understood as the main form of sustainable consumption. This study explores the impact of advertising appeals on consumers’ willingness to participate in collaborative consumption. Through two psychological experiments, it is believed that, relative to the rational appeal, the emotional appeal will positively affect consumers’ participation willingness to collaborative consumption, and psychological ownership mediates this relationship. Furthermore, the form of information presentation moderates the influence of advertising appeals on psychological ownership.
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Fielding, David, Stephen Knowles, and Kirsten Robertson. "Materialists and altruists in a charitable donation experiment." Oxford Economic Papers 72, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 216–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpz027.
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Abstract This paper presents results from a laboratory experiment that draws on insights from economics on different incentives for generosity and insights from social psychology on different personality types. Firstly, we test whether the effect of an appeal to pure altruism versus an appeal to self-interest varies across subjects. We find that there is substantial variation, and this variation is strongly correlated with a subject’s level of materialism. Secondly, we test whether spoken appeals and written appeals have different effects. We find no evidence for such a difference. These results have important implications for charities’ fundraising strategies and for experimental design.
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Zhang, Hongxia, Jin Sun, Fang Liu, and John G. Knight. "Be rational or be emotional: advertising appeals, service types and consumer responses." European Journal of Marketing 48, no. 11/12 (November 4, 2014): 2105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-10-2012-0613.
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Purpose – This research aims to examine the use of emotional and rational advertising appeal regarding service options that differ in terms of their experience and credence properties and exploring the moderating role of individual difference in affect intensity on the consumers’ varying reliance on rational vs emotional appeals. Design/methodology/approach – Study 1 is a 2 (service type: restaurant vs dentist) × 2 (advertising appeal: emotional vs rational) between-subjects design. In total, 137 undergraduate students took part in this study. Study 2 is a 2 (service type: airline vs hospital) × 2 (advertising appeal: emotional vs rational) between-subjects design. In total, 84 MBA students were randomly assigned to each of the experimental conditions. Study 3 is a 2 (service type: airline vs hospital) × 2 (advertising appeal: rational vs emotional appeal) × 2 (affect intensity: high vs low) between-subjects design. The sample size was 170 undergraduates. Findings – The results of the first two studies provided support that an emotional advertising appeal led to a higher purchase intention in the experience service condition, while a rational message generated higher purchase intention in the credence service condition. Study 3 showed the moderating role of individual difference in affect intensity. High affect intensity individuals reported higher levels of brand favorability than did their low affect intensity counterparts when exposed to ads using emotional appeal. Conversely, subjects showed no significant differences in the intensity of their emotional responses when exposed to rational appeals. Practical implications – Our results suggest a strong need to tailor ads to fit different service categories. An emotional appeal would be more effective for experience services, and a rational appeal would be more effective for credence services. Besides, individual traits may also need to be considered when matching the appeal to the service type. Originality/value – This study makes an important contribution to the limited existing research by providing a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between advertising appeal and the type of service across different sub-categories, themes, individual trait and effectiveness measures. Specifically, the present research seeks to illuminate the relative effectiveness of emotional vs rational appeals in services advertising. In addition, the current research reveals new knowledge about the role that affect intensity plays in determining consumer responses to advertising.
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De Leon, Erll Angelo, Ma Bianca Resuta, and Derie Rose Virtusio. "Advertising Appeals influencing the Brand Engagement of Gen Y and Z in terms of Social Media Pre-roll Advertisements." Journal of Business and Management Studies 4, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jbms.2022.4.2.13.
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This study focused on how advertising appeals affect the brand engagement of Generations Y and Z in terms of pre-roll advertisements found on Facebook and YouTube. The objective of this study was to know what specific advertising appeal captures the attention of both Gen Y and Gen Z, as well as enumerate what advertising appeal captures their attention individually. Lastly, to identify which particular advertising ABPs increase the brand engagement of Gen Y and Z. According to studies, three advertising appeals positively affect brand engagement; Emotional Appeals, Visual Appeals, and Ethical Appeals. A total of 300 respondents answered the online survey via Google forms, 145 respondents for Gen Y and 155 respondents for Gen Z. The survey questionnaire was conducted with three different parts, which are; Profiling, Ad testing, and General Questionnaire. To answer the different research questions in this study, the following statistical treatment tools were used; Kruskal-Wallis H Test and Post Hoc Test, Mann-Whitney U Test, and Multivariate Regression Analysis, all at 0.05 and 0.1 levels of significance. For the results of this study, the researchers found out that Ethical pre-roll advertisements capture Gen Z's attention using the Post Hoc Test. On the other hand, Emotional pre-roll advertisements capture Gen Y's attention based on the Mann-Whitney U Test. The study successfully identified advertising ABPs of the Gen Y and Z that significantly influenced their brand engagement. If these ABPs garnered a high score, the probability of a high brand engagement score towards the particular pre-roll advertising appeal also increases.
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Zhang, Ni, Stacy A. Drake, and Kele Ding. "Message Appeals on an Instagram Account Promoting Seat Belt Use That Attract Adolescents and Young Adults: Elaboration-Likelihood Perspective Study." JMIR Formative Research 4, no. 9 (September 28, 2020): e16800. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16800.
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Background Adolescents and young adults demonstrate the highest rate of unrestrained motor vehicle fatalities, making the promotion of seat belt restraint a priority for public health practitioners. Because social media use among adolescents and young adults has proliferated in recent years, it is critical to explore how to use this tool to promote seat belt use among this population. Social media posts can contain various types of information within each post and this information can be communicated using different modalities. Objective In this study, based on the elaboration likelihood model, we aimed to examine how adolescents and young adults reacted to different appeals in various components of posts in the pilot of a promotion intervention on the Instagram BuckleUp4Life account. Methods Using thematic analysis, we examined different appeals in 3 components (photo, text, and caption) of 199 posts in BuckleUp4Life and compared the number of likes for different appeals. Results We found that 6 appeals were used in the posts: rational, ego, social, fun, positive emotional, and fear appeals. The results of our study showed that in photos, fun appeals were the most popular. Rational and positive emotional appeals were the most appealing in text and captions. Regardless of the location of the components (photo, text, or captions), rational appeal was the most popular appeal. Conclusions Based on the findings of our study, we recommend that public health practitioners utilize fun photos with rational and positive emotional appeals in text and captions rather than fear or social appeals, when promoting seat belt use through social media, especially Instagram.