Journal articles: 'Apologizing'

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Barnum-Roberts, Brooke Natalie. "APOLOGIZING WITHOUT REGRET." Ratio 24, no. 1 (February 9, 2011): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9329.2010.00480.x.

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Anderson, W. H. Locke. "Apologizing for Capitalism." Monthly Review 38, no. 10 (March 5, 1987): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-038-10-1987-03_5.

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González-Cruz, María-Isabel. "Apologizing in Spanish." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 543–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.22.4.01gon.

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This article provides insights into the strategies used by a group of university students of Canarian origin to perform the speech act of apologizing. Though Canarian Spanish has been recognised as one of the most deeply studied dialects in the Hispanic world (Medina 1996; Álvarez 1996; Corrales, Álvarez and Corbella 2007), little has been said about this variety at the socio-pragmatic level, and, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have been carried out on the issue of speech acts, let alone about apologies in Canarian Spanish. This article attempts to start filling this gap by describing the most frequent apology strategies used by one hundred university students at the ULPGC (Canary Islands, Spain) when apologizing in eight different situations. Following the lines of many other studies, we obtained the data through the application of a Discourse Completion Test, slightly adapted from the well-known CCSARP (Cross-cultural Speech Act Realisation Project). Gender differences are explored, along with the role of other situational factors such as degree of familiarity between the participants, severity of the offense and age of the offended person. Suggestions for further work in the fields of intercultural pragmatics and EFL teaching and learning are also given.

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Walters, Anne S. "Parenting opportunities: Apologizing." Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter 39, no. 3 (January 31, 2023): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbl.30697.

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Read, Piers Paul. "Apologizing for the Crusades." Chesterton Review 27, no. 1 (2001): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chesterton2001271/2123.

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Collins, Billy. "Apologizing to the Bees." Chicago Review 39, no. 1 (1993): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25305659.

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Garcia, Robert K. "Apologizing to the Postmodernist." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 12, no. 1 (2000): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis2000121/21.

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Postmodemism's censure of metanarratives expresses a moral claim and moral concern about those who have spawned injustice in the name of Truth. Ironically, while this censure is an indictment against the historic failures of the Christian church, it is also a corroboration of Christian theology. On postmodernism, a moral claim must be understood either instrumentally (emotivism or prescriptivism) or ideally (subjectivism or intersubjectivism), and neither is adequate. Rather, the moral claim requires moral realism. Moral realism, however, is best explained by theism. While sharing many of postmodemism's moral concerns, theism—especially Christian theism—can best enable and satisfy these concerns, whereas postmodernism can only frustrate them. Thus, theism uniquely enables moral accountability, communication, and tolerance. Moreover, Christian theism, in virtue of the incarnation, crucifixion, and resurrection of Jesus, uniquely redeems moral concerns from futility and offers hope to those concerned for justice.

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&NA;. "Apologizing for adverse outcomes." Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants 20, no. 9 (September 2007): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01720610-200709000-00015.

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Paton, Priscilla. "Apologizing for Robert Frost." South Atlantic Review 63, no. 1 (1998): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3201392.

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Utomo, Bagus Wahyu, and Zia Hisni Mubarak. "Direct and Indirect Speech Acts of Apologizing in “Venom Let There Be Carnage” Movie." IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature 11, no. 2 (October 4, 2023): 1057–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v11i2.3546.

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The objective of this research is to identify direct and indirect apologizing speech acts in the utterances of the characters in the movie "Venom let there be carnage". The data source for this study was taken from a movie entitled "Venom let there be carnage" in which many apologizing speech acts are found in it. The method used is a qualitative method. The theory used to identify apologizing speech acts was put forward by Searle & Vanderveken (1985) while to identify the direct and indirect used by the characters in the film using the theory put forward by Yule (1996). The results of this research found 14 types of apologizing speech acts consisting of 12 direct uses and 2 indirect uses.

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Pramono, Satrio Aji, and Eri Kurniawan. "A MICRO ANALYSIS STUDY OF PRAGMATIC CONTENT IN INDONESIAN ELT TEXTBOOKS." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa 9, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31571/bahasa.v9i1.1673.

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This study aims to explore the frequency of pragmatic content occurrence represented as speech acts of thanking and apologizing in two Indonesian ELT textbooks: a prescribed textbook published by Ministry of National Education and a commercial textbook. Pragmatic content of two ELT Textbooks entitled When English Rings the Bell and English on Sky were analyzed using Martinez’s Framework on Speech act of thanking and apologizing. The result indicated that a number of speech acts of thanking and apologizing have sufficiently provided by both prescribed and commercial textbook. However, while there are various strategies which can be used to perform speech acts of thanking and apologizing, both textbooks failed to take into account the inclusion of those strategies. It is therefore advisable for language teachers to employ other authentic language sources to enhance learners’ pragmatic competence.

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Cordella, Marisa. "Spanish speakers apologizing in English." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 14, no. 2 (January 1, 1991): 115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.14.2.05cor.

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Abstract This paper investigates the speech act of apologizing in English between Chileans and Australians. It examines the frequency, distribution and function of apology-strategies used by both groups in a situation of having missed an important appointment with ‘a boss’. Results indicate that L2 Chileans and Australians do not differ significantly in the frequency of using some apology-strategies, nevertheless striking divergences emerged from the modification attached to them (Blum-Kulka et al. 1989). This finding may indicate that each group of speakers coined a different weight to the apology-strategies. Thus while ‘remedial work’ (Goffman 1971) in Spanish is accomplished by the use of positive politeness strategies (Brown and Levinson 1987), Australians appear not to favour them. These differences may anticipate some communication problems which may lead to ‘sociopragmatic failure’ (Thomas 1983) between both groups. Moreover the sex of the apologizer and the recipient is an important factor which determines the speaker’s performance in the act of apologizing.

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PETTIGROVE, GLEN, and JORDAN COLLINS. "Apologizing for Who I Am." Journal of Applied Philosophy 28, no. 2 (February 18, 2011): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5930.2011.00519.x.

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Rahmah, Syalsabilla, and Damai Yani. "Analisis Ungkapan Sumimasen dalam Anime Bungou Stray Dogs Karya Kafka Asagiri." Omiyage : Jurnal Bahasa dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Jepang 4, no. 2 (December 13, 2021): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/omg.v4i2.305.

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Japanese has the concept of apologizing, because in Japanese there are levels of language. There are also various apologies in Japanese, one of which is the sumimasen expression. In learning Japanese, especially in basic learning, sumimasen expressions are often found. This is because the expression sumimasen means formally apologizing or is included in learning aisatsu which is basic learning in Japanese. The purpose of this research was carried out because the expression sumimasen does not have a meaning as an expression of apologizing only, but can be used in different situations according to the context. This study used a qualitative descriptive method using a pragmatic approach. The technique used in this research is note tapping technique, in which the researcher himself acts as an observer in processing the data contained in the data source. This research focuses on the meaning of the sumimasen expression in the anime Bungou Sray Dogs by Kafka Asagiri. The results of this study are that although the expression sumimasen has 4 different meanings according to the context and situation of the speech, the meaning that is widely available and used is the meaning of apologizing. From these results, it can be seen that in Japanese the meaning of the expression sumimasen is used more as apologizing than the meaning of expressing gratitude, asking for help, or attracting attention or expressions of excuse.

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Setyowati, Ririn. "Strategi ‘Meminta Maaf’ Anak Usia Pra-Sekolah di Lembaga Pendidikan daQukids Semarang." Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 3, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v3i1.56.

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The purpose of this research is to show the use of apologizing acts strategies by TK B Al-A’la students in daQukids educational institution of Semarang who are average five-year-old, in which they are the subjects of this research. Three steps in doing this research are stated. Firstly, prepare the data which consists of data collection. Data collection is done by a method named ‘simak’. Simak’s method is carried out by using Simak Bebas Libat Cakap technique (SBLC) in which it is done by recording and then transcribing. Conversational classification is based on the use of apologizing strategies by Al-A’la students. Secondly is data analysis by using the method of Padan Pragmatics to know apologizing acts from speaker to hearer. Thirdly, researcher presents the result of the analysis through the description of the data that have been analyzed. From the research, it is found that six strategies of apologizing acts are used, they are the first strategies namely opting-out, second is evasive strategies, the third strategies is indirect apologies, the forth strategies is direct apologies, the fifth strategies is remedial support and the last is apologies as strategic disarmers.

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Erma Ainun Maghfiroh and Koesoemo Ratih. "Exploring Apologizing Strategies in the Movie “Captain Marvel”." Jurnal Onoma: Pendidikan, Bahasa, dan Sastra 9, no. 2 (September 30, 2023): 1212–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v9i2.2977.

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The study explored apologizing strategies within the movie "Captain Marvel" through the analysis of illocutionary speech acts. The research adopted a qualitative approach and utilized the framework of apologizing strategies developed by Kramer-Moore and Moore. The primary data sources were the movie and its script, with instances of apologizing transcribed verbatim, along with nonverbal cues. The analysis revealed two main types of apologies: expressive and directive. Expressive apologies, demonstrated by characters like Maria, Carol, and Coulson, conveyed genuine remorse and empathy to maintain harmonious interactions. On the other hand, Talos utilized directive apologies, combining sincerity with a plea for understanding and forgiveness. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of communication dynamics within cinematic narratives and real-world interactions. Future research could explore cultural variations in apology strategies within different genres and the impact of cultural nuances on apology portrayal in films. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the portrayal of apologizing strategies in the movie "Captain Marvel" and how they contribute to the dynamics of communication and character development. The identification of expressive and directive apology types showcases the complexity of human interactions and emotions within the context of a popular cinematic narrative.

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Porter, Sarah E. "Apologizing: Trying to Get It Right." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 43, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20050501-03.

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Munasque, Angela. "The Doʼs and Donʼts of Apologizing." Emergency Medicine News 31 (October 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.eem.0000361894.47298.b2.

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Lazare, Aaron, and Roselle Sherman Levy. "Apologizing for Humiliations in Medical Practice." Chest 139, no. 4 (April 2011): 746–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.10-3334.

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Cordella, Marisa. "Apologizing in Chilean Spanish and Australian English." Cross-Cultural Communication in the Professions in Australia 7 (January 1, 1990): 66–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aralss.7.04cor.

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Several studies across languages (Cohen and Olshtain, 1981; Olshtain, 1983; Trosborg, 1987; Holmes, 1989) investigated the different social and contextual factors that influence native speakers to select one or a group of “semantic formula(s)” (Fraser, 1981) in the act of apologizing. Nevertheless the literature is still in its infancy (Fraser, 1981 and Holmes, 1989) in respect to the gender differences between speaker (apologizer) and hearer (recipient), and in the comparison between Spanish and English. This paper aims to investigate the strategies and the semantic formulas that Chilean Spanish and Australian English native speakers use in the act of apologizing. A role play eliciting an apology was carried out in the participants’ mother tongue. Twenty two Chileans (twelve females and ten males) who had lived for not more than three years in Australia and twenty Australians (ten males and ten females) who, like the Chileans, varied in age from 17 to 30 were the informants in this study. Results show that Chilean and Australian cultural values were reflected in the act of apologizing. Chileans in comparison to Australians make less use of the apology strategy “explicit expression of apology”. Nevertheless they appear to give more explanations than Australians in the act of apologizing. Differences were also found in both languages in the use of “speaker and hearer oriented apologies” and in the use of some strategies and intensifiers, in which the addressee’s gender played an important role in both languages.

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Seli, Sastika, and Dewi Syafitri. "Politeness in Bad Neighbors Movie." Linguistic, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/leea.v1i2.187.

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The research aims at describing politeness used by Americans in Bad Neighbors movie to express apology. This is a qualitative descriptive research which identified, observed, transcribed the data as well as described them in the sentences. The findings present the strategy of apologizing and the use of address terms overviewed from politeness strategies such as positive politeness, negative politeness and off record. The use of address terms in expressing apology covered terms of addressing in negative politeness includes the use of title plus last name (TLN) (such as Mr. Haywood and Maam) and positive politeness includes different nick names (NN) (such as Mac, Baby, Scoonie, Guys, etc). The variation of apologizing includes direct apology (sorry and I am sorry). In the application of direct apology I am sorry, no address term was used in the expression and it indicates positive politeness. In a direct expression of apology sorry, there was a term of address used preceded the expression and sometimes it also occurred afterward. Based on the description, it can be inferred that most of expression of direct apology expressed in positive politeness because the first speaker wanted to show a more intimate relationship to the second speaker. The position of the terms also affects the purpose and the quality of sincerity of the speakers. This strategy considered to be an effective way to express apology to show that the speaker who committed a responsibility of apologizing regretted the mistakes. Keyword: politeness, apologizing, term of address

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RIGGS, DONALD E. "Let Us Stop Apologizing for Qualitative Research." College & Research Libraries 59, no. 5 (September 1, 1998): 404–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.59.5.404.

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Korpela, Rosa, Salla Kurhila, and Melisa Stevanovic. "Apologizing in Elementary School Peer Conflict Mediation." Research on Language and Social Interaction 55, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2022.2026168.

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Wouk, Fay. "The language of apologizing in Lombok, Indonesia." Journal of Pragmatics 38, no. 9 (September 2006): 1457–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2005.09.011.

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Anderson, Douglas R. "Humanities Education: Can We Teach Without Apologizing?" Journal of General Education 51, no. 2 (2002): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jge.2002.0008.

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Leunissen, Joost M., David De Cremer, Marius van Dijke, and Christopher P. Reinders Folmer. "Forecasting Errors in the Averseness of Apologizing." Social Justice Research 27, no. 3 (July 27, 2014): 322–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11211-014-0216-4.

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Savana, Azizia Freda, and Wistri Meisa. "JAPANESE APOLOGY EXPRESSIONS BY JAVANESE AND SUNDANESE SPEAKERS." Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching 5, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/ll.v5i2.4609.

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This research discusses expressions of apology in Japanese by Javanese and Sundanese speakers at Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. The apology differs between Japanese and Indonesian. Apologizing to the Japanese uses many reasons, the Japanese may distrust the speech partner and cause misunderstanding. In learning Japanese, Javanese-speaking learners are different from Sundanese-speaking learners because their culture also influences them. This research aims to determine the strategy of apology expression by Japanese language learners who speak Javanese and Sundanese as seen from the semantic formula and the differences between the two. This research used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach to describe the strategy of apologizing in Japanese by Javanese and Sundanese mother tongue learners using semantic formulas. Respondents were UMY students from level 2 and level 3 PBJ Study Program with 15 Javanese speaking students and 15 Sundanese speaking students. This research showed that most Japanese learners who speak Javanese and Sundanese tended to use the Speech Act Indication Expression (apology and appreciation) when expressing Japanese apologies. They used polite language ultimately when apologizing to lecturers.

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Ardiati, Riza Lupi. "Apology Speech Act in Indonesian and Japanese Language: A Comparative Method." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1301.22.

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The speech act of apologizing is an expressive speech act that functions to maintain harmony between the speaker and the addressee. The speech act of apologizing is closely related to the politeness aspect, so it is necessary to pay attention to the strategy used. The strategy chosen must also reflect the true feelings for the effect of the apology to be conveyed. The pattern of speech act tends to be different in every language and this will give different impact on the readers. This research will discuss the apology speech act in two languages, Indonesian and Japanese, with their own uniqueness in delivering the messages. By referring to the approach of Cooperative and Politeness Principles from Leech (1993), the apologies that violate and obey the maxims will be found. This research is based on the data taken from novels and various “billboard” in Indonesia and Japan. The result of the research proves that the strategy of apologizing in Indonesian tends to be given directly by obeying the Cooperative Principles using the irony principle. On the other hand, Japanese language obeys more on the Politeness Principles because it has the element of hairyo hyougen or expression of consideration.

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Syifa, Ari Muhammad, Dasril Davidra, and Almira Fidela Artha. "Politeness Levels of Thanking and Apologizing: A Corpus Linguistic Investigation Across Generations in the Movies." Diglossia: Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah Kebahasaan dan Kesusastraan 15, no. 1 (October 11, 2023): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26594/diglossia.v15i1.4055.

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The levels of politeness in expressing thanking and apologizing connect to the concept of language attitude within sociolinguistics. Language attitude in sociolinguistics refers to an individual’s mental disposition or feelings towards a particular language. It implies that a person's language attitude can range from being favorable, and indifferent, to unfavorable influenced by the environment. Based on the corpus linguistics, this study aimed to investigate politeness levels of thanking and apologizing in American movies across generations, from Baby Boom to Alpha Generation using a corpus software, AntConc, as a tool to process the necessary data. The result of this study showed that the levels of politeness thanking, and apologizing had different choices of words in the movies of each generation. In addition, this was due to factors such as environment and knowledge of the rules of expressions such as Thanks or Thank you, and Sorry or Pardon. Thus, speakers of every generation tend or rarely use those expressions because they want or unwanted to use the word, and they choose to use it. For future study, perhaps it is recommended to explore American cartoons as the object, psycholinguistics approach, and language educational concentration.

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Atwood, Craig D. "Apologizing for the Moravians: Spangenberg's “Idea Fidei Fratrum." Journal of Moravian History 8, no. 1 (2010): 53–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41179900.

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Abstract After Zinzendorf's death in 1760, August Gottlieb Spangenberg became the major leader of the Moravian Church. Spangenberg's historical and doctrinal publications helped define Moravian theology and practice in the second half of the eighteenth century. In this article, the author argues that the Idea Fidei Fratrum (1779), Spangenberg's most important theological work, was primarily written as an apology for the Moravians as they were struggling with their public image after the death of Zinzendorf. It also serves as a rare example of a systematic theology written by a Moravian leader. By marginalizing key aspects of Zinzendorf's theology and placing Moravian teaching on the foundation of the Augsburg Confession, the Idea Fidei Fratrum was a public demonstration of the theological orthodoxy of the Moravian Church.

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Wagner, Lisa, and Regina Roebuck. "Apologizing in Cuernavaca, Mexico and Panama City, Panama." Spanish in Context 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2010): 254–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.7.2.05wag.

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This comparative study of naturally occurring apologies in Cuernavaca and Panamanian Spanish investigates the apology strategies community members employ most often, and the types of positive- and negative-politeness strategies they use to perform this speech act. The authors calculate the frequency with which speakers use positive- and negative-politeness strategies in their apology acts and investigate whether members of these two speech communities demonstrate a preference for positive or negative politeness when apologizing. Instead of using a language-specific parameter such as “Spanish Language” and assuming that all native speakers of this language have and will use a closed set of linguistic strategies in the same way when they apologize, the authors argue that speech acts, politeness and face are socio-culturally sensitive variables whose values and effects vary between communities of practice. To support this claim, they show how the communities of Cuernavaca, Mexico and Panama City, Panama differ from previous findings on apologizing within different communities of practice in the Spanish-speaking world.

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Chrdileli, Mariam, and Tim Kasser. "Guilt, shame, and apologizing behavior: A laboratory study." Personality and Individual Differences 135 (December 2018): 304–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.07.035.

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Zhu, Xiaoyuan (Susan), Janet L. Barnes-Farrell, and Dev K. Dalal. "Stop Apologizing for Your Samples, Start Embracing Them." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 8, no. 2 (June 2015): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2015.30.

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Landers and Behrend (2015) call for editors and reviewers to resist using heuristics when evaluating samples in research as well as for researchers to cautiously consider choosing the samples appropriate for their research questions. Whereas we fully agree with the former conclusion, we believe the latter can be extended even further to encourage researchers to embrace the strengths of their samples for understanding their research rather than simply defending their samples. We believe that samples are not inherently better or worse but rather better suited for different research objectives. In this commentary, we identify three continua on which research goals can differ to demonstrate that all samples can inform science. Depending on the position of one's research on these continua, different samples exhibit different strengths; the continua described below can be used to anchor one's sample to demonstrate how it can benefit, rather than limit, research conclusions. As discussed in the focal article, researchers will often apologize for their convenience samples as one of a litany of limitations; we hope that researchers will move sampling issues out of the limitations section and into the main discussion.

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Tarr, C. Anita. "Apologizing for Scott O'Dell—Too Little, Too Late." Children's Literature 30, no. 1 (2002): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chl.0.0754.

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Ziesing, Michael. "I'm Sorry: A Cross-cultural Exploration of Apologizing." PASAA 30, no. 1 (January 2000): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.58837/chula.pasaa.30.1.7.

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Anane, Job. "A Pragmatic Study of Apology Strategies in Akan (Twi)." South Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 3, no. 6 (December 6, 2022): 38–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/sajssh.2022.3604.

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As human interact with each other there is propensity of stepping on the toes of one another, when this happens it is incumbent on the parties involved to try as much as possible to sort out their differences. One of the most effective ways of breaking this barrier is apologizing. The person apologizing creates the impression that he is remorseful for the harm caused. The purpose of the study is to examine the realization of apology speech act, which inclines to be more situation-dependent and less frequently occurring than other speech acts. It also examines how the patterns of apology strategies are varied in relation to contextual factors (social status, social distance, and severity of offence) as used by the Akan (Twi) speakers. Discourse completion Task (DCT) in a form of interview and role play was chosen for the current study. The researcher created scenes for the DCT that required apologies based on situations occurring in real life. The researcher explained the DCT thoroughly to the participants and told them to put themselves in the situation and render an apology. The findings revealed that some Akan (Twi) speakers acknowledge responsibility, some tried to justify their actions whilst others shift the blame on others. It was revealed that some people also combine different strategies when apologizing.

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Gurova, Elena A. "On apologizing in the modern Danish language and culture." Language Studies and Modern Humanities 3, no. 1 (2021): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33910/2686-830x-2021-3-1-6-17.

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Jisun Kim. "The Speech Act of Apologizing Revisited: Who is Responsible?" Journal of the society of Japanese Language and Literature, Japanology ll, no. 37 (May 2007): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21792/trijpn.2007..37.003.

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MacArthur, Michelle. "“Sorry Not Sorry”: Apologizing in the Wake of #MeToo." Canadian Theatre Review 180 (October 1, 2019): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.180.004.

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Byon, Andrew Sangpil. "Apologizing in Korean: Cross-cultural Analysis in Classroom Settings." Korean Studies 29, no. 1 (2005): 137–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ks.2006.0003.

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Allan, A., and D. McKillop. "The health implications of apologizing after an adverse event." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 22, no. 2 (February 5, 2010): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzq001.

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Loscalzo, Craig A. "Apologizing for God: Apologetic Preaching to a Postmodern World." Review & Expositor 93, no. 3 (August 1996): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003463739609300310.

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Cirillo, Letizia, Isabel Colón de Carvajal, and Anna Claudia Ticca. "“I'm Sorry + Naming the Offense”: A Format for Apologizing." Discourse Processes 53, no. 1-2 (June 14, 2015): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2015.1056691.

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Wea, Teofanne Nurinik, and Barli Bram. "DIRECTIVE AND EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS USED BY TRAVIS PARKER IN THE CHOICE MOVIE." KREDO : Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa dan Sastra 5, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 691–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.24176/kredo.v5i2.6637.

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This paper aimed to explore the categories of speech acts used by Travis Parker as the main character of The Choice movie. Data were collected using a qualitative method and analyzed using a descriptive analysis technique. Results showed that the main character used directive and expressive speech acts. The directive ones included the acts of ordering, commanding, warning, suggestion, requesting, forbidding, and inviting. Specifically, the act of ordering something appeared once, commanding four times, giving a suggestion once, requesting twice, forbidding twice, and inviting someone once. Furthermore, the expressive function included the acts of apologizing, thanking, greeting, and compliment. Specifically, the act of apologizing for someone appeared six times, giving thanks once, greetings three times, and giving a compliment three times. Exploring the roles and context of speech acts in The Choice movie from a sociolinguistic perspective will contribute to English learning-teaching.

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Schreurs, Bert, and Melvyn R. W. Hamstra. "Effectively Apologizing to Consumers After a Crisis: Psychological Distance and Abstractness/Concreteness of an Organization's Apology." Social Cognition 38, no. 4 (August 2020): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.2020.38.4.367.

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Companies hit by a crisis of corporate misconduct typically need to issue a public apology to minimize reputational damage, negative word-of-mouth, and declining purchases. What such an apology should ideally convey, abstract or concrete information, remains up for debate. Working from construal-level theory, we test a contingency perspective on organizational apology effectiveness. According to construal-level theory, concretely formulated apologies are more effective when the apologizing company is psychologically near to (versus far away from) an apology-recipient. Second, abstractly formulated apologies are more effective when the apologizing company is psychologically far away from (versus near to) an apology-recipient. We found support for these hypotheses in three experiments (and provide a meta-analytic mean of both effects). In order to optimize effectiveness, apologies should be tailored to account for the psychological distance to the apology-recipient.

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Leonard, Diana J. "They’re a sorry bunch: Perceptions of outgroup entitativity shape the receipt of intergroup apology." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 22, no. 4 (January 22, 2019): 549–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430217750267.

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This paper explores whether perceived entitativity of a group (i.e., how much it is seen as a unit) influences how its apologies are perceived. Because entitative groups are assigned agency and collective responsibility and their members are viewed as interchangeable, their apologies were hypothesized to appear more sincere and less due to ulterior motives. This effect emerged with small groups apologizing for minor grievances (Studies 1 and 2), although not always if the apology came from a leader (vs. the whole group). In Study 3, these benefits of entitativity extended to greater liking for the more entitative group, and in the case of a government apologizing for international harm. Whereas past research has emphasized the harmful impact outgroup entitativity can have on intergroup relations, these studies suggest entitativity can have benefits when the intergroup behavior is a beneficial one (e.g., apology).

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Lee, Hye Eun, and Hyunjin Park. "Cross-cultural testing of face threats to predict apology and thanks intentions." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 45, no. 10 (November 7, 2017): 1643–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6468.

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We examined whether Koreans intended to make an apology and North Americans intended to express thanks in a message asking for a favor. Because one reason for apologizing or thanking is to lessen the face threat occurred by favor asking, four face threats were empirically measured to predict participants' intentions. Participants were 104 North American and 90 Korean college students who took the role of an email sender making a favor request and selected from options for apologizing or thanking the receiver to lessen the four types of face threat. Results showed that North Americans intended to express thanks, and both North Americans and Koreans intended to make an apology when asking a favor; further, for Koreans, a speaker's positive face threat triggered intention to make an apology and, for North Americans, a receiver's negative face threat triggered an intention to express thanks. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

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Al-Quraishy, Saadiya Wudaa. "The Use of Apology Strategies by Iraqi EFL Learners." Kufa Journal of Arts 1, no. 9 (October 29, 2011): 9–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2011/v1.i9.5988.

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Apology is an expressive illocutionary act. It is a social act, the goal of which is to maintain harmony between the speaker and hearer. To perform the act of 'apologizing', the offender who perceives the need to apologize should employ certain strategies of apology: opting out, evasive strategies, direct strategies and indirect ones. This study aims at categorizing the types and percentages of the strategies used in performing the speech act of 'apologizing' by Iraqi EFL learners of English as a foreign language. It also attempts at pointing out the breakdowns committed in using these strategies. To this end, the discourse completion test was practiced to twenty-five participants of Iraqi EFL learners of English as a foreign language. The findings after analyzing their responses reveal that Iraqi EFL learners of English as a foreign language lack knowledge for most of the strategies of apology .

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Turhan, Burcu, and Hülya Tuncer. "Apologies and Compliment Responses: A Case of Pre-service EFL Teachers." IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics) 7, no. 1 (November 20, 2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v7i1.1182.

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Apology may be defined as “a compensatory action for an offense committed by the speaker which has affected the hearer” (Marquez-Reiter, 2000, p. 44), and a compliment is another speech act "which explicitly or implicitly attributes credit to someone other than the speaker... which is positively valued by the speaker and the hearer" (Holmes, 1986, p. 485). The focus of this paper is to find out which strategies are employed by Turkish pre-service EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers while apologizing and responding to compliments especially with equal-status interlocutors, and whether these strategies show differences between females and males. Written Discourse Completion Test (WDCT) was administered to 27 pre-service EFL teachers. The WDCT included six apology and seven compliment response scenarios. The data were analyzed mainly by using the framework of Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984) for apologies, and the coding scheme by Ruhi (2006) for compliment responses. Main findings of the study suggest that the participants frequently used the strategy of regret while apologizing, and they preferred to use appreciation strategy while responding to compliments. In addition, chi-square test was applied to see any significant differences between the strategies of females and males in apologizing and responding to compliments. This gender-based comparison resulted in no statistical difference except for only one of the apology scenarios. The overall results imply that investigating pragmatic knowledge of students majoring in ELT through their speech act realizations is vital and may be the first step for organizing appropriate interventions aiming at improving and expanding their pragmatic knowledge.

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Han, Bing, and Deborah A. Cai. "Face goals in apology." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 20, no. 1 (January 14, 2010): 101–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.20.1.06han.

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This study investigated how the offender’s responsibility, offense severity, offender’s prior relationship with the offended person, and culture influence the offender’s concerns for self- and other-positive and negative face when apologizing to the offended person. The study hypothesized that responsibility, severity, and relationship have positive relationships with other-positive, other-negative, and self-positive face concerns but a negative relationship with self-negative face concern. Culture was expected to moderate the effect of relationship on the four face concerns. Results supported the main effects of responsibility and relationship on other-positive, other-negative, and self-positive face concerns, but these effects were moderated by culture such that the expected positive relationships were supported only among U.S. Americans but not among Chinese. U.S. Americans varied their face concerns when apologizing based on situational and relational cues whereas Chinese did not make such distinctions; Chinese maintained relatively high levels of face concerns across the different levels of responsibility and relationship type.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Apologizing'

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