Academic literature on the topic 'Apis mellifera'

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Journal articles on the topic "Apis mellifera"

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Makarov, Alexander Michailovich. "Apis mellifera." Principles of the Ecology 50, no. 4 (December 2023): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j1.art.2023.14502.

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Gong, Hong-Ri, Xiu-Xian Chen, Yan Ping Chen, Fu-Liang Hu, Jiang-Lin Zhang, Zhe-Guang Lin, Ji-Wei Yu, and Huo-Qing Zheng. "Evidence of Apis ceranaSacbrood virusInfection in Apis mellifera." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 8 (January 22, 2016): 2256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03292-15.

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ABSTRACTSacbrood virus(SBV) is one of the most destructive viruses in the Asian honeybeeApis ceranabut is much less destructive inApis mellifera. In previous studies, SBV isolates infectingA. cerana(AcSBV) and SBV isolates infectingA. mellifera(AmSBV) were identified as different serotypes, suggesting a species barrier in SBV infection. In order to investigate this species isolation, we examined the presence of SBV infection in 318A. melliferacolonies and 64A. ceranacolonies, and we identified the genotypes of SBV isolates. We also performed artificial infection experiments under both laboratory and field conditions. The results showed that 38A. melliferacolonies and 37A. ceranacolonies were positive for SBV infection. Phylogenetic analysis based on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene sequences indicated thatA. ceranaisolates and mostA. melliferaisolates formed two distinct clades but two strains isolated fromA. melliferawere clustered with theA. ceranaisolates. In the artificial-infection experiments, AcSBV negative-strand RNA could be detected in both adult bees and larvae ofA. mellifera, although there were no obvious signs of the disease, demonstrating the replication of AcSBV inA. mellifera. Our results suggest that AcSBV is able to infectA. melliferacolonies with low prevalence (0.63% in this study) and pathogenicity. This work will help explain the different susceptibilities ofA. ceranaandA. melliferato sacbrood disease and is potentially useful for guiding beekeeping practices.
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Aryal, L. N., R. B. Thapa, S. Tiwari, and N. K. Chaudhary. "Foraging Behavior of Native Honeybee (Apis Cerana F.) and European Honeybee (Apis Mellifera L.) on Flowers of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum Esculentum M.) in Chitwan, Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 4, no. 2 (June 27, 2016): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v4i2.15131.

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This paper is the findings of the research conducted on foraging behavior of Native honeybee (Apis cerana F.) and European honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) on flowering buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) inside the cage during November 2012 to 2013 at Meghauli, Chitwan, Nepal. Apis cerana F. started their foraging activities early in the morning (8.24 ± 0.50 AM) and ceased late in the evening (5.18 ± 0.20 PM) in comparison to Apis mellifera L., which started foraging at 8.29 ± 0.50 AM and ceased at 4.56 ± 0.50 PM. The total duration of foraging per day was more in Apis cerana F. than Apis mellifera L., i.e. 8.34 ± 0.90 hours per day in Apis cerana F. and 8.25 ± 0.90 hours per day in Apis mellifera L. That means A. cerana F. was 1.8% more efficient on foraging duration than A. mellifera L. Similarly, the number of Apis cerana F. and Apis mellifera L. entering into the hive in five minutes was the highest (51.69 ± 0.45 in Apis cerana F., and 62.81 ± 0.45 in Apis mellifera L.) at 12 Noon while lowest (11.24 ± 0.11 in Apis cerana F., and 5.89 ± 0.11 in Apis mellifera L.) at 5 PM and no activity was started at 8 AM. Likewise, the number of Apis cerana F. and Apis mellifera L. bees outgoing from the hive in five minutes was the highest (42.67 ± 0.98 in Apis cerana F. and 48.71 ± 0.98 in Apis mellifera L.) at 12 Noon and the lowest (4.31 ± 0.07 in Apis cerana F. and 2.39 ± 0.07 in Apis mellifera L.) at 5 PM. The number of buckwheat flower visited by Apis cerana F. was highest at 10 AM while by Apis mellifera L. it was highest at 12 Noon. But, for both species of honeybees it was lowest at 4 PM. There was more time spent by Apis mellifera L. (2.37 seconds) per flower than Apis cerana F. (1.95 seconds) during floral visit. So, Apis cerana F is efficient in foraging and hence in pollination on buckwheat than Apis mellifera L suggesting buckwheat cultivation along with bee farming especially Apis cerana F.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(2): 236-239
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Webster, Matthew T. "Apis mellifera." Trends in Genetics 35, no. 11 (November 2019): 880–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2019.08.003.

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Muldowney, Micah. "Apis Mellifera." New England Review 44, no. 3 (2023): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ner.2023.a908941.

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Masaquiza, Diego, Mario Octavio Ferrán, Santiago Guamán, Edwin Naranjo, Maritza Vaca, Lino Marcelo Curbelo, and Amilcar Arenal. "Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Wing Shape to Identify Populations of Apis mellifera in Camagüey, Cuba." Insects 14, no. 3 (March 22, 2023): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14030306.

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A total of 45 Apis mellifera colonies were sampled from nine centers for rearing queens in the Camagüey province, Cuba. Wing geometric morphometric analysis was used to determine the ancestry and identify Africanization processes at different altitudes in managed honeybee populations on the island. A total of 350 reference wings were obtained from the pure subspecies: Apis mellifera mellifera, Apis mellifera carnica, Apis mellifera ligustica, Apis mellifera caucasia, Apis mellifera iberiensis, Apis mellifera intermissa, and Apis mellifera scutellata for the study. Our results showed that altitude influences wing shape; and that 96.0% (432) of the individuals were classified as Cuban hybrids, with a tendency to the formation of a new morphotype. In addition, a great similarity was found with the subspecies Apis mellifera mellifera, and it was confirmed that there is no Africanization due to the low presence of 0.44% (2) of this morphotype in the population under study. The greatest Mahalanobis distances were obtained for the comparisons between the center rearing of queens in the Camagüey province with the subspecies A. m. scutellata (D2 = 5.18); A. m. caucasia (D2 = 6.08); A. m. ligustica (D2 = 6.27); and A. m. carnica (D2 = 6.62). The well-defined pattern of wing shape produced by honeybee populations in Camagüey’s centers for queen rearing suggests a Cuban hybrid. Moreover, it is essential to note that the populations of bees under investigation lack Africanized morphotypes, indicating that Camagüey bees have not interacted with the African lineage.
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Pudasaini, Rameshwor, and Resham Bahadur Thapa. "Comparative Foraging Behavior of Apis Cerana F. and Apis Mellifera L. in Rapeseed under Cage Condition in Chitwan, Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2, no. 4 (December 25, 2014): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11238.

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An experiment was conducted to determine the foraging behavior of Apis mellifera L. and Apis cerana F. in rapeseed under cage condition in Chitwan, Nepal during 2012-2013. This experiment showed that Apis cerana F. foraged extra 42 minute per day as compared to Apis mellifera L. Apis cerana F. were more attracted to nectar, whereas Apis mellifera L. were more attracted to pollen collection throughout the day. The activities, in into hives and out from hives, for both species were recorded more at 2:00 pm and least at 8:00 am. The highest in-out were observed at 2:00 pm on both species as Apis mellifera L. 44.33 bees entered into hives and 49.66 bees went out of hives, whereas lower number of Apis cerana F. 43.66 bees entered into hives and 48.16 bees were out of hives. Apis mellifera L. collect 1.22:1 and 0.41:1 pollen nectar ratio at 10:00 am and 4:00 am whereas at same hours Apis cerana collect 1.16:1 and 0.30:1 pollen nectar ratio. Apis cerana F. foraged significantly higher number of rapeseed flowers and plants as compared to Apis mellifera L. under caged condition. It shows that Apis cerana F. was more efficient pollinator as compared to Apis mellifera L. under caged condition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11238Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(4): 483-487
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Hidayatul, Romdiyah, Sama'iradat Tito, and Hasan Zayadi. "Preferensi Lebah Madu Apis mellifera terhadap Berbagai Jenis Pakan Tambahan berdasarkan Jumlah Kunjungan dan Konsumsi Pakan di Peternakan PT Kembang Joyo, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur." Jurnal SAINS ALAMI (Known Nature) 6, no. 2 (February 20, 2024): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/j.sa.v6i2.16144.

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Apis mellifera honey bee is the most widely cultivated bee species in Indonesia, one of which is the Kembang Joyo farm. The need for bee feed in nature is dwindling and causes the use of additional feed to maintain bee colonies by breeders. The variety of feed types causes the need for research on bee preferences for additional feed to find the type of feed that bees most prefer and can be reached by farmers. The purpose of this study was to compare the preferences of honey bees to various types of supplementary feed at Kembang Joyo Farm and to determine the type of supplementary feed that Apis mellifera honey bees preferred. This research method is an experimental method with 6 treatments and 23 replications which were analyzed through the ANOVA test which was then continued by the Tukey test using the PAST application. The results showed that each type of feed was favored by bees with different numbers of visitors. The type of feed that was most preferred by bees based on the number of visitors was cane sugar solution with 116 individual bees visitors in one replication, while based on feed consumption the most consumed was cane sugar solution with feed consumption of 0.24 ml/individual. Apis mellifera honey bee likes cane sugar solution based on the aroma factor and sucrose content. Keywords: Apis mellifera, Preference, Suplementary food ABSTRAK Lebah madu Apis mellifera merupakan spesies lebah yang paling banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia, salah satunya di peternakan Kembang Joyo. Kebutuhan pakan lebah di alam yang semakin menipis menyebabkan peternak menggunakan pakan tambahan untuk mempertahankan koloni lebah. Jenis pakan yang bervariasi menyebabkan perlunya penelitian tentang preferensi lebah terhadap pakan tambahan untuk menemukan jenis pakan yang paling disukai oleh lebah dan dapat dijangkau oleh peternak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk  membandingkan preferensi lebah madu terhadap berbagai jenis pakan tambahan di Peternakan Kembang Joyo dan untuk mengetahui jenis pakan tambahan yang paling disukai lebah madu Apis mellifera. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni metode eksperimental dengan 6 perlakuan dan 23 kali ulangan yang dianalisa dengan uji ANOVA yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan Uji Tukey menggunakan aplikasi PAST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing jenis pakan disukai oleh lebah namun dengan jumlah pengunjung yang berbeda-beda. Adapun jenis pakan yang paling disukai lebah berdasarkan jumlah pengunjung yakni larutan gula tebu dengan 116 individu lebah pengunjung dalam satu kali ulangan, sedangkan berdasarkan konsumsi pakan yang paling banyak dikonsumsi adalah larutan gula tebu dengan konsumsi pakan sebanyak 0,24 ml/individu. Lebah madu Apis mellifera menyukai larutan gula tebu berdasarkan faktor aroma dan kadar sukrosa. Kata kunci: Apis mellifera, Pakan tambahan, Preferensi
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Yang, Huipeng, Jia Sun, Peng Tang, Changsheng Ma, Shudong Luo, and Jie Wu. "The Ratio of Sunflower Pollens Foraged by Apis mellifera Is More Than That of Apis cerana Does During Sunflower Blooming." Sociobiology 67, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v67i2.4408.

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Bias foraging of pollen is general in different pollinators since various nutrition demanding, co-evolution and interaction of insect-plant. To clarify the preference of pollen foraging during sunflower blooming, the pollen foraging behaviors of Apis mellifera Linnaeus and Apis cerana Fabricius were observed. Our results displayed that two summits of pollen foraging occurred in the morning before the ambient temperature climbed up to thirty-one degree centigrade and in the afternoon after the ambient temperature decreased below thirty-one degree centigrade, respectively. Notably, the first foraging summit of Apis cerana emerged one hour earlier than that of Apis mellifera. These results imply that Apis mellifera is less resistant to low temperature but more resistant to high temperature than Apis cerana does. The colonies were surrounded by sunflowers with sporadic weeds, while only few maize dispersed over two hundred meters away. However, no more than forty percent of total pollens foraged by Apis mellifera was from sunflower, and which was no more than twenty percent in Apis cerana group. These results suggest that sunflower pollens are not the prior choice for both honey bee species, while the ratio of sunflower pollens foraged by Apis mellifera is more than that of Apis cerana does.
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Hizqiyah, Ida Yayu Nurul, Armansyah Putra, Meili Yanti, Unayah, Mia Nurkanti, and Nia Nurdiani. "Apis Mellifera Animal Study in a Role Perspective Using the Bibliometrix Tools (SLNA Method Application)." Jurnal Mangifera Edu 7, no. 2 (April 2, 2023): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v7i2.159.

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There is no research on the study of Apis mellifera using bibliometrix tools. This study aims to determine the results of the study of Apis mellifera in a role perspective using Bibliometrix Tools. This study uses an approach that uses the Systematic Literature Network Analysis (SLNA) method assisted by bibliometrix tools in the form of four applications OpenRefine, VOSviewer, Bibliometrix, and Tableau Public. The data source used is the Scopus database. This study uses a confirmability test. Journals that publish many articles about Apis mellifera include Apidologie, Insects, and Scientific Reports. Authors who publish a lot of articles about Apis mellifera include Neumann P number 32, Chen Y and Le Conte Y number 20. The years that published a lot of articles about Apis mellifera are 2021 and 2020. The theme network consists of 5 clusters the farther the distance between topics it means that people rarely research about the topic/theme. Apis mellifera is the dominant pollinating insect that helps in the process of pollinating many plants such as blueberries and other roles, namely as medicine, from propolis to honey bee cocoons. Meanwhile, the detrimental role caused by Apis mellifera honey bees and other pollinating insects is as a vector of diseases that causes the carrying of bad bacteria that can attack plants which of course will reduce production yields.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Apis mellifera"

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Thompson, Catherine Eleanor. "The health and status of the feral honeybee (Apis mellifera sp.) and Apis mellifera mellifera population of the UK." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5211/.

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While declines in managed honeybee colonies are well documented, little is known about the health and status of feral honeybee populations. To date no studies have considered the wider pathogen burden in feral colonies, whether they represent a genetically distinct population, a remnant native population or a unique source of genetic resistance. Chapter 2 investigates disease prevalence in managed and feral honeybee colonies. Deformed wing virus was shown to be 2.4 fold higher in feral than managed honeybees. Managed honeybee colonies not treated for Varroa showed similar levels of deformed wing virus to that of feral colonies. In the absence of managing the Varroa mite, feral populations are subject to potentially lethal levels of DWV. Such a finding provides evidence to explain the large decline in the feral population, and the importance of feral colonies as potential pathogen reservoirs is discussed. Chapter 3 investigates the ecology, racial composition and survival of feral honeybee colonies. Over 47% of colonies were lost during the course of this study, confirming observations of large scale losses within the feral population. Only 12 colonies were seen to persist for 2.5 years, although the original queen swarmed or was replaced during this time. Feral colonies were shown to be genetically similar to local managed colonies, differing, albeit significantly, by only 2.3%. The implications for feral honeybee health are explored. Feral colonies are highly introgressed and do not represent remnant populations of A. m. mellifera. Breeding efforts for the native bee are explored in Chapter 4 and 5. Honeybee colonies within breeding programs are shown to be of variable purity, but most successfully maintaining stocks at a higher level of A. m. mellifera than the background average from FERAs Random Apiary Survey samples. Methods to improve the success of breeding efforts and move the selection focus away from indices based wing morphometry are discussed.
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Katinienė, Aurelija. "Tranų (apis mellifera l.) skraidymo ritmai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_170848-57136.

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2004 ir 2006 m. birželio – rugpjūčio mėn. buvo tiriama medunešių bičių (Apis mellifera L.) tranų skraidymo pradžia, tranų skraidymo dinamika dienos metu ir kokią įtaką jai daro aplinkos temperatūra. Įvertintas išskrendančių ir atskrendančių į tą pačią bičių šeimą tranų skaičius bei tranų skridimas į svetimas bi��ių šeimas. Ištirta 6 stipresnės ir 5 silpnesnės bičių šeimos. Buvo skaičiuojami per 2 min. iš avilio išskridę, po to per 2 min. į avilį atskridę tranai. Kiekvienos bičių šeimos tranai buvo pažymėti skirtinga spalva. Žymėti tranai turėjo savo individualius numerius. Tyrimų rezultatai parodė, tranai pradeda skraidyti 5 parų amžiaus. Tranų skraidymas dieną prasideda nuo 12 val., o baigiasi 18 val. Jų išskridimas iš bičių šeimų pasiekia maksimumą apie 15 val., o sugrįžimas po skraidymo – apie 17 val. Esant daugiau nei 25ºC šilumos tranų skridimas iš šeimų pasiekia maksimumą apie 15 – 16 val., o sugrįžimas į jas – apie 17val. Kiekvienoje bičių šeimoje yra pusiausvyra tarp išskrendančių ir atskrendančių į ją tranų skaičiaus. Po skraidymo sugrįžtantys į bičių šeimą tranai yra dviejų rūšių: pasirenkantys tik savo šeimą ir pasirenkantys ne tik savo, bet ir kitas bičių šeimas (daugiau nei vieną šeimą).
During 2004 and 2006 June – August research was made to ascertain honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) drones starting to fly, their flying dynamic during the day and how it depends on surroundings temperature. Were counted numbers of drones flying in and out the same honeybees colonies and number of drones flying to the other honeybees colonies. For research were taken 6 stronger and 5 weaker honeybees colonies. Were counted number of drones flying out of the hive in 2 minutes period, after - were counted number flying in drones for the same period. Each colony drones were marked in different color and every marked drone had individual number. Researches showed that drones start to fly at the age of 5 days. During the day they begin to fly from 12 p.m. and stop flying at around 6 p.m. Highest number of drones flying out of hive is around 3 p.m., flying in - around 5 p.m. Each honeybees colony keeps balance between flying in and out of hive drones. Here are two kinds of drones, returning back to honeybees colony after flying: the ones, who choose only their own colony, and the others, that choose not only own colony, but others too (more than one colony).
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Garcia, Fernanda Wiesel. "Identificação de vírus que afetam apis mellifera associados ao ácaro ectoparasita varroa destructor em apiários do Rio Grande do Sul." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2014. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/586.

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A apicultura é uma atividade de importância econômica e ambiental. O clima e a flora do Brasil somados à presença da abelha africanizada conferem um excelente potencial apícola. Entretanto, as abelhas são suscetíveis a uma variedade de doenças. Vários são os patógenos que podem acometer abelhas melíferas, sendo o foco deste trabalho a relação entre o ácaro Varroa destructor e os vírus que acometem abelhas. V. destructor é um ectoparasita, sendo a varroose, doença causada por este ácaro, responsável pela mortalidade de milhares de colônias de Apis mellifera em várias partes do mundo. Entretanto, os danos causados pela varroose variam com a raça de abelhas e condições climáticas. Embora o ácaro cause poucos danos nas colônias de abelhas africanizadas no Brasil, a coexistência deste ectoparasita com determinados tipos virais pode comprometer seriamente a saúde da colônia, uma vez que muitos destes vírus tem sua transmissão relacionada ao ectoparasita, apontando este como um vetor da infecção. Portanto, faz-se necessária a identificação de quais vírus estão associados ao ácaro e que, possivelmente, utilizam-se do ácaro como vetor. Dentro deste contexto, objetivamos verificar a existência de vírus associados ao ácaro V. destructor em espécimes coletadas em apiários de diferentes regiões do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram realizadas coletas de ácaros em apiários localizados em oito municípios gaúchos. A partir das amostras coletadas, foi realizada extração de RNA total e síntese de cDNA. O cDNA sintetizado foi submetido à PCR utilizando-se 9 pares de primers para detecção de vírus que afetam abelhas e um par de primers para controle endógeno. As amostras foram submetidas a eletroforese em gel de agarose. Identificou-se, em três apiários, a presença dos vírus SBV (Vírus da Cria Ensacada) e VDV-1 (Vírus Varroa destructor-1) associados ao ácaro V. destructor. Estes dados são inéditos uma vez que estudos semelhantes nunca foram realizados no Brasil ou em abelhas africanizadas e poderão servir de base no desenvolvimento de programas de controle deste parasita.
Beekeeping is an activity that has both economic and environmental importance. Brazil has excellent climate and flora for beekeeping, and alongside the presence of Africanized bee populations, it has great potential for apiculture. However, Apis mellifera bees are susceptible to a variety of diseases. There are several pathogens that can affect honeybees and the focus of this work is to assess the relationship between the Varroa destructor mite and viruses that affect bees in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. V. destructor is an ectoparasite and the disease caused by this mite may be responsible for the death of thousands of colonies of A. mellifera in several parts of the world. However, the damage caused by the varroa mite vary according to the race of the affected bees and weather conditions. Although the varroa mite cause little damage in colonies of Africanized bees in Brazil, the coexistence of this ectoparasite with certain types of viruses can seriously compromise the health of the colony, since many of these viruses use the mite for transmission, pointing this as a probable vector. Therefore, it is necessary to identify which viruses are associated with the mite and that possibly use it as vector. Within this context, the objective of this work is to verify the presence of viruses associated with the V. destructor mite in specimens collected in apiaries in different regions of Rio Grande do Sul. Mite collections were made in apiaries located in eight different cities in the state. Collected samples were subjected to total RNA extrection and cDNA synthesis was performed. The synthesized cDNA was subjected to PCR using nine primer pairs for detection of viruses affecting bee and one pair of primers for endogenous control. Amplified samples were subjected to electrophoresis on agarose gel. With this work, we have been able to identify in the presence of SBV and VDV-1 virus associated with V. destructor mite in three different apiaries. The obtained data are novel, since similar studies have never been conducted before in Brazil or using Africanized bee colonies, and could be used as basis in development of control strategies of this parasite.
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Lindström, Malin. "Detection of Honey Bee Viruses in Apis mellifera and Apis cerana." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154663.

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Two species of bees in the genus Apis, real honey bees, has long been of interest for man. These two are the European honey bee, Apis mellifera, and the Asian honey bee, Apis cerana. In Vietnam, beekeeping is of great importance, both with A.cerana and A.mellifera. The aim of this project was to investigate if the introduction of the European honey bee in Asia has affected the Asian honey bee, and whether different pathogens from A.mellifera have been transferred to A.cerana. Totally 40 samples, 20 from every species, were analysed for 8 different viruses. RNA was extracted and analysed with qRT-PCR. The results showed that 5 different viruses were present in the samples, DWV, CBPV, BQCV, SPV and SBV. SPV and SBV were only found occasionally while DWV, CBPV and BQCV were present in the majority of the samples. Differences in virus titres between the two bee species were significant for CBPV and BQCV, however the result for DWV titres was not considered significant. DWV therefore seem to be a ubiquitous virus in Vietnamese beekeeping irrespective of species. Further, the results cannot describe the influence or origin of the viruses but only confirm their presence. Additional investigations are needed in order to answer this question.
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ARAÚJO, Whakamys Lourenço de. "Toxicidade de neonicotinóides sobre abelhas (Apis mellifera)." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/726.

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O cultivo do meloeiro (Cucumis melo L.) é de grande importância para a economia brasileira. Seu cultivo tem demonstrado significativa expansão nas duas últimas décadas, especialmente nas regiões Semiáridas do Nordeste. Apesar dos fatores favoráveis à produtividade do meloeiro, vale salientar fatores limitantes, destacando-se os danos ocasionados por pragas que destroem o cultivo e, consequentemente, diminuindo a colheita, obrigando que medidas de controle sejam adotadas. Entres estas, estão aplicações de inseticidas químicos, entre eles os neonicotinoides. Estudos têm demonstrado os danos colaterais destes inseticidas a insetos benéficos como abelhas, que por sua vez são de fundamental importância para a polinização de 90% das angiospermas, principalmente para o melão. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a toxicidade de neonicotinoides empregados para o controle de pragas na cultura do meloeiro à abelhas A. mellifera Linnaeus. Os bioensaios foram realizados em laboratório, sendo tomadas medidas repetidas no tempo de mortalidade para os produtos comerciais Actara 250 WG (tiametoxam), Evidence 700 WG (imidacloprid), Mospilan (acetamipride) e Orfeu (acetamipride). A exposição das abelhas aos compostos foi realizada por meio de pulverização e ingestão de alimento contaminado com as maiores e menores doses recomendadas pelos fabricantes. Independente do modo de exposição, tiametoxam, imidaclopride e acetamipride (duas formulações) foram tóxicos, diminuindo o tempo de vida útil das abelhas em até 1, 2, 11 e 11 dias, respectivamente, quando comparados com a testemunha, que por sua vez sobreviveram 18 dias, em média. O inseticida tiametoxam foi extremamente tóxico quando pulverizado sobre as abelhas, bem como quando contaminante da dieta ingerida. O imidaclopride também apresentou toxicidade em ambos os experimentos, sendo depois do tiametoxam o mais tóxicos. O inseticida acetamipride apresentou toxicidade, porém não tão alta, quanto às observadas com o tiametoxam e o imidaclopride.
The cultivation of melon (Cucumis melo L.) is of great importance for the Brazilian economy, especially in semiarid regions of the Northeast. Despite the favorable factors to the yield of melon other limiting factors have been highlighted as the damage caused by pests, which undertake to harvest, requiring that control measures are adopted. Among these are applications of chemical insecticides, including the neonicotinoids. Studies have shown the collateral damage of these insecticides to beneficial insects like bees, important pollinators of 90% of angiosperms, mainly to melon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of neonicotinoids used for pest control in the melon crop to Linnaeus honeybees. Bioassays were performed in the laboratory, being taken repeated measures in time to mortality commercial products Actara 250 WG (thiamethoxam), Evidence 700 WG (imidacloprid), Mospilan (acetamiprid) and Orpheus (acetamiprid) (two formulations). The exposure of bees to the compounds was performed by spraying and ingestion of food contaminated with higher and lower doses recommended by the manufacturers. Regardless of the exposure mode, all insecticides were toxic, reducing the useful life of bees within 1, 2 and 11 days, respectively, compared with the control (distilled water + pure candy), which survived 18 days, average . The insecticide thiamethoxam in both experiments and doses, was extremely toxic; as well as Imidacloprid, the second most toxic. The Acetamiprid insecticide, in both formulations showed toxicity, but not so high as those observed with other insecticides in the study.
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Oliveira, Maria Emilene Correia de. "Polietismo e detecção de vírus deformador das asas em abelha Apis mellifera scutellata (Africanizada) e Apis mellifera ligustica (Europeia)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-27032013-152000/.

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O desempenho das atividades na colônia de abelhas Apis mellifera está relacionado com o funcionamento do sistema de glândulas que as abelhas possuem. No entanto, a presença de patógenos na população pode causar alterações comportamentais que prejudicam o bom desenvolvimento da colônia. O trabalho objetivou verificar se há relação entre a secreção proteica glandular e cerebral nas diferentes atividades desempenhadas por operárias adultas, em A. m. scutellata (Africanizada) e A. m. ligustica (Europeia), e como o vírus deformador de asas (DWV) poderia interferir no desempenho dessas atividades. Foram realizados: testes de proteínas pelo método Bradford no cérebro e nas glândulas salivar torácica, salivar cefálica, mandibular e hipofaríngea de abelhas Africanizadas e Europeias com idades de 0 (recém-emergidas), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 dias; medição da área dos acinos das glândulas salivar cefálica e hipofaríngea dessas abelhas; avaliação do desenvolvimento de atividade realizada pelas abelhas e reversão do processo de oviposição por operárias em abelhas Africanizadas; teste para a presença do DWV por PCR em tempo real, em abelhas Africanizadas e em cérebro e glândulas salivar torácica, salivar cefálica, mandibular e hipofaríngea em abelhas Europeias com 5 e 30 dias de idade; e avaliação morfológica dos danos causados pela infecção aguda do DWV no cérebro e glândulas estudadas. As abelhas Africanizadas e Europeias apresentaram teores estatisticamente significativos de proteínas (p>0,05) para todas as estruturas e idades estudadas. As áreas dos acinos das glândulas salivar cefálica e hipofaríngea apresentaram alterações de acordo com o desenvolvimento dessas glândulas nas diferentes idades estudadas. Foi observado que enxames de abelhas de mesma idade são capazes de executar diferentes atividades necessárias para a sobrevivência de sua colônia, sendo que a principal atividade, desempenhada nas diferentes idades estudadas, era indicada pelos teores significativos de proteínas encontrados (p>0,05). As abelhas Europeias de mesma idade apresentaram desenvolvimento dos acinos da glândula salivar cefálica superior ao dos acinos da hipofaríngea nas idades iniciais avaliadas, diferindo da área dos acinos das mesmas glândulas quando comparadas com abelhas que tiveram o seu desenvolvimento em colônia normal. As operárias podem controlar o estado zanganeiro da colônia. As abelhas Africanizadas e Europeias apresentaram resultados positivos para o vírus DWV, resultado também observado nas glândulas salivar torácica e mandibular das abelhas com cinco dias de idade. Foi observado que a infecção aguda do DWV causa alterações morfológicas nas glândulas das abelhas,as quais apresentam plasticidade no desenvolvimento das atividades, não sendo estas restritas a uma determinada idade. Além disso, a infecção pelo vírus DWV não é limitante em abelhas Africanizadas, mas é em Europeias.
The performance of tasks in the Apis mellifera colony is related to the functioning of their gland system. However, the presence of pathogens in the population may lead to behavior modifications that can harm the proper development of the colony. This work aimed to verify whether there is relation between gland and brain protein secretion for the different tasks performed by the adult worker honeybees, in A. m. scutellata (Africanized) and A. m. ligustica (European), and how the deformed wing virus (DWV) could interfere with the performance of these tasks. The following analysis were carried out: protein tests (Bradford method) in the brain and in mandibular, hypopharyngeal, and thoracic and cephalic salivary glands, in Africanized and European honeybees at the ages of 0 (newborn), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days; measurements of the acini area of cephalic salivary and hypopharyngeal glands in those honeybees; evaluation of the development of tasks performed by honeybees and reversion of the laying workers of Africanized honeybees; test to detect DWV using real-time PCR in Africanized honeybees and in the brain and in mandibular, hypopharyngeal, and thoracic and cephalic salivary glands of European honeybees at the ages of 5 and 30 days; and morphological evaluation of the damages caused by the DWV acute infection in the brain and in the studied glands. Africanized and European honeybees showed statistically significant protein contents (p>0.05) for all the structures and ages studied. The acini areas of cephalic salivary and hypopharyngeal glands showed modifications according to the development of those glands at the different studied ages. It was observed that the swarms of bees with the same age are capable to perform different tasks needed to the survival of their colony, being the principal task, performed at the different studied ages, indicated by the significant protein contents found (p>0.05). The European honeybees at the same age showed higher acini development in the cephalic salivary gland than in the hypopharyngeal one at the initial studied ages, differing from the acini area in the same glands of honeybees grown in a regular colony. The worker honeybees can control the laying workers of the colony. Africanized and European honeybees showed positive results for DWV, which was also observed in thoracic salivary and mandibular glands in five-day-old honeybees. It was observed that the acute DWV infection causes morphological modifications in the honeybees glands, which show plasticity in the performance of tasks, not being them restricted to a particular age. Moreover, the DWV infection is not limiting for Africanized honeybees, but it is for the European ones.
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Yang, Ming-Xian. "Studies on mixed-species colonies of honeybees, Apis cerana and Apis mellifera." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005467.

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The honeybees Apis cerana and Apis mellifera are derived from the same ancestral base about two million years ago. With speciation and evolution, they have acquired many advanced living skills in common, but have also evolved very different living strategies due to different distributions. This thesis is an intensive study of the biology of the mixed-species colonies of these species, the aims of which were to investigate their behavioural relationships and uncover the evolutionary conserved features of their behaviours subsequent to speciation. The results show that the two species can form a stable society to perform normal tasks. First, workers of both species in the mixed-colonies could form the typical retinue behaviour to hetero-species queens, thus indicating that queen pheromones could be spread to and by both species. Secondly, both species did not show significantly different ovarian activation under hetero-species queens, suggesting that the queen pheromones more likely play a role of "honest signal" rather than a "repression" substance in the honeybee colonies. Thirdly, both species could mutually decode each other‘s waggle dances, with unexpectedly low misunderstanding; revealing that the dance language in a dark environment is quite adaptive for cavity-nesting honeybees. Fourthly, workers of both species could cooperate with each other in comb construction, although the combs they built contain many irregular cells. Interestingly, A. cerana workers could be stimulated by A. mellifera workers to perform this task, thus confirming self-organization theory in the colony. Fifthly, A. mellifera workers behaved more "defectively" in thermoregulation, but perhaps because A. cerana workers are more sensitive to changes in hive temperature. Given these differences in strategy, A. mellifera workers‘ performance might in fact reduce conflicts. Lastly, when faced with threats of predatory wasps, both species engaged in aggressive defence. Although they did not learn from each other‘s responses, species-specific strategies were adopted by each of them so that the defence of the mixed-colonies is very effective. I conclude that the two species can adapt to each other‘s efforts and task allocation is reasonably organized allowing mixed-species colonies to reach stability. These results suggest that all of the social behaviours discussed here were highly conserved following speciation. This thesis could provide some clues for the study of honeybee evolution from open-nesting to the transition of cavity-nesting.
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Lubbe, Annelize. "The phenomenon of Apis mellifera capensis laying workers in Apis mellifera scutellata colonies in the summer rainfall region of South Africa." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10192006-175328.

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Simon, Ute. "Regulation of reproductive dominance hierarchies in Apis mellifera capensis workers." [S.l. : s.n.], 1998. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=960860479.

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Neumann, Peter. "Inter- and intraspecific parasitism in honeybees (Apis mellifera L.): the small hive beetle (Aethina tumida Murray) and the Cape honeybee (A. m. capensis Esch.)." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975652702.

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Books on the topic "Apis mellifera"

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López, Miguel Àngel García. Apis mellifera: Drama mitològic. Valencia: Brosquil Edicions, 2004.

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Nowottnick, Klaus. Die Honigbiene, Apis mellifera L. Hohenwarsleben: Westarp Wissenschaften, 2004.

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Holmes, Michael R. Reversal learning in the hive bee Apis mellifera. Wolverhampton: University of Wolverhampton, 1998.

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Stibick, Jeffrey N. L. Action plan: Africanized honey bee hybrids of Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier. Hyattsville, Md.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, 1987.

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Ferneyhough, Benjamin. Olfactory learning, its development and changing role in Honeybee (Apis Mellifera) behaviour. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 2000.

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Cheney, Sheldon. Pollinator bees and beekeeping, other than Apis mellifera: January 1984 - January 1991. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1991.

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Maronde, Ulrike. Strukturelle und funktionelle Charakterisierung visueller Interneuronenpopulationen im Protocerebrum der Honigbiene Apis mellifera. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 1988.

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Brackney, Susan M. Plan Bee. New York: Penguin USA, Inc., 2009.

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Pesenko, I︠U︡ A. Annotated bibliography of Russian and Soviet publications on the bees: (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; excluding Apis mellifera), 1771-2002 = Annotirovannai︠a︡ bibliografii︠a︡ rossiǐskoǐ i sovetskoǐ literatury po pchelam (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; iskli︠u︡chai︠a︡ Apis mellifera) 1771-2002 g. Linz: Biologiezentrum des Oberösterreichischen Landesmuseums, 2003.

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Renz, Markus. Die Populationsdynamik der Bienenmilbe Varroa destructor (Anderson) bei Völkern von Apis mellifera unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Reinvasion. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Apis mellifera"

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Shaskolsky, D. V. "The Honeybee Apis mellifera L." In Animal Species for Developmental Studies, 203–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0503-3_8.

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Bonoan, Rachael E., and Philip T. Starks. "Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)." In Encyclopedia of Social Insects, 1021–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28102-1_181.

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Bonoan, Rachael E., and Philip T. Starks. "Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)." In Encyclopedia of Social Insects, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90306-4_181-1.

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Capinera, John L., Thomas O. Crist, John B. Heppner, Minos E. Tzanakakis, Severiano F. Gayubo, Aurélien Tartar, Pauline O. Lawrence, et al. "Honey Bee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1835–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_1376.

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Sharma, Devinder, Rakesh Kumar Gupta, Kamlesh Bali, Dries Laget, and Jeroen Eerens. "Beekeeping Practices for Management of Apis mellifera." In Beekeeping for Poverty Alleviation and Livelihood Security, 171–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9199-1_5.

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Moritz, Robin F. A., and Christian Brandes. "Behavior Genetics of Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)." In Neurobiology and Behavior of Honeybees, 21–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71496-2_3.

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Gabrys, Beata, John L. Capinera, Jesusa C. Legaspi, Benjamin C. Legaspi, Lewis S. Long, John L. Capinera, Jamie Ellis, et al. "Cape Honey Bees, Apis mellifera capensis Escholtz." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 715–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_485.

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Ostroverkhova, N. V., A. N. Kucher, O. L. Konusova, T. N. Kireeva, S. A. Rosseykina, V. V. Yartsev, and Y. L. Pogorelov. "Genetic Diversity of Honey Bee Apis mellifera in Siberia." In Phylogenetics of Bees, 97–126. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2020]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22405-5.

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Robinson, Gene E. "Hormonal Regulation of Age Polyethism in the Honeybee, Apis mellifera." In Neurobiology and Behavior of Honeybees, 266–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71496-2_22.

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Chen, Yanping. "Viruses and Viral Diseases of the Honey Bee, Apis mellifera." In Recent Advances in Entomological Research, 105–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17815-3_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Apis mellifera"

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Freitak, Dalial. "Vaccinationà la honey bees (Apis mellifera)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.111011.

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Снегур, П. П. "THE AUTUMN FLIGHT LOAD OF WATER BEARER HONEY BEE APIS MELLIFERA IN KAMCHATKA." In ХXIV международная научная конференция сохранение биоразнообразия Камчатки и прилегающих морей. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53657/kbpgi041.2023.64.53.017.

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Mishra, A. K., and D. K. Lobiyal. "Exploring Dominating Features from Apis Mellifera Pre-miRNA." In 2008 International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering (ICACTE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacte.2008.169.

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Withrow, James M. "Emergency queen selection in honey bees (Apis mellifera)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114978.

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Vega Meléndez, Carlos Jose. "Effects of early developmental exposure on Apis mellifera." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.112098.

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Auliciema, Laura, Anita Namatēva, and Solvita Rūsiņa. "Augstie purvi kā medus bites Apis Mellifera ganības." In Ģeogrāfija, ģeoloģija, vides zinātne. Latvijas Universitāte, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/ggvz.2016.01.

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Vitor Celerino da Silva, João, Manoel Luiz da Silva Neto, Layanne Ferreira Bezerra, Maciel Alves Tavares, and Guilherme Lyra Amorim. "PRÁTICAS DE FORMAÇÃO TÉCNICA: MANEJO DE ABELHAS APIS MELLIFERA." In II Congresso Internacional das Ciências Agrárias. Instituto Internacional Despertando Vocações, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31692/2526-7701.iicointerpdvagro.2017.00530.

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Svistunov, S. V., and I. A. Romanenko. "EFFECT OF VARROATOSE INVASION ON APIS MELLIFERA CAUCASICA PRODUCTIVITY." In Современные проблемы пчеловодства и апитерапии. Рыбное: Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный научный центр пчеловодства", 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51759/pchel_api_2021_255.

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Bordier, Célia. "Effects of simulated heat waves on honeybees (Apis mellifera)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.111210.

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Nino, Elina Lastro. "Regulation of honey bee queen (Apis mellifera) reproductive changes." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115701.

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Reports on the topic "Apis mellifera"

1

Martínez Sarmiento, Rodrigo Alfredo, Nelly Carolina Ortega Flórez, William Dayam Maldonado Quintero, and Vásquez Romero Rodrigo Efrén. Manual técnico de apicultura: abeja (Apis mellifera). Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.manual.2012.1.

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La apicultura es un sistema competitivo, equitativo y sostenible por el bajo uso de insumos e impacto ambiental, y por ser promotor del desarrollo tecnológico, debido a que es generador de empleo, productor de alimentos y mejorador de la calidad de vida de sus trabajadores.
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Vásquez Romero, Rodrigo Efrén, and Mónica Cepeda Granados. Prueba de acicalamiento para abejas Apis mellifera. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.infografia.2020.2.

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Vásquez Romero, Rodrigo Efrén, and Mónica Cepeda Granados. Prueba para evaluar genes higiénicos en abejas Apis mellifera. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.infografia.2020.1.

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Ivanova, Evgeniya N., Stanimila R. Nikolova, and Plamen P. Petrov. Genetic Di versity and Differentiation among Apis mellifera Populations in Bulgaria. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.11.09.

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BENDER, SUSAN FAE ANN, PHILIP J. RODACY, JAMES L. BARNETT, and GARY L. BENDER. Detection of Methyl Salicylate Transforted by Honeybees (Apis mellifera) Using Solid Phase Microextration (SPME) Fibers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/789575.

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Vásquez Romero, Rodrigo Efrén, Nelly Carolina Ortega Flórez, and Mónica Cepeda Granados. Monitoreo de Varroa destructor en sistemas de producción apícola. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.plegable.2020.2.

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Este plegable tiene por objeto presentar la información esencial para la identificación y diagnóstico de la varroasis, enfermedad parasitaria que afecta a la abeja Apis mellifera. Con el fin de evitar este parásito en las colmenas, es fundamental que el apicultor lleve a cabo prácticas de manejo y monitoreo regular del ácaro, de forma que pueda identificar los niveles de infestación y logre controlar a tiempo su presencia.
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Chejanovsky, Nor, Diana Cox-Foster, Victoria Soroker, and Ron Ophir. Honeybee modulation of infection with the Israeli acute paralysis virus, in asymptomatic, acutely infected and CCD colonies. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594392.bard.

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Honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony losses pose a severe risk to the food chain. The IAPV (Israeli acute paralysis virus) was correlated with CCD, a particular case of colony collapse. Honey bees severely infected with IAPV show shivering wings that progress to paralysis and subsequent death. Bee viruses, including IAPV, are widely present in honey bee colonies but often there are no pathological symptoms. Infestation of the beehive with Varroa mites or exposure to stress factors leads to significant increase in viral titers and fatal infections. We hypothesized that the honey bee is regulating/controlling IAPV and viral infections in asymptomatic infections and this control is broken through "stress" leading to acute infections and/or CCD. Our aims were: 1. To discover genetic changes in IAPV that may affect tissue tropism in the host, and/or virus infectivity and pathogenicity. 2. To elucidate mechanisms used by the host to regulate/ manage the IAPV-infection in vivo and in vitro. To achieve the above objectives we first studied stress-induced virus activation. Our data indicated that some pesticides, including myclobutanil, chlorothalonil and fluvalinate, result in amplified viral titers when bees are exposed at sub lethal levels by a single feeding. Analysis of the level of immune-related bee genes indicated that CCD-colonies exhibit altered and weaker immune responses than healthy colonies. Given the important role of viral RNA interference (RNAi) in combating viral infections we investigated if CCD-colonies were able to elicit this particular antiviral response. Deep-sequencing analysis of samples from CCD-colonies from US and Israel revealed high frequency of small interfering RNAs (siRNA) perfectly matching IAPV, Kashmir bee virus and Deformed wing virus genomes. Israeli colonies showed high titers of IAPV and a conserved RNAi pattern of targeting the viral genome .Our findings were further supported by analysis of samples from colonies experimentally infected with IAPV. Following for the first time the dynamics of IAPV infection in a group of CCD colonies that we rescued from collapse, we found that IAPV conserves its potential to act as one lethal, infectious factor and that its continuous replication in CCD colonies deeply affects their health and survival. Ours is the first report on the dominant role of IAPV in CCD-colonies outside from the US under natural conditions. We concluded that CCD-colonies do exhibit a regular siRNA response that is specific against predominant viruses associated with colony losses and other immune pathways may account for their weak immune response towards virus infection. Our findings: 1. Reveal that preventive measures should be taken by the beekeepers to avoid insecticide-based stress induction of viral infections as well as to manage CCD colonies as a source of highly infectious viruses such as IAPV. 2. Contribute to identify honey bee mechanisms involved in managing viral infections.
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8

Rafaeli, Ada, and Russell Jurenka. Molecular Characterization of PBAN G-protein Coupled Receptors in Moth Pest Species: Design of Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593390.bard.

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The proposed research was directed at determining the activation/binding domains and gene regulation of the PBAN-R’s thereby providing information for the design and screening of potential PBAN-R-blockers and to indicate possible ways of preventing the process from proceeding to its completion. Our specific aims included: (1) The identification of the PBAN-R binding domain by a combination of: (a) in silico modeling studies for identifying specific amino-acid side chains that are likely to be involved in binding PBAN with the receptor and; (b) bioassays to verify the modeling studies using mutant receptors, cell lines and pheromone glands (at tissue and organism levels) against selected, designed compounds to confirm if compounds are agonists or antagonists. (2) The elucidation ofthemolecular regulationmechanisms of PBAN-R by:(a) age-dependence of gene expression; (b) the effect of hormones and; (c) PBAN-R characterization in male hair-pencil complexes. Background to the topic Insects have several closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belonging to the pyrokinin/PBAN family, one with the ligand pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide or pyrokinin-2 and another with diapause hormone or pyrokinin-1 as a ligand. We were unable to identify the diapause hormone receptor from Helicoverpa zea despite considerable effort. A third, related receptor is activated by a product of the capa gene, periviscerokinins. The pyrokinin/PBAN family of GPCRs and their ligands has been identified in various insects, such as Drosophila, several moth species, mosquitoes, Triboliumcastaneum, Apis mellifera, Nasoniavitripennis, and Acyrthosiphon pisum. Physiological functions of pyrokinin peptides include muscle contraction, whereas PBAN regulates pheromone production in moths plus other functions indicating the pleiotropic nature of these ligands. Based on the alignment of annotated genomic sequences, the primary and secondary structures of the pyrokinin/PBAN family of receptors have similarity with the corresponding structures of the capa or periviscerokinin receptors of insects and the neuromedin U receptors found in vertebrates. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements Evolutionary trace analysisof receptor extracellular domains exhibited several class-specific amino acid residues, which could indicate putative domains for activation of these receptors by ligand recognition and binding. Through site-directed point mutations, the 3rd extracellular domain of PBAN-R was shown to be critical for ligand selection. We identified three receptors that belong to the PBAN family of GPCRs and a partial sequence for the periviscerokinin receptor from the European corn borer, Ostrinianubilalis. Functional expression studies confirmed that only the C-variant of the PBAN-R is active. We identified a non-peptide agonist that will activate the PBAN-receptor from H. zea. We determined that there is transcriptional control of the PBAN-R in two moth species during the development of the pupa to adult, and we demonstrated that this transcriptional regulation is independent of juvenile hormone biosynthesis. This transcriptional control also occurs in male hair-pencil gland complexes of both moth species indicating a regulatory role for PBAN in males. Ultimate confirmation for PBAN's function in the male tissue was revealed through knockdown of the PBAN-R using RNAi-mediated gene-silencing. Implications, both scientific and agricultural The identification of a non-peptide agonist can be exploited in the future for the design of additional compounds that will activate the receptor and to elucidate the binding properties of this receptor. The increase in expression levels of the PBAN-R transcript was delineated to occur at a critical period of 5 hours post-eclosion and its regulation can now be studied. The mysterious role of PBAN in the males was elucidated by using a combination of physiological, biochemical and molecular genetics techniques.
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9

Técnicas para el diagnóstico de enfermedades de las abejas Apis mellifera. Abanico Académico, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21929/abanico/2021.2.

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