Academic literature on the topic 'Aphasia – Case studies'

Abstract Objective Subcortical aphasia associated with internal capsule and adjacent structure lesions often involve impaired naming, grammatical but slow dysarthric speech, impaired syntactic comprehension, repetition impairments, and apraxia. Furthermore, neuropsychiatric disturbances, such as diminished motivation and emotional dysregulation are additionally expected given connections to frontal lobe circuits. Overall, the type and severity of aphasia varies following subcortical stroke and the pattern of symptoms associated with subcortical aphasia have not been fully explored. Method The present case is a 34-year-old right-handed African-American female who sustained an acute infarct involving the left splenium, thalamus, and internal capsule, who was evaluated at bedside. Results Upon initial exam, the patient was aphasic, exhibiting difficulties with expression, fluctuating comprehension and frequent paraphasic errors. Repetition and single-step command following were impaired and apraxia was evident. She demonstrated poor insight and awareness into her current deficits. She additionally demonstrated low motivation and mild emotional dysregulation with heightened anxiety and depression. During recovery she demonstrated improved comprehension, verbal output, and reduced emotionality. Conclusions Consistent with previous studies, this case demonstrates the extreme variability of subcortical lesions in their aphasic manifestations and may suggest that subcortical aphasias are generally milder than that of cortical aphasias with generally faster symptom recovery.

Conventional understanding of acute onset language deficits indicates that fluent aphasias are due to perisylvian lesions in the dominant hemisphere, most often in the setting of acute stroke. Case studies and retrospective analyses, however, suggest the need to keep ictal phenomena as an alternative diagnostic possibility. The following case illustrates an epileptic mechanism of sudden onset fluent aphasia mimicking an acute stroke presentation. We utilize the case to illustrate means by which to differentiate stroke versus ictal etiology by way of electroencephalography/response to antiseizure drugs as well as perfusion/diffusion imaging. We review the literature case reports to demonstrate that isolated fluent aphasia typically localizes to left-hemispheric, temporal foci. Finally, we provide a brief synthesis of potential neurologic mechanisms by which left temporal lesions may cause fluent aphasia.

Abstract: Taking into account the difficulties faced by aphasic subjects in the utterances production and comprehension, both oral and written, this study aims at discussing the continuous work positive impacts, using Zoom and WhatsApp, during the pandemic period, while developing language activities with GB, a young aphasic woman, who attends the Center for Aphasic Individuals (Institute of Language Studies from the State University of Campinas, Unicamp). The longitudinal study is supported by an ongoing doctoral research, developed by the Group of Language Studies on Aging and Pathologies. The present article follows the theoretical-methodological principles based on enunciative-discursive neurolinguistics (Coudry, 1986, 1988) with focus on qualitative research and case studies. Based also on Luria’s (1981, 1986) and Vygotsky’s (2000 [1984]) neuropsychology, the brain is understood as a system that operates from the joint and integrated activity of functional units, emphasizing the social relations mediated by culturally developed symbols. In addition, Bakhtinian categories (Novaes-Pinto, 1999) allow us to analyze the dialogic processes, considering language production effective contexts, in order to understand the neurological damage impact on linguistic-cognitive functioning. For this, we bring some clippings of virtual interactions between the researcher (Idb) and GB, emphasizing the epi- and metalinguistic work that constitute discursive reorganization processes developed. By providing different features, the digital tools bring new possibilities for creating meaningful alternative strategies, generating a fundamental network that brings benefits to aphasics, while becoming an object of interest for research in several areas. Keywords: Aphasias; neurolinguistics; reading; writing; epilinguistics

Inflectional morphology difficulties are typically reported in non-fluent aphasia with agrammatism, but a growing number of studies show that they can also be present in fluent aphasia. In agrammatism, morphological difficulties are conceived as the consequence of impaired phonological encoding and would affect regular verbs more than irregular verbs. However, studies show that inflectional morphology difficulties concern both regular and irregular verbs, and that their origin could be more conceptual/semantic in nature. Additionally, studies report more pronounced impairments for the processing of the past tense compared to other tenses. The goal of this study was to characterize the impairment of inflectional morphology in fluent aphasia. RY, a 69-year-old man with chronic fluent aphasia completed a short neuropsychological and language battery and three experimental tasks of inflectional morphology. The tasks assessed the capacity to select the correct inflected form of a verb based on time information, to access the time information included in an inflectional morpheme, and to produce verbs with tense inflection. His performance was compared to a group of five adults without language impairments. Results showed that RY had difficulties selecting the correct inflected form of a verb, accessing time information transmitted by inflectional morphemes, and producing inflected verbs. His difficulties affected both regular and irregular verbs, and verbs in the present, past, and future tenses. The performance also shows the influence of processing limitations over the production and comprehension of inflectional morphology. More studies of inflectional morphology in fluent aphasia are needed to understand the origin of difficulties.

Purpose: Aphasia in a dextral after right hemisphere injury is called crossed aphasia (CA). We are reporting a first case of transformation of motor aphasia to conduction aphasia after right hemisphere intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) associated with arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with literature reviews.Methods: A case of a man in his 30s with CA following right hemisphere ICH in the temporal-parietal lobe associated with AVM was reviewed. We analyzed his brain images, initial linguistic characteristics, and changes in aphasia for 8 weeks of follow-up.Results: The initial Paradise Korean Western Aphasia Battery Revised (PK-WAB-R) was evaluated as aphasia quotient (AQ) 72, 64%ile; post evaluation was evaluated AQ 95, 98.9%ile after 8 weeks. The post-test repetition score was the patient score range, which can be attributed to impairment in phonological short-term memory. The patient is diagnosed anomalous CA based on Alexander et al., and we could predict that the language ability originates from both hemispheres based on Nagaraja et al. Considering the appearance of Gerstmann syndrome at the beginning of the onset, we could expect that the function of the dominant parietal lobe is partially crossed as well.Conclusion: Changes in aphasia were reported throughout the initial stage to the end of speech therapy. It is also important to note that literature review of Korean studies was analyzed in this study. It will be necessary to conduct a cognitive test in the early stage of onset to understand the language problems of crossed conduction aphasia to know the characteristics of the cognitive process.

I report a series of single case studies involving an aphasic patient, H.G., which illustrates both the usefulness and the limitations of cognitive neuropsychological models and methods in aphasia rehabilitation. The first set of experiments analyze H.G.'s pattern of performance across lexical tasks in order to identify the loci of her damage to the cognitive mechanisms underlying the tasks of naming, comprehension, repetition, reading, and spelling. The second set of studies evaluates her response to two different types of treatment and identifies a few of the variables that influence the effectiveness of treatment. (JINS, 1998, 4, 648–660.)

Slowly progressive aphasia has been found in 8 published cases, 2 of whom progressed over a period of years to generalized dementia. Positron emission tomography demonstrated decreased glucose metabolism in the left perisylvian region in 2 cases. We describe a patient who had slowly progressive aphasia and developed generalized Alzheimer's dementia 7 years after presentation. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of concomitant disease. Computerized tomography showed generalized atrophy more marked on the left perisylvian region late in the disease, when EEG showed generalized slowing more marked on the same area. Slowly progressive aphasia of old age should be considered a separate entity until further studies elucidate its relation to Alzheimer's dementia.

This study presents three single case investigations of sentence processing disorders in aphasia. Assessment of the subjects was guided by models of normal sentence production and comprehension, and involved several new tests which were developed to investigate particular aspects of processing. The assessment phase generated hypotheses about where the processing system was breaking down for each patient. Although all three subjects showed disordered verb retrieval and use, different processing impairments were identified. The first subject had a deficit in the connections between verbs' semantic and phonological representations. The second subject had a hypothesised deficit in the early message level processes. The third subject had a semantic verb deficit which particularly impaired access to verbs' thematic information. Therapies were developed in the light of these hypotheses. Post therapy evaluation showed that all subjects made significant gains, although the nature and extent of their gains varied. These treatment responses are interpreted against the presumed cognitive models. The concluding discussion addresses a number of theoretical questions about the nature of the language processing system and how therapy may influence the workings of that system. Possible future directions for research are proposed.

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Desde o início dos estudos lingüísticos das afasias, muito se discute a validade de se agruparem indivíduos para a realização de pesquisas. Alguns autores criticam os estudos de grupo por considerarem haver muita variação entre os indivíduos estudados, e serem os critérios utilizados para os agruparem pré-teóricos e subjetivos, visto que, geralmente, são baseados em impressões clínicas e não são lingüisticamente estruturados. Esses autores acreditam que apenas estudos de caso sejam metodologicamente adequados (Badecker e Caramazza, 1985, 1991). Em oposição, os defensores dos estudos de grupo consideram que apenas esse tipo de metodologia pode dar conta da citada variação, pois estudos de caso não permitem identificar as exceções no desempenho dos indivíduos (Caplan, 1986; Zurif, Swinney e Fodor, 1991). A despeito de todo o debate, poucos autores procuram soluções para a principal causa do desacordo citado, que pode ser considerada uma das maiores deficiências da área: a má seleção de sujeitos de pesquisa. Os critérios de seleção de pacientes comumente utilizados são teoricamente ultrapassados, podendo mesmo variar dependendo dos objetivos de cada pesquisador (Caplan, 1995). A presente dissertação tem como objetivo demonstrar a necessidade de se reverem esses critérios. Por meio de uma pesquisa realizada com quatro afásicos de Broca selecionados pelos critérios clássicos, procuramos demonstrar como a má seleção de pacientes pode prejudicar o desenvolvimento da área por tornar tendenciosos tanto estudos de caso quanto de grupo, aumentando a falta de consenso teórico entre os autores. Para tal, os pacientes foram submetidos a dois experimentos que investigavam seus desempenhos na compreensão de sentenças ativas, passivas e interrogativas QU, de sujeito, objeto e objeto in situ. Ainda, foi realizada uma avaliação desses pacientes sem que se assumissem tais critérios de classificação, partindo-se de uma caracterização lingüística inicial obtida a partir dos resultados nas sentenças ativas e passivas, ficando esta análise isenta dos problemas de seleção de pacientes comuns tanto aos estudos de caso quanto aos estudos de grupo. Como resultado, observou-se que a utilização de uma forma diferente de análise dos desempenhos pode informar a respeito do déficit, bem como sobre a organização do sistema lingüístico, sem a necessidade de se vincular a uma metodologia de caso ou de grupo no sentido tradicional
Since the beginning of linguistic aphasiology studies, the validity of grouping aphasics for research purposes has been widely debated. Some authors criticize group studies because they believe there is too much variation among individuals performance and consider the criteria used for grouping patients together to be subjective and pre-theoretical, since those are usually defined by clinical impressions and are not linguistically grounded. Under these assumptions they judge the case studies to be the only adequate methodology (Badecker e Caramazza, 1985, 1991). On the opposite direction, there are some authors who support group studies as they believe that solely this methodology could account for the variation, which would be impossible on case studies, in which the identification of exceptionalities on individuals performance is unattainable (Caplan, 1986; Zurif, Swinney e Fodor, 1991). In spite of this debate, there are only a few authors who actually look for solutions to the main cause of the conflict, which may also be considered as one of the major flaws in this field of study. The criteria of patients selection commonly applied in the studies are theoretically antiquated and can even vary depending on each authors objectives (Caplan, 1995). The goal of this dissertation is to demonstrate the need for a reevaluation of these criteria. With this intention in mind, we undertook an investigation of four (traditionally classified) Brocas aphasics comprehension on two experimental tasks which measured their performance on active and passive sentences, as well as in subject, object and in situ object WH questions. The results of these experiments allowed us to demonstrate how a problematic patients selection hinders the development of this field of study, as it makes both case and group studies biased, increasing the theoretical disagreements among the authors. Thus, conversely to what is generally done, we carried out an evaluation of the patients performances without assuming those problematic, pre-established classification criteria, which relieves our work from the problems found on case or group studies, since we assumed an initial linguistic characterization of the patients, considering their results on active and passive sentences, instead of the clinical one. As a result, we noticed that through this different way of analyzing patients performance it is possible to get information concerning the deficit and the organization of the linguistic system, without needing to be compromised with case or group views in a traditional way

The diploma thesis deals with the speech therapy of people after stroke. The aim of this diploma thesis is the analysis of the communication abilities of people after stroke. On the basis of this analysis was created for two person therapeutic material, which was verified during speech therapy. The diploma thesis is devided into two parts. The theoretical part of the thesis analyses the issue of stroke and neurogenic communication disorders on the basis of the current state of knowledge. The practical part of the thesis is performed with qualitatively focused research with the use of case studies, observation and creating own therapeutic material. Case studies describe speech therapy and work with material. The research shows that the therapeutic material is usable in practice. KEYWORDS stroke, aphasia, dysarthria, therapeutic material, case studies

Thesis is focused on special education - speech therapy and summarizes current findings about etiology, classification and symptomatology of aphasia, it also involves different approaches to the diagnosis and therapy. Thesis contains therapeutical materials, the use of which in practice is illustrated by case studies of five individuals with aphasia.

The topic of this diploma thesis is speech therapy and intervention of people after stroke with a diagnosis of aphasia. The thesis consists of four chapters. The theoretical framework is presented in three chapters, the fourth one is an empirical part of thesis. The first theoretical chapter deals with the concept of communication and defines the basic terminology, it also describes the area of the central and peripheral nervous system and its influence on the human's communication ability. The second chapter approaches the issue of ictus focusing especially on etiology and symptomatology of the disease, diagnostics, therapy and prevention. The third theoretical chapter describes aphasia - a kind of communication disorder arising from a stroke. It focuses on the definition, etiology and symptomatology of aphasia, the process of diagnosis and therapy. In conclusion, this chapter also describes the possibilities of providing speech therapy and intervention in the Czech Republic. The fourth chapter of diploma thesis describes a qualitative research that was conducted within two-weeks complex rehabilitation stays for people after stroke. The main objective of the research was to analyze speech therapy and intervention in adult clients after stroke with a diagnosis of aphasia in the chronic phase. Then...

As rapid technological development constantly drives and reshapes the economy, it is vital for learners and teachers to be highly proficient in the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The data collected revealed that the barriers to ICT integration can be viewed as deprivation to both teachers and learners, especially those with diverse disabilities and learning difficulties. ICT implementation is therefore more than just change driven by technology. It is an opportunity to assist everyone, including people from all income groups, policy-makers and leaders to support converging technologies to create a more inclusive and humane future. The research was designed as a case study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted, lesson observations were undertaken and qualitative questionnaires were administered as methods of data collection. The research population included principals and ICT teachers in the Manzini Region. The sample was made up of two principals and 13 teachers. The data was transcribed and presented as raw data and thereafter analysed thematically. The data collected was analysed qualitatively. The findings of the study were that the factors influencing ICT implementation in inclusive primary schools in Eswatini included a lack of skills and knowledge from teachers; the lack of teaching and learning time allocated to ICT; insufficient teaching and learning materials; a lack of motivation and an insufficient number of teachers. Other factors included the lack of support and collaboration from principals and the Government of Eswatini. In view of the above factors, some recommendations were made, namely, that the Ministry of Education should reintroduce ICT in all inclusive primary schools. The schools that offer ICT should consider increasing the time allocated for ICT and enhance Continuous Professional Development (CPD) for ICT teachers. They should also provide for learners with diverse disabilities and learning difficulties a variety of teaching materials such as assistive devices to enhance teaching and learning.
Njengaloku kutfutfuka ngekushesha kwetebuchwephesHe kuchubeka kucondzisa futsi kwakhA kabusha nemnotfo, kumcoka kutsi bothishela nebafundzi babe nelikhono leliphakeme lekusebentisa Lwatiso neKuchumana ngeTebuchwepheshe (i-ICT). Ledatha legcogciwe ivete kutsi tihibe tekuhlanganisa i-ICT tingabukwa njengekuncisha bothishela nebafundzi, ikakhulu kubafundzi labaphila nekukhubateka lokwehlukahlukene kanye nebulukhuni ekufundzeni. Kufezekiswa kwekusetjentiswa kwe-ICT ngako-ke kungetulu kwekutsi nje kuchutjwa ingucuko yetebuchwepheshe, kodvwa kulitfuba lekusita wonkhe umuntfu, lokufaka ekhatsi bantfu lababuya kuwo onkhe emacembu etemnotfo, labo lababhala tinchubomgmo nebaholi, kutsi basekele kuhlanganiswa kwetebuchwepheshe kute kudaleke likusasa lelifaka lonkhe luntfu. Lolucwaningo luhlelwe njengesifundvolucwaningo lwesehlakalo. Kubanjwe emainthaviyu buso nebuso, kwentiwa sifundvo sekucaphela kanye nemaphephambuto elizingasimo njengetindlela tekugcogca idatha. Linanibantfu lalolucwaningo lifaka ekhatsi bothishelanhloko kanye nabothishela labafundzisa i-ICT eSigodzini sakaManzini Eswatini. Lesamphuli yakhiwa bothishelanhloko lababili kanye nabothishela laba-13. Ledatha yabhalwa yetfulwa njengaloko injalo ingakahlutwa kwase kutsi-ke emva kwaloko yahlatiywa ngekwengcikitsi. Ledatha leyagcogcwa yahlatiywa ngekwelizingasimo. Lokutfolwe ngulesifundvolucwaningo kutsi timbangela letinemtselela ekufezekiseni kusetjentiswa kwe-ICT etikolweni temabanga laphansi letifaka wonkhe wonkhe Eswayini, kufaka ekhatsi kuswelakala kwemakhono nelwati kubothishela; sikhatsi sekufundzisa nekufundza lesinganeli lesiphakelwa kufundziswa kwe-ICT; ticukatsilwati tekufundzisa nekufundza letingakaneli; kubete umdlandla kanye nelinani lelingakaneli labothishela. Lenye imbangela kungabikhona kwekusekelwa nekuhlanganyela lokuvela kubothishelanhloko nakuhulumende weleSwatini. Ngekubuka letimbangela letingenhla, kwentiwe-ke letincomo letilandzelako: Litiko Letemfundvo kufanele kutsi liphindze letfule i-ICT kuto tonkhe tikolo temabanga laphansi letifundzisa wonkhe wonkhe, tikolo letifundzisa i-ICT kufanele kutsi tikubheke kwengetwa kwesikhatsi sekufundzisa i-ICT kanye nekwenta ncono Kutfutfukiswa Ngalokuchubekako Kwebungcweti (i-CPD) kubothishela labafundzisa i-ICT, kantsi futsi letikolo kufanele tinake nebafundzi labaphila nekukhubateka lokwahlukahlukene nebulukhuni bekufundza ngekutsi banikwe ticukatsilwati tekufundzisa letahlukahlukene njengetisetjentiswa tekusita kute kwentiwe ncono kufundzisa nekufundza.
Jaaka lebelo la tlhabololo ya thekenoloji le tswelela go tsamaisa le go bopa ikonomi sešwa, go botlhokwa gore barutwana le barutabana ba nne le bokgoni jo bo kwa godimo mo tirisong ya Thekenoloji ya Tshedimosetso le Tlhaeletsano (ICT). Data e e kokoantsweng e senotse gore dikgoreletsi tsa kgokaganyo ya ICT di ka bonwa e le tlhaelo mo barutabaneng le barutwaneng, bogolo segolo barutwana ba ba nang le bogole jo bo farologaneng le mathata a go ithuta. Ka jalo, tsenyotirisong ya ICT ga se fela diphetogo tse di tsamaisiwang ke thekenolooji; ke tšhono ya go thusa mongwe le mongwe, go akarediwa batho go tswa ka ditlhopheng tsotlhe tsa lotseno, badiradipholisi le baeteledipele, go tshegetsa dithekenoloji tse di kopanang go tlhama isago e e akaretsang e bile e le molemo. Patlisiso e rulagantswe jaaka thutopatlisiso e e lebelelang kgetsi. Go dirilwe dipotsolotso tsa namana, go nnile le kelotlhoko ya dithuto mme go dirisitswe dipampiripotsoloto tse di lebelelang mabaka jaaka mekgwa ya go kokoanya data. Setlhophasegolo sa patlisiso se akareditse bagokgo le barutabana ba ICT kwa Kgaolong ya Manzini kwa Eswatini. Sampole e ne e dirwa ke bagokgo ba le babedi le barutabana ba le 13. Data e ne ya gatisiwa mme ya tlhagisiwa e le data e e sa fetolwang mme morago ya lokololwa go ya ka meono. Data e e kokoantsweng e lokolotswe go ya ka mabaka. Diphitlhelelo tsa thutopatlisiso e nnile gore dintlha tse di tlhotlheletsang tsenyotirisong ya ICT mo dikolong tsa poraemari tse di akaretsang kwa Eswatini di akaretsa tlhaelo ya bokgoni le kitso mo ntlheng ya barutabana; nako e e sa lekanang ya go ruta le go ithuta e e rebolelwang ICT; dimatheriale tse di sa lekanang tsa go ruta le go ithuta; tlhaelo ya thotloetso le palo e e sa lekanang ya barutabana. Ntlha e nngwe e nnile tlhaelo ya tshegetso le tirisanommogo go tswa mo bagokgong le puso ya Eswatini. Ka ntlha ya dintlha tse di fa godimo, go dirilwe dikatlenegiso tse di latelang: Lefapha la Thuto le tshwanetse go itsese sešwa ICT mo dikolong tsotlhe tsa poraemari tse di akaretsang, dikolo tse di tlamelang ka ICT di tshwanetse go akanya ka go oketsa nako e e rebolelwang ICT le go tokafatsa Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang pele ya Seporofešenale (CPD) ya barutabana ba ICT, mme dikolo tseno di tshwanetse gape go akanyetsa barutwana ba ba nang le bogole jo bo farologaneng le mathata a go ithuta ka go ba tlamela ka dimatheriale tse di farologaneng tsa go ithuta di tshwana le didiriswa tse di thusang go tokafatsa go ruta le go ithuta.
Njengoba intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe esheshayo iqhubeka nokugqugquzela nokwakha kabusha umnotho, kubalulekile ukuthi abafundi nothisha babe nekhono eliphezulu ekusebenziseni Ulwazi Lwezobuchwepheshe Kwezokuxhumana. Imininingwane eqoqiwe iveze ukuthi izithiyo ekuhlanganisweni zoLwazi Lwezobuchwepheshe Kwezokuxhumana zingabhekwa njengokuncishwa amathiba kothisha nabafundi, ikakhulukazi abafundi abanokukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene nobunzima bokufunda. Ukuqaliswa koLwazi Lwezobuchwepheshe Kwezokuxhumana kungaphezu nje koshintsho oluqhutshwa ezobuchwepheshe; kuyithuba lokusiza wonke umuntu, kufaka phakathi abantu abavela kuyo yonke imikhakha yabaholayo, abenza izinqubomgomo kanye nabaholi, ukusekela ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganayo ukudala ikusasa eliyinhlanganisela futhi elinobuntu. Ucwaningo lwakhiwe njengesifundo esiwucwaningo lwesigameko. Kwenziwa inhlolokhono noma zingxoxo ubuso nobuso, kwenziwa ukubhekwa kwezifundo futhi kwenziwa nemibuzo esezingeni elifanele njengezindlela zokuqoqa imininingwane. Abantu abafakwe ocwaningweni babandakanya othishanhloko kanye nothisha boLwazi Lwezobuchwepheshe Kwezokuxhumana esifundeni saseManzini eSwatini. Isampula yayenziwe kothishanhloko ababili nothisha abayi-13. Idatha yabhalwa futhi yethulwa njengedatha engahlungiwe futhi ngemuva kwalokho yahlaziywa ngokulandelana. Imininingwane eqoqiwe yahlaziywa ngokufanele. Okutholakele kulolu cwaningo ngukuthi izinto ezinomthelela ekusebenzeni koLwazi Lwezobuchwepheshe Kwezokuxhumana ezikoleni zamabanga aphansi ezibandakanya bonke abantu eSwatini zibandakanya ukuntuleka kwamakhono nolwazi kothisha; isikhathi esinganele sokufundisa nokufunda esabelwe uLwazi Lwezobuchwepheshe Kwezokuxhumana izinto zokufundisa nokufunda ezinganele; ukungabi nogqozi kanye nenani elinganele lothisha. Enye yezimbangela ukungabikho kokwesekwa nokusebenzisana kothishanhloko nohulumeni wase-Eswatini. Ngenxa yalezi zinto ezingenhla, kwenziwa izincomo ezilandelayo: uMnyango Wezemfundo kufanele uphinde ufake uLwazi Lwezobuchwepheshe Kwezokuxhumana kuzo zonke izikole zamabanga aphansi ezibandakanyekayo, izikole ezifundisa uLwazi Lwezobuchwepheshe Kwezokuxhumana kufanele zicabangele ukukhulisa isikhathi sokufundisa esabelwe uLwazi Lwezobuchwepheshe Kwezokuxhumana futhi zithuthukise Ukuthuthukiswa Okuqhubekayo Kwezobuchwepheshe kothisha boLwazi Lwezobuchwepheshe Kwezokuxhumana, futhi lezi zikole kufanele futhi zihlinzeke izitshudeni ezinokukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene nobunzima bokufunda ngendlela yezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokufundisa ezinjengamathuluzi okusiza ukuthuthukisa ukufundisa nokufunda.

Context: COVID19 has better known respiratory impacts than cardiovascular1 and high D-dimer as the most significant coagulation parameter2 . Otherwise, paradoxical embolism due to Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) and Ischaemic Cerebral Vascular Accident (iCVA) mechanisms associated are poorly documented3, 4 . We aimed to report an associated case of iCVA and PFO and highlight COVID19 hypercoagulability triggering thromboembolisms. Case report: CTT, 76y, female, hypertensive, former-smoker was hospitalized with right-hemiplegia, transcortical aphasia, dysarthria by iCVA and evolved with headache, odynophagia, fever, chills. RT-PCR-SARS-Cov2: positive; chestCT: 25% bilateral pulmonary involvement, ground-glass opacities. 8days later, was transferred to ICU-COVID-HU-UFJF; D-dimer=827. In 30days, went to ward with O2-dependent pulmonary sequelae; CT-angiography excluded Pulmonary Thromboembolism. Searched iCVA mechanism, ECO detected PFO=2.8mm and Interatrial Septum aneurysm. Prescribed anticoagulants. Subsequently, presented right-clonus, further previous RankinScale=5. Requested brain-MRI pointed lobar hemorrhage with mass effect in recent iCVA’s territory (left-Middle Cerebral Artery). After 10days, a head-CT evidenced partial resorption and reduced mass effect. Patient was discharged taking rivaroxabana. Conclusions: Retrospectively, we suspected that COVID19 hypercoagulability triggered Deep Vein Thrombosis and the consequent PFO paradoxical embolism, which caused iCVA. Therefore, vascular pathologies in COVID19 deserve further studies. Treatment for secondary prevention in iCVA by PFO is uncertain3 .

Aphasia is a language disorder that can cause deficits inexpression and comprehension. Over the past two decades,interlinguistic studies have been using eye-tracking techniques toinvestigate language comprehension and production. Studiesdemonstrate the use of these techniques in populations withneurological or speech-language disorders, including aphasia. Toinvestigate the use of eye-tracking techniques in Brazilian aphasicindividuals, the authors are proposing a study to analyze sentencecomprehension in the elderly with Broca’s aphasia. In thiscontext, this article presents a literature review to define amethodology for conducting the study. The studies gathered in theliterature review provided subsidies to define the screeningprocess, select stimulus, and define metrics of interest using eyetracking. Finally, the previous results obtained from the analysisof data collected with five aphasic volunteers are presented.

Introduction: Since the beginning of the pandemic in December 2019, COVID-19 caused by the infection of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), in addition to the clinical manifestations already, can develop changes in the rate of blood clotting, where there are already notifications of Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) associated with the virus. Objective: To know the characteristics of patients with COVID-19 affected by CVA, documented in the scientific literature. Method: A systematic literature review was carried out, using the MeSH Brower platform descriptors, namely: Stroke and Coronavirus, with an AND expression. The articles were searched in scientific databases: PubMed, MEDLINE Complete and SCIELO. 217 studies were found, of which 04 publications were included in this research. Results: Parallel studies on patient characteristics: elderly, male and comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and obesity, all risk factors for stroke. However, there were cases of young patients affected by CVA after the diagnosis of COVID-19. With regard to neurological changes, the researched articles state that most patients have symptoms such as deviation of the labial commissure on the right, dysarthria, aphasia, hemiplegia and hemianesthesia on the left. Conclusion: Although this incidence is not known, CVA is emerging as a complication of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this sense, further studies on the subject are necessary, since the elucidation of thrombotic mechanisms in patients with COVID- 19 can generate complications to prevent complications such as Cerebrovascular Accident.