Academic literature on the topic 'APETALA2'
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Journal articles on the topic "APETALA2"
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Liu, Z., and E. M. Meyerowitz. "LEUNIG regulates AGAMOUS expression in Arabidopsis flowers." Development 121, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 975–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.4.975.
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LEUNIG was identified in a genetic screen designed to isolate second-site enhancer mutations of the floral homeotic mutant apetala2-1. leunig mutations not only enhance apetala2, but by themselves cause a similar but less-pronounced homeotic transformation than apetala2 mutations. leunig flowers have sepals that are transformed toward stamens and carpels, and petals that are either staminoid or absent. In situ hybridization experiments with leunig mutants revealed altered expression pattern of the floral homeotic genes APETALA1, APETALA3, PISTILLATA, and AGAMOUS. Double mutants of leunig and agamous exhibited a phenotype similar to agamous single mutants, indicating that agamous is epistatic to leunig. Our analysis suggests that a key role of LEUNIG is to negatively regulate AGAMOUS expression in the first two whorls of the Arabidopsis flower.
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Schultz, E. A., and G. W. Haughn. "Genetic analysis of the floral initiation process (FLIP) in Arabidopsis." Development 119, no. 3 (November 1, 1993): 745–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.119.3.745.
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Within the Arabidopsis inflorescence, two distinct developmental phases exist. The early inflorescence phase is characterized by nodes bearing coflorescences and leaves, and the late inflorescence phase by nodes bearing flowers. Four genes, TERMINAL FLOWER 1, LEAFY, APETALA1 and APETALA2 are necessary to initiate the switch from formation of early to formation of late inflorescence nodes at the appropriate time. We have investigated the relative roles of these genes in development by isolating and characterizing new alleles of TERMINAL FLOWER 1, LEAFY and APETALA1, and by constructing double mutants to test gene interactions. We suggest that the TERMINAL FLOWER 1 gene product is part of a mechanism that controls the timing of phase- switching in Arabidopsis. We propose that this mechanism involves factor(s) whose activity changes in response to shoot development and environmental variation. TERMINAL FLOWER 1 influences phase transitions in Arabidopsis, and appears to regulate the timing of expression of LEAFY, APETALA1 and APETALA2. LEAFY, APETALA1 and APETALA2 have partially redundant functions in initiating the floral program. In the absence of any one of the three genes, there is a gradual transition from coflorescence to flower-like lateral shoots. This suggests that (1) LEAFY, APETALA1 and APETALA2 are required in combination to ensure that the floral program is initiated rapidly and completely and (2) in the absence of one of the three genes, the others are activated slowly in response to the mechanism controlling timing of phase switching. Besides their role in establishing the floral program, phenotypes of flower-like lateral shoots in mutant inflorescences suggest that all three, LEAFY, APETALA1 and APETALA2, influence expression of whorl identity genes. Loss of LEAFY results in decreased Class B gene expression, as well as altered expression patterns of Class A and Class C genes. In the absence of either APETALA2 or APETALA1, reproductive organs develop in the perianth whorls, suggesting that both genes should be considered Class A organ identity genes, restricting Class C gene expression to inner whorls.
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Clark, S. E., M. P. Running, and E. M. Meyerowitz. "CLAVATA1, a regulator of meristem and flower development in Arabidopsis." Development 119, no. 2 (October 1, 1993): 397–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.119.2.397.
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We have investigated the effects on plant development of mutations in the Arabidopsis thaliana CLAVATA1 gene. In clavata1 plants, vegetative, inflorescence and floral meristems are all enlarged relative to wild type. The apical meristem can fasciate in the more severe mutant alleles, and this fasciation can occur prior to the transition to flowering. Flowers of clavata1 plants can have increased numbers of organs in all four whorls, and can also have additional whorls not present in wild-type flowers. Double mutant combinations of clavata1 with agamous, apetala2, apetala3 and pistillata indicate that CLAVATA1 controls the underlying floral meristem structure upon which these homeotic genes act. Double mutant combinations of clavata1 with apetala1 and leafy indicate CLAVATA1 plays a role in establishing and maintaining floral meristem identity, in addition to its role in controlling meristem size. In support of this, RNA expression patterns of AGAMOUS and APETALA1 are altered in clavata1 flowers.
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Bowman, J. L., J. Alvarez, D. Weigel, E. M. Meyerowitz, and D. R. Smyth. "Control of flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana by APETALA1 and interacting genes." Development 119, no. 3 (November 1, 1993): 721–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.119.3.721.
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Mutations in the APETALA1 gene disturb two phases of flower development, flower meristem specification and floral organ specification. These effects become manifest as a partial conversion of flowers into inflorescence shoots and a disruption of sepal and petal development. We describe the changes in an allelic series of nine apetala1 mutants and show that the two functions of APETALA1 are separable. We have also studied the interaction between APETALA1 and other floral genes by examining the phenotypes of multiply mutant plants and by in situ hybridization using probes for several floral control genes. The results suggest that the products of APETALA1 and another gene, LEAFY, are required to ensure that primordia arising on the flanks of the inflorescence apex adopt a floral fate, as opposed to becoming an inflorescence shoot. APETALA1 and LEAFY have distinct as well as overlapping functions and they appear to reinforce each other's action. CAULIFLOWER is a newly discovered gene which positively regulates both APETALA1 and LEAFY expression. All functions of CAULIFLOWER are redundant with those of APETALA1. APETALA2 also has an early function in reinforcing the action of APETALA1 and LEAFY, especially if the activity of either is compromised by mutation. After the identity of a flower primordium is specified, APETALA1 interacts with APETALA2 in controlling the development of the outer two whorls of floral organs.
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Bowman, J. L., D. R. Smyth, and E. M. Meyerowitz. "Genetic interactions among floral homeotic genes of Arabidopsis." Development 112, no. 1 (May 1, 1991): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.112.1.1.
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We describe allelic series for three loci, mutations in which result in homeotic conversions in two adjacent whorls in the Arabidopsis thaliana flower. Both the structure of the mature flower and its development from the initial primordium are described by scanning electron microscopy. New mutations at the APETALA2 locus, ap2-2, ap2-8 and ap2-9, cause homeotic conversions in the outer two whorls: sepals to carpels (or leaves) and petals to stamens. Two new mutations of PISTILLATA, pi-2 and pi-3, cause second and third whorl organs to differentiate incorrectly. Homeotic conversions are petals to sepals and stamens to carpels, a pattern similar to that previously described for the apetala3-1 mutation. The AGAMOUS mutations, ag-2 and ag-3, affect the third and fourth whorls and cause petals to develop instead of stamens and another flower to arise in place of the gynoecium. In addition to homeotic changes, mutations at the APETALA2, APETALA3 and PISTILLATA loci may lead to reduced numbers of organs, or even their absence, in specific whorls. The bud and flower phenotypes of doubly and triply mutant strains, constructed with these and previously described alleles, are also described. Based on these results, a model is proposed that suggests that the products of these homeotic genes are each active in fields occupying two adjacent whorls, AP2 in the two outer whorls, PI and AP3 in whorls two and three, and AG in the two inner whorls. In combination, therefore, the gene products in these three concentric, overlapping fields specify the four types of organs in the wild-type flower. Further, the phenotypes of multiple mutant lines indicate that the wild-type products of the AGAMOUS and APETALA2 genes interact antagonistically. AP2 seems to keep the AG gene inactive in the two outer whorls while the converse is likely in the two inner whorls. This field model successfully predicts the phenotypes of all the singly, doubly and triply mutant flowers described.
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H D D Bandupriya. "Expression of Aintegumenta-like Gene Related to Embryogenic Competence in Coconut Confirmed by 454-pyrosequencing Transcriptome Analysis." CORD 31, no. 2 (October 1, 2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v31i2.58.
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A member of the Aintegumenta sub-family of Apetala gene family encoding two APETALA2 (AP2) domains was isolated and termed as Cocos nucifera Aintegumenta like gene (CnANT). The deduced amino acid sequence of the conserved domains shared a high similarity with Aintegumenta-Like (ANT like) genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, Elaeis guineensis, Oryza sativa. Comparison of transcriptomes in different tissues revealed that CnANT transcripts were high in mature zygotic embryo (12 months after pollination; 12ME). Quantitative RT-PCR results confirmed the higher CnANT transcript accumulation in mature zygotic embryos while transcripts were rarely detected in vegetative tissues such as leaf. The expression data and global transcriptome data were therefore consistent across the embryo maturity stage and showed that CnANT could play a role in embryogenesis.
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Okamuro, Jack K., Wayne Szeto, Cynthia Lotys-Prass, and K. Diane Jofuku. "Photo and Hormonal Control of Meristem Identity in the Arabidopsis Flower Mutants apetala2 and apetala1." Plant Cell 9, no. 1 (January 1997): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3870369.
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Widiyanto, Srinanan M., Eri Mustari, Diky Setya Diningrat, and Rina Ratnasih. "APETALA2 and APETALA3 Genes Expression Profiling on Floral Development of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn f.)." Journal of Plant Sciences 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jps.2016.61.68.
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Okamuro, J. K., W. Szeto, C. Lotys-Prass, and K. D. Jofuku. "Photo and hormonal control of meristem identity in the Arabidopsis flower mutants apetala2 and apetala1." Plant Cell 9, no. 1 (January 1997): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.9.1.37.
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Bowman, J. L., H. Sakai, T. Jack, D. Weigel, U. Mayer, and E. M. Meyerowitz. "SUPERMAN, a regulator of floral homeotic genes in Arabidopsis." Development 114, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 599–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.114.3.599.
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We describe a locus, SUPERMAN, mutations in which result in extra stamens developing at the expense of the central carpels in the Arabidopsis thaliana flower. The development of superman flowers, from initial primordium to mature flower, is described by scanning electron microscopy. The development of doubly and triply mutant strains, constructed with superman alleles and previously identified homeotic mutations that cause alterations in floral organ identity, is also described. Essentially additive phenotypes are observed in superman agamous and superman apetala2 double mutants. The epistatic relationships observed between either apetala3 or pistillata and superman alleles suggest that the SUPERMAN gene product could be a regulator of these floral homeotic genes. To test this, the expression patterns of AGAMOUS and APETALA3 were examined in superman flowers. In wild-type flowers, APETALA3 expression is restricted to the second and third whorls where it is required for the specification of petals and stamens. In contrast, in superman flowers, APETALA3 expression expands to include most of the cells that would normally constitute the fourth whorl. This ectopic APETALA3 expression is proposed to be one of the causes of the development of the extra stamens in superman flowers. The spatial pattern of AGAMOUS expression remains unaltered in superman flowers as compared to wild-type flowers. Taken together these data indicate that one of the functions of the wild-type SUPERMAN gene product is to negatively regulate APETALA3 in the fourth whorl of the flower. In addition, superman mutants exhibit a loss of determinacy of the floral meristem, an effect that appears to be mediated by the APETALA3 and PISTILLATA gene products.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "APETALA2"
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Bied, Camille. "Investigating the mechanical contribution of the seed coat outer integument to seed morphogenesis through the study of the apetala2 mutant of Arabidopsis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0007.
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La taille des graines est un trait agronomique majeur : de grosses graines stockent plus de réserves nutritives et produisent des plantules plus vigoureuses. Comme d’autres organes végétaux, la croissance de la graine, chez Arabidopsis, repose sur des interactions biochimiques et mécaniques entre deux compartiments génétiquement et physiquement distincts : l’albumen et les téguments. En particulier, les deux couches du tégument externe jouent un rôle fondamental dans la morphogénèse de la graine puisque des réponses mécaniques spécifiques se produisant dans chacune de ces couches détermineraient à la fois la taille et la forme de la graine. Le but de ma thèse a donc été de tester la contribution mécanique du tégument externe à la morphogénèse de la graine en étudiant les défauts mécaniques et de croissance des graines d’apetala2 (ap2), un mutant d’identité du tégument externe. Le travail de ma thèse suggère que l’activité d’AP2 promeut initialement la croissance de la graine, mais l’inhibe ensuite, en modifiant la composition en pectine et en hémicellulose des deux couches du tégument externe et donc leurs propriétés mécaniques. En parallèle, mon travail prouve que l’activité d’AP2 contrôle aussi la forme de la graine, alors qu’elle n’affecte pas la réponse des microtubules aux contraintes mécaniques dans les téguments. Enfin, je montre qu’altérer les propriétés du tégument externe peut, en retour, affecter le développement de l’albumen et ses propriétés mécaniques. En somme, le travail de ma thèse permet de mieux comprendre comment les interactions mécaniques et les réponses cellulaires aux contraintes mécaniques contrôlent la morphogénèse des plantesSeed size is a major agronomic trait: large seeds store more nutritious compounds and generate more vigorous seedlings. Like in many plant organs, seed growth in Arabidopsis relies on biochemical and mechanical interactions between two genetically and physically distinct seed compartments: the endosperm and the surrounding seed coat. Accordingly, the two layers of the seed coat outer integument play a key role in seed morphogenesis as distinct mechanical responses occurring in each of these layers are thought to determine both the size and the shape of the seed. The goal of my thesis was thus to test the mechanical contribution of these two outer integument layers to seed morphogenesis by studying the mechanical and growth defects of the mutant of outer integument identity apetala2 (ap2). The work of my thesis allowed me to show that AP2 activity initially promotes seed growth but then inhibits it by tuning the composition in pectin and hemicellulose, and thus the mechanical properties, of the walls of both layers of the outer integument. In parallel, my results also suggest that AP2 activity affects seed shape without influencing microtubule response to forces in the seed coat. Finally, I also proved that altering the properties of the seed coat can, in turn, affect endosperm development and mechanical properties. Taken together, the work of my thesis provides a better understanding on how mechanical interactions and responses control morphogenetic processes in plants
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François, Léa. "De la rose sauvage à la rose domestiquée : caractérisation du rôle d’APETALA2L dans la formation de la fleur double chez le rosier." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN029.
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Les roses à fleurs doubles attirent sélectionneurs et scientifiques depuis de nombreux siècles. L’analyse des taux de ségrégation et cartes génétiques indique que le passage de la fleur simple à la fleur double est dû à une seule mutation dominante située sur le chromosome 3. Cette mutation conduit à une conversion homéotique d’une partie des étamines en pétales, soulignant la possibilité que cette mutation impacte certains gènes du modèle ABC. Il y a quelques années, notre équipe a démontré que l’augmentation du nombre de pétales chez le rosier était corrélée à une restriction de l’expression de RcAGAMOUS (RcAG) vers le centre du méristème floral. Cependant, RcAG étant porté par le chromosome 5, il ne peut être le déterminant génétique de la fleur double. Il a donc été supposé que la mutation en cause se trouvait dans un gène intervenant en amont de RcAG.Récemment, nous avons séquencé, assemblé et publié le génome de Rosa chinensis cv ‘Old Blush’ un ancêtre des rosiers modernes qui produit déjà des fleurs doubles. L’assemblage, de très bonne qualité, nous a aidé à reconstruire la séquence des deux haplotypes de l'intervalle contenant la mutation liée à la fleur double. Nous avons identifié, parmi les 631 gènes de cet intervalle, un gène APETALA2-LIKE (RcAP2L) comme candidat plus que prometteur. En effet, il a été découvert que ce gène existait sous la forme de deux allèles, l’un d’entre eux contenant un grand élément transposable, donnant lieu à un allèle tronqué résistant à l’inhibition par miR172, appelé RcAP2LΔ172. Sachant que la surexpression d’un variant résistant au miR172 entraîne souvent la formation de pétales supplémentaires chez A. thaliana, j’ai démontré que la présence de ce variant corrèle avec le phénotype « fleur double » chez les rosiers d’origine chinoise. Enfin, alors qu’AP2 est capable d’inhiber l’expression d’AG en se liant directement à ses séquences régulatrices chez A. thaliana, j’ai confirmé la capacité des protéines codées par les deux allèles de RcAP2L à lier les séquences régulatrices de RcAG, in vitro. À partir de ces résultats, je propose donc un modèle pouvant expliquer la formation de fleurs doubles chez les rosiers chinois et peut-être d’autres Rosaceae, dans lesquelles la protéine RcAP2LΔ172 peut s’accumuler du fait de sa résistance au miR172 et restreindre davantage l’expression de RcAG au centre du méristème floral. Ainsi, la frontière entre les domaines A et C se trouve elle aussi déplacée vers le centre du méristème, ce qui induit la conversion des étamines en pétalesRoses exhibiting double flowers have intrigued both breeders and scientists for decades. Based on segregation ratios and genetic maps, it is known that the switch from simple to double flower is due a single dominant locus on chromosome 3. When present in its mutated form, this locus leads to a homeotic conversion of stamens into petals, suggesting a mechanism involving the ABC genes. A few years ago, our team demonstrated that the increase in petal number correlates with a restriction of RCAGAMOUS (RcAG) expression domain towards the center of the floral meristem. However, as RcAG is located on chromosome 5, the causative mutation was assumed to act as a regulator of this gene. Recently, we sequenced, assembled and published the double-flowered Rosa chinensis cv ‘Old Blush’ genome sequence with a high-quality assembly that helped us to reconstruct the sequence of the two haplotypes of the interval containing the double flower mutation. Among the 631 genes from this interval, we identified here an APETALA2-LIKE (RcAP2L) gene as a strong candidate. Indeed, this gene was found to exist as two alleles, with one containing a large transposable element resulting in a truncated, miR172-resistant, variant named RcAP2LΔ172. Knowing that the overexpression of a miR172-resistant variant of AP2 leads to the formation of extra petals (and sometimes stamens) in Arabidopsis, we investigated the presence of this variant in simple and double flower varieties. The presence of RcAP2LΔ172 was found to correlate with the double flower phenotype in Chinese roses and was not observed in any of the simple-flowered roses studied. Finally, as AP2 is able to inhibit AG expression by directly binding to its regulatory sequences in A. thaliana, I confirmed that both RcAP2L proteins are also able to recognize RcAG regulatory sequences in vitro. A working model is thus proposed for double flower formation in rose, that could be valid for other Rosaceae, whereby RcAP2LΔ172 protein may accumulate due to its resistance to miR172 and consequently may repress more RcAG towards the center of the floral meristem, leading to the sliding of the A/C border and thus the conversion of stamens into petals
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Gonçalves, Beatriz. "Origine génétique et moléculaire, et rôle adaptatif d’un dimorphisme floral chez Nigella damascena L." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112335/document.
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Comprendre la diversité morphologique des fleurs passe par l'étude de son origine moléculaire et développementale et de ses conséquences fonctionnelles et écologiques. Le périanthe est composé d'organes stériles, sépales et pétales, qui jouent un rôle majeur dans le succès reproducteur des plantes pollinisées par les animaux du fait de leur fonction d'attraction.Cette thèse propose une approche multidisciplinaire visant à comprendre l'origine génétique et moléculaire de la diversité morphologique du périanthe et sa signification évolutive, à l'aide du modèle Nigella damascena L. Cette Renonculacée présente un dimorphisme spontané. La forme probablement ancestrale, trouvée en populations naturelles, a un périanthe bipartite composé de cinq sépales pétaloïdes et huit pétales nectarifères. Dans la forme variante, cultivée à des fins d'horticulture, les pétales sont remplacés par un nombre élevé d'organes allant d'une forme proche des sépales à une forme proche des étamines.La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de l'origine développementale, génétique et moléculaire du dimorphisme, par la caractérisation détaillée de la morphologie florale et de son développement dans les deux morphes dans le cadre d'une approche gène candidat. Par analyse d'expression et validation fonctionnelle, nous avons montré que le gène NdAP3-3 est responsable de l'ensemble des aspects du dimorphisme floral de N. damascena, ce qui suggère que ce gène joue un rôle dans l'identité du pétale mais aussi dans l'architecture du méristème, potentiellement via la régulation du nombre d'organes et de la frontière entre périanthe et étamines.La seconde partie de cette thèse concerne l'impact du dimorphisme floral sur le mode de reproduction des deux morphes et leur maintien potentiel. Nous avons caractérisé les stratégies reproductives et la valeur sélective des deux morphes en conditions naturelles dans des populations expérimentales. Le variant sans pétale est peu visité par les pollinisateurs, et se reproduit majoritairement en autogamie. L'analyse de la vigueur de ses descendants suggère une dépression de consanguinité. Par ailleurs, dans notre matériel, il semble que l'allèle donnant le phénotype sans pétale soit lié à un allèle augmentant la valeur sélective. A la lumière de nos résultats, nous discutons les conditions du maintien de ce polymorphismeUnderstanding flower diversity requires on one hand the study of the molecular and developmental origin of floral architecture, and on the other the study of the functional and ecological consequences of flower morphology. A great deal of that diversity can be found at the perianth level which comprises the sepals and petals, sterile and versatile organs that play a major role in the reproductive success of animal pollinated flowering plants through their attractive characteristics.This thesis is the result of a multidisciplinary effort to understand the genetic and molecular origin as well as the evolutionary significance of perianth diversity, using the Nigella damascena L. as a model. This Ranunculaceae species presents a rare naturally occurring floral dimorphism affecting perianth architecture. The putatively ancestral form found in natural populations has a well differentiated bipartite perianth composed of five petaloid sepals and eight nectariferous petals, while the perianth in the alternative apetalous mutant, cultivated for horticultural purpose, has no petals and but is instead composed of numerous organs showing a continuum of forms from outer sepal-like to inner stamen-like.The first part of this thesis was dedicated to the study of the developmental, genetic and molecular origin of this dimorphism, via a detailed characterization of floral morphology and development in both morphs, which laid a foundation for the interpretation of the results of a candidate gene approach. Using expression analysis and functional validation we showed that NdAP3-3 is fully responsible for the complex N. damascena floral dimorphism, suggesting that it plays a role not only in petal identity but also in meristem patterning, possibly through the regulation of perianth organ number and perianth-stamen boundary.The second half of this thesis focused on the impact of the floral dimorphism on the reproduction mode and evolutionary maintenance of the two morphs. We assessed reproduction strategies and reproductive success in the two morphs by studying a polymorphic experimental population in natural conditions. The absence of petals in the mutant form was associated with a qualitative drop in pollinator visitation which resulted in a shift towards selfing. The study of their progeny suggests that selfing had a negative effect on the descendant’s vigor via inbreeding depression. Additionally, in our material, the allele responsible for the apetalous phenotype seems to be linked to a favorable allele increasing fitness. We discuss the mechanisms of the dimorphism maintenance in light of these results
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Filho, José Hernandes Lopes. "Ontogênese do complexo de gemas em Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae) e expressão de PasAP1, ortólogo de APETALA1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-17072015-084101/.
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A axila foliar em Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae) apresenta uma estrutura complexa: de um mesmo ponto parecem surgir flores e gavinhas, além de uma gema vegetativa também estar presente. A origem da gavinha foi interpretada de diferentes maneiras ao longo da história, sendo considerada desde modificações de um ramo até uma flor. Além disso, a ontogenia dessas estruturas tem início em um único meristema axilar, que geralmente é descrito como capaz de se dividir em dois ou mais meristemas (chamado de \"complexo de gemas\"), cada qual dando origem a uma estrutura diferente (gavinhas e flores). Estudos de expressão gênica demonstram a presença do ortólogo do gene LEAFY de Arabidopsis, em meristemas axilares, florais e de gavinhas, em duas espécies de Passiflora. Esse gene é tipicamente relacionado à transição de fase vegetativa para reprodutiva em diversas angiospermas. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou descrever em detalhes a ontogenia das diferentes estruturas originadas no meristema axilar de diferentes espécies, focando em diferentes fases de vida da planta, bem como averiguar a expressão de ortólogos de APETALA1 (AP1), um gene tipicamente relacionado à identidade de meristemas florais e na determinação de sépalas e pétalas. Como resultado, propomos uma nova interpretação para a ontogenia do complexo de gemas, baseada na produção de brácteas e seus meristemas associados. Demonstramos também que o ortólogo de AP1 se expressa de maneira mais ampla do que aquela encontrada no modelo Arabidopsis, possivelmente desempenhando diversas funções relacionadas à manutenção da indeterminação celular.The leaf axil in Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae) bears a complex structure: a tendril and one or more flowers seem to arise from the same growing point. In addition, vegetative bud is also present. There are many different interpretations for the origin of the tendril in this group, ranging from modifications of flowers to side shoots. Also, the ontogeny of these structures is often understood as a single meristem which subdivides into a bud complex, comprising the tendril and flower meristems. Recently, the expression of the LEAFY ortholog was demonstrated in the axillary, tendril and floral meristems of two Passiflora species. In Arabidopsis and many angiosperms, this gene is responsible for the shift between vegetative and reproductive phase. Therefore, the present work aimed to describe, in detail, the ontogeny of the bud complex in Passiflora species belonging to different subgenera, including different life stages. The expression of the ortholog of APETALA1, a gene typically related to floral meristem identity and sepal/petal specification was also assessed. As results, we propose a different interpretation for the ontogeny of the bud complex, based on the production of bracts and their associated meristems by the original axillary meristem, which then turns into the tendril meristem. We also demonstrate that expression of AP1 is much broader than that of the Arabidopsis model, and possibly have many other functions related to cell indeterminacy.
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Bonneville, Jonathan. "Effets athéroprotecteurs de la curcumine et d’extraits riches en polyphénols d’Antirhea borbonica et de Doratoxylon apetalum." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0013/document.
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Les maladies cardiovasculaires représentent la première cause de mortalité en France avec une prévalence encore plus importante à La Réunion. La plupart des décès sont attribuables aux cardiopathies ischémiques due à la rupture d'une plaque d'athérosclérose et à la formation d'un caillot entrainant une ischémie cardiaque. L'oxydation des lipoprotéines de basse densité (LDL) et la dysfonction de l'endothélium représentent des étapes importantes dans la déstabilisation de la plaque, d'où l’intérêt de rechercher un traitement capable de diminuer l'oxydation des LDL ou de protéger les cellules endothéliales de leurs effets cytotoxiques. Les polyphénols sont des molécules antioxydantes très présentes dans le règne végétal. Des études préliminaires du laboratoire sur des adipocytes humain on montré que des extraits riches en polyphénols d'Antirhea borbonica et de Doratoxylon apetalum, deux espèces respectivement endémique et indigène de l'Île de La Réunion, possédaient des propriétés antioxydantes et anti-inflammatoires (Marimoutou, M et al. 2015). Le But de cette thèse était, dans un premier temps, de tester les capacités antioxydantes et cytoprotectrices d'extraits riches en polyphénols de ces deux espèces sur des cellules endothéliales. Puis dans un second temps nous avons testé l'extrait de Doratoxylon apetalum sur un modèle murin d'athérosclérose (souris ApoE KO) pour évaluer son effet anti-inflammatoire sur les plaques d'athéromeCardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in France with an even higher prevalence in Reunion. Most deaths are due to ischemic heart disease because of atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombus formation leading to cardiac ischemia. The oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and endothelial dysfunction represent important steps in the destabilization of plaque, hence the interest of a treatment capable of reducing the oxidation of LDL or of protecting endothelial cells from their cytotoxic effects. Polyphenols are antioxidant molecules very present in the plant kingdom. Preliminary studies on human adipocytes have shown that polyphenol-rich extracts of Antirhea borbonica and Doratoxylon apetalum, respectively endemic and indigenous species of Reunion Island, had antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties (Marimoutou , M et al., 2015). The aim of this thesis was, first, to test the antioxidant and cytoprotective capacities of polyphenol rich extracts of these two species on endothelial cells. Then in a second time we tested the extract of Doratoxylon apetalum on a murine model of atherosclerosis (ApoE KO mice) to evaluate its anti-inflammatory effect on atheroma plaques
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BROCARD, INES. "Etude de genes s'exprimant specifiquement dans le petale jeune de colza : application a la creation de colza apetale." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112366.
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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum est un champignon pathogene qui infecte le colza (brassica napus l. ) en colonisant d'abord le petale. L'ablation genetique du petale par expression d'une molecule cytotoxique pourrait permettre de lutter contre ce champignon. Pour que la structure de la plante ne soit pas alteree, le gene codant pour cette molecule doit etre place sous le controle d'un promoteur specifique du petale. Aucun gene decrit dans la litterature n'est exprime specifiquement dans le petale jeune entier. Par soustraction et hybridation differentielle, nous avons mis en evidence une famille de deux genes, bnp4 et bnp8. Ces genes sont exprimes fortement dans le petale mais egalement plus faiblement dans les etamines. Une experience d'hybridation in situ a montre que ces genes etaient exprimes dans les couches epidermiques du petale. Une analyse de leur region promotrice respective, par deletions et fusions a la sequence codante du gene rapporteur gus, a permis de montrer que le fragment ( 299, + 24) du gene bnp4 confere une specificite stricte dans le petale chez 40% des transformants d'arabidopsis thaliana obtenus. L'expression gus est localisee principalement dans l'epiderme. Ces genes codent une proteine membranaire putative de la membrane plasmique ou du reticulum endoplasmique. Une analyse phylogenique basee sur la sequence d'un fragment de la sequence codante des genes de colza a montre une forte conservation de la sequence parmi les differentes brassicacees etudiees. Le profil d'expression de ces genes est egalement bien conserve parmi ces especes. La molecule cytotoxique employee est la barnase. Des strategies a double composantes par complementation biochimique de deux peptides inactifs sont actuellement a l'etude dans la levure avant de le mettre en application chez les plantes.
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Santos, Júnior Antônio dos. "Análise de populações de Sterculia apetala em diferentes cenários de manejo da paisagem e sua influência no oferecimento futuro de habitat reprodutivo para Anodorhynchus hyacintinus no Pantanal." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2010. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/8429.
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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, 2010.Submitted by Washington da Silva Chagas (washington@bce.unb.br) on 2011-06-02T21:14:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_AntoniodosSantosJunior.pdf: 4075418 bytes, checksum: a9db6bb3ad72f54c6723940e74e215e9 (MD5)
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Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus é uma espécie de ave listada como ameaçada de extinção principalmente pela destruição de seu habitat por queimadas e desflorestamentos. No Pantanal, os casais reprodutivos desta ave são exigentes em termos de habitat reprodutivo, nidificando em 95% dos casos nos troncos de Sterculia apetala. A redução na disponibilidade de ninhos pela perda de árvores maduras com cavidades naturais ou com porte suficiente para sua escavação pode resultar em baixas taxas de recrutamento e gradual redução do tamanho populacional desta ave. Neste sentido, o esforço para a conservação de A. hyacinthinus no Pantanal deve enfocar também a manutenção de populações de S. apetala, avaliando o efeito de deiferentes condições de manejo da paisagem sobre a estrutura e dinâmica populacional desta árvore. O trabalho foi conduzido em três cenários de manejo da paisagem no Pantanal, a saber: Reserva, uma unidade de conservação na modalidade RPPN, Tradicional, área onde a atividade pecuária é desenvolvida com os animais em baixa densidade em campos nativos, e, finalmente, Braquiária, ambiente onde a floresta foi substituída por pastagens de Brachiaria spp., remanescendo árvores da vegetação original. Todas as áreas estavam situadas na sub-região da Nhecolândia, Pantanal, Corumbá, MS. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a probabilidade de reprodução de S. apetala é significativamente influenciada pelo diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) e estima-se que as árvores adultas produzam duas sementes viáveis por metro quadrado de copa. O vigor da germinação e das plântulas produzidas por sementes de árvores de S. apetala isoladas na pastagem de braquiária foram significativamente menor ao observado para a germinação e plântulas de sementes árvores de S. apetala inseridas no ambiente florestal. Os modelos lineares de sobrevivência e mortalidade desenvolvidos para as populações de S. apetala estudadas evidenciam que o desflorestamento somado à presença do gado bovino, como acontece no cenário Braquiária, altera a dinâmica populacional desta árvore, provavelmente comprometendo a viabilidade populacional. Isto ocorre à remoção da floresta, à herbivoria e pisoteio das plântulas pelo do gado bovino e à maior exposição das árvores adultas remanescentes às ventanias, como no cenário Braquiária, aumentar muito a mortalidade dos indivíduos de S. apetala. Um total de 27 espécies de aves foi registrado utilizando as árvores adultas de S. apetala como habitat reprodutivo. Ocorre um processo de sucessão ecológica de espécies de aves que ocupam as cavidades nos troncos desta árvore. A remoção de árvores de S. apetala afeta as taxas de fecundidade de mais de uma dezena de espécies de aves no Pantanal. Tratando-se de A. hyacinthinus deve-se promover o manejo da paisagem pantaneira de modo que as populações de S. apetala não tenham a sua estrutura e dinâmica populacional comprometida pelas práticas adotadas pela atividade econômica, neste caso, a atividade pecuária. A produção de gado bovino no cenário Tradicional destaca-se por ser uma atividade econômica com potencial de gerar riquezas para o proprietário rural, mantendo a estrutura e dinâmica populacional de S. apetala em condições de disponibilizar habitat reprodutivo para A. hyacinthinus em longo prazo no Pantanal. Algumas recomendações sobre programa de incentivo à produção de gado bovino segundo o modelo tradicional de produção e criação de normatizações são feitas. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus is a species of bird listed as threatened with extinction mainly by the destruction of its habitat by burning and deforestation. In the Pantanal, the breeding of this bird couples are demanding in terms of breeding habitat, nesting in 95% of cases in the trunk of Sterculia apetala. The reduction in the availability of nests by the loss of mature trees with natural cavities or large enough for their excavation can result in low rates of recruitment and gradual reduction of population size of this bird. In this sense, the effort to conserve A. hyacinthinus in the Pantanal should also focus on maintaining populations of S. apetala, evaluating the effect of differently on management conditions on the landscape structure and population dynamics of this tree. The study was conducted in three scenarios of land management in the Pantanal, namely: Reserve a conservation mode in PRNP, Traditional, area where the cattle industry is developed with the animals at low density in native prairies, and finally Braquiária environment where the forest has been replaced by Brachiaria spp., remaining trees in the original vegetation. All areas were situated in the sub-region Nhecolândia, Pantanal, Corumbá, MS. The results show that the probability of reproduction of S. apetala is significantly influenced by the diameter at breast height (DBH) and it is estimated that the mature trees two producing viable seeds per square meter of canopy. The vigor of germination and seedlings produced by seeds of trees of S. apetala isolated in Brachiaria spp. pasture were significantly lower than that observed for seed germination and seedling trees of S. apetala entered the forest environment. The linear models of survival and mortality developed for populations of S. apetala study showed that deforestation coupled with the presence of cattle, as in scenario Braquiária alters the population dynamics of the tree, probably compromising the viability of the population. This is the removal of the forest, the seedling herbivory and trampling by cattle and the increased exposure of mature trees remaining to gusts, as the scenario Braquiária, greatly increase the mortality of individuals of S. apetala. A total of 27 bird species were recorded using the adult trees of S. apetala as breeding habitat. There is a process of ecological succession of birds that occupy the cavities in the trunks of this tree. The removal of trees of S. apetala affect fertility rates by more than a dozen species of birds in the Pantanal. In the case of A. hyacinthinus one should promote the management of the Pantanal landscape so that the populations of S. apetala not have their structure and population dynamics compromised by the practices adopted by economic activity, in this case, the cattle industry. The production of cattle in the traditional scenario stands out as being an economic activity with potential to generate wealth for the landowner, keeping the structure and population dynamics of S. apetala able to provide breeding habitat for A. hyacinthinus long term in the Pantanal. Some recommendations on program to encourage the production of cattle under the traditional model of production and creation of norms are made.
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Gomes, Danúbia Lins. "Análise do componente arbustivo-arbóreo de quatro espécies da caatinga com potencial forrageiro, em Delmiro Gouveia e Olho D’Água do Casado, Alagoas." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1649.
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In the Caatinga is inserted a wide variety of native species, mostly deciduous and potential for forage use. However, the use of these species has been carried out without proper knowledge of the productive potential and almost no environmental control technique, there is need for more studies on the native plants of Caatinga. This study aimed to analyse arbustive-arboreal component of Four Caatinga species with forage potential for their incorporation in animal feed in the cities of Olho D'Água do Casado and Delmiro Gouveia, Alagoas. The experimental areas amount to a total of 1 ha of native Caatinga, which was subdivided into 100 plots of 10 mx 10 m, where it was analyzed the floristic and phytosociological arbustive-arboreal component of Caatinga and from this selected four species of arbustive-arboreal stratum with forage potential Pilosocereus gounellei F. A. C. Werder ex K. Schum Byles & G. D. Rowley, Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R. W. Jobson, Laetia apetala Jacq and Capparis flexuosa L. common in both environments, five times each. It was conducted a mapping distribution of the four selected species in the two areas and made bromatological chemical analysis, which evaluated the dry matter content (DM), mineral matter (MM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ethereal extract (EE), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and Lignin (LIG). Questionnaires were administered together with farmers to identify the species used as forage for animals and how to use and management. The chemical components of the species P. gounellei, P. moniliformis, L. apetala and C. flexuosa indicates that the tree and shrub layer Caatinga can be a food source for ruminants of the semiarid region, especially in the dry season; The association of the species P. gounellei that have water and food supply with other species native to the Caatinga that have higher levels of dry matter becomes a viable alternative to ruminant feed of the semiarid region, especially in water-scarce period; The species C. flexuosa is indicated as good forage for animal feed, the dry matter, crude protein, mineral matter, neutral detergent fiber and lignin, and although it has a high ethereal layer content, has good palatability and available throughout the year can be associated with other plants in the diet of the animal; The species P. moniliformis is an excellent forage because the nutritional values present in its composition, achieving meet the nutritional needs of animals, with great availability in the Caatinga, and the ease of handling; The species L. apetala has high crude protein presenting itself as a good food and medicinal option for flocks of semi-arid region; Cattle breeding of Settlements Nova Esperança (Olho D'Água Casado) and Maria Bonita (Delmiro Gouveia) consists of small herds distributed among cattle, sheep and goats raised extensively in the Caatinga; The species of Caatinga producers more use in animal feed are Cereus jamacaru (Mandacaru) Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Angelim), Spondias tuberosa (Umbuzeiro) Pilosocereus gounellei (Xique-xique), identified as the toughest in the dry season; Of the four species analyzed P. moniliformis presents aggregate spatial distribution in the two experimental areas.Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas
Na Caatinga encontra-se inserida uma grande variedade de espécies nativas, em sua maioria caducifólia e com potencial para uso forrageiro. No entanto, a utilização dessas espécies vem sendo exercida sem o devido conhecimento do potencial produtivo e quase nenhuma técnica de controle ambiental, havendo necessidade de mais estudos em relação as plantas nativas da Caatinga. Nesse sentido objetivou-se analisar o componente arbustivo-arbóreo de quatro espécies da Caatinga com potencial forrageiro, visando sua incorporação na alimentação animal nos municípios de Olho D’Água do Casado e Delmiro Gouveia, Alagoas. As áreas experimentais perfaz um total de 1 ha de Caatinga nativa, a qual foi subdivida em 100 parcelas de 10 m x 10 m, onde foi analisado os levantamentos florístico e fitossociológico do componente arbóreo-arbustivo da Caatinga e a partir deste selecionadas quatro espécies do estrato arbustivo arbóreo com potencial forrageiro Pilosocereus gounellei F. A. C. Werder ex K. Schum Byles & G. D. Rowley (Xique-xique), Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R. W. Jobson (Angelim), Laetia apetala Jacq (Pau piranha) e Capparis flexuosa L.(Feijão bravo) comuns nos dois ambientes e com cinco repetições cada. Foi realizado mapeamento de distribuição das quatro espécies selecionadas nas duas áreas e feita análise químico bromatológico, onde foram avaliados os teores de Matéria seca (MS), Matéria mineral (MM), Matéria orgânica (MO), Proteína bruta (PB), Extrato etéreo (EE), Fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), Fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e Lignina (LIG). Também foram aplicados questionários junto aos produtores rurais para identificação das espécies utilizadas como forrageira pelos animais e a forma de uso e manejo. A composição química bromatológica das espécies P. gounellei, P. moniliformis, L. apetala e C. flexuosa L. indica que o estrato arbóreo e arbustivo da Caatinga podem se constituir fonte alimentar para os ruminantes da região Semiárida, sobretudo no período de estiagem; A associação da espécie P. gounellei que dispõe de fonte de água e alimento com outras espécies nativas da Caatinga que possuam maiores teores de matéria seca torna-se uma alternativa viável para alimentação de ruminantes da região Semiárida, notadamente no período de escassez hídrica; A espécie C. flexuosa é indicada como boa forrageira para alimentação animal, pelos teores de matéria seca, proteína bruta, matéria mineral, fibra em detergente neutro e lignina, e embora disponha de um elevado teor de estrato etéreo, apresenta boa palatabilidade e esta disponível durante todo o ano podendo ser associada com outras plantas na dieta dos animais; A espécie P. moniliformis é uma excelente forrageira devido os valores nutricionais presentes em sua composição, conseguindo suprir as necessidades nutricionais dos animais, apresentando grande disponibilidade na Caatinga, além da facilidade de manejo; A espécie L. apetala apresenta altos teores de proteína bruta apresentando-se como uma boa opção alimentar e medicinal para os rebanhos da região Semiárida; A produção pecuária dos Assentamentos Nova Esperança (Olho D’Água do Casado) e Maria Bonita (Delmiro Gouveia) é composta por pequenos rebanhos, distribuídos entre bovinos, ovinos e caprinos criados extensivamente na Caatinga; As espécies da Caatinga que os produtores mais utilizam na alimentação animal são Cereus jamacaru (Mandacaru), Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Angelim), Spondias tuberosa (Umbuzeiro) Pilosocereus gounellei (Xique-xique), apontadas como as mais resistentes no período de estiagem; Das quatro espécies analisadas P. moniliformis apresenta distribuição espacial agregada nas duas áreas experimentais.
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Goncalves, Beatriz. "Origine génétique et moléculaire, et rôle adaptatif d'un dimorphisme floral chez Nigella damascena L." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957587.
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Comprendre la diversité morphologique des fleurs passe par l'étude de son origine moléculaire et développementale et de ses conséquences fonctionnelles et écologiques. Le périanthe est composé d'organes stériles, sépales et pétales, qui jouent un rôle majeur dans le succès reproducteur des plantes pollinisées par les animaux du fait de leur fonction d'attraction.Cette thèse propose une approche multidisciplinaire visant à comprendre l'origine génétique et moléculaire de la diversité morphologique du périanthe et sa signification évolutive, à l'aide du modèle Nigella damascena L. Cette Renonculacée présente un dimorphisme spontané. La forme probablement ancestrale, trouvée en populations naturelles, a un périanthe bipartite composé de cinq sépales pétaloïdes et huit pétales nectarifères. Dans la forme variante, cultivée à des fins d'horticulture, les pétales sont remplacés par un nombre élevé d'organes allant d'une forme proche des sépales à une forme proche des étamines.La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de l'origine développementale, génétique et moléculaire du dimorphisme, par la caractérisation détaillée de la morphologie florale et de son développement dans les deux morphes dans le cadre d'une approche gène candidat. Par analyse d'expression et validation fonctionnelle, nous avons montré que le gène NdAP3-3 est responsable de l'ensemble des aspects du dimorphisme floral de N. damascena, ce qui suggère que ce gène joue un rôle dans l'identité du pétale mais aussi dans l'architecture du méristème, potentiellement via la régulation du nombre d'organes et de la frontière entre périanthe et étamines.La seconde partie de cette thèse concerne l'impact du dimorphisme floral sur le mode de reproduction des deux morphes et leur maintien potentiel. Nous avons caractérisé les stratégies reproductives et la valeur sélective des deux morphes en conditions naturelles dans des populations expérimentales. Le variant sans pétale est peu visité par les pollinisateurs, et se reproduit majoritairement en autogamie. L'analyse de la vigueur de ses descendants suggère une dépression de consanguinité. Par ailleurs, dans notre matériel, il semble que l'allèle donnant le phénotype sans pétale soit lié à un allèle augmentant la valeur sélective. A la lumière de nos résultats, nous discutons les conditions du maintien de ce polymorphisme.
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Gouvêa, Cantídio Fernando. "Estudo do desenvolvimento floral em espécies arbóreas da família Meliaceae." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFS, 2005. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/1682.
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A família Meliaceae compreende cerca de 51 gêneros e 550 espécies distribuídas principalmente na região Neotropical. Incluídas nesta família, estão espécies de elevado interesse comercial para a produção de madeiras nobres. Há carência de informações quanto à biologia floral dessas espécies, que aliada a problemas silviculturas dificulta a elaboração de programas efetivos de melhoramento genético das espécies de interesse econômico da família. O presente trabalho visa contribuir para o entendimento do desenvolvimento floral na família Meliaceae, com destaque para sete espécies de interesse econômico e/ou ecológico: Cedrela fissilis L., Cedrela odorata L., Swietenia macrophylla R. A. King, Trichilia claussenii C. DC., Guarea guidonea (L.) Sleumer, Toona ciliata M. J. Roem e Melia azedarach L. Para os estudos morfo-anatômicos utilizaram-se técnicas de microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Analisou-se igualmente o padrão de expressão de genes do modelo ABC, relacionados ao desenvolvimento floral, via hibridização in situ. Os estudos morfo-anatômicos permitiram caracterizar o desenvolvimento dos primórdios dos órgãos florais e o estabelecimento de estágios arbitrários de desenvolvimento, auxiliando na caracterização da expressão gênica. Estes resultados permitiram ainda a identificação de flores funcionalmente femininas ou masculinas em S. macrophylla C. fissilis, C. odorata e T. ciliata, as quais apresentam dimorfismo sexual. O padrão de expressão dos homólogos dos genes: APETALA1 (AP1), APETALA3 (AP3) e AGAMOUS (AG) foram diferentes daqueles previstos pelo modelo ABC. A expressão dos homólogos de AP1 foi verificada em todo o meristema floral nos estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento, em todas as espécies estudadas. O sinal de expressão concentrou-se nos primórdios das sépalas e pétalas em estágios mais avançados do desenvolvimento, porém um fraco sinal de hibridização de AP1 foi verificado em todos os verticilos. A expressão dos homólogos de AP3 foi verificada nas regiões previstas pelo modelo ABC, correspondentes ao segundo e terceiro verticilos. Porém um fraco sinal de AP3 foi também observado no quarto verticilo, o que não é previsto pelo modelo teórico. A expressão dos homólogos de AG foi restrita à região central do meristema floral, correspondente ao terceiro e quarto verticilos, em todos os estágios do desenvolvimento floral de todas as espécies estudadas. Entretanto, sinais adicionais de hibridização dos homólogos de AG foram visualizados na região abaxial dos primórdios de sépalas e pétalas em C. fissilis, C. odorata e T. ciliata. Os estudos da expressão dos genes do modelo ABC em Meliaceae revelaram padrões de expressão que não concordam com o modelo teórico vigente do controle molecular da determinação da identidade dos órgãos florais._________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: The Meliaceae family comprises approximately 51 genus and 550 species mainly distributed in the Neotropical region. In this family there are many species of commercial interest for the production of noble wood. The lack of information on the floral biology associated with silvicultural problems limits the elaboration of effective breeding programs with species of economic interest. The present work aims to contribute with the understanding of floral development in Meliaceae, focusing in seven species of economical or ecological interest: Cedrela fissilis L., Cedrela odorata L., Swietenia macrophylla R. A. King, Trichilia claussenii C. DC., Guarea guidonea (L.) Sleumer, Toona ciliata M. J. Roem e Melia azedarach L. Morpho-anatomical analyses were done by light and scannning electron microscopy. The expression pattern of the ABC model genes, which are related to floral development, was analyzed by in situ hybridization. The characterization of the development of floral organ primordia and the establishment of arbitrary stages of floral development was done and was important for the characterization of gene expression. These results allowed for the identification of functionally female and male flowers in Swietenia macrophylla, Cedrela fissilis, Cedrela odorata and Toona ciliata, characterizing sexual dimorphism. The patterns of gene expression of the homologous of APETALA 1, APETALA 3 and AGAMOUS were different from those predicted by the ABC model. AP1 expression was observed in the entire floral meristem in the initial stages of development, in all seven species. The expression signal was more concentrated in sepal and petal primordia in further stages of development, although a weak hybridization signal of AP1 was verified in all four whorls. The expression of AP3 homologs was observed in the second and third whorls, as predicted by the ABC model. However, a weak signal of AP3 was also observed in the forth whorl, which was not predicted by the ABC model. AG homolog expression was restricted to the central region of the floral meristem, corresponding to the third and forth whorls, in all stages of development of all seven species. However, additional hybridization signal of AG homologs were seen in the abaxial region of sepal and petal primordia in Cedrela fissilis, Cedrela odorata and Toona ciliata. The analyses of the ABC model genes in Meliaceae revealed that the expression patterns do not agree with the theoretical currently accepted model that determines the molecular control of the identity of the floral organs.
Books on the topic "APETALA2"
1
Unknown. Farnpflanzen (Pteridophyten) und freikronblättrige Blütenpflanzen (Apetale und Dialypetale). IHW, 1996.
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Alberti V. Haller Historia Stirpium Indigenarum Helvetiae Inchoata : Tomus Tertius: Apetalae Staminibus Inconspicuis... Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2023.
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Krishnaswamy, Sowmya, Shiv Verma, Muhammad H. Rahman, and Nat Kav. "APETALA2 Gene Family: Potential for Crop Improvement Under Adverse Conditions." In Plant Acclimation to Environmental Stress, 177–95. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5001-6_8.
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Khare, C. P. "Calophyllum apetalum Willd." In Indian Medicinal Plants, 1. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70638-2_268.
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Hussain, Wahid, Rainer W. Bussmann, and Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana. "Lepidium apetalum Willd. Lepidium sativum L. Brassicaceae." In Ethnobotany of the Himalayas, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45597-2_141-1.
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Hussain, Wahid, Rainer W. Bussmann, and Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana. "Lepidium apetalum Willd. Lepidium sativum L. Brassicaceae." In Ethnobotany of the Himalayas, 1189–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57408-6_141.
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Bussmann, Rainer W., Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana, and Grace N. Njoroge. "Rubus apetalus Poir. Rubus rosifolius Sm. Rubus volkensii Engl. Rosaceae." In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Africa, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77086-4_137-1.
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Bussmann, Rainer W., Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana, and Grace N. Njoroge. "Rubus apetalus Poir. Rubus rosifolius Sm. Rubus volkensii Engl. Rosaceae." In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Africa, 911–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38386-2_137.
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Sadeer, Nabeelah Bibi, and Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally. "Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham." In Mangroves with Therapeutic Potential for Human Health, 297–301. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-99332-6.00015-1.
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Ferreira, Pâmela da Silva Ferreira, Natália Lopes Medeiros, Débora da Silva Souza de Santana, Dáfilla Yara de Oliveira Brito, Emilly Gracielly dos Santos Brito, Selma Lopes Goulart, and Luiz Eduardo de Lima. "VARIAÇÃO RADIAL DAS PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS E ANATOMICAS DA MADEIRA DE Sterculia apetala (XIXÁ)." In Agronomia: Elo da Cadeia Produtiva 4, 227–34. Atena Editora, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.43219040426.
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Panda, Sangram Keshari, Debasis Pati, S. K. Mishra, S. Sahu, B. Tripathy, and L. Nayak. "Investigation on Phytochemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Sonneratia apetala Buch-Ham. Areal Parts." In Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3, 121–27. Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bpi/tipr/v3/4070d.
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Peixoto, Dayane Franco, Marilda da Conceição Ba rros-Ribeiro, and Francisco Leonardo Tejerina-Garro. "EMERGÊNCIA E CRESCIMENTO DO CHICHÁ Sterculia apetala (Jacq.) H.Karst. (STERCULIACEAE, MALVACEAE) EM VIVEIRO E NUM FRAGMENTO URBANO DE VEGETAÇÃO REMANESCENTE DO CERRADO, GOIÁS." In Botânica aplicada 2, 24–40. Antonella Carvalho de Oliveira, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.5511922013.
Full textConference papers on the topic "APETALA2"
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Zuyu Chen and Chi Zhang. "The first AP2 domain of APETALA2 affects petal identity." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5966297.
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