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Yamauchi, Takamitsu. "Transfinite asymptotic dimension and APD profiles." Topology and its Applications 295 (May 2021): 107675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2021.107675.
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Orzechowski, Kamil. "APD profiles and transfinite asymptotic dimension." Topology and its Applications 283 (September 2020): 107394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2020.107394.
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Vinogradov, Sergey. "Avalanche Photodiodes and Silicon Photomultipliers of Non-Planar Designs." Sensors 23, no. 12 (June 6, 2023): 5369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125369.
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Conventional designs of an avalanche photodiode (APD) have been based on a planar p–n junction since the 1960s. APD developments have been driven by the necessity to provide a uniform electric field over the active junction area and to prevent edge breakdown by special measures. Most modern silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) are designed as an array of Geiger-mode APD cells based on planar p–n junctions. However, the planar design faces an inherent trade-off between photon detection efficiency and dynamic range due to loss of an active area at the cell edges. Non-planar designs of APDs and SiPMs have also been known since the development of spherical APDs (1968), metal-resistor-semiconductor APDs (1989), and micro-well APDs (2005). The recent development of tip avalanche photodiodes (2020) based on the spherical p–n junction eliminates the trade-off, outperforms the planar SiPMs in the photon detection efficiency, and opens new opportunities for SiPM improvements. Furthermore, the latest developments in APDs based on electric field-line crowding and charge-focusing topology with quasi-spherical p–n junctions (2019–2023) show promising functionality in linear and Geiger operating modes. This paper presents an overview of designs and performances of non-planar APDs and SiPMs.
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Sharma, Priyanka, and Himali Sarangal. "Simulation and Analysis of Filters Using Different Photodiode and Wavelength in Free Space Optics." Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (May 5, 2016): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2016.5.1.1760.
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Free space optics is a technology which uses beam of light to provide optical connection for transmitting and receiving purposes. For the increasing demand for high bandwidth in different network topology, FSO links has been a solution to the connectivity bottleneck problem. Transmitter consists of NRZ modulating CW laser with the link range 1 km in the wavelength 1310 nm or 1550 nm. When the signal is transmitted in the channel, the performance could be severely degrated due to atmospheric attenuation and earth inequalities. The purpose of this paper is to find a suitable filter for any of the two receivers i.e APD and PIN for the reduction of noise. Filters used are low pass Bessel filter, low pass butterworth filter, low pass Chebyshev filter.
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Widodo, Charles, Marchellius Yana, and Halim Agung. "IMPLEMENTASI TOPOLOGI HYBRID UNTUK PENGOPTIMALAN APLIKASI EDMS PADA PROJECT OFFICE PT PHE ONWJ." JURNAL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA 11, no. 1 (May 4, 2018): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jti.v11i1.6472.
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ABSTRAK Penggunaan aplikasi EDMS di project office PT PHE ONWJ dinilai masih belum optimal karena masih lambat dalam pengunaan aplikasi EDMS. Oleh karena itu dilakukanlah penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk mengoptimalkan jaringan yang digunakan untuk mengakses aplikasi EDMS pada project office PT PHE ONWJ. Pengoptimalan jaringan yang dimaksud adalah dengan membangun topologi di project office PT PHE ONWJ dan menerapkan metro sebagai perantara topologi star di project office dan topologi star dikantor pusat sehingga menciptakan topologi hybrid. Topologi hybrid yang dimaksud adalah penggabungan antara topologi star yang ada di jaringan pusat, metro sebagai perantara kantor pusat dengan project office PT PHE ONWJ dan topologi star yang akan dibangun di project office PT ONWJ. Diharapkan setelah menerapkan topologi yang telah dirancang dapat mengoptimalkan penggunaan aplikasi EDMS. Topologi star di project office PT ONWJ dan metro sebagai perantara 2 topologi kantor pusat dan project office menghasilkan topologi hybrid. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penerapan topologi dalam jaringan dapat memberikan optimalisasi dibandingkan dengan tanpa menerapkan topologi. Hasil rata-rata ping saat pengaksesan aplikasi EDMS sebelum menerapkan topologi hybrid mendapatkan hasil sebesar 392,98 ms dan setelah menerapkan topologi hybrid mendapatkan hasil sebesar 143,50 ms, sehingga disimpulkan bahwa penerapan topologi hybrid lebih baik dalam menjalankan aplikasi EDMS. ABSTRACT The use of EDMS application in PT PHE ONWJ project office is considered not optimal because it is still slow in the use of EDMS applications. Therefore this study was conducted with the aim to optimize the network used to access the EDMS application on the PT PHE ONWJ project office. Network optimization in question is to build a topology in the project office of PT PHE ONWJ and apply the metro as an intermediate star topology in the project office and star topology at the headquarters so as to create a hybrid topology. Hybrid topology in question is a merger between the star topology in the central network, metro as an intermediary head office with PT PHE ONWJ project office and star topology to be built at PT ONWJ project office. It is expected that after applying the topology that has been designed to optimize the use of EDMS applications. Star topology in PT ONWJ project office and metro as intermediary 2 topology headquarters and project office produce hybrid topology. The conclusion of this research is application of topology in network can give optimization compared with without applying topology. The average result of ping when accessing EDMS application before applying hybrid topology got 392.98 ms result and after applying hybrid topology get result of 143,50 ms, so it is concluded that application of hybrid topology is better in running EDMS application. How To Cite : Widodo, C. Yana, M. Agung, H. (2018). IMPLEMENTASI TOPOLOGI HYBRID UNTUK PENGOPTIMALAN APLIKASI EDMS PADA PROJECT OFFICE PT PHE ONWJ. Jurnal Teknik Informatika, 11(1), 19-30. doi 10.15408/jti.v11i1.6472 Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jti.v11i1.6472
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Sukriyah, Dewi. "MATRIKS KETERHUBUNGAN LANGSUNG TOPOLOGI HINGGA." JEDMA Jurnal Edukasi Matematika 1, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51836/jedma.v1i1.125.
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Abtrak:
Topologi merupakan cabang ilmu matematika yang mempelajari suatu struktur yang terdapat pada himpunan. Seperti halnya himpunan hingga yang memiliki kardinalitas, maka topologi hingga juga memiliki kardinalitas. Jika himpunan memiliki kardinalitas dan topologi pada S, maka kardinalitas dari yang dinotasikan dengan menyetakan banyaknya elemen dari . Jika topologi pada S, maka matriks keterhubungan langsung topologi adalah matriks berukuran yang dinotasikan dengan . Matriks merupakan matriks yang elemennya 0 atau 1.
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Himpunan, Kardinalitas, Matriks Keterhubungan Langsung, Topologi.
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Topology is a branch of mathematics which study structures on a set. As a finite set, a finite topology have a cardinality. Let be a finite set with cardinality and let be a topology on S, then the cardinality of which denotes is the number of elements . If topology on S, then the corresponding matrix to a topology is a matrix which denoted by . is the matrix have element 0 or 1.
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Cardinality, Set, The Corresponding Matrix, Topology,
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Ding, Lina, Kristin Sullivan, Chensheng Zhou, Jimena Trillo-Tinoco, Anne Lewin, Catherine King, David Nelson, Benjamin Chen, and Michaela Bowden. "292 Ex vivo profiling of PD-1 blockade using an organotypic tissue slice model in solid tumors." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, Suppl 2 (November 2021): A316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.292.
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BackgroundTumor explant models provide a powerful ex vivo tool to evaluate complex biological mechanisms in a controlled environment. Ex vivo models retain much of the original tumor biology, heterogeneity, and tumor microenvironment, and therefore provide a useful preclinical platform and functional approach to assess drug responses rapidly and directly.MethodsTo explore mechanisms of resistance to cancer immunotherapy, we established an organotypic tissue slice Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) ex vivo system utilizing surgical tumor specimens from patients to assess the impact of the clinically utilized anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab (OPDIVO). In the present study, we built a real-world patient cohort comprised of six tumor types: non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer. We assessed tissue morphology, histology, PD-L1 IHC (CPS and TPS), CD8 T cell topology, proliferation in the tumor and stromal compartments, and secretome profiling.ResultsOur tumor slice model highly recapitulated features of the original tumor, including tumor architecture, immune phenotypes, and the prognostic markers. To identify responses to aPD-1 treatment, we compared baseline values for the cultured tumor slices with values at different timepoints post treatment. Secretome profiling of tissue explant supernatants using a panel of 94 analytes, revealed alterations to cytokines produced in the tumor microenvironment in response to aPD-1 treatment. We found that soluble expression patterns were associated with T-cell patterns (inflamed, excluded and desert) and PD-L1 score (CPS and TPS) in tumor tissues. These cytokines mediate critical functions across the immune cell cycle. Ongoing efforts to characterize T cell activation, exhaustion, tumor intrinsic responses and microenvironment composition using Imaging Mass Cytometry will be presented.ConclusionsIn this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of using fresh, surgically resected human tumors to test aPD-1 responses in an ex vivo system. Further, this model system has the potential to drive discovery and translational efforts by evaluating mechanisms of resistance to cancer immunotherapy and evaluate new single agent or combination therapies in the ex vivo setting.
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SUSANA, RATNA, FEBRIAN HADIATNA, and APRIANTI GUSMANTINI. "Sistem Multihop Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel pada Media Transmisi Wi-Fi." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 9, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v9i1.232.
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ABSTRAKDengan menerapkan sistem multihop pada jaringan sensor nirkabel, pembacaan kondisi lingkungan dapat dilakukan pada lingkungan yang lebih luas. Pada penelitian ini, sistem multihop jaringan sensor nirkabel menggunakan platform IoT NodeMCU V3 yang memiliki modul Wi-Fi ESP8266. Jumlah sensor node yang digunakan merupakan batas maksimal client yang dapat terhubung kepada Wi-Fi ESP8266, yaitu 1 sink node dan 4 sensor node. Sensor node akan mengirimkan datanya kepada sink node, kemudian data tersebut akan dikirimkan kepada website untuk ditampilkan pada dashboard Adafruit.io. Pengiriman data diuji menggunakan 2 topologi yaitu bus dan tree. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, jarak maksimal pengiriman data pada topologi bus tanpa penghalang adalah 72 meter dengan delay pengiriman 64 detik dan topologi tree adalah 108 meter dengan delay pengiriman 14 detik. Sistem multihop pada topologi bus dan tree dapat mengirim data dengan 2 penghalang yang memiliki ketebalan 15 cm dengan delay pengiriman 29 detik pada topologi bus dan 14 detik pada topologi tree.Kata kunci: jaringan sensor nirkabel, multihop, Wi-Fi, NodeMCU V3 ABSTRACTBy applying a multihop system on wireless sensor network, reading environment condition can be done in wider environment. In this study, multihop system in wireless sensor network uses IoT NodeMCU V3 platform which has a Wi-Fi ESP8266 module. The amount of node sensor is the maximum limit of client which can be linked to Wi-Fi access point in Wi-Fi ESP8266 module, i.e 1 sink node and 4 sink node. The node sensor will transfer the data to the sink node, then the data will be transfered to the website to be shown on Adafruit.io dashboard. The transmission data is tested using 2 topologies, i.e bus and tree. Based on the test, the maximum distance of data transmission in bus topology without barrier is 72 meters with delivery delay which takes 64 seconds and in tree topology is 108 seconds with delivery delay which takes 14 seconds. The multihop system in the bus topology and the tree topology can send the data with 2 barriers which has 15 cm width and delivery delay among the nodes which takes 29 seconds in bus topology and 14 seconds in tree topology.Keywords: wireless sensor network, multihop, Wi-Fi, NodeMCU V3
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Khurana, Surjit Singh, and Jorge E. Vielma. "Strict topology and perfect measures." Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 40, no. 1 (1990): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/cmj.1990.102354.
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Netuka, Ivan. "Measure and topology: Mařík spaces." Mathematica Bohemica 121, no. 4 (1996): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/mb.1996.126040.
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Parinyataramas, Jamreonta, Sakuntam Sanorpim, Chanchana Thanachayanont, Hiroyaki Yaguchi, and Misao Orihara. "TEM Analysis of Structural Phase Transition in MBE Grown Cubic InN on MgO (001) by MBE: Effect of Hexagonal Phase Inclusion in an C-Gan Nucleation Layer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.219.
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In this paper, we introduced dbcube topology for Network-on Chips(NoC). We predicted the dbcube topology has high power and low latency comparing to other topologies, and in particular mesh topology. By using xmulator simulator,we compared power and latency of this topologyto mesh topology. Finally, it is demonstrated that the network has higher power and lower latency than the mesh topology.
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Mosafaie, Razieh, and Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan. "Using Dbcupe Topology for NoCs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 2741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.2741.
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In this paper, we introduced dbcube topology for Network-on Chips(NoC). We predicted the dbcube topology has high power and low latency comparing to other topologies, and in particular mesh topology. By using xmulator simulator,we compared power and latency of this topologyto mesh topology. Finally, it is demonstrated that the network has higher power and lower latency than the mesh topology.
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ARYANTA, DWI, ARSYAD RAMADHAN DARLIS, and DIMAS PRIYAMBODHO. "Analisis Kinerja EIGRP dan OSPF pada Topologi Ring dan Mesh." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v2i1.53.
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ABSTRAKEIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) dan OSPF (Open Shortest Path Fisrt) adalah routing protokol yang banyak digunakan pada suatu jaringan komputer. EIGRP hanya dapat digunakan pada perangkat Merk CISCO, sedangkan OSPF dapat digunakan pada semua merk jaringan. Pada penelitian ini dibandingkan delay dan rute dari kedua routing protokol yang diimplementasikan pada topologi Ring dan Mesh. Cisco Packet Tracer 5.3 digunakan untuk mensimulasikan kedua routing protokol ini. Skenario pertama adalah perancangan jaringan kemudian dilakukan pengujian waktu delay 100 kali dalam 5 kasus. Skenario kedua dilakukan pengujian trace route untuk mengetahui jalur yang dilewati paket data lalu memutus link utama. Pada skenario kedua juga dilakukan perbandingan nilai metric dan cost hasil simulasi dengan perhitungan rumus. Skenario ketiga dilakukan pengujian waktu konvergensi untuk setiap routing protokol pada setiap topologi. Hasilnya EIGRP lebih cepat 386 µs daripada OSPF untuk topologi Ring sedangkan OSPF lebih cepat 453 µs daripada EIGRP untuk topologi Mesh. Hasil trace route menunjukan rute yang dipilih oleh routing protokol yaitu nilai metric dan cost yang terkecil. Waktu konvergensi rata-rata topologi Ring pada EIGRP sebesar 12,75 detik dan 34,5 detik pada OSPF sedangkan topologi Mesh di EIGRP sebesar 13 detik dan 35,25 detik di OSPF.Kata Kunci: EIGRP, OSPF, Packet Tracer 5.3, Ring, Mesh, KonvergensiABSTRACTEIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) and OSPF (Open Shortest Path Fisrt) is the routing protocol that is widely used in a computer network. EIGRP can only be used on devices Brand CISCO, while OSPF can be used on all brands of network. In this study comparison of both the delay and the routing protocol implemented on Ring and Mesh topology. Cisco Packet Tracer 5.3 is used to simulate both the routing protocol. The first scenario is the design of the network and then do the test of time delay 100 times in 5 cases. The second scenario tested trace route to determine the path of the data packet and then disconnect the main link. In the second scenario also conducted a cost comparison of metrics and the simulation results with the calculation formula. The third scenario testing time for each routing protocol convergence on any topology. The result EIGRP faster than 386 microseconds for a ring topology while OSPF OSPF 453 microseconds faster than EIGRP for Mesh topology. The results showed trace route chosen by the routing protocol metric value and cost is the smallest. Average convergence time in the EIGRP topology Ring of 12.75 seconds and 34.5 seconds, while the Mesh topology in an OSPF EIGRP for 13 seconds and 35.25 seconds in OSPF.Keywords: EIGRP,OSPF, Packet Tracer 5.3, Ring, Mesh, Convergence
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EL-MONSEF, M. E. ABD, A. M. KOZAE, and A. A. ABO KHADRA. "CO-RS-COMPACT TOPOLOGIES." Tamkang Journal of Mathematics 24, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5556/j.tkjm.24.1993.4504.
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A topology $R(\tau)$ is contructed from a given topolgy $\tau$ on a set $X$ . $R(\tau)$ is coarser than $\tau$, and the following are some results based on this topology:
1. Continuity and RS-continuity are equivalent if the codomain is re topologized by $R(\tau)$.
2. The class of semi-open sets with respect to $R(\tau)$ is a topology.
3. $T_2$ and semi-$T_2$ properties are equivalent on a space whose topology is $R(\tau)$.
4. Minimal $R_0$-spaces are RS-compact:
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Ali, Iman Abbas, and Asmhan Flieh Hassan. "The Independent Incompatible Edges Topology on Di-graphs." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2322, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2322/1/012010.
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Abstract This sheet offers a novel topology for di-graphs termed independent incompatible edges topology, which creates the topology from the edges set 𝕶 for whatever di-graph. On edges 𝕶, a family of sub-basis is used for build the independent incompatible edges topology. After that, we look at assorted properties; explore the Independent Incompatible Edge Topology on some types of di-graphs. In addition, this topology’s some initial results were studied. Our objective is to understand several aspects of any di-graph using it is corresponding independent incompatible edges topology, the topology that is discussed in this paper.
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Roslan, Muhammad Amirul Asyraf, Nadia Nazieha Nanda, and Siti Hajar Yusoff. "SERIES-SERIES AND SERIES-PARALLEL COMPENSATION TOPOLOGIES FOR DYNAMIC WIRELESS CHARGING." IIUM Engineering Journal 22, no. 2 (July 4, 2021): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v22i2.1660.
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Electric vehicles (EV) have gained worldwide attention since the implementation of a wireless power transfer (WPT) to charge their batteries. With WPT, it can be very convenient for EV to be charged dynamically. Nevertheless, there are some issues in dynamic WPT, such as maintaining the power transfer efficiency. Several factors that lead to these problems include disruption of the alignment and the optimum distance between the transmitter and receiver coils. It is thus contributing to the loss of power efficiency when charging the EV. Not to mention, manufacturers build different specifications of EV charging station for different types of EV models in order to meet customer demands. An incompatible charging device will not utilize EV wireless charging to its maximum potential. Hence, to improve the power output capability as well as stabilizing the maximum power transfer during the charging process, a compensation circuit is added to the system. This article focuses on comparing two available compensation circuits (series-series (SS) topology and series-parallel (SP) topology) under the application of dynamic wireless charging. The simulations are conducted using NI Multisim based on the relationship of power transfer efficiency with resonance frequency, coefficient of coupling, and the load resistance. The WPT efficiency for SP-topology shows that it is sensitive to the change of resonance frequency and coupling coefficient, whereas SS-topology maintains good efficiency during the WPT process. Nonetheless, SS-topology performance suffers efficiency loss when paired with a higher load, while SP-topology acts differently. This article will observe the best conditions on the selected compensation designs for better application in EV charging systems in a moving state. ABSTRAK: Kenderaan elektrik (EV) telah menarik perhatian dunia sejak pelaksanaan alih kuasa wayarles (WPT) bagi mengecas bateri. Melalui WPT, EV lebih mudah kerana ia boleh dicas secara dinamik. Namun, pengecasan dinamik WPT turut mengalami masalah, seperti mengimbang kecekapan pemindahan kuasa. Beberapa faktor yang membawa kepada masalah ini adalah kerana terdapat gangguan penjajaran dan jarak optimum antara gegelung pemancar dan penerima. Kerana ini, ia menyumbang kepada kehilangan kecekapan kuasa semasa mengecas EV. Pengeluar juga membina spesifikasi stesen pengisian EV berlainan mengikut jenis model EV demi memenuhi permintaan pelanggan. Namun, platform pengecas EV yang berbeza, tidak dapat mengecas EV secara wayarles dengan maksimum. Oleh itu, bagi membaiki keupayaan jana kuasa serta menstabilkan pengeluaran kuasa maksimum semasa proses pengecasan, litar gantian ditambah ke dalam sistem. Artikel ini memberi keutamaan pada dua litar gantian berbeza (topologi bersiri (SS) dan siri-selari (SP)) di bawah aplikasi pengecasan wayarles dinamik. Simulasi dibuat menggunakan NI Multisim mengikut kecekapan pemindahan kuasa dengan frekuensi resonan, pekali gandingan dan rintangan beban. Kecekapan WPT bagi topologi-SP menunjukkan ianya sensitif pada perubahan frekuensi resonan dan pekali gandingan. Manakala topologi-SS kekal cekap semasa proses WPT. Walau bagaimanapun, prestasi topologi-SS berkurangan ketika diganding dengan beban besar, begitu juga berbeza bagi topologi-SP. Artikel ini akan mengkaji keadaan terbaik pada reka bentuk gantian terpilih bagi aplikasi EV dalam sistem pengecasan bergerak.
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Wei Yao, Wei Yao, Hai Zhao Wei Yao, and Jing-Jing Chen Hai Zhao. "Discovering and Mapping Subnet Level Topology." 網際網路技術學刊 24, no. 2 (March 2023): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642023032402008.
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<p>The research of Internet measurement has promoted the development of router-level topology discovery, while the subnet of the network layer can provide a more detailed intermediate complementary view. To improve the current level of router-level topology discovery, some researchers have proposed subnet discovery methods. However, the existing methods do not perform well in terms of efficiency and accuracy, which leads to the failure of the final resulting topology map. In this paper, we propose a new approach to discover subnets, which consists of a network pre-processing stage and a subnet inference stage. Given a set of target IP prefixes, the network pre-processing stage introduces a minimal probing overhead to improve probing efficiency. Based on the IP address allocation principle, the subnet inference stage utilizes a set of complementary inference rules to infer subnets. The experimental results show that our method can achieve a higher accuracy in discovering subnets while keeping lower probing overhead compared with existing methods. Finally, we utilize the proposed approach to discover the subnets of six geographically dispersed public Autonomous System (AS) networks and analyze their various subnet characteristics, including degree distribution.</p> <p> </p>
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Asif, Mohd, Mohd Tariq, Adil Sarwar, Md Reyaz Hussan, Shafiq Ahmad, Lucian Mihet-Popa, and Adamali Shah Noor Mohamed. "A Robust Multilevel Inverter Topology for Operation under Fault Conditions." Electronics 10, no. 24 (December 13, 2021): 3099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243099.
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Multilevel inverters (MLIs) are used on a large scale because they have low total harmonic distortion (THD) and low voltage stress across the switches, making them ideal for medium- and high-power applications. The authenticity of semiconductor devices is one of the main concerns for these MLIs to operate properly. Due to the large number of switches in multilevel inverters, the possibility of a fault also arises. Hence, a reliable five-level inverter topology with fault-tolerant ability has been proposed. The proposed topology can withstand an open-circuit (OC) fault caused when any single switch fails. In comparison to typical multilevel inverters, the proposed topology is fault-tolerant and reliable. The simulation of the proposed topology is conducted in MATLAB-Simulink and PLECS software packages, and the results obtained for normal pre-fault, during-fault, and after-fault conditions are discussed. Experimental results also prove the proposed cell topology’s robustness and effectiveness in tolerating OC faults across the switches. Furthermore, a thorough comparison is provided to demonstrate the proposed topology’s superiority compared to recently published topologies with fault-tolerant features.
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Dhami, Ujas, and Nisarg Shah. "Deriving Ransomware Formulation Complexity and Compromisation Topology." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 807–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr22114182357.
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Arhippainen, Jorma. "On functional representation of locallym-pseudoconvex algebras." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 22, no. 2 (1999): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171299222235.
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Functional representation of a topological algebra(A,T)has been studied in many papers under various assumptions for the topologyTonA. Usually the imageAˆof the Gelfand map has been equipped with the compact-open topology. This leads, in several cases, to such kind of difficulties as, for instance, that the Gelfand map is not necessarily continuous or that the compact-open topology is not of the same type as the topologyT. In this paper, we study locallym-pseudoconvex algebras and provideAˆwith such kind of topology that the above two claims are fulfilled. By using this representation the description of the closed ideals of(A,T)is studied.
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Somantri, Nivika Tiffany, Naftalin Winanti, and Fatkhurrohman Fatkhurrohman. "Model Routing Data pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH) Berbasis Jaringan Sensor Nikabel (JSN)." TELKA - Telekomunikasi Elektronika Komputasi dan Kontrol 7, no. 1 (May 24, 2021): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/telka.v7n1.49-61.
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Pembangkit listrik tenaga mikrohidro adalah salah satu sumber energi listrik terbarukan saat ini dengan memanfaatkan tenaga air berskala kecil untuk penggeraknya. PLTMH pada umumnya memiliki ruang kontrol yang berada jauh dengan sistemnya, sehingga dibutuhkan suatu sistem monitoring. Penggunaan sistem monitoring berbasis nirkabel menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dengan proses pengiriman informasi yang cepat dan mudah. Penelitian ini merancang suatu model routing data dengan perancangan hardware dan software pada komunikasi data. Sistem dibangun menggunakan mikrokontroller arduino dan komunikasi frekuensi Xbee dengan protocol zigbee. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan berbagai macam topologi yaitu topologi pair, star, mesh, tree, dan x dalam model routing data baik dalam lingkungan indoor maupun lingkungan outdoor. Hasil yang didapat berdasarkan pengujian pada lingkungan indoor menunjukan Xbee tetap dapat mengirim dalam ruangan yang memiliki penghalang dengan jarak 21m, sedangkan pada pengujian outdoor, Xbee dapat tetap mengirim dengan jarak maksimum 120.5m menggunakan model topologi x. Berdasarkan semua pemodelan yang telah dilakukan, topologi x merupakan model yang dianggap paling berhasil walaupun memiliki kelemahan dalam tingkat kerapihan penerimaan data namun dari tingkat keamanannya ketika terjadi masalah dengan salah satu node, topologi x masih memiliki jalur lain untuk dapat mengirimkan data ke penerima. Micro hydropower plant is one of the current renewable electrical energy by making use of small-scale water power for propulsion. MHPP generally has a control room that was away with the system, so we need a monitoring system. The use of wireless-based monitoring systems into one solution to overcome these problems with the delivery process information quickly and easily. Therefore, we designed a model of routing data by designing hardware and software in data communication comprising Arduino microcontroller and Xbee frequency communication with ZigBee protocol. Testing is done by using a variety of topologies, namely topology pair, star, mesh, tree, and x in the model routing of data in both the indoor and outdoor environment. The results obtained by testing the indoor environment is Xbee can still send in a room that had a barrier at a distance of 21m, while the outdoor testing Xbee can still send more than the maximum distance delivery Xbee 70.5m in research that is by using the model topology x. Based on all the modeling that has been done, topology x is the model that is considered the most successful even though it has weaknesses in the level of data reception tidiness. But the level of security has the advantage that when there is a problem with one of the nodes, the x topology still has another path to be able to send data to the receiver.
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ROFII, FAQIH, FACHRUDIN HUNAINI, and SHOFIE SHOLAWATI. "Kinerja Jaringan Komunikasi Nirkabel Berbasis Xbee pada Topologi Bus, Star dan Mesh." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 6, no. 3 (October 18, 2018): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v6i3.393.
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ABSTRAKJaringan sensor nirkabel merupakan perangkat komunikasi yang memiliki kesederhanaan pada prosesor, konsumsi daya rendah, antena dan beberepa detektor. Biaya yang rendah dan fleksibel sangat cocok digunakan untuk berbagai aplikasi monitoring di industri dan lingkungan baik indoor maupun outdoor. Salah satu perangkat transceiver yang banyak digunakan pada saat ini adalah Xbee. Perangkat ini dapat dikonfigurasi sebagai coordinator, router maupun end-device sesuai dengan topologi jaringan yang dibangun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja Xbee dengan parameter RSSI, troughput dan delay dengan topologi bus, star, mesh dan hybrid pada indoor dan outdoor. Pengukuran dilakukan dalam rentang jarak 0-40 meter pada kondisi indoor dan 0-120 meter pada kondisi outdoor. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada indoor dan outdoor, nilai optimum diperoleh pada topologi mesh dengan delay dan packet loss terkecil sebesar 2,7 detik dan 0,5 paket untuk indoor serta 3,41 detik dan 0,33 paket untuk outdoor.Kata kunci: jaringan sensor nirkabel, xbee, topologi bus, star dan mesh ABSTRACTWireless sensor networks are communication devices that have simplicity in the processor, low power consumption, antennas and some detectors. Low and flexible costs are suitable for various monitoring applications in the industry and environment both indoors and outdoors. One of the transceiver devices that is widely used today is Xbee. This device can be configured as a coordinator, router or end-device in accordance with the network topology that is built. This study aims to analyze the performance of Xbee with RSSI parameters, throughput and delay with bus, star, mesh and hybrid topologies in indoor and outdoor. Measurements are carried out in the range of 0-40 meters in indoor conditions and 0-120 meters in outdoor conditions. Based on the results of testing on indoor and outdoor, the optimum value was obtained in mesh topology with the smallest delay and packet loss of 2.7 seconds and 0.5 packets for indoor and 3.41 seconds and 0.33 packets for outdoor.Keywords: wireless sensor network, xbee, bus, star and mesh network topology
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Jena, Kasinath, Dhananjay Kumar, Kavali Janardhan, B. Hemanth Kumar, Arvind R. Singh, Srete Nikolovski, and Mohit Bajaj. "A Novel Three-Phase Switched-Capacitor Five-Level Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Components and Self-Balancing Ability." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2023): 1713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031713.
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This paper proposes a step-up 3-Ф switched-capacitor multilevel inverter topology with minimal switch count and voltage stresses. The proposed topology is designed to provide five distinct output voltage levels from a single isolated dc source, making it suitable for medium and low-voltage applications. Each leg of the proposed topology contains four switches, one power diode, and a capacitor. The switching signals are also generated using a staircase universal modulation method. As a result, the proposed topology will operate at both low and high switching frequencies. To highlight the proposed topology’s advantages, a comparison of three-phase topologies wasperformed in terms of the switching components, voltage stress, component count per level factor, and cost function withthe recent literature. The topology achieved an efficiency of about 96.7% with dynamic loading, and 75% of the switches experienced half of the peak output voltage (VDC), whereas the remaining switches experienced peak output voltage (2VDC) as voltage stress. The MATLAB/Simulink environment was used to simulate the proposed topology, and a laboratory prototype was also built to verify the inverter’s theoretical justifications and real-time performance.
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Melfazen, Oktriza, M. Taqijuddin Alawiy, and Denda Dewatama. "Implementaasi Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) dengan topologi sepic pada pembangkit listrik tenaga surya." JURNAL ELTEK 18, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/eltek.v18i2.250.
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Terdapat rugi-rugi daya dalam proses menghasilkan daya pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) konvensional. Sehingga energi yang dihasilkan tidak terserap secara maksimal. Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya yang didesain dalam penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menghasilkan energi optimal dengan memanfaatkan kemampuan algoritma Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) dengan metode Perturb and Obserb yang diaplikasikan pada topologi SEPIC. Pada penelitian ini, sistem menggunakan panel surya berjenis amorphous 60W, sensor arus ACS712, sensor tegangan berupa pembagi tegangan dan rangkaian converter dengan topologi SEPIC yang dikontrol mikrokontroler Arduino UNO dengan sistem MPPT. Hasil penelitian yang didapat sebagai berikut: penempatan panel surya yang baik adalah menghadap atas (tegak lurus dengan permukaan bumi, sensor arus bekerja dengan eror rata-rata 1,92%, sensor tegangan mempunyai eror rata-rata 2,76%, dan topologi SEPIC dengan MPPT mempunyai hasil daya rata-rata 26,13 W.
There are power losses in the process of generating power in conventional Solar Power Plants (PLTS). So that the energy produced is not absorbed to the fullest. The Solar Power Sistem designed in this study is expected to produce optimal energy by utilizing the ability of the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm with the Perturb and Obserb method applied to the SEPIC topology. The sistem built in this study uses a 60W amorphous type solar panel, ACS712 current sensor, a voltage sensor in the form of a voltage divider and a converter circuit with a SEPIC topology controlled by an Arduino UNO microcontroller with an MPPT sistem.The results obtained as follows: a good placement of solar panels is facing upward (perpendicular to the surface of the earth, current sensors work with an average eror of 1.92%, voltage sensors have an average eror of 2.76%, and SEPIC topology with MPPT has an average power yield of 26.13 W.
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Fakhruddin, Syed M. "On topologies over rings." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 8, no. 1 (1985): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171285000217.
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In this note, we show that if a topologyF¯over a ringAsatisfies a certain finiteness condition, then the Gabriel topologyG¯generated byF¯can be explicitly constructed and it also satisfies the same finiteness condition.
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K., Robin. "Investigation of Computational Topology for Data Analysis and Visualization Applications." Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications 70, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 628–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/msea.v70i1.2517.
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In a variety of disciplines, from biology and physics to computer science and the social sciences, computational topology has become a potent tool for data analysis and visualisation. This study explores computational topology's uses in data analysis and visualisation, showing its potential for revealing hidden structures and patterns in large, complicated datasets.The paper starts out by giving a general introduction of computational topology and outlining its core ideas and methods. The use of it for extracting important information from big, high-dimensional datasets is then explored in relation to data analysis. Computational topology allows for the discovery of topological properties such as holes, voids, and connection patterns by modelling data as topological structures, such as simplicial complexes or persistent homology diagrams.The study also explores the function of computational topology in data visualisation, highlighting its capacity to offer clear and insightful visual representations of challenging datasets. Computational topology enables the construction of simpler and aesthetically pleasing representations while preserving the fundamental topological properties of the data through methods like topological simplification and dimensionality reduction.The usefulness of computational topology in several application domains, such as genomics, image analysis, and network analysis, is demonstrated through a number of case studies. These instances show how computational topology can improve activities like data exploration, clustering, classification, and anomaly detection, resulting in fresh perceptions and learnings.This study emphasises the enormous potential of computational topology for applications in data processing and visualisation. Computational topology provides a new perspective that complements current approaches by utilising the inherent geometric and topological properties of data. This allows researchers and practitioners to better understand complex datasets and make decisions based on the knowledge gleaned from them.
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Warren, Andrew. "Between Form and Formalization: Angus Fletcher’s The Topological Imagination." boundary 2 48, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 207–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01903659-8821486.
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This is a review essay of Angus Fletcher’s posthumous The Topological Imagination: Spheres, Edges, and Islands (2016). Fletcher’s guiding intuition is that topology—a vast, foundational, formally rigorous pillar of modern mathematics—can offer fresh, useful ways of seeing and thinking about our world. These novel modes of perception and cognition are, Fletcher contends, naturally anticipated by literary creation and theories of it—hence the book’s title, The Topological Imagination. Half of my essay is consequently devoted to fleshing out the larger contexts of Fletcher’s investigation: topology’s core concepts, Romantic theories of the imagination, and earlier encounters between topology and literary and philosophical thought, particularly that of Blanchot and Deleuze. The other half of this essay asks whether Fletcher’s accounts of topology and the (Romantic) imagination are accurate and compatible, and what true compatibility might look like. To answer this final question, I turn to recent debates about form and formalization and A. R. Ammons’s book-length poem, Sphere: The Form of a Motion (1974).
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Shang, Jian, Zhi Zhen Liu, Yan Zhang, and Si Hao Duan. "An Improved Z-Source Boost-Buck Rectifier Topology with Lower DC Output Voltage." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 2145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.2145.
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A Z-source boost-buck rectifier topology has been proposed to overcome the limitation of the conventional voltage source rectifier which is a boost rectifier. Conventional Z-source rectifier topology’s lowest dc output voltage is limited because increasing the shoot-through duty ratio and the modulation index simultaneously to obtain low dc output voltage is contradictory with the principle that the sum of M and D must be lower than 1. To overcome this contradiction, this paper proposes a novel topology for Z-source rectifier which can obtain lower dc output voltage with power factor correction and less input harmonic current. This paper firstly analyzes the proposed topology and makes a comparison with the conventional one. At last, the simulation results will be presented and verify its outstanding buck capability.
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Lutonin, A. S., and J. E. Shklyarskiy. "Topology and control algorithms for a permanent magnet synchronous motor as a part of a vehicle with in-wheel motors." E3S Web of Conferences 266 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126604001.
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This article describes an electric drive system’s topology with a permanent magnet synchronous motor for a wide speed range applications. Topology consists of a synchronous motor with permanent magnets (PMSM) and two inverters connected to the beginnings and to the ends of the PMSM’s stator windings. The first inverter is connected to a storage battery, while the other one to a floating bridge capacitor, which acts as a back-EMF compensator. The article proposes electric drive system topolo-gy and its control algorithm. Simulation modeling was implemented by the MATLAB/Simulink software package. Simulation results shows that the proposed electric drive system, in comparison with the standard topology with a «star» stator windings connection, is able to increase the maximum speed of PMSM in the field weakening mode by 17%. The maximum achievable torque on the rotor shaft at the maximum speed of the PMSM motor was increased by 16.6%. Also, developed topology allows to in-crease the speed range in the constant torque mode by 34%.
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Yao, Na, Zhi Zhang, and Xiao Tang. "Photovoltaic Off-Grid Inverter and Maximum Power Point Tracking Technology." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.2922.
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The photovoltaic cells’ output characteristics and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology are studied to design a two-stage cascaded photovoltaic off-grid inverter, including the front-end Boost converter and the rear-end three-phase inverter. The state-space averaging method is adopted in front-end Boost converter modeling, and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technology is adopted in the rear-end three-phase inverter. The simulation drive model is obtained through research principles and algorithm realization. Based on the theoretical analysis and simulation, front-end Boost converter’s and the back-end inverter’s hardware are designed. The main circuit includes the front-end Direct Current (DC)-DC topology and the back-end DC-AC topology. The TMS320F28027 digital signal processor is the core of the front-end DC-DC topology’s control system, and LabView is the core of the back-end DC-AC topology’s control system. The front-end Boost converter’s analog output voltage is 32 V, stable at the maximum operating point in the test. The maximum power point can be effectively tracked in the proposed inverter. The rear-end three-phase inverter’s total harmonic distortion (THD) of phase voltage is less than 3%. Less harmonic wave meets the circuit harmonic distortion rate’s design requirements.
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Noll, Dominik. "On the theory of $B$- and $B_r$-spaces in general topology." Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 39, no. 4 (1989): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/cmj.1989.102332.
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Youming, Tang. "Topology optimization and lightweight design of engine hood material for SUV." Functional Materials 23, no. 4 (December 20, 2016): 630–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm23.04.443.
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Babila, P. R., E. S. Ashlin, and G. Edwin Sheela. "Spectroscopic, Vibrational and Topology Analysis of (2R, 3R) - Butanediol bis (Methanesulfonate)." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 15, no. 45 (December 5, 2022): 2500–2507. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v15i45.1022.
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El Msiyah, Cherif, Jaouad Madkour, Younes Berouaga, Ayoub Kyoud, and Ali Ait Lahcen. "Moroccan Stock Exchange market topology in crisis and non-crisis periods." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 19, no. 4 (December 8, 2022): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.19(4).2022.22.
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This paper seeks to investigate the dynamics within the Moroccan Stock Exchange (MSE) market topology in crisis and non-crisis periods using daily historical log returns of sectoral indices covering the period from January 4, 1993 to September 9, 2021. The study applies the Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) implemented on the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) distance matrix over ten sub-periods covering numerous crises, from Subprime mortgage crisis to European debt crisis and finally COVID-19 crisis. The obtained clustering results are gathered into a network to display the cumulated interconnections between the sectoral indices. The findings showed that the Casablanca Stock Exchange (CSE) market clusters composition is dynamic during the studied period. Indeed, some sectoral indices demonstrated evidence of strong similarities by gathering in the same cluster over numerous sub-periods as the couples Electrical &amp; Electronic Equipment and Transport or as Banks and Construction &amp; Building Materials sectoral indices. Moreover, the interconnections of CSE sectoral indices are trend dependent. According to the obtained network, the Oil and Gas demonstrated its centrality.
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Shmelkov, Sergey, Mangala Rao, Shixia Wang, Michael Seaman, Xiangpeng Kong, Shan Lu, and Timothy Cardozo. "Topology Influences V2 Epitope Focusing." AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 30, S1 (October 2014): A193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2014.5414.abstract.
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MAGHSOUDI, SAEID, and RASOUL NASR-ISFAHANI. "STRICT TOPOLOGY AS A MIXED TOPOLOGY ON LEBESGUE SPACES." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 84, no. 3 (September 6, 2011): 504–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972711002589.
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AbstractLetXbe a locally compact space, and 𝔏∞0(X,ι) be the space of all essentially boundedι-measurable functionsfonXvanishing at infinity. We introduce and study a locally convex topologyβ1(X,ι) on the Lebesgue space 𝔏1(X,ι) such that the strong dual of (𝔏1(X,ι),β1(X,ι)) can be identified with$({\frak L}_0^\infty (X,\iota ),\|\cdot \|_\infty )$. Next, by showing thatβ1(X,ι) can be considered as a natural mixed topology, we deduce some of its basic properties. Finally, as an application, we prove thatL1(G) , the group algebra of a locally compact Hausdorff topological groupG, equipped with the convolution multiplication is a complete semitopological algebra under theβ1(G) topology.
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Abid, Awaludin, Kusrini Kusrini, and Amir Fatah Sofyan. "Pengaruh Konversi Nurbs Ke Polygonal Pada Desain Mobil 3d Terhadap Penilaian Kualitas 3d Model." Creative Information Technology Journal 6, no. 2 (February 24, 2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.24076/citec.2019v6i2.250.
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Di Industri otomotif, biaya prototyping meningkat berbanding lurus dengan kompleksitas dan dependensi kendaraan. Sebagai alternatif untuk prototyping fisik dapat memanfaatkan teknologi baru seperti Augmented Reality (AR) dan Virtual Reality (VR) digunakan. Penggunaan VR dan AR melibatkan real-time rendering data CAD yang mengkonsumsi banyak memori dan mengurangi kinerja aplikasi. Persiapan data memiliki peran penting untuk meningkatkan kinerja sementara tetap mempertahankan topologi dan kualitas mesh. Proses optimalisasi data CAD yang digunakan yaitu Tessellation atau mengkonversi NURBS ke Polygons, berperan untuk menghasilkan output data yang memiliki efisien kinerja dengan topologi serta kualitas mesh yang baik. Hadirnya software 3D Data preparation dan optimasi pada kelas Tessellator. Autodesk Maya merupakan software pemodelan 3D yang mendukung Non-Uniform Rational Basis Spline ataupun CAD memiliki fitur mengkonversi model NURBS ke polygons, pemilihan kebutuhan atau requirement pada tessellation berpengaruh terhadap hasil output. Penilaian dilakukan menggunakan penilaian Objektif menggunakan 3D mesh visual quality metrics berbasis vertex-position Hausdorff Distance sehingga didapatkan requirement pada Tessellation yang efektif. Hasil dari konversi memiliki topologi yang serupa dengan software khusus data preparation dan optimasi, sedangkan hasil penilaian mesh visual quality metrics requirement yang mendekati yaitu menggunakan Tessellation Method Count dan General. Kata Kunci— Tessellation, Mesh Visual Quality, CAD, Polygon In automotive industry, cost of prototyping increases directly with complexity and dependencies of vehicle. As an alternative to physical prototyping can utilize new technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are used. And involves the real-time rendering of CAD data which consumes a lot of memory and reduces application performance. Data preparation has an important role to improve performance while maintaining topology and mesh quality. Process of optimizing CAD data used is Tessellation or converting NURBS to Polygons, whose role is to produce output data that has an efficient performance with topology and good mesh quality. Autodesk Maya is a 3D modeling software that supports Non-Uniform Rational Base Spline or CAD which has the feature of converting NURBS models to polygons, the selection of requirements or requirements on tessellation influences the output results. The assessment is done using objective assessment with 3D mesh visual quality metrics based on Hausdorff Distance vertex-position so that the requirements for effective Tessellation are obtained. The results of the conversion have a topology similar to special data preparation and optimization software, while the results of the mesh visual quality metrics requirement approach are close to using the Count and General Tessellation method. Keywords— Tessellation, Mesh Visual Quality, CAD, Polygon
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Ilham, Muhammad, and Nur Rohman Rosyid. "Pengembangan Aplikasi Pemantauan Jaringan Berbasis Web pada Software-Defined Networking dengan Protokol SFLOW." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer 8, no. 6 (November 24, 2021): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.2021863367.
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<p><em>Software-defined networking</em> (SDN) merupakan salah satu arsitektur jaringan yang dapat diprogram untuk memudahkan manajemen jaringan menggunakan aplikasi pengontrol.. SDN <em>controller</em> seperti ONOS hanya berfungsi untuk manajemen <em>flow</em> <em>table</em> dan tidak memiliki fitur pemantauan <em>traffic</em> jaringan yang cukup untuk mendukung proses manajemen jaringan. Oleh karena itu, untuk melakukan pemantauan <em>traffic</em> SDN maka diperlukan protokol lain seperti sFlow. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan aplikasi sistem pemantauan <em>traffic</em> SDN berbasis web dengan menggunakan ONOS sebagai SDN <em>controller</em>, sFlow-RT sebagai sFlow <em>collector, </em>dan Node.js sebagai web <em>server</em>. Hasil pengembangan aplikasi menghasilkan tiga buah fitur utama yaitu topologi, grafik <em>traffic</em>, dan laporan. Visualisasi topologi dibuat berdasarkan data topologi dari API ONOS dan ditampilkan menggunakan pustaka vis.js. Kemudian untuk grafik <em>throughput</em> dibuat berdasarkan data <em>traffic</em> dari API sFlow-RT dan ditampilkan menggunakan pustaka dygraph. Data topologi dan <em>traffic</em> yang tertampil pada aplikasi diperbarui setiap 10 detik. Pengujian aplikasi dilakukan dengan <em>black-box</em> <em>testing </em>menunjukkan bahwa semua fungsi pada aplikasi berhasil dilakukan. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi memiliki tampilan informatif dan ramah pengguna, serta dapat memudahkan pemantauan <em>traffic</em> SDN.</p><p> </p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstract"><em>Software-defined networking (SDN) is one of the network architectures which programmable to ease network management using the controller application. SDN controllers such as ONOS only function for flow table management and do not have enough network traffic monitoring features to support network management processes. Therefore, to monitor SDN traffic other protocols such as sFlow are needed. In this research, the web-based SDN traffic monitoring system application was developed by using ONOS as SDN controller, sFlow-RT as sFlow collector, and Node.js as a web server. The results of application development produce three main features namely topology, traffic graphs, and reports. The topology visualization is based on topology data from the ONOS API and is displayed using the vis.js library. Then the throughput graph is made based on data traffic from the sFlow-RT API and displayed using the dygraph library. Topology and traffic data displayed on the application are updated every 10 seconds. Application testing is done with black-box testing showing that all functions and features of the application can function properly. The survey conducted shows that the application has an informative and user-friendly display, and can facilitate monitoring of SDN traffic.</em></p><p><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p><p> </p>
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Romero Contreras, Arturo. "Preguntas sobre la noción de habitar y su relación con el espacio: Ontología y Topología." Revista Espacio I+D Innovación más Desarrollo 4, no. 8 (June 1, 2015): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31644/imasd.8.2015.a02.
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Hu, Zheng, Shiping Sun, Oleksii Vambol, and Kun Tan. "Topology optimization of laminated composite structures under harmonic force excitations." Journal of Composite Materials 56, no. 3 (November 12, 2021): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983211052605.
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In this paper, a topology optimization approach for the design of laminated composite structures under harmonic force excitations is proposed. A novel method is developed to calculate the harmonic response for composite laminates, which consists of two steps: firstly, based on the strain energy approach, the damping matrix model of composite laminates is established with the proportional damping assumption; then, the displacement response is calculated by the mode acceleration method The design objective of topology optimization is to minimize the displacement amplitude at the concerning point with an excitation frequency or a frequency band. An extended polynomial interpolation scheme is introduced to penalize the stiffness, damped stiffness and mass of elements. The analytical sensitivities of the objective and constraint functions to the density variables are derived in detail, and the globally convergent method of moving asymptotes is used to solve the optimization problem. Numerical examples are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed topology optimization method in improving the dynamic performance of laminated composite structures. The influence rules of excitation frequency and layer sequence on topologic shape are also discussed.
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Tereshchenko, T. О., Y. S. Yamnenko, D. V. Kuzin, and L. E. Klepach. "MULTILEVEL INVERTER TOPOLOGY AND CONTROL SIGNALS DEFINITION BASED ON ORTHOGONAL SPECTRAL TRANSFORMATIONS." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2018, no. 4 (May 15, 2018): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2018.04.057.
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Font, J. J., A. Miralles, and M. Sanchis. "On the Fuzzy Number Space with the Level Convergence Topology." Journal of Function Spaces and Applications 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/326417.
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We characterize compact sets of𝔼1endowed with the level convergence topologyτℓ. We also describe the completion(𝔼1̂,𝒰̂)of𝔼1with respect to its natural uniformity, that is, the pointwise uniformity𝒰, and show other topological properties of𝔼1̂, as separability. We apply these results to give an Arzela-Ascoli theorem for the space of(𝔼1,τℓ)-valued continuous functions on a locally compact topological space equipped with the compact-open topology.
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Trusiani, Antonio. "The strong topology of ω-plurisubharmonic functions." Analysis & PDE 16, no. 2 (May 3, 2023): 367–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/apde.2023.16.367.
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Jian, Feng, and Zhu Li. "WebNMS-Based Topology Discovery in EPON Network." International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking 6, no. 6 (December 31, 2013): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijfgcn.2013.6.6.17.
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Lógó, J. M., and A. Barsi. "THE ROLE OF TOPOLOGY IN HIGH-DEFINITION MAPS FOR AUTONOMOUS DRIVING." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2022 (June 2, 2022): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2022-383-2022.
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Abstract. Autonomous and highly automated driving has become one of the key research topics – even in mapping sciences. Today, it has been clearly proven that the desired autonomy can be reached solely by progressive development, where maps and requirements against environmental models shall be modified. The research of the past decades resulted in the specifications for building high-definition (HD) maps, which contain all necessary field objects with their relevant features in a sophistically designed database. Maps have also become indispensable tools in reliable automotive development processes as simulations request accurate and detailed environment descriptions. The most accepted simulator map format is ASAM’s OpenDRIVE, having a complete ecosystem nowadays with ultra-fine resolution pavement surface model, traffic flow description, and essential modules to produce those components by mainly automatic data collection and processing. Simulations enable efficient analysis of vehicle behavior as well as testing workflow for (onboard) vehicular and infrastructure sensors. With respect to the requirements of HD maps, not only their geometric fidelity but also the correct topology is expected. The available technology already serves OpenDRIVE models for various scenarios, where the topologic correctness is hard to test. The current research puts the emphasis on the topology analysis: with parsing the existing models, topology descriptors are derived, then a test suit containing rules of acceptable cases is applied. The rule set is built of items for detecting errors and warnings considering topology parameter tolerances; the result is quality documentation after a comprehensive testing approach. The actual topology testing environment forms an excellent base for (semi)automatic error fixing platforms involving artificial intelligence.
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Ishak, Muhammad Ikman, Ruslizam Daud, Bakri Bakar, and Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor. "A COMPARATIVE FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF REGULAR AND TOPOLOGICALLY OPTIMISED DENTAL IMPLANTS FOR MECHANICAL AND FATIGUE RESPONSES EVALUATION." IIUM Engineering Journal 24, no. 2 (July 4, 2023): 286–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v24i2.2695.
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Topology optimisation is a prominent method to improve the performance of any systems by optimising geometrical factors to save materials without compromising the system functionality. Currently, there is limited published data discussing the topologically optimised dental implants that makes the matter still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical and fatigue behaviours of regular and topologically optimised dental implant designs using 3-D FEA. Geometrical models were developed in accordance with ISO 14801 using SolidWorks 2020 before being analysed in ANSYS 18.1. The new implant design was created by topology optimisation analysis. The material properties of all parts were assumed to be isotropic, linearly elastic, and homogenous. Nine different compressive load values ranging from 100 to 500 N were applied on the loading structure as separated cases. The vertical and bottom surfaces of the holder were fully constrained. The results showed that the topologically optimised implant recorded about 12.3% lower implant stress than the regular implant. Both implant designs revealed a comparable displacement result with a percentage difference of only 2.3%. The optimised design was also found to produce longer fatigue life and approximately 12.3% higher safety factor compared to the regular design. The increase in the compressive load value has increased the stress and deformation, whilst decreased the fatigue life and safety factor in both designs. Although it was estimated that the volume of the new implant could be reduced to about 24% of the traditional one, the implant functionality may still be retained or even be improved. ABSTRAK: Pengoptimuman topologi adalah kaedah utama bagi meningkatkan prestasi mana-mana sistem dengan mengoptimumkan faktor geometri bagi menjimatkan bahan tanpa menjejaskan fungsi utama sistem. Dewasa ini, terdapat kurang data diterbitkan berbincang mengenai implan gigi yang dioptimumkan secara topologi yang menjadikan perkara ini masih tidak jelas. Kajian ini bertujuan bagi menilai perlakuan mekanikal dan kelesuan bagi reka bentuk implant gigi biasa dan yang dioptimumkan secara topologi menggunakan 3-D FEA. Model geometri telah dibangunkan mengikut ISO 14801 menggunakan SolidWorks 2020 sebelum dianalisis dalam ANSYS 18.1. Reka bentuk implan baharu telah dibuat melalui analisis pengoptimuman topologi. Sifat pada semua bahagian bahan diandaikan sebagai isotropik, keanjalan linear, dan homogen. Sembilan nilai beban mampatan berbeza antara 100 hingga 500 N telah dikenakan pada struktur pembebanan sebagai kes berasingan. Permukaan menegak dan bawah pemegang dikekang sepenuhnya. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa implan yang dioptimumkan secara topologi merekodkan tegasan implan 12.3% lebih rendah daripada implan biasa. Kedua-dua reka bentuk implan menunjukkan hasil anjakan yang setanding dengan perbezaan peratusan hanyalah 2.3%. Reka bentuk yang dioptimumkan juga didapati menghasilkan hayat kelesuan yang lebih lama dan kira-kira 12.3% faktor keselamatan yang lebih tinggi berbanding reka bentuk biasa. Peningkatan dalam nilai beban mampatan telah meningkatkan tegasan dan perubahan bentuk, sementara mengurangkan hayat kelesuan dan faktor keselamatan dalam kedua-dua reka bentuk. Walaupun dianggarkan bahawa isipadu implan baru boleh dikurangkan kira-kira 24% daripada implan tradisional, fungsi implan masih boleh dikekalkan atau dipertingkatkan.
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Blasco Gutierrez, Alfonso, Cecilia Molina Marchand, Mercedes González Redondo, and Alfonso García García. "Incorporación de las TIC en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en la toma de medidas de confort y transmisión de calor = Incorporation of ICT in teaching and learning in taking comfort and heat transfer measurements." Advances in Building Education 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2018): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/abe.2018.2.3791.
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Resumen En este trabajo se presenta un sistema que permite la realización de dos prácticas enfocadas a la medida de parámetros de confort y eficiencia energética en el ámbito constructivo. El trabajo colaborativo como metodología docente para la elaboración de prácticas de medida de parámetros de confort aporta una visión de la evolución temporal de la temperatura y humedad relativa (HR) en una estancia dependiendo de los diferentes parámetros como calefacción, ventilación, grado de ocupación, etc. La práctica de medida de resistencia térmica se enfoca a una mejor comprensión de la transmisión del calor y de las pérdidas energéticas a través de paramentos constructivos. Adicionalmente, dada la configuración de ambas prácticas, estas constituyen dos sistemas de medida con diferente topología; la de medida de parámetros de confort tiene topología centralizada y la de medida de resistencia térmica tiene topología en bus de datos. Esto permite introducir a los alumnos en el conocimiento de las diferentes topologías de los sistemas de monitorización y/o domóticos en edificación. El coste de los materiales, y la infraestructura necesarios, para estas prácticas es lo suficientemente bajo como para que sea posible su implementación en casi cualquier centro formativo.Abstract This work shows a system that allows the realization of two practices focused on the measurement of comfort parameters and energy efficiency in the building field. The practice of temperature and relative humidity measurement has the ability to show the thermal and the relative humidity (RH) evolution inside of a building facility, depending on the different parameters such as heating, ventilation, occupancy, etc. The practice of thermal resistance measurement is focused on a better understanding of heat transfer and energy losses through constructive enclosures. The cost of materials needed to carry out this practice and its own infrastructure is very low and because of that, is affordable for the most academic centers. In addition, as the configuration of both practices constitute two measurement systems with different topology, the measurement of comfort parameters has a centralized topology and the measurement of thermal resistance has a data bus topology, so it is possible to introduce to the students to the knowledge of the different topologies of monitoring and / or building automation systems. The cost of materials needed to carry out this practice and its own infrastructure is very low and because of that, is affordable for the most academic centers.
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Serrano, Angela. "Making a financial market: the economization and topology of Farmland REITs." Journal of Political Ecology 26, no. 1 (November 23, 2019): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v26i1.22982.
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<p>This article considers how financial mechanisms shape political and economic power around farmland. It draws on political ecology around the financialization of agriculture, and perspectives from Science and Technology Studies about performativity and topology to study how financial mechanisms in agriculture reconfigure networks of access to farmland for farmers, investors, workers and consumers. The article focuses on the case of Farmland Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) in the United States and shows REITS as sociotechnical assemblages of economic theories mobilized by investors and their representatives. Building on topologic ideas, the article highlights how financial mechanisms, such as REITs, shift networks of access to land. These mechanisms can profoundly shape landscapes and livelihoods by creating a market for farmland that transforms the connections of different actors with land, distancing workers and consumers from decision making processes while producing fluid and smooth access for investors. By studying REITs from the perspectives of economization and topology this article identifies key actors and mechanisms through which financialization is reconfiguring access to farmland and identifies limitations and opportunities for increased access to decisions about land for farmers, workers and consumers.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>financialization of agriculture, political ecology, performativity, topology, science and technology studies, REITs, farmland</p>
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Liu Wenteng, 刘文腾, 王慧琴 Wang Huiqin, 王可 Wang Ke, and 王展 Wang Zhan. "基于拓扑与网格双特征的铭文图形识别方法." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 59, no. 4 (2022): 0410018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202259.0410018.
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ROY, MARIO, HIROKI SUMI, and MARIUSZ URBAŃSKI. "Lambda-topology versus pointwise topology." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 29, no. 2 (April 2009): 685–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385708080292.
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AbstractThis paper deals with families of conformal iterated function systems (CIFSs). The space CIFS(X,I) of all CIFSs, with common seed space X and alphabet I, is successively endowed with the topology of pointwise convergence and the so-calledλ-topology. We show just how bad the topology of pointwise convergence is: although the Hausdorff dimension function is continuous on a dense Gδ-set, it is also discontinuous on a dense subset of CIFS(X,I). Moreover, all of the different types of systems (irregular, critically regular, etc.), have empty interior, have the whole space as boundary, and thus are dense in CIFS(X,I), which goes against intuition and conception of a natural topology on CIFS(X,I). We then prove how good the λ-topology is: Roy and Urbański [Regularity properties of Hausdorff dimension in infinite conformal IFSs. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.25(6) (2005), 1961–1983] have previously pointed out that the Hausdorff dimension function is then continuous everywhere on CIFS(X,I). We go further in this paper. We show that (almost) all of the different types of systems have natural topological properties. We also show that, despite not being metrizable (as it does not satisfy the first axiom of countability), the λ-topology makes the space CIFS(X,I) normal. Moreover, this space has no isolated points. We further prove that the conformal Gibbs measures and invariant Gibbs measures depend continuously on Φ∈CIFS(X,I) and on the parameter t of the potential and pressure functions. However, we demonstrate that the coding map and the closure of the limit set are discontinuous on an important subset of CIFS(X,I).