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Mtotywa, Matolwandile Mzuvukile. "Productivity measurement and its relationship to quality in a South African Minting Company." Thesis, University of South Africa, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/51.
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The aim of this study was to investigate a productivity measurement at the South
African Minting Company and evaluate the relationship between productivity and
quality.
Special emphasis was given to profit-linked total factor model as the tool for
measurement. This was encouraged by their ability to separate productivity,
profitability and price recovery. Three models were selected and evaluated. These
models American Productivity Center (APC) Model, “Profitability = productivity +
price recovery” (PPP) model and multi-factor productivity measurement model
(MFPMM). APC model was selected as the suitable model because of its simplicity,
easy to set up, its ability to produce both financial and non financial data, and allow
for route cause analysis with expert system, and more insight for the manager with
Microsoft Excels’ What if analysis “Goal seek”.
APC model was set up for four periods, from 1 April 2004 to 30 September 2007.
The overall profitability results of the circulation coins profit center show an overall
positive contribution. There was a break-even of the price recovery for 2006 financial
year (period 2). In 2007 financial year (period 3), there was a negative contribution,
and this improved to almost break-even in the six month period during this 2008
financial year (period 4). This means there was much more inflation on input
resources and the recovery was not fully realised in the price of goods sold.
Individual input costs show that the negative price recovery is culminating from
material, labour and energy costs contributions. There is a plausible explanation for
material and labour, but not for energy. The metal volatility is the underlying cause of
the price variation. Labour variation was a company strategy to adjust employee to
higher percentiles.
Productivity was always positive with the highest contribution in the current financial
year (period 4). This means that the profitability at SA Mint has been driven by
productivity in the past two financial years.
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Survey of the questionnaire shows average scores for productivity and quality. It is
noteworthy, that the lowest mean score for productivity is for the statement “Products
are produced in error-free process”. This is a productivity quality measure. In
addition, the same variable shows r2 value of 0.42. A conclusion is that even though
productivity and quality are highly correlated and show a highly positive relationship,
there is a concern on quality in the company. A link can be made that low price
recovery becomes more difficult when the quality is not always good. Defective
product is a cost, because the product does not reach the customer and if the
product is reworked it is still a cost, though low, but more importantly it decreases the
available capacity.
This study was successful in setting up APC model and producing data that is worthy
to the company and academic world. Finally, this study was successful in its quest to
establish the relationship between productivity and quality.
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Elahi, Eiram. "QTL mapping of Apc modifiers in an ApcMin/+ mouse model of spontaneous and irradiation-induced intestinal adenomas." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8717.
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BACKGROUND: Radiation exposure to the abdominal region causes intestinal toxicity and is also capable of inducing colorectal cancers (CRC). Genotype-phenotype studies provide some evidence explaining the variation in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients caused by modifiers of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). This study aims to extend our understanding of irradiation-induced modifiers of ApcMin/+ mice and CRC. METHODS: By using a pre-existing backcross between recombinant inbred line of ApcMin/+ mice to the irradiation sensitive inbred BALB/c mouse, we obtained panels of 2Gy-irradiated and sham-irradiated N2 ApcMin/+ mice for genotyping with a genome-wide panel of microsatellites markers. Using the number of adenomas in different intestinal segments to represent polyp multiplicity, we carried out a genome wide quantitative trait loci (QTL) scan followed by statistical epistasis modelling and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS: We identified five significant QTLs responsible for radiation induced tumour multiplicity in the upper small intestine defined as Mom (Modifier of Min) radiation-induced polyposis (Mrip1-5) on chromosome 2 (LOD 2.8, p = 0.0003), two regions within chromosome 5 (LOD 5.2, p=0.00001, 6.2, p=0.00001) and two regions within chromosome 16 (LOD 4.1, p=4x10-5 and 4.8, p=0.00001). Suggestive QTLs were found for sham-irradiated mice on chromosomes 3, 6 and 13 (LOD 1.7, 1.5 and 2.0 respectively; p,0.005). Two significant QTLs were detected in the 2large intestine on chromosome 2 and 7 (LOD 2.7, p=1.2x10-3 and 2.2, p=1.2x10-3, 12 respectively). Using statistical epistasis modelling and logical selection of target genes though in silico sequence based on BALB/c specific non-synonymous polymorphisms which are predicted deleterious we selected target genes and further eliminated genes by sequencing and mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our study locates the QTL regions responsible for increased radiation-induced intestinal tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice and identifies candidate genes with predicted functional polymorphisms that are involved in spindle checkpoint and chromosomal stability (Bub1b, Bub1r, and Casc5), Wnt pathway (Tiam1, Rac1), DNA repair (Recc1 and Prkdc) and inflammation (Duox2, Itgb2l and Cxcl5).
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Wong, Wing Yan. "Proteomics analysis of anti-cancer effects of gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins in Apc min/+ colorectal cancer mouse model." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1421.
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Duh, Camilla, and Carsten Daub. "A Model to Enhance the Effectiveness of Machining Centers with Automatic Multi-Pallet Changers: a Case Study." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-938.
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The purpose of this thesis is to develop a model to enhance the effectiveness of machining centers with multi-pallet automatic pallet changers (APCs). From critical literature review no existing theories within this field were found. The multi-pallet APC allows multi-setups and a more flexible sequencing of jobs. The model together with the developed heuristic scheduling algorithm with the objective to minimize the total weighted tardiness can be used to plan in n jobs on m pallets in a shop-floor. The right maintenance policy ensures a high availability, which together with the program guarantees a high level of utilization of the machinery. Consequently the effectiveness will be enhanced. A case study approach was used to test the model at Växjöfabriken in Sweden, which treats cast material. The results of this case study are a more effective utilization of the machines with decreased tardiness costs, increased customers’ satisfaction and goodwill of the company. The contribution of this thesis is a model with a flexible, adjustable and expandable heuristic scheduling algorithm, which can be applied in all manufacturing companies using machining centers with multi-pallet APCs.
Syftet med denna uppsats är att utveckla en modell för att förbättra effektiviteten av maskincentra med automatiska palletväxlare (APCs) för multi-palleter. När en kritisk litteratursökning genomfördes hittades inga relevanta teorier inom det aktuella området. Multi-pallet APC tillåter att många jobb kan förberedas samtidigt och gör planeringen av jobben mer flexibel. Modellen, tillsammans med den utvecklade heuristiska planeringsalgoritmen med målet att minimera den totala viktade förseningen, kan användas för att planera in n jobb med m palleter på ett verkstadsgolv. Rätt underhålls policy försäkrar en hög tillgänglighet vilket tillsammans med programmet garanterar en hög utnyttjandenivå av maskinerna. Som följd kommer effektiviteten att höjas. En fallstudie utfördes på Växjöfabriken i Sverige för att utvärdera modellen, på företaget efterbehandlas gjutgods. Resultatet från denna fallstudie blev ett effektivare utnyttjande av maskinerna, med minskade förseningskostnader, ökad kundtillfredställelse och goodwill för företaget. Denna uppsats bidrar med en modell och en flexibel, anpassningsbar och utvecklingsbar heuristisk planeringsalgoritm, vilken kan användas i alla industriföretag som använder maskincentra med multi-pallet APCs.
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Jordan, Sumanas W. "A mathematical model of tissue factor-induced blood coagulation: discrete sites of initiation and regulation under conditions of flow." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33907.
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A mathematical model of blood coagulation under defined flow conditions, initiated and modulated by spatially discrete regions of surface bound tissue factor (TF) and thrombomodulin (TM), respectively, is presented. The model incorporates fluid phase and surface-associated reactions of the extrinsic, intrinsic, and common pathways, as well as three inhibitory pathways. The spatially heterogeneous model is formulated by finite element method, and an effective prothrombotic zone, which quantifies the spatial propagation of thrombin generation is defined. Characteristic features of coagulation are simulated under physiologic conditions, and the behavior of the system in response to perturbations in TF and TM surface densities, TF site dimensions, and wall shear rate is explored. The major findings of these studies include: (i) The model system responds in an 'all-or-none', threshold-like manner to changes in model parameters. (ii) It was found that prothrombotic effects may extend significantly beyond the dimensions of the spatially discrete site of TF expression in both axial and radial directions. (iii) The relationship between the length of the effective prothrombotic zone and the interval distance between tandem sites of TF expression dictate the net response of the system. Additive prothrombotic effects of sub-clinical lesions as well as suppressive antithrombotic effects of intervening TM-containing regions were observed. Secondly, the computational model is applied to calculate an individualized, systems-based metric of clotting potential for 210 pre-menopausal women in the Leiden Thrombophilia Study (LETS). The simulated variable was found to be a highly predictive parameter for deep venous thrombosis risk.
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Orhun, Eda, and Blanka Grubjesic. "Value at Risk (VaR) Method : An Application for Swedish National Pension Funds (AP1, AP2, AP3) by Using Parametric Model." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-129.
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Value at Risk (VaR) approach has been extensively used by investment and commercial banks since its development by JP Morgan in 1990s. As time passes, it has become interesting to investigate whether VaR could be used also by other financial intermediaries like pension funds and insurance companies. The aim of this paper is to outline Value at Risk (VaR) methodology by giving more emphasis on parametric approach which is used for empirical section and to investigate the applicability and usefulness of VaR in pension funds. After providing theoretical framework for VaR approach, the paper continues with pension fund systems in general and especially highlights AP funds of Swedish National pension fund system by trying to show why VaR could be an invaluable risk management tool for these funds together with other traditional risk measures used. Based on this given theoretical frame, a practical application of VaR –parametric or covariance/variance method- is executed on 50 biggest investments in the fixed income and equity portfolios of three selected Swedish national pension funds – AP1, AP2 and AP3. Results of one day VaR (DEAR) estimations on 30/12/2005 for each fund have been presented and it is aimed to show the additional information that could be obtained by using VaR and which is not always apparent from other risk measures employed by funds. According to the two traditional risk measures which are active risk and Sharpe ratio; AP2 and AP3 lie in the same risk level for 2005 which can create a contradiction by considering their different returns. On the other hand, obtained DEAR estimates show their different risk exposures even with the 50 biggest investments employed. The results give a matching relationship between return of funds and DEAR estimates meaning that; the fund with the highest return has the highest DEAR value and the fund with the lowest return has the lowest DEAR value; which is consistent with the main rule- “higher risk, higher return”. Thus, we can conclude that VaR could be applied additionally to get a better picture about real risk exposures and also to get valuable information on expected possible loss together with other traditional risk measures used.
Key words: Value at Risk, DEAR, Pension funds, Risk management, Swedish pension plan, AP1, AP2, AP3
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Al-Mashat, Alex. "Comparison of Multiple Models for Diabetes Using Model Averaging." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaci, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448168.
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Pharmacometrics is widely used in drug development. Models are developed to describe pharmacological measurements with data gathered from a clinical trial. The information can then be applied to, for instance, safely establish dose-response relationships of a substance. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a common biomarker used by models within antihyperglycemic drug development, as it reflects the average plasma glucose level over the previous 8-12 weeks. There are five different nonlinear mixed-effects models that describes HbA1c-formation. They use different biomarkers such as mean plasma glucose (MPG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI) or a combination of those. The aim of this study was to compare their performances on a population and an individual level using model averaging (MA) and to explore if reduced trial durations and different treatment could affect the outcome. Multiple weighting methods were applied to the MA workflow, such as the Akaike information criterion (AIC), cross-validation (CV) and a bootstrap model averaging method. Results show that in general, models that use MPG to describe HbA1c-formation on a population level could potentially outperform models using other biomarkers, however, models have shown similar performance on individual level. Further studies on the relationship between biomarkers and model performances must be conducted, since it could potentially lay the ground for better individual HbA1c-predictions. It can then be applied in antihyperglycemic drug development and to possibly reduce sample sizes in a clinical trial. With this project, we have illustrated how to perform MA on the aforementioned models, using different biomarkers as well as the difference between model weights on a population and individual level.
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Schenk, Judith A. "Criteria for Evaluating Model Deficiency for Groundwater Models and the Effects of Eliminating Deficient Models on Multi Model Analysis Using AICc, KIC, AIC, and BIC." Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10266759.
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Multi-model analysis (MMA) considers multiple model interpretations of a system. MMA provides a more realistic assessment of uncertainty associated with model predictions because both uncertainty of individual models and uncertainty associated with different model structures are considered. Models are evaluated for the strength of evidence that they represent an unknown system using different Information Criteria (IC) equations. IC equations are designed to assess the likelihood that a model in a set of models represents the true but unknown system. IC equations do not include a component which identifies a deficient model. Therefore, inclusion of deficient models in the set of models leads to poor model-averaged results. Evaluation of models to assess whether available observation data sufficiently support the model structure is an important step in MMA. Measures for evaluating models include: 1) failure to reach proper convergence during non-linear regression; 2) unreasonable parameter estimates; 3) unreasonable confidence intervals on parameters or a coefficient of variation greater than ten for one or more parameters; 4) high correlations between parameters; 5) determinant of the correlation matrix less than 1x10 -12; 6) condition number of the Jacobian matrix greater than 2000; and 7) unreasonable confidence intervals on predictions.
Experiments presented herein are designed to evaluate how components of AIC, AICc, BIC, and KIC rank models and assign model probabilities, and to demonstrate how removing deficient models improves MMA results. Synthetic models are used to represent true but unknown systems in contrast to experimental models that are created to simulate a simplified version of the unknown system based on observation data taken from the synthetic models. AIC, AICc, BIC, and KIC generally assign high probability to deficient models. AICc generally assigns high probability to deficient models if 1) there are many observation data or 2) there are few observation data and the model fits the data well. KIC generally assigns high probability to deficient models because these models have low Fisher Information. AIC and BIC are influenced by the goodness-of-fit and are more likely to assign high probability to more complex models because these models are generally over-fitted. Removing deficient models results in improved MMA results using AIC, AICc, BIC and KIC.
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Kooshkghazi, Mahshid Deghan. "Chemoprevention of intestinal cancer : dietary and pharmaceutical interventions in mutant Apc mouse models." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388729.
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Correia, Gonçalo Emanuel Coimbra Lamas Pereira. "Gestão de stocks numa unidade de ressonância magnética." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3476.
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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialNos últimos anos a gestão de stocks tornou-se numa ferramenta fundamental para os prestadores de cuidados de saúde, que procuram a racionalização de custos com medicamentos e materical clínico, através de uma maior eficiência operacional. Este trabalho visa o estudo da relação entre classificações e modelos de gestão de stocks, e ilustra a sua aplicação em prestadores de cuidados de saúde, na área da imagiologia, em particular numa unidade de ressonância magnética. Neste estudo optou-se por uma classificação de stocks baseada em métodos analíticos, a classificação ABC, e uma classificação de stocks com base no conhecimento e experiência do gestor de stocks, a classificação XYZ, procurando definir políticas de gestão de stocks mais fiáveis, que se traduzam em manter o nível de stock correcto para ir ao encontro das necessidades, ao menor custo. Os modelos de gestão de stocks, procuram ajudar a responder a questões como quanto e quando repor os stocks, com o objectivo de escolher a melhor solução que corresponde a um custo total de aprovisionamento anual mínimo. Neste estudo optou-se pelo modelo de revisão contínua que proporciona um controlo constante e pelo modelo de revisão periódica para uma monitorização mais espaçada no tempo. Com base nestes estudos, propôs-se uma classificação mista ou tabela de políticas de gestão de stocks e analisou-se o seu impacto num prestador de cuidados de saúde.
In recent years, stock management has become a fundamental tool for healthcare providers who seek to rationalize drug and clinical material costs, through greater operational efficiency. This work aims to study the relationship between ratings and models of stock management, and to illustrate its application in healthcare providers in the area of diagnostic imaging, particularly in a magnetic resonance unit. In this study we chose a classification of stocks based on analytical methods, ABC classification, supplemented by knowledge and experience of the stock manager, XYZ classification, trying to define policies for stock management more reliable, which result in maintaining the level stock proper to meet the needs at the lowest cost. The models of stock management, seeking to help answer questions like how much and when to replenish stocks in order to choose the best solution that corresponds to a minimum total cost of the annual supply. In this study we opted for the continuous review model that provides a constant monitoring and periodic review model for monitoring more spaced in time. Based on these studies, we proposed a table stock management policy and discussed its impact in a healthcare provider.
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Ed-douibi, Hamza. "Model-driven round-trip engineering of REST APIs." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667111.
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Les API web s'han convertit cada vegada més en un actiu clau per a les empreses, que n'han promogut la implementació i la integració en les seves activitats quotidianes. A la pràctica, la majoria d'aquestes API web són "REST-like", que significa que s'adhereixen parcialment a l'estil arquitectònic conegut com transferència d'estat representacional ('representational state transfer', REST en anglés). De fet, REST és un paradigma de disseny i no proposa cap estàndard. Com a conseqüència, tant desenvolupar com consumir API REST són tasques difícils i costoses per als proveïdors i clients de l'API. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és facilitar el disseny, la implementació, la composició i el consum de les API REST, basant-se en tècniques d'enginyeria dirigida per models ('model-driven engineering', MDE en anglés). Aquesta tesi proposa les contribucions següents: EMF-REST, APIDiscoverer, APITester, APIGenerator, i APIComposer. Aquestes contribucions constitueixen un ecosistema que avança l'estat de la qüestió al camp de l'enginyeria de programari automàtica per al desenvolupament i el consum de les API REST.Las API Web se han convertido en una pieza fundamental para un gran número de compañías, que han promovido su implementación e integración en las actividades cotidianas del negocio. En la práctica, estas API Web son "REST-like", lo que significa que se adhieren parcialmente al estilo arquitectónico conocido como transferencia de estado representacional ('representational state transfer', REST en inglés). De hecho, REST es un paradigma de diseño y no propone ningún estándar. Por ello, tanto el desarrollo como el consumo de API REST son tareas difíciles y que demandan mucho tiempo de los proveedores y los clientes de API. El objetivo de esta tesis es facilitar el diseño, la implementación, la composición y el consumo de API REST, apoyándose en el desarrollo de software dirigido por modelos (DSDM). Esta tesis propone las siguientes contribuciones: EMF-REST, APIDiscoverer, APITester, APIGenerator y APIComposer. Estas contribuciones constituyen un ecosistema que avanza el estado de la cuestión en el área de la ingeniería del software referida a la automatización de las tareas relacionadas con el desarrollo y consumo de API REST.
Web APIs have become an increasingly key asset for businesses, and their implementation and integration in companies' daily activities has thus been on the rise. In practice, most of these Web APIs are "REST-like", meaning that they adhere partially to the Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style. In fact, REST is a design paradigm and does not propose any standard, so developing and consuming REST APIs end up being challenging and time-consuming tasks for API providers and clients. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to facilitate the design, implementation, composition and consumption of REST APIs by relying on Model-Driven Engineering (MDE). Likewise, it offers the following contributions: EMF-REST, APIDiscoverer, APITester, APIGenerator and APIComposer. Together, these contributions make up an ecosystem which advances the state of the art of automated software engineering for REST APIs.
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Vitiutinas, Ruslanas. "Model driven development of plug-ins for UML based modeling tools." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110808_111443-92074.
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This dissertation presents the principles and examples for building AMI for UML-based modeling environments. Modelers may use proposed AMI interface to extend UML modeling tools by modeling plug-ins using modeling tools itself. The work discusses four cases of AMI realization implemented in MagicDraw UML. Moreover, the proposed AMI implementation might be realized in other modeling tools that provide API and access to the model elements via standard UML metamodel interfaces. The ideas and results of this dissertation can be directly applied in numerous UML modeling tools available in the market. Although the focus in this dissertation is on UML modeling tools, many ideas are also applicable in other software systems that are developed using model driven approach.Šiame darbe yra pristatoma modeliavimu grindžiama praplėtimo sąsaja, kurią siūloma vadinti aplikacijos modeliavimo sąsaja (angl. Application Modeling Interface, AMI). Modeliuotojai, naudodami siūlomą aplikacijos modeliavimo sąsają, gali kurti UML įrankių įskiepius juos modeliuodami pačių UML įrankių pagalba. Darbe taip pat nagrinėjamas aplikacijos modeliavimo sąsajos apibrėžimo ir realizavimo UML įrankiuose aspektai.
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De, Aguinaga José Guillermo. "Uncertainty Assessment of Hydrogeological Models Based on Information Theory." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-71814.
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There is a great deal of uncertainty in hydrogeological modeling. Overparametrized models increase uncertainty since the information of the observations is distributed through all of the parameters. The present study proposes a new option to reduce this uncertainty. A way to achieve this goal is to select a model which provides good performance with as few calibrated parameters as possible (parsimonious model) and to calibrate it using many sources of information. Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC), proposed by Hirotugu Akaike in 1973, is a statistic-probabilistic criterion based on the Information Theory, which allows us to select a parsimonious model. AIC formulates the problem of parsimonious model selection as an optimization problem across a set of proposed conceptual models. The AIC assessment is relatively new in groundwater modeling and it presents a challenge to apply it with different sources of observations. In this dissertation, important findings in the application of AIC in hydrogeological modeling using different sources of observations are discussed. AIC is tested on ground-water models using three sets of synthetic data: hydraulic pressure, horizontal hydraulic conductivity, and tracer concentration. In the present study, the impact of the following factors is analyzed: number of observations, types of observations and order of calibrated parameters. These analyses reveal not only that the number of observations determine how complex a model can be but also that its diversity allows for further complexity in the parsimonious model. However, a truly parsimonious model was only achieved when the order of calibrated parameters was properly considered. This means that parameters which provide bigger improvements in model fit should be considered first. The approach to obtain a parsimonious model applying AIC with different types of information was successfully applied to an unbiased lysimeter model using two different types of real data: evapotranspiration and seepage water. With this additional independent model assessment it was possible to underpin the general validity of this AIC approachHydrogeologische Modellierung ist von erheblicher Unsicherheit geprägt. Überparametrisierte Modelle erhöhen die Unsicherheit, da gemessene Informationen auf alle Parameter verteilt sind. Die vorliegende Arbeit schlägt einen neuen Ansatz vor, um diese Unsicherheit zu reduzieren. Eine Möglichkeit, um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, besteht darin, ein Modell auszuwählen, das ein gutes Ergebnis mit möglichst wenigen Parametern liefert („parsimonious model“), und es zu kalibrieren, indem viele Informationsquellen genutzt werden. Das 1973 von Hirotugu Akaike vorgeschlagene Informationskriterium, bekannt als Akaike-Informationskriterium (engl. Akaike’s Information Criterion; AIC), ist ein statistisches Wahrscheinlichkeitskriterium basierend auf der Informationstheorie, welches die Auswahl eines Modells mit möglichst wenigen Parametern erlaubt. AIC formuliert das Problem der Entscheidung für ein gering parametrisiertes Modell als ein modellübergreifendes Optimierungsproblem. Die Anwendung von AIC in der Grundwassermodellierung ist relativ neu und stellt eine Herausforderung in der Anwendung verschiedener Messquellen dar. In der vorliegenden Dissertation werden maßgebliche Forschungsergebnisse in der Anwendung des AIC in hydrogeologischer Modellierung unter Anwendung unterschiedlicher Messquellen diskutiert. AIC wird an Grundwassermodellen getestet, bei denen drei synthetische Datensätze angewendet werden: Wasserstand, horizontale hydraulische Leitfähigkeit und Tracer-Konzentration. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert den Einfluss folgender Faktoren: Anzahl der Messungen, Arten der Messungen und Reihenfolge der kalibrierten Parameter. Diese Analysen machen nicht nur deutlich, dass die Anzahl der gemessenen Parameter die Komplexität eines Modells bestimmt, sondern auch, dass seine Diversität weitere Komplexität für gering parametrisierte Modelle erlaubt. Allerdings konnte ein solches Modell nur erreicht werden, wenn eine bestimmte Reihenfolge der kalibrierten Parameter berücksichtigt wurde. Folglich sollten zuerst jene Parameter in Betracht gezogen werden, die deutliche Verbesserungen in der Modellanpassung liefern. Der Ansatz, ein gering parametrisiertes Modell durch die Anwendung des AIC mit unterschiedlichen Informationsarten zu erhalten, wurde erfolgreich auf einen Lysimeterstandort übertragen. Dabei wurden zwei unterschiedliche reale Messwertarten genutzt: Evapotranspiration und Sickerwasser. Mit Hilfe dieser weiteren, unabhängigen Modellbewertung konnte die Gültigkeit dieses AIC-Ansatzes gezeigt werden
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King-Hele, Sarah. "The dynamics of religious change : a comparative study of five western countries." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-dynamics-of-religious-change-a-comparative-study-of-five-western-countries(5322cbc7-b74f-48af-bb12-1b367da23add).html.
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The two main theories of religious change are the secularization paradigm and the economic model of religion. The secularization paradigm’s main premise is that modernization weakens the power and authority of the church as an institution and reduces the importance of religion in the daily lives of the population. This paradigm applies well to Europe, but the United States acts as a powerful counter-example. Since the 1940s, religious attendance in the United States has remained generally stable, with approximately 40% of the population claiming to attend religious services, mostly in Christian churches, at least once a week. American sociologists explain this relative vitality with reference to an open and competitive religious marketplace, claiming that the innate desire for spirituality is met by the sheer diversity of religious groups in the United States. This economic model of religion applies poorly to the European situation. This thesis examines these apparent contradictions by considering the similarities and differences between the dynamics of religious change in five western countries since the 1970s or 1980s; the countries are Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States. The key question is which combination of dynamics is responsible for religious change in western countries. The effects of migration and fertility aside, all population change must be related to some combination of age, period or cohort effects; age effects are those that occur as people age, period effects are those that affect the whole population regardless of age, and cohort effects are often attributed to circumstances or events during youth. These different dynamics of religious change would each indicate different sources of religious change at the individual level, which may lend support to one theory of religious change over another. I show that there is overwhelming evidence that most religious change in Britain, Australia, New Zealand and Canada is due to differences between generations in the time periods observed with some slight downward period effects. The main drivers of change in the United States are either downward cohort with upward period effects, upward age effects, or a combination of these three effects. I conclude that the changing conditions of socialization in youth, both formal and informal, related to modernization and cultural shifts can explain the dynamics in Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Similar effects in the United States may be counteracted by the high social desirability of religion in that country by contrast with the other countries and the ability of particularly conservative Protestants in the United States to isolate themselves from views that conflict with their own; these groups are aided in this by numerical strength and by the ability to socialize, work and view media all of which enhance their religious worldview.
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Golovkova, Anita. "Návrh ABC modelu na příkladu zdravotnického zařízení." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-360510.
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The thesis deals with the issue of the formation of the ABC model in healthcare facilities. The aim of this work is the formation of the ABC model on the example of the Infectious Department of the selected teaching hospital. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. In the framework of the theoretical part are summarised findings from literature review regarding the Activity-Based Costing method and its application in medical organisations. In the practical part are already constructs of the ABC model itself, based on an annual data basis using a procedure adapted to the medical facilities.
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Câncio, José Miguel Gomez de Almeida Pereira. "Análise e otimização da gestão de stocks numa empresa industrial." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17346.
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Mestrado em Ciências EmpresariaisNuma sociedade cada vez mais competitiva, as empresas têm de se adaptar e procurar racionalizar os seus custos de forma a uma maior eficiência da sua operação. Com uma correta e eficiente gestão de stocks, as empresas podem obter uma significativa poupança, aumentado assim os seus ganhos. No presente estudo, serão aplicados modelos académicos de gestão de stock numa empresa que está inserida no sector do retalho. O objetivo principal é conseguir proporcionar uma diminuição dos custos anuais do inventário através de uma otimização da sua política de stocks. Uma boa gestão de stocks implica equilibrar cuidadosamente a disponibilidade do stock com os custos de posse de stock. Através da análise ABC foi possível ordenar os produtos consoante a sua importância financeira, foi aplicado o modelo da Quantidade Económica de Encomenda (QEE) e foi definida a quantidade ótima de encomenda que deve ser requerida para diminuir os custos. Esta análise conjugou a procura total, os custos relacionados com a efetivação de encomendas e os custos de posse de stock. Concluindo, com base nos métodos académicos aplicados, foi demonstrado que seria possível reduzir o custo total anual de 2016 da Empresa XXZ em 24,8%.
In an increasingly competitive society, companies are in need to adapt and seek to rationalize their costs in a way that is more efficient in their operation. With certain stock management, companies can get significant savings and increasing their earnings. In the present study, academic models of stock management will be applied in a company that is part of the retail sector. The main objective is to be able to reduce annual inventory costs by optimizing their stock policy. A good stock management means carefully balancing the availability of the stock that meets the demand, with the stock holding costs. Through the ABC analysis it was possible to order the products according to their financial importance, the Economic Order Quantity (EQF) model was applied and the optimal order quantity that was ordered to reduce costs was defined. This analysis combined the total demand, the costs related to the effective ordering and the stock holding costs. In conclusion, based on the academic methods applied, it was demonstrated that it would be possible to reduce the total annual cost of 2016 of the Company XXZ by 24.8%.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Noghani, Ardestani Pedram. "Modeling Community Care Services for Alternative level of Care (ALC) Patients: A Queuing Network Approach." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30715.
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One of the impacts of the rising demand for community health services, primarily used by seniors, is that hospitals are often faced with the challenge of having patients finish the acute phase of their treatment and yet are unable to discharge them due to the lack of a bed in a more appropriate community care setting. The frequency of this challenge has led to the designation of “alternative level of care” (ALC) being ascribed to patients who remain in the hospitals due to insufficient capacity downstream. The thesis focuses on a model that seeks to address patient flow through the community care network (CCN) and finding capacity allocation policies for the different facilities that resolves the ALC challenge using scenario analysis. A queuing network model with general routings and nodes’ blocking has been developed and a heuristic approximation method has been employed for solving the model. Blocking probabilities and the number of blocked patients are derived as performance metrics of the CCN. We test the accuracy of the queuing model through a simulation model and the behaviours of the system in different scenarios are investigated in the simulation model and our policy insights and conclusions are provided.
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Sagar, Pidaparthi. "A knowledge-based control system model for variable speed a.c. drives." Thesis, Open University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253731.
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Harašta, Lukáš. "Zhodnocení finanční situace podniku a návrhy na zlepšení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377986.
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This diploma thesis focuses on the evaluation of the financial situation of Auto Slavíček s.r.o. for the period 2010-2016, and to formulate proposals for improvement. The thesis analyses the current economic situation of the company. The resulting values are compared with selected competing companies. The diploma thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter deals with the objectives of the work and the methodology of the solution. The second chapter analyses methods and procedures of financial and strategic analysis. The third chapter reviews the financial situation of the company. The last chapter presents your own suggestions for improvement.
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Liao, Yen-Peng. "Optimal Model Mapping for Intravoxel Incoherent Motion MRI." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263578.
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Ehrlich, Elena. "On inference for ABC approximations of time series models." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/23979.
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Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) are well-studied simulation based methods that have been very successful for a variety of complex inference problems. However, standard MCMC and SMC cannot deal with problems where the corresponding likelihood is intractable. By intractable we mean that the density of the likelihood cannot be calculated analytically or it is too computationally expensive to do so. This motivated the use of Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) as far back as thirty years ago, but only in the last ten years has its popularity surged due to the higher computational power available in modern computers. The focus of this thesis is to use simulation to estimate the density of the intractable likelihoods as in ABC methods and combine with MCMC and SMC methods. The flexibility and accuracy of the latter can be used to address general issues regarding inference for time series and ABC techniques can be used to deal with the intractable conditional observation likelihoods. The times series we will investigate in this thesis are Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and observation driven time series models. SMC and ABC methods have been used to perform filtering and smoothing for intractable HMMs [Jasra et al., 2012]. We will present a method that combines SMC and ABC, and uses gradient ascent to deliver maximum likelihood estimates for the model parameters. The accuracy of the method will be illustrated by theoretical results and challenging numerical examples. In regard to estimating model parameters for other time series such as intractable observation driven models, we consider methods that use MCMC together with ABC approximations. These methods can be used to perform Bayesian estimation of the model parameters. However applying ideas from ABC in this context naively will prevent the exploration of difficult regions in the parameter space. Difficult regions arise, for example, when attempting ABC approximations very close to the true model. Based on recent ideas from [Lee, 2012], we identify a new unbiased estimator for the ABC likelihood which is more robust and able to explore the difficult state-space regions. The advantage of the resulting algorithm is that it is capable of producing very accurate inference. Often one is interested in estimating the initial condition of dynamic systems based on noisy observations of its evolution. These types of inverse problems are often formulated as Bayesian inference problems. The prior used in Bayesian inference can be interpreted also as a regularization term to ensure the problem is well-posed. We show how SMC together with ABC approximations can be used for estimating the initial condition of deterministic dynamical systems that are observed with additive noise whose density is intractable. We present a method which uses SMC samplers as in [Chopin, 2002, Del Moral et al., 2006] with ABC approximations, and is applied to challenging numerical examples from data assimilation.
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White, Andrew. "On Implemintation of Loudspeakers for Feedback Control, Open-Air, Active Noise Control Headsets." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35936.
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The loudspeakers used in active noise reduction (ANR) headsets are generally identical to loudspeakers used in commercial headphones. Unfortunately, the frequency response characteristics of these loudspeakers are not particularly well suited for open-air active noise control (ANC). Open-air headsets float outside the ear with no contact between the system and the user and allow for regular conversation with others in the environment.
This study has identified three limitations on the closed-loop performance of open-air headsets: the distribution of gain and phase in the loudspeaker's open-loop frequency response function, manufacturing variations in loudspeakers that can deviate from design specifications by up to 40%, and the variations in acoustic impedance coupling (ear-to-speaker) among users. This thesis explores the mechanisms that underlie these limitations with the goal of designing open-air headsets that are robust to manufacturing and user variations. Methods are introduced on ways to minimize the effects of manufacturing and user variations and are proven by experiment. With these variations minimized, the controller's design is only limited by the frequency response of the loudspeaker. A comprehensive examination of techniques to model moving-coil loudspeakers is presented followed by detailed studies on how each parameter affects the system's frequency response. A review of frequency domain control system design is then included to help the reader understand loop-shaping techniques. Finally, a compensator is designed for an open-air ANR headset using loop-shaping techniques and the robustness of the closed-loop performance is verified experimentally.Master of Science
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Moretti, Sandro Pasquini. "O DESEMPENHO DAS EMPRESAS DO GRANDE ABC DE 2001 A 2008." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2011. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/172.
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This study investigates empirically the performance of companies in the Grande ABC region increasingly industrialized and economically representative for the country. The seven cities that represent the region, Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo, São Caetano do Sul, Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires and Rio Grande da Serra, have in recent years economic growth considerably above the country's growth and development has stimulated the growth of the country. The empirical analysis uses panel data and examines the performance of firms in the seven cities that make up the Grande ABC during the years 2001 to 2008 using the multilevel methodology and three performance measures: ROA, ROE and OROA. The multilevel approach allowed the identification of key factors that are associated or not to performance of these companies and these effects are the year, the company itself, the sub sector, the sector and the city that the company is located. Among the tree performance measures used there was significant convergence, in addition the study identified that there is a significant effect on corporate performance associated with the year and the company itself, and show that the sectors, subsectors and the city that the company is do not have a significant effect associated with these firm performance.
Essa pesquisa investiga empiricamente o desempenho das empresas do Grande ABC, região industrializada e cada vez mais representativa economicamente para o país. As sete cidades que representam a região, Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo, São Caetano do Sul, Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires e Rio Grande da Serra, tiverem nos últimos anos um crescimento econômico consideravelmente acima do crescimento do país e seu desenvolvimento tem impulsionado o crescimento do país. A análise empírica utiliza dados em painel e investiga o desempenho das firmas das sete cidades que compõe o Grande ABC durante os anos de 2001 a 2008 utilizando a metodologia multinível e três medidas de desempenho: ROA, OROA e ROE. A metodologia multinível possibilitou a identificação dos principais efeitos que estão associados ou não ao desempenho das empresas, entre esses efeitos estão o ano, a própria empresa, o subsetor, o setor e a cidade que a empresa se localiza. Entre as três medidas de desempenho utilizadas houve significativa convergência e, além disso, o estudo identificou que há um significativo efeito no desempenho das empresas associado ao ano e à própria empresa, além de mostrar que os setores, os subsetores e a cidade que a empresa se localiza não apresentam um efeito significativo associado ao desempenho dessas firmas.
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Tham, Kokchu Donald. "Representing and reasoning about costs using enterprise models and ABC." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0005/NQ41324.pdf.
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Valdambrini, Natasha Murgu. "Simulação da qualidade do ar para ozônio na região do Grande ABC considerando as fontes móveis e fixas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2017.
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Orientadora: Profa Dra Cláudia BoianDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, 2017.
De acordo com o Decreto Estadual nº. 52469/07, a Região do Grande ABC (RGABC) encontra-se saturada por ozônio (O3) e apresenta peculiaridades em relação a outros locais da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), porque além de uma frota veicular significativa, também possui um forte caráter industrial, com a presença do Polo Petroquímico de Capuava (PPCP) na divisa dos municípios de Mauá e Santo André, em uma área residencial densamente ocupada. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram simular a qualidade do ar para O3 na RGABC, através do uso do modelo fotoquímico de qualidade do ar CIT (Caltech Institute Technology), considerando três cenários para avaliar a contribuição individual das emissões das fontes móveis ou fixas e de ambas para a formação do O3 e avaliar os efeitos da circulação meteorológica de brisa marítima no transporte de O3 e precursores. O período de estudo foi de 28 de setembro a 01 de outubro de 2011 quando houve ultrapassagens do padrão de qualidade e/ou do nível de atenção na RGABC. Os resultados mostraram que durante o período da tarde quando a atividade fotoquímica é mais intensa, as direções preferenciais dos ventos foram de noroeste (NW) e sudoeste (SW) com velocidades dos ventos variando de condições de aragem a brisa forte (0,5 a 8,8 m/s). Neste período a região estava sob o efeito da produção local e de transporte de O3 e precursores provenientes das sub-regiões oeste, norte e sudoeste da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) e também da cidade de São Paulo. Nos períodos da madrugada, manhã e noite a direção preferencial dos ventos foi de sudeste (SE), fazendo com que a RGABC se tornasse exportadora de poluentes. Em nível local a região mais afetada pelo efeito de transporte proveniente da área fonte (PPCP), quando sob efeito de brisa marítima, foi a cidade de São Caetano Sul. Considerando este período específico de simulação, a comparação entre os três cenários em geral mostrou concentrações mais altas na pluma de O3 para o cenário 3 (fontes móveis + fixas) seguido pelos cenários 1 (fontes móveis) e 2 (fontes fixas), mostrando que as emissões de hidrocarbonetos (HC) da fonte fixa foi mais significativa do que as de óxido de nitrogênio (NO) para a formação do O3. Assim, este trabalho mostrou que é de grande importância a avaliação da contribuição das emissões tanto das fontes móveis quanto fixas na RGABC, uma vez que os poluentes emitidos e gerados terão impactos não somente a nível local.
According to the State Decree nº. 52469/07, the Great ABC Region (GABCR) is satured with ozone once it presents peculiarities in relation to other locations in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP), as a significantly high vehicle fleet, it also has a strong industrial character, with the presence of the Petrochemical Capuava Complex (PCPC) on the border between the cities of Mauá and Santo André, a densely occupied residential area. The objectives of this work were to simulate air quality for O3 in GABCR through the use of the CIT (Caltech Institute Technology) air quality model, considering three scenarios to evaluate the individual contribution of emissions from mobile and/or fixed sources for the formation of O3 and to evaluate the effects of the meteorological circulation of sea breeze on the transport of O3 and precursors. The study period was from September 28 to October 1, 2011 when there were exceedances of the quality standard and/or level of attention in the GABCR. The results showed that during the afternoon when the photochemical activity is more intense, the main wind directions were northwestern (NW) and southwestern (SW) with varying wind velocities from breezes to strong breezes (0.5 to 8.8 m/s). In this period the region was under the effect of local production and transport of O3 and precursors from the western, northern and southwestern suburbs of the MRSP and also from the city of São Paulo. In the early morning, morning and night the main direction of the winds was of southeast (SE), causing the GABCR to become exporter of pollutants. At the local level, the region most affected by the transport effect from the source area (PPCP), when under sea breeze, was the city of São Caetano Sul. Considering this specific simulation period, the comparison between the three scenarios in general showed higher concentrations in the O3 plume for scenario 3 (mobile + fixed sources) followed by scenarios 1 (mobile sources) and 2 (fixed sources), showing that HC emissions from the fixed source was more significant than those of NO for O3 formation. Thus, this work showed that it is of great importance to evaluate the contribution of emissions from both mobile and fixed sources in the GABCR, since the generated and emitted pollutants will have impacts not only at the local level.
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Valluru, Prathap, and Janakiram Karlapudi. "A Semantic Data Model to Represent Building Material Data in AEC Collaborative Workflows." Springer Nature, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73537.
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The specification of building material is required in multiple phases of engineering and construction projects towards holistic BIM implementations. Building material information plays a vital role in design decisions by enabling different simulation processes, such as energy, acoustic, lighting, etc. Utilization and sharing of building material information between stakeholders are some of the major influencing factors on the practical implementation of the BIM process. Different meta-data schemas (e.g. IFC) are usually available to represent and share material information amongst partners involved in a construction project. However, these schemas have their own constraints to enable efficient data sharing amongst stakeholders. This paper explains these constraints and proposes a methodological approach for the representation of material data using semantic web concepts aiming to support the sharing of BIM data and interoperability enhancements in collaboration workflows. As a result, the DICBM (https://w3id.org/digitalconstruction/BuildingMaterials) ontology was developed which improves the management of building material information in the BIM-based collaboration process.:Abstract
1. Introduction and Background
1.1 Building Information Modeling for collaboration
1.2 Information management in AEC using semantic web technologies
2 DICBM: Digital Construction Building Material Ontology
2.1 Building Material Data in IFC
2.2 Overview of the building material ontology
2.3 Integration of external ontology concepts and roles
2.4 Material Definition
2.5 Material, Material Type, and Material Property
2.6 Data Properties in DICBM
3 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
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Gouvêa, Cantídio Fernando. "Estudo do desenvolvimento floral em espécies arbóreas da família Meliaceae." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFS, 2005. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/1682.
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A família Meliaceae compreende cerca de 51 gêneros e 550 espécies distribuídas principalmente na região Neotropical. Incluídas nesta família, estão espécies de elevado interesse comercial para a produção de madeiras nobres. Há carência de informações quanto à biologia floral dessas espécies, que aliada a problemas silviculturas dificulta a elaboração de programas efetivos de melhoramento genético das espécies de interesse econômico da família. O presente trabalho visa contribuir para o entendimento do desenvolvimento floral na família Meliaceae, com destaque para sete espécies de interesse econômico e/ou ecológico: Cedrela fissilis L., Cedrela odorata L., Swietenia macrophylla R. A. King, Trichilia claussenii C. DC., Guarea guidonea (L.) Sleumer, Toona ciliata M. J. Roem e Melia azedarach L. Para os estudos morfo-anatômicos utilizaram-se técnicas de microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Analisou-se igualmente o padrão de expressão de genes do modelo ABC, relacionados ao desenvolvimento floral, via hibridização in situ. Os estudos morfo-anatômicos permitiram caracterizar o desenvolvimento dos primórdios dos órgãos florais e o estabelecimento de estágios arbitrários de desenvolvimento, auxiliando na caracterização da expressão gênica. Estes resultados permitiram ainda a identificação de flores funcionalmente femininas ou masculinas em S. macrophylla C. fissilis, C. odorata e T. ciliata, as quais apresentam dimorfismo sexual. O padrão de expressão dos homólogos dos genes: APETALA1 (AP1), APETALA3 (AP3) e AGAMOUS (AG) foram diferentes daqueles previstos pelo modelo ABC. A expressão dos homólogos de AP1 foi verificada em todo o meristema floral nos estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento, em todas as espécies estudadas. O sinal de expressão concentrou-se nos primórdios das sépalas e pétalas em estágios mais avançados do desenvolvimento, porém um fraco sinal de hibridização de AP1 foi verificado em todos os verticilos. A expressão dos homólogos de AP3 foi verificada nas regiões previstas pelo modelo ABC, correspondentes ao segundo e terceiro verticilos. Porém um fraco sinal de AP3 foi também observado no quarto verticilo, o que não é previsto pelo modelo teórico. A expressão dos homólogos de AG foi restrita à região central do meristema floral, correspondente ao terceiro e quarto verticilos, em todos os estágios do desenvolvimento floral de todas as espécies estudadas. Entretanto, sinais adicionais de hibridização dos homólogos de AG foram visualizados na região abaxial dos primórdios de sépalas e pétalas em C. fissilis, C. odorata e T. ciliata. Os estudos da expressão dos genes do modelo ABC em Meliaceae revelaram padrões de expressão que não concordam com o modelo teórico vigente do controle molecular da determinação da identidade dos órgãos florais._________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: The Meliaceae family comprises approximately 51 genus and 550 species mainly distributed in the Neotropical region. In this family there are many species of commercial interest for the production of noble wood. The lack of information on the floral biology associated with silvicultural problems limits the elaboration of effective breeding programs with species of economic interest. The present work aims to contribute with the understanding of floral development in Meliaceae, focusing in seven species of economical or ecological interest: Cedrela fissilis L., Cedrela odorata L., Swietenia macrophylla R. A. King, Trichilia claussenii C. DC., Guarea guidonea (L.) Sleumer, Toona ciliata M. J. Roem e Melia azedarach L. Morpho-anatomical analyses were done by light and scannning electron microscopy. The expression pattern of the ABC model genes, which are related to floral development, was analyzed by in situ hybridization. The characterization of the development of floral organ primordia and the establishment of arbitrary stages of floral development was done and was important for the characterization of gene expression. These results allowed for the identification of functionally female and male flowers in Swietenia macrophylla, Cedrela fissilis, Cedrela odorata and Toona ciliata, characterizing sexual dimorphism. The patterns of gene expression of the homologous of APETALA 1, APETALA 3 and AGAMOUS were different from those predicted by the ABC model. AP1 expression was observed in the entire floral meristem in the initial stages of development, in all seven species. The expression signal was more concentrated in sepal and petal primordia in further stages of development, although a weak hybridization signal of AP1 was verified in all four whorls. The expression of AP3 homologs was observed in the second and third whorls, as predicted by the ABC model. However, a weak signal of AP3 was also observed in the forth whorl, which was not predicted by the ABC model. AG homolog expression was restricted to the central region of the floral meristem, corresponding to the third and forth whorls, in all stages of development of all seven species. However, additional hybridization signal of AG homologs were seen in the abaxial region of sepal and petal primordia in Cedrela fissilis, Cedrela odorata and Toona ciliata. The analyses of the ABC model genes in Meliaceae revealed that the expression patterns do not agree with the theoretical currently accepted model that determines the molecular control of the identity of the floral organs.
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Agarwal, Anuj. "Low-power current-mode ADC for CMOS sensor IC." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2706.
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A low-energy current-mode algorithmic pipelined ADC targeted for use in distributed sensor networks is presented. The individual nodes combine sensing,
computation and communications into an extremely small volume. The nodes operate with very low duty cycle due to limited energy. Ideally these sensor networks will be massive in size and dense in order to promote redundancy. In addition the networks will be collectively intelligent and adaptive. To achieve these goals, distributed sensor networks will require very small,inexpensive nodes that run for long periods of time on very little energy. One component of such network nodes is an A/D converter. An ADC acts as a crucial interface between the sensed environment and the sensor network as a whole. The work presented here focuses on moderate resolution, and moderate speed, but ultra-low-power ADCs. The 6
bit current-mode algorithmic pipelined ADC reported here consumes 8 pJ/bit samples at 0.65V supply and 130 kS/s. The current was chosen as the information carrying quantity
instead of voltage as it is more favorable for low-voltage and low-power applications. The reference current chosen was 150nA. All the blocks are using transistors operating in subthreshold or weak inversion region of operation, to work in low-voltage and low current supply.
The DNL and INL plots are given in simulation results section. The area of the overall ADC was 0.046 mm2 only.
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Junior, Eduardo Hippert. "Investigação experimental do comportamento dúctil de aços API-X70 e aplicação de curvas de resistência J-∆a para previsão de colapso em dutos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3135/tde-08092004-114717/.
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Este trabalho investiga o comportamento dúctil de aços microligados classe API utilizado em tubulações na indústria do petróleo, e apresenta um estudo exploratório da aplicação da abordagem local e do modelo micromecânico de células computacionais para modelar a extensão estável de trinca em Modo I de abertura em aço ARBL. Ensaios laboratoriais na temperatura ambiente do aço API 5L X70 (utilizando corpos-de-prova normalizados) fornecem a curva de resistência à fratura (curva-R) do material. Esta curva foi utilizada para calibrar os parâmetros micromecânicos de células computacionais empregados no modelo. Este modelo foi utilizado para prever a pressão de colapso de dutos de paredes finas utilizados no transporte de gás, que apresentam defeitos longitudinais de diferentes razões entre profundidade de trinca e espessura de parede (a/t). As análises numéricas realizadas demonstram a capacidade da metodologia de células computacionais 2D em simular o rasgamento dúctil e o crescimento estável de trincas em corpos-de-prova de mecânica da fratura, assim como prever a pressão de colapso de estruturas tubulares contendo defeitos (trincas).This study presents the experimental investigation of the ductile behaviour of microalloyed pipeline steel. Additionally, it extends the computational cell methodology to model Mode I crack extension in a high strength low alloy HSLA steel. Laboratory testing of an API 5L X70 steel at room temperature using standard, deep crack C(T) specimens provides the crack growth resistance curve to calibrate the micromechanics cell parameters for the material. The cell model incorporating the calibrated material-specific parameters is then applied to predict the burst pressure of a thin-walled gas pipeline containing longitudinal cracks with varying crack depth to thickness ratios (a/t). The numerical analyses demonstrate the capability of the computational cell approach to simulate ductile crack growth in fracture specimens and to predict the burst pressure of thin-walled tubular structures containing crack-like defects.
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Arruda, Agnaldo Fernando Vieira de. "Um modelo adaptado do sistema de custeio baseado em atividades (ABC)." Florianópolis, SC, 2002. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/82867.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-19T19:01:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
O setor produtivo de calcário agrícola no Estado de Goiás vem sofrendo, como todos os outros, transformações no últimos anos, ocasionado por fatores como queda no monopólio dos preços, novos entrantes, competitividade e globalização. Como decorrência estes fatores, estas empresas começaram a sentir a necessidade de buscar melhoria, procurando novas ferramentas de gestão empresarial para os seus negócios, a fim de se manterem eficientes e competitivas no mercado. Neste trabalho, portanto, é proposto um modelo de sistema de custeio baseado em atividades, para ser usado como ferramenta gerencial nas empresas produtoras de calcário agrícola, de forma a promover a melhoria contínua das atividades, através da análise de valor agregado, usando o gerenciamento baseado nas atividades. Parta avaliar a eficiência do modelo proposto foi desenvolvida uma aplicação em uma empresa típica do setor, que produz calcário agrícola como produto principal e brita como subproduto. Com a aplicação do modelo foi possível testar os passos de um sistema ABC e análises pelo sistema ABM, e também conhecer os benefícios alcançados pelo teste como: obtenção do mapa do processo e atividades, análise de valor agregado e propostas de melhorias para as atividades, de acordo com os resultados apresentados.
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Camy, Alexandre Rosa. "Aplicação do modelo UCON abc em sistemas de comércio eletrônico B2B." Florianópolis, SC, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/102447.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduaçõa em Ciência da Computação.Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-16T00:58:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 220823.pdf: 1700842 bytes, checksum: 339544c3cbf00d6d06566d73e3518766 (MD5)
Recentemente foi proposto um modelo de controle de acesso, denominado UCONABC, que além de unir alguns dos principais conceitos de controle de acesso ainda propõe novos conceitos como: obrigações, condições, continuidade e mutabilidade. Apesar de abrangente, o UCONABC possui limitações e existem ainda muitas melhorias a serem pesquisadas, como por exemplo, a definição de uma forma adequada da aplicação deste modelo em Sistemas de Comércio Eletrônico (CE) Business-to-Business (B2B). Publicações científicas nesta área afirmam que são necessárias pesquisas na especificação, validação e execução de políticas de controle de acesso para sistemas B2B. Esta dissertação possui como principal contribuição científica a proposta de uma forma de aplicação do UCONABC em sistemas de CE B2B que interajam entre si. Além disso, é proposto o Agrupamento Implícito Parcial, uma técnica que facilita o gerenciamento de permissões neste tipo de sistema. A aplicabilidade da proposta desta dissertação é apresentada através de uma descrição detalhada da implementação de um sistema de CE B2B onde o controle de acesso segue as especificações desta proposta. Por fim, é apresentado um estudo de caso em que é possível visualizar, através de um exemplo do mundo real, a aplicação da proposta desta dissertação neste tipo de sistema.
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Hallström, Claes. "Design and Implementation of a Digitally Compensated N-Bit C-xC SAR ADC Model : Optimization of an Eight-Bit C-xC SAR ADC." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniksystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97400.
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In this master’s thesis a model of a digitally compensated N-bit C-xC sar adc was developed.The architecture uses charge redistribution in a C-xC capacitor network to performthe conversion. Focus in the master’s thesis was set to understand how the charge is redistributedin the network during the conversion and calibration phase. Redundancy andparasitic capacitors is present in the system and rises the need for extra conversion steps aswell as a calibration algorithm. The calibration algorithm, Bit Weight Estimation, calculatesa weight corresponding to each bit which is used in the last conversion step to perform adigital weighting. The result of extensive calculations in different C-xC capacitor networkswas a model in Python of an N-bit C-xC sar adc. That model was used to create a model ofan eight-bit C-xC sar adc and finding suitable parameters for it through calculations andsimulations. The parameters giving the best inl was chosen. With the best parameters theC-xC sar adc static and dynamic performance was tested and showed an inl of less than1lsb, snr of 47:8 dB and enob of 7:6 bits.
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Jaeckel, Stephanie [Verfasser], and Heiko [Akademischer Betreuer] Hermeking. "Genetic analysis of Ap4 in the ApcMin mouse model / Stephanie Jaeckel ; Betreuer: Heiko Hermeking." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1184794049/34.
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Queiroz, C. J. "Validation of novel colorectal cancer biomarkers derived from animal models of Apc inactivation : analysis of cohorts from the UK and Brazil." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3008052/.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third and second most common cause of cancer death in men and women, respectively, worldwide. Most deaths result from late diagnosis and the lack of effective treatments for patients with advanced disease. Better biomarkers for early diagnosis, prediction of response to treatment and prognostic determination are therefore urgently needed. In this research, we have assessed several CRC candidate biomarkers that had previously been identified during studies involving animal models of adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) inactivation (the most common genetic alteration in colorectal carcinogenesis). Our hypothesis was that these candidate proteins would translate into valid biomarkers of human colorectal neoplasia. Therefore, we tested the expression of these candidate biomarkers in tissue and blood samples obtained from patients with colorectal neoplasia as well as healthy controls. Patient cohorts from the UK and Brazil were analysed in this research. Using electronic scoring tools, we assessed the immunohistochemical expression of the candidate proteins in normal colonic mucosa, adjacent non-neoplastic colonic mucosa, colonic adenomas and colorectal cancer samples. Clear differential patterns of expression were observed for nucleosome assembly protein 1 – like 1 (NAP1L1), ribosomal protein L6 (RPL6) and prohibitin (PHB) when comparing cancers and non-malignant tissues. Additionally, NAP1L1 and RPL6 exhibited different expression patterns in low-grade versus high-grade adenomas, thus suggesting that they may play roles in the transition from low-risk to high-risk premalignant lesions. Gene expression studies showed that NAP1L1 and RPL6 were highly expressed in the tumour and the adjacent mucosa from patients with CRC when compared to colonic biopsies obtained from normal control subjects. These results support a role for these genes not only in colorectal carcinogenesis but also in colonic “field cancerisation”. RPL6 silencing resulted in strong inhibition of proliferation in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. PCR-array studies demonstrated that RPL6 silencing caused up-regulation of BCL2 associated X (BAX) and mutS homolog 2 (MSH2) - protectors against cancer development, and down-regulation of matrix metalloproteases 12 and 13 (MMP-12 and MMP-13) - promoters of cancer progression, supporting the importance of RPL6 in colorectal carcinogenesis. The blood concentrations of NAP1L1 (assessed using a novel in-house electrochemiluminescence immunoassay), RPL6 and PHB (measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits) did not show any significant differences in cancer individuals when compared with normal controls and adenoma-bearing individuals. However, several new findings related to the measurement of the concentrations of these proteins in blood-derived fluids were made. A study of a retrospective cohort of CRC patients clearly demonstrated that the immunohistochemical expression of NAP1L1 was related to prognosis. High nuclear expression of NAP1L1 was independently associated with a marked increase in overall survival and 5-year survival estimates. Mortality in this group was 61 to 72% lower when compared with the low-expression group. This difference was however only observed in patients who had late stage disease (stages III and IV). The original contribution of this thesis is the confirmation that the candidate biomarkers derived from animal models of Apc inactivation are also differentially expressed in human CRC samples. The results produced by the various methodologies described suggest that NAP1L1, RPL6 and PHB may be potential novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of CRC and the identification of high-risk premalignant lesions. Additionally, the association of NAP1L1 expression with the prognosis of CRC patients has not been previously reported and may have a clinical application. Further prospective research assessing larger sample cohorts is now highly recommended in order to confirm these findings.
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Chandrasekaran, Monika. "Context for API Calls in Malware vs Benign Programs." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1626357313703682.
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Evangelista, Marcilene Gomes. "Avaliação da resposta imune inata no desenvolvimento do modelo de Encefalomielite Autoimune Experimental (EAE)." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/5291.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma doença inflamatória, crônica e desmielinizante do sistema nervoso central (SNC). É na maioria dos casos grave e incapacitante, afetando cerca de 2,5 milhões de pessoas em todo mundo. Encefalomielite autoimune experimental (EAE) é um modelo murino de doença autoimune, mediada por linfócitos Th1 e Th17, desenvolvido para o estudo da EM. O protocolo de indução do modelo utiliza o adjuvante completo de Freund (CFA) que contem padrões moleculares associados ao patógeno (PAMPs) que se ligam aos receptores Toll-like (TLRs), expressos em células apresentadoras de antígeno (APC), cruciais para ativação dos linfócitos T. Estes receptores são necessários à indução da EAE, ativando vias de sinalização nas células da imunidade inata e adaptativa, que podem induzir a produção de mediadores pró-inflamatórios, responsáveis pela lesão no SNC, ou mediadores anti-inflamatórios, que podem participar da regulação da doença. O presente estudo avaliou a resposta imune inata na fase inicial de desenvolvimento da EAE em camundongos C57BL/6 imunizados com o peptídeo MOG35-55 (glicoproteína mielínica de oligodendrócitos) e CFA (grupo EAE) ou somente CFA (grupo MOG negativo). Os animais foram sacrificados nos dias 2, 4 e 7 após a indução do modelo. Os linfonodos inguinais e a medula espinhal foram removidos e submetidos à análise histológica, dosagens de citocinas e quimiocinas, assim como avaliação da expressão dos TLRs. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que somente os animais do grupo EAE desenvolveram sinais clínicos da doença. Este grupo também apresentou intenso infiltrado celular na medula espinal no 7º dia após a indução, níveis elevados de quimiocinas CCL5 e CCL20 e citocinas IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10 e TGF- β no SNC, além de maior número de APCs expressando TLR3, TLR4 e TLR9. Desta forma, estes dados sugerem que a expressão dos TLRs e a produção das citocinas pró-inflamatórias mostram-se como sendo fatores críticos para a indução da EAE e, o aumento de padrões anti-inflamatórios, ainda nos pontos iniciais do desenvolvimento da doença, sugere o uso destes padrões, como mecanismos de regulação do modelo experimental e, possivelmente da EM.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It is in most cases severe and disabling, affecting about 2.5 million people worldwide. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a murine model of autoimmune disease mediated by Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes developed for studying MS. The induction protocol model uses the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) containing the pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that bind to Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on antigen presenting cells (APC), crucial for activation T lymphocytes. These receptors are necessary for the induction of EAE by activating signal pathways in cells of the innate and adaptive immunity, which can induce the production of pro-inflammatory mediators responsible for the CNS lesions or anti-inflammatory mediators that can participate in the regulation of disease. The present study evaluated the innate immune response in the initial phase of development of EAE in C57BL/6 mice immunized with MOG35-55 peptide (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) and CFA (group EAE) or CFA alone (group MOG negative). The animals were sacrificed on days 2, 4 and 7 after induction model. The inguinal lymph nodes and spinal cord were removed and subjected to histological, serum cytokines and chemokines, as well as evaluating the expression of TLRs. The results showed that only animals of group EAE developed clinical signs of disease. This group also showed an intense cellular infiltrate in the spinal cord on day 7 after induction, high levels of chemokines CCL5 and CCL20 and cytokines IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10 and TGF-β in the CNS, and increased number of APCs expressing TLR3, TLR4 and TLR9. Thus, these data suggest that expression of TLRs and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines are shown as being critical for the induction of EAE, and increased anti-inflammatory patterns, still in the initial points of development of the disease, suggests the use of these patterns as regulation mechanisms of the experimental model and possibly the MS.
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Gonçalves, Daniel Rodrigues. "Projeto de implementação e melhoria da gestão de stocks numa empresa agroindustrial." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14607.
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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialAtualmente, a globalização está mais estabelecida do que nunca e com isso observa-se elevado níveis de concorrência entre empresas. Mercados dinâmicos, promovem uma maior competição, exigem padrões cada vez mais elevados de eficiência e qualidade, e tal obriga a otimização da cadeia de abastecimento. Com vista aos resultados, as empresas carecem de maximizar a sua cadeia de valor, com as cadeias de abastecimento e logística desempenhando papéis cruciais. O presente estudo aborda a importância de processos logísticos avançados e modelos de gestão de stocks, enquanto ilustra a sua aplicação numa empresa real, agroindustrial que atua no setor de FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods). Através da análise das suas principais restrições logísticas, foi identificada a gestão de packing materials como a principal limitação para manter os custos baixos. Assim, neste projeto para realização da otimização de gestão de stocks, definiu-se que a procura anual foi igual às vendas de 2016, acrescendo 10%, de desperdício do processo produtivo. Consecutivamente, aplicou-se uma classificação ABC aos valores da procura anual com o objectivo de identificar os itens com maior impacto. Através do modelo de Quantidade Económica de Encomenda (QEE), determinaram-se as quantidades ótimas para um custo total de inventário mínimo, dos artigos definidos como muito importantes. Finalmente, efectuou-se os cálculos do custo total com inventários em 2016 e quais seriam os custos utilizando a QEE, e foi observado que a utilização de um método de gestão de stocks permite à empresa uma poupança anual de cerca de 15,22% face aos custos totais reportados anteriormente.
Today, globalization is more established than ever before and with this we see high levels of competition between companies. Dynamic markets, which fosters competition, demands higher levels of efficiency and quality, for that is required true expertise in supply chain optimization. Deliver a good product or service that consumers' want is not enough to be competitive and sustainable in the long term in this hostile market. Looking for results, companies need to maximize their value chain, with supply chain and logistics playing really important roles. Therefore, the present study addresses the importance of advanced logistics processes and stock management models, while it illustrates its application in a real company, an agroindustrial company operating in FMCG sector. Through the analysis of its main logistic constraints, it was identified the management of packing materials as one limitation to maintain costs low. Hence, in this project for the optimization of stock management, it was defined that the annual demand for packaging materials was equal to the sales of 2016, adding 10% of the average waste process. Thus, ABC classification in order to identify the items with the highest impact. Through the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model it was determined the optimal for a minimal cost of, of the articles defined as very important. Finally, we calculated the total cost with inventories in 2016 and what costs would be using the EOQ, we observed that the use of a OEQ method allows the company an annual saving of 15,22% over total costs reported before.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Langenfeld, Natalie Rose. "A novel sequential ABC algorithm with applications to the opioid crisis using compartmental models." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6171.
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The abuse of and dependence on opioids are major public health problems, and have been the focus of intense media coverage and scholarly inquiry. This research explores the problem in Iowa through the lens of infectious disease modeling. We wanted to identify the current state of the crisis, factors affecting the progression of the addiction process, and evaluate interventions as data becomes available. We introduced a novel sequential Approximate Bayesian Computation technique to address shortcomings of existing methods in this complex problem space, after surveying the literature for available Bayesian computation techniques.
A spatial compartmental model was used which allowed forward and backward progression through susceptible, exposed, addicted, and removed disease states. Data for this model were compiled over the years 2006-2016 for Iowa counties, from a variety of sources. Prescription overdose deaths and treatment data were obtained from the Iowa Department of Public Health, possession and distribution arrest data were acquired from the Iowa Department of Public Safety, a measure of total available pain reliever prescriptions was derived from private health insurance claims data, and population totals were obtained from the US Census Bureau.
Inference was conducted in a Bayesian framework. A measure called the empirically adjusted reproductive number which estimates the expected number of new users generated from a single user was used to examine the growth of the crisis. Results expose the trend in recruitment of new users, and peak recruitment times. While we identify an overall decrease in the rate of spread during the study period, the scope of the problem remains severe, and interesting outlying trends require further investigation. In addition, an examination of the reproductive numbers estimated for contact within and between counties indicates that medical exposure, rather than spread through social networks, may be the key driver of this crisis.
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Wang, Jun. "Selecting the Best Linear Mixed Model Using Predictive Approaches." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1697.pdf.
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Bernelin-Cottet, Cindy. "Développement d'un vaccin à ADN contre le virus du Syndrome Dysgénésique et Respiratoire Porcin (PRRSV)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA004/document.
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Le Syndrome Dysgénésique et Respiratoire Porcin (PRRS) est la maladie infectieuse endémique la plus couteuse en élevage porcin dont l'agent responsable est un Arterivirus, le PRRSV, qui présente une grande diversité génétique. L'infection par le PRRSV est fréquemment associée à l'infection par les virus influenza. La vaccination est une méthode de lutte adaptée contre ces virus. Dans le cas du PRRSV, les vaccins les plus utilisés sont des virus vivants modifiés (MLV) qui induisent une immunité protectrice peu efficace contre les variants viraux. Dans le cas du virus influenza, les vaccins inactivés utilisés présentent la même insuffisance.Dans ce travail de thèse, j'ai évalué des stratégies vaccinales visant à induire une immunité efficace contre des variants viraux, en utilisant des antigènes conservés entre souches, adressés aux cellules présentatrices d'antigènes (APC), et j'ai analysé l'effet de différentes voies et modes d'administration.Dans le cas du virus grippal, le ciblage d'antigènes conservés (HA2, M2e, NP) au CD11c a permis d'augmenter la réponse T uniquement lors d'administration par voie intramusculaire (IM) et fut sans effet sur la réponse anticorps. La vaccination par voie intradermique s'est traduit par une exacerbation de la pathologie lors d'une épreuve virale, alors que la vaccination par voie IM a réduit les symptômes, la durée d'excrétion virale en corrélation avec une meilleure réponse anticorps anti-HA2 et M2e.Dans le cas du virus PRRSV qui fut mon sujet principal d'étude, j'ai cherché à optimiser des réponses lymphocytaires T IFNγ en employant une stratégie vaccinale ADN codant des antigènes contenant des épitopes T conservés entre souches, ciblés aux APC. En effet, alors que les mutations virales conduisent à un échappement aux anticorps neutralisants, la réponse lymphocytaire T IFNγ a été proposée impliquée dans la protection croisée. J'ai montré que l'immunogénicité optimale de vaccins ADN PRRSV, conduisant à la réponse T la plus large, est obtenue par l'administration intradermique associée aux nanoparticules de PLGA (NP), suivi d'une électroporation (EP), par rapport à EP seul ou délivrance intradermique ou transcutanée avec des patches à micro-aiguilles résorbables. Cette immunogénicité optimale est associée à une bonne transfection des cellules de la peau, à une accumulation de cellules inflammatoires, et à une mobilisation des cellules dendritiques. J'ai ensuite utilisé ce mode d'administration EP+NP pour immuniser des porcs avec des plasmides codant des antigènes conservés du PRRSV adressés ou non aux APC via CD11c ou XCR1. Les porcs ont été immunisés soit avec des injections répétées d'ADN seul soit en prime-boost ADN-MLV. Le régime ADN-MLV s'est montré supérieur pour l'induction de réponse B et T à celui de l'ADN ou du MLV seuls, et le ciblage aux APC a nettement augmenté la réponse anticorps mais pas la réponse T IFNγ. Dans une expérience suivante à visée d'application sur le terrain, j'ai utilisé le régime ADN-MLV (sans NP cette fois), délivré avec EP ou avec jet sous pression (PJ). Dans ces conditions, la primo-vaccination avec ADN n'a pas significativement augmenté la réponse T IFNγ induite par le MLV, mais elle a clairement augmenté la réponse anticorps avec un bénéfice du ciblage des APC. L'immuno-potentialisation induite par la primo-vaccination ADN n'a pas conduit à l'amélioration de la protection contre une épreuve avec un virus hétérologue et a montré que cette protection n'est au final pas corrélée avec la réponse lymphocytaire T IFNγ et opère en l'absence d'anticorps neutralisants détectables. Enfin, l'ensemble de ce travail montre que l'effet du ciblage des APC chez le porc est influencé par la voie d'administration et par le régime d'administration comme le prime-boost ADN-MLVThe Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is the most damaging infectious disease in pigs worldwide. The etiologic agent is an Arterivirus, the PRRSV, which presents a large genetic diversity. PRRSV infection is frequently associated with influenza virus co-infection. Vaccination is a highly suitable way to control these viruses. In the case of PRRSV, the most effective commercial vaccines are modified live vaccines (MLV) which induce only a partial protection against heterologous strains. In the case of the influenza virus, the available inactivated vaccines show the same weakness.With the goal to control emerging influenza and PRRSV variants, I evaluated vaccine strategies involving conserved viral antigens between strains which were targeted to antigen-presenting cells (APC) and delivered by different routes and methods.In the case of influenza virus, the targeting of conserved antigens (HA2, M2e and NP) to CD11c led to increased IFNγ T cell responses only when vaccines were delivered by the intramuscular (IM) route and had no effect on the humoral response. The intradermal route exacerbated disease following challenge whereas the IM route reduced the symptoms, the duration of viral excretion in correlation with higher anti-HA2 and anti-M2e antibody responses.In the case of PRRSV, which was my main subject, I sought to optimize the IFNγ T cell responses by using DNA vaccines encoding antigens with conserved T-epitopes between strains, and targeted to APC. Indeed, whereas viral mutants escape neutralizing antibodies, it has been proposed that the IFNγ T cell responses are instrumental for cross-protection. I showed that the broadest T cell responses were induced by DNA vaccines combined to nanoparticles PLGA (NP) injected by the intradermal route, followed by electroporation (EP) compared with EP-only, intradermal route-only or transcutaneous dissolvable microneedles. This optimal immunogenicity was associated with a high transfection level of skin cells, an accumulation of inflammatory cells, and dendritic cells mobilisation. Next I used the EP+NP method to immunize pigs with plasmids encoding conserved PRRSV antigens targeted or not to APC via CD11c or XCR1. Pigs were immunized either with repeated injections of DNA alone or with a prime-boost DNA-MLV. The DNA-MLV regimen induced improved humoral and IFNγ T cell responses compared to DNA alone or MLV alone and the APC-targeting significantly increased the humoral response but not the IFNγ T cell response. Finally, I evaluated the DNA-MLV regimen efficacy, with an applied perspective, using naked DNA without NP and delivered by EP or by a convenient needle free injection technology (PJ). In these conditions, the DNA prime did not significantly increase the IFNγ T cell response induced by the MLV, but clearly increased the humoral response with a benefit of the APC-targeting. However, the immune potentiation induced by the DNA prime did not lead to an improved protection following a heterologous challenge. The heterologous protection was not correlated to the measured humoral and IFNγ T cell responses, and neutralizing antibodies were undetectable. Thus cross-protective effectors have not been sufficiently activated by our DNA-MLV strategy and the immune correlates of protection against heterologous PRRSV are still to be identified to develop cross-protective vaccines. Finally, this work shows that the effect of APC-targeting in pigs is influenced by delivery routes and methods and by vaccine regimen such as the prime-boost DNA-MLV
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Hellbe, Simon, and Peter Leung. "DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION : HOW APIS DRIVE BUSINESS MODEL CHANGE AND INNOVATION." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119506.
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Over the years, information technology has created opportunities to improve and extend businesses and to start conducting business in new ways. With the evolution of IT, all businesses and industries are becoming increasingly digitized. This process, or coevolution, of IT and business coming together is called digital transformation. One of the recent trends in this digital transformation is the use of application programmable interfaces (APIs). APIs are standardized digital communication interfaces, used for communication and exchange of information between systems, services and devices (such as computers, smartphones and connected machines). API communication is one of the foundational building blocks in recent disruptive technology trends such as mobile and cloud computing. The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of the business impact that is created in digital transformation related to the use of APIs. To investigate this novel area, an exploratory study is performed where a frame of reference with an exploratory framework is created based on established academic literature. The exploratory framework consists of three main parts which cover the research questions, including Business Drivers, Business Model Change & Innovation and Challenges & Limitations related to API-enabled digital transformation. The framework is used to gather empirical data consisting of two types, interviews (primary data) and contemporary reports (secondary data). Interviews are performed with API-utilizing companies, consulting firms and IT solution providers and contemporary reports are published by consulting and technology research and advisory firms. Two main business drivers are identified in the study. The first is Understanding & Satisfying Customer Needs which is derived from companies experiencing stronger and changing demands for automated, personalized value-adding services. This requires higher degree of integration across channels and organizations. The second driver is Business Agility, which derives from higher requirements on adapting to changing environments while maintaining operational efficiency. Cost Reduction is also mentioned as a third and secondary driver, as a positive side-effect in combination with the other drivers. The identified impact on business models is that business model innovation is mostly happening in the front-end of business model towards customers. Several examples also exist of purely API-enabled businesses that sell services or manage information exchanges over APIs. The challenges and limitations identified are mostly classic challenges of using IT in businesses and not specific to use of APIs, where the general consensus is that IT and business need to become more integrated, and that strategy and governance for API-initiatives need to be established.
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Künnemann, Robert. "Foundations for analyzing security APIs in the symbolic and computational model." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942459.
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Security critical applications often store keys on dedicated HSM or key-management servers to separate highly sensitive cryptographic operations from more vulnerable parts of the network. Access to such devices is given to protocol parties by the means of Security APIs, e.g., the RSA PKCS#11 standard, IBM's CCA and the TPM API, all of which protect keys by providing an API that allows to address keys only indirectly. This thesis has two parts. The first part deals with formal methods that allow for the identification of secure configurations in which Security APIs improve the security of existing protocols, e.g., in scenarios where parties can be corrupted. A promising paradigm is to regard the Security API as a participant in a protocol and then use traditional protocol analysis techniques. But, in contrast to network protocols, Security APIs often rely on the state of an internal database. When it comes to an analysis of an unbounded number of keys, this is the reason why current tools for protocol analysis do not work well. We make a case for the use of MSR as the back-end for verification and propose a new process calculus, which is a variant of the applied pi calculus with constructs for manipulation of a global state. We show that this language can be translated to MSR rules while preserving all security properties expressible in a dedicated first-order logic for security properties. The translation has been implemented in a prototype tool which uses the tamarin prover as a back-end. We apply the tool to several case studies among which a simplified fragment of PKCS#11, the Yubikey security token, and a contract signing protocol. The second part of this thesis aims at identifying security properties that a) can be established independent of the protocol, b) allow to catch flaws on the cryptographic level, and c) facilitate the analysis of protocols using the Security API. We adapt the more general approach to API security of Kremer et.al. to a framework that allows for composition in form of a universally composable key-management functionality. The novelty, compared to other definitions, is that this functionality is parametric in the operations the Security API allows, which is only possible due to universal composability. A Security API is secure if it implements correctly both key-management (according to our functionality) and all operations that depend on keys (with respect to the functionalities defining those operations). We present an implementation which is defined with respect to arbitrary functionalities (for the operations that are not concerned with key-management), and hence represents a general design pattern for Security APIs.
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Arledge, Christopher S. "Cosmological Model Selection and Akaike’s Criterion." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1430478203.
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Suzuki, Takuya. "Chondroitinase ABC treatment enhances synaptogenesis between transplant and host neurons in model of retinal degeneration." Kyoto University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/126424.
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Carter, Knute Derek. "Best-subset model selection based on multitudinal assessments of likelihood improvements." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5726.
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Given a set of potential explanatory variables, one model selection approach is to select the best model, according to some criterion, from among the collection of models defined by all possible subsets of the explanatory variables. A popular procedure that has been used in this setting is to select the model that results in the smallest value of the Akaike information criterion (AIC). One drawback in using the AIC is that it can lead to the frequent selection of overspecified models. This can be problematic if the researcher wishes to assert, with some level of certainty, the necessity of any given variable that has been selected.
This thesis develops a model selection procedure that allows the researcher to nominate, a priori, the probability at which overspecified models will be selected from among all possible subsets. The procedure seeks to determine if the inclusion of each candidate variable results in a sufficiently improved fitting term, and hence is referred to as the SIFT procedure. In order to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to retain a candidate variable or not, a set of threshold values are computed. Two procedures are proposed: a naive method based on a set of restrictive assumptions; and an empirical permutation-based method.
Graphical tools have also been developed to be used in conjunction with the SIFT procedure. The graphical representation of the SIFT procedure clarifies the process being undertaken. Using these tools can also assist researchers in developing a deeper understanding of the data they are analyzing.
The naive and empirical SIFT methods are investigated by way of simulation under a range of conditions within the standard linear model framework. The performance of the SIFT methodology is compared with model selection by minimum AIC; minimum Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC); and backward elimination based on p-values. The SIFT procedure is found to behave as designed—asymptotically selecting those variables that characterize the underlying data generating mechanism, while limiting the selection of false or spurious variables to the desired level.
The SIFT methodology offers researchers a promising new approach to model selection, whereby they are now able to control the probability of selecting an overspecified model to a level that best suits their needs.
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Domingues, Ana Cristina Garcia dos Remédios Vaz de Almeida Sobral. "O contributo das competências de comunicação dos médicos e enfermeiros para a literacia em saúde: O modelo ACP – Assertividade (A), Clareza (C) e Positividade (P) na relação terapêutica." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20901.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências da ComunicaçãoEsta investigação responde à pergunta sobre como, na relação terapêutica, as competências de comunicação dos médicos e enfermeiros, concretamente a assertividade, a clareza da linguagem e a positividade, contribuem para a literacia em saúde do paciente relativamente à dimensão da compreensão. Os objetivos específicos visam conhecer a importância que os médicos e os enfermeiros atribuem às suas competências de comunicação, como estas são percecionadas e usadas na relação terapêutica e a importância dada ao modelo ACP (assertividade – clareza – positividade), usado de forma agregado e interdependente na melhoria da literacia em saúde do paciente. A investigação apoia-se, epistemologicamente, na corrente interpretativista e na funcionalista e, teoricamente, na teoria relacional, na teoria situacional dos públicos, na teoria da resolução de problemas, na abordagem da persuasão, no modelo codificaçãodescodificação e na teoria social cognitiva conjugada com a teoria do comportamento planeado.Utilizou-se o método misto, que incluiu as técnicas do focus Group, do inquérito por questionário (Q-COM-LIT), da entrevista e da análise de conteúdo qualitativa. As técnicas de recolha envolveram 484 profissionais de saúde. Os resultados evidenciaram que o uso das competências de comunicação – assertividade, clareza e positividade – facilita a relação terapêutica e as instruções em saúde, contribuindo, de forma relevante, para aumentar a compreensão do paciente e a adesão e que as competências de comunicação são condição indispensável para aumentar a qualidade dos cuidados de saúde e a literacia em saúde do paciente. A análise de componente principais combinada com clusters permitiu reduzir e agregar 39 indicadores A-C-P em sete dimensões. Destacou-se o valor do modelo ACP, na díade em saúde, como um modelo recomendado de comunicação em saúde e para a literacia em saúde.
This research answers the question of how, in the therapeutic relationship, the communication skills of doctors and nurses, namely assertiveness, clarity of language and positivity, contribute to patient health literacy in relation to the understanding dimension. The specific objectives are to understand how doctors and nurses value their communication skills, how they are perceived and used in the therapeutic relationship, and the importance given to the ACP model (assertiveness - clarity - positivity), used in an aggregate and interdependent manner to improve patient health literacy. The research is based, epistemologically, on the interpretativist and functionalist current and, theoretically, on relational theory, the situational theory of the public, the theory of problem solving, the persuasion approach, the codification-decoding model and the cognitive social theory combined with the theory of planned behaviour. The mixed method was used, which included the focus group, questionnaire survey (Q-COMLIT), interview and qualitative content analysis techniques. The collection techniques involved 484 health professionals. The results showed that the use of communication skills - assertiveness, clarity and positivity - facilitates the therapeutic relationship and health instructions, contributing significantly to increase patient understanding and compliance, and that communication skills are an indispensable condition to increase the quality of health care and patient health literacy. The analysis of main components combined with clusters has made it possible to reduce and aggregate 39 A-C-P indicators into seven dimensions. The value of the ACP model in the health dyad was highlighted as a recommended model for health communication and health literacy.
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Kolář, Michal. "Komunikační modul pro simulátor X-PLANE." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376982.
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Laird, Daniel T. "Automatic Gain Control and Doppler Motion Models in LabVIEW." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609228.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaA simplex or ‘passive’ continuous wave and monopulse seeker tracks specific attributes of a target’s radio frequency (RF) radar return in some coordinate frame. In particular, a return carries dynamic information in amplitude (ω) and frequency (ω) at some point in azimuth (r,θ) and elevation (r,θ) planes. A passive seeker requires an illuminator beam, I(ω,φ,θ), and may require a frequency modulation on the illuminator. To model a simplex target return, we have based the dynamics on a point source radar cross section (RCS) along a line of sight (LoS) radial. The Az and El angles are equivalent to antenna placement, the attenuation and frequency dynamics are modeled in commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software.
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Macedo, Hélder Diogo Tavares. "Planeamento, controlo de gestão e o modelo ABC : implementação numa empresa de telecomunicações." Master's thesis, FEUC, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/21415.
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Relatório de estágio do mestrado em Gestão, apresentado à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra, sob a orientação de Patrícia Moura e Sá e José Picado.O objetivo deste relatório é o de ilustrar a importância e o papel do planeamento e dos processos de controlo nas empresas, dando a conhecer o procedimento de implementação e testes do novo processo de custeio da PT Inovação, tendo por base todo o modelo conceptual que foi desenvolvido para o efeito. A solução de custeio implementada tem na sua génese o Custeio Baseado nas Atividades (ABC). Essa implementação teve (e ainda tem) que lidar com dificuldades inerentes às especificidades da própria organização, as quais estiveram sempre presentes no estágio realizado. Todo o trabalho desenvolvido e relatado neste documento teve sempre uma visão de melhoria contínua, uma vez que esta solução ainda se encontra em fase de implementação na PT Inovação. A situação de partida da empresa não contemplava um sistema que disponibilizasse informação de custeio sistematizada e integrada, principalmente de indicadores de desempenho relevantes ao nível das suas atividades, produtos e clientes. Este novo processo de custeio faz parte de um projeto global de reformulação de processos da PT Inovação, em curso. Neste âmbito, a situação agora desenvolvida tem ainda limitações importantes, tendo uma margem de evolução ainda considerável, de modo a apoiar eficazmente as pessoas que têm de tomar decisões de gestão. Para que isso aconteça, é essencial que a empresa conheça o custo de execução de diferentes atividades e gira adequadamente a sua cadeia de valor. Espera-se que o resultado da solução implementada constitua um passo neste sentido. No término deste estágio conclui-se que a implementação da solução de custeio vai ser uma “pedra fulcral” na empresa e na execução e acompanhamento da sua estratégia, podendo representar, se bem aproveitada, um ponto de viragem.
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Lala, Padmini. "AN 8-BIT 13.88 kS/s EXTENDED COUNTING ADC." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1564686278693053.
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