Journal articles: 'Aorta'

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Popov, V. V., and A. A. Bolshak. "Procedure of complex braided wrapping of ascending aorta in her poststenotic dilation while doing correction of aortal stenosis." Klinicheskaia khirurgiia 87, no. 9-10 (October 29, 2020): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26779/2522-1396.2020.9-10.18.

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Objective. To study clinical possibilities of original procedure of the ascending aorta braid-like bandage for her poststenotic dilation while performance of the aortal stenosis surgical correction. Materials and methods. To the main Group 196 patients were included those, who were operated on for prevailing aortal stenosis, conjoined with poststenotic dilation of ascending aorta. In accordance to the echocardiographic investigation data the ascending aorta diameter preoperatively have constituted (47.7 ± 1.7) mm. In all the patients the aortal valve prosthesis was performed together with complex braided wrapping of ascending aorta. Into the control group 121 patients were included, in whom Bentall intervention was accomplished with vascular prosthesis of ascending aorta. Results. Hospital lethality in the main group have constituted 0.5%. Diameter of ascending aorta in the moment of hospital discharge have constituted (39.1 ± 1.5) mm, and in late follow-up period - (40.3 ± 1.1) mm. Conclusion. Basing on clinical experience gained, it is expedient to recommend the original procedure of braided wrapping of ascending aorta in presence of her poststenotic dilation while performing surgical correction of prevailing aortal stenosis.

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Neves, Ana Augusta Gayoso, Alexandre Gayoso Neves Maia de Oliveira, Roberto Teodoro Beck, Ricardo Virginio dos Santos, Francisco Carlos Padilha Moreira, and Alexandre Campos Moraes Amato. "Tratamento endovascular de pseudoaneurisma de aorta torácica com fístula aorto-brônquica em pós-operatório tardio de cirurgia de correção de coarctação de aorta." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 10, no. 1 (March 2011): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-54492011000100012.

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Fístula aorto-brônquica é uma conexão entre a aorta e o brônquio, e mesmo quando imediatamente reconhecida e tratada possui alto risco de letalidade. Pode se desenvolver após cirurgias de aorta, e é geralmente uma consequência de pseudoaneurisma. A hemoptise, massiva ou intermitente, é o principal sintoma apresentado. O tratamento convencional da fístula aorto-brônquica é a cirurgia aberta de aorta torácica, com reconstrução traqueobrônquica. Recentemente, o reparo endovascular tem sido proposto como uma alternativa. Os autores apresentam um relato de tratamento endovascular, realizado com êxito, de pseudoaneurisma de aorta torácica com fístula aorto-brônquica 22 anos após cirurgia para correção de coarctação aórtica.

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Bennett, Damien, Diane Stewart, Deirdre Kearns, Adrian Mairs, and Peter Ellis. "Non-visualized aorta in abdominal aortic aneurysm screening: Screening outcomes and the influence of subject and programme characteristics." Journal of Medical Screening 24, no. 4 (January 11, 2017): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141316680833.

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Objectives To compare abdominal aortic aneurysm screening outcomes of men with non-visualized aorta at original scan with subsequent scans and to determine predictors of non-visualized aorta. Methods In the Northern Ireland Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm screening programme, outcomes (discharge, annual surveillance, three-monthly surveillance, or vascular referral) and patient and programme characteristics (age, deprivation quintile, family history, technician experience, and screening location) for men with non-visualized aorta were investigated at original scan, and first and second rescans. Results Non-visualized aorta proportions were 2.9, 11.4, and 4.7% at original, first, and second rescan, respectively. There were no differences in screening outcomes between scanning stages (98.4, 97.6, and 97.4% <3 cm). There were 42 men (0.13%) with aortas ≥5.5 cm at original scan, but none at first and second rescan. A significantly greater proportion with non-visualized aorta were from more deprived (5.0%) than less deprived areas (1.7%). Deprivation quintile and staff role were significant independent non-visualized aorta predictors at original scan, and staff role at first rescan. Men from less deprived areas were three times as likely to have aortas visualized than those from more deprived areas (OR = 3.0, CI = 2.4–3.8) at original scan. A man scanned by screening technician compared with lead sonographer was 51% less likely to have aorta visualized at original scan and 94% less likely at first rescan. Conclusions The risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm in men with non-visualized aorta on first or subsequent rescans is no more than for those with visualized aorta on original scanning. Men from deprived areas are much more likely to have non-visualized aorta at original scan.

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Pahuja, Kavita, and Amardeep Bissa. "Segmental Representation of Intimal Thickness in Ascending Aorta as Early Clinical Marker of Aging." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 9, no. 2.1 (April 15, 2021): 7955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2021.116.

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Background: Intimal thickness is the innermost layer of aorta; play a vital role in development of atherosclerotic changes. It may vary in the different parts of the aorta and may increase with age. Methods: 120 aortas of adult human forensic bodies were taken. Histological slides were formed and the thickness of different segments of aorta were measured microscopically. Data were statically analyzed using ANOVA, p test methods. Results and Discussion: There is no significant difference of Intimal thickness in different segments of ascending aorta though it significantly increase with age may be due to accumulation of medial SMCs into intima. Results agree with previous workers. Conclusion: No significant difference between different segments of ascending aorta and it increase with age showing the aging aorta and early sign of atherosclerotic changes. KEY WORDS: Aging, Intimal thickness, Age Groups, Smooth Muscle Cells, Medial thickness.

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Helin, Pekka, C. Garbarsch, G. Helin, and I. Lorenzen. "Vascular Injury Compared to Ageing of Normal Rabbit Aorta." Journal of Vascular Research 22, no. 2 (1985): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000158588.

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Male albino rabbits of the Danish country strain, 5 months of age, were divided into two groups. One group of animals was killed 180 days after a single mechanical dilatation injury of the thoracic aorta. A second group of untreated controls was killed at ages of 150, 165, 180, 210, 330, and 450 days. Glycosaminoglycans, uptake of 35S-sulphate, collagen, uptake of 125I-albumin, and vascular histochemistry and morphology were analyzed in the thoracic aorta. In the injured aortae the dry weight and the total amounts of hexosamine, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin-4,6-sulphate, dermatan sulphate, heparan sulphate, and hydroxyprohne were increased. The concentration of hyaluronic acid decreased, whereas the concentration of dermatan sulphate increased. The concentrations of chondroitin-4,6-sulphate and heparan sulphate were unchanged. The total uptake of 35S-sulphate into the sulphated proteoglycans as well as the uptake of 125I-albumin were increased. The light microscopical examination showed thickening of the intima, medial changes with fibrosis, accumulations of proteoglycans, calcifications, formation of cartilage, and ossified tissue with haematopoiesis. In the uninjured thoracic aorta the only significant change during ageing was an increase in the total amount of hyaluronic acid and a decrease of the 35S-sulphate incorporation into the chondroitin-4,6-sulphate in the aorta. No morphological or histochemical alterations were observed during ageing. Spontaneous lesions were observed in 2 out of 55 aortas. It may be concluded that injury and ageing are reflected quite differently in the thoracic aorta of the rabbits. The observations may be of relevance to the interpretation of the alterations in human arterial diseases involving processes of injury and repair as well as ageing.

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Harun, Andi L. A., Luthfi Attamimi, Nikmatia Latief, and Sri Asriyani. "Fistula Aorta - Atrium Kanan." Jurnal Biomedik:JBM 13, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/jbm.v13i3.33805.

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Abstract: Aortic - right atrial fistula is a channel of blood vessels originating from one of the valsalva sinuses and ending in the superior vena cava or right atrium. This fistula is an abnormal vascular connection that causes blood flow from the high-resistance aortic circuit to the low-resistance right atrium. We report a case of a 34-year-old male patient diagnosed with aortic - right atrial fistula with clinical manifestations of spasms since 1 month. The incidence of aortic - right atrial fistula is most common between the ages of 9 and 45 years. The cause of this condition appears to be an inherited deficiency / weakness of the elastic lamina in the aortic medium. Right aorto-atrial fistula has varied clinical manifestations such as acute pulmonary edema, chronic heart failure and can also be found incidentally. Cardiac MSCT with contrast shows the results of the aorta to right atrial fistula. This patient was treated with furosemide and aspilet treatment.Key words: Aortic - right atrial fistula, MSCT cardiac. Abstrak: Fistula aorta - atrium kanan adalah celah atau saluran pembuluh darah yang berasal dari salah satu sinus valsava dan berakhir di vena cava superior atau atrium kanan. Fistula ini merupakan koneksi vaskular abnormal yang menyebabkan aliran darah dari sirkuit aorta dengan resistensi tinggi ke atrium kanan dengan resistansi rendah. Kami melaporkan kasus pasien laki-laki berusia 34 tahun dengan diagnosis fistula aorta - atrium kanan dengan manifestasi klinis sesak sejak 1 bulan. Insiden fistula aorta - atrium kanan tersering pada usia antara 9 – 45 tahun. Penyebab kondisi ini tampaknya merupakan defisiensi / kelemahan bawaan lamina elastis di media aorta. Fistula aorto-atrium kanan memiliki manifestasi klinis bervariasi seperti edema paru akut, gagal jantung kronis dan dapat pula ditemukan secara insidental. Pada pemeriksaan MSCT cardiac dengan kontras mendapatkan hasil gambaran aorta to right atrial fistula. Pasien ini ditatalaksana dengan diberikan pengobatan furosemide dan aspilet.Kata kunci: Fistula aorta - atrium kanan, MSCT cardiac.

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Rhode, E. A., R. Elsner, T. M. Peterson, K. B. Campbell, and W. Spangler. "Pressure-volume characteristics of aortas of harbor and Weddell seals." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 251, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): R174—R180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1986.251.1.r174.

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The mechanical properties of the radially enlarged proximal segment of the aorta of diving marine mammals was studied on 15 excised aortas of harbor seals and five aortas of Weddell seals. This was done by recording static pressure-volume relationships for the whole thoracic aorta, the aortic bulb, and the descending thoracic aorta and passive length-tension measurements of aortic strips. Aortic bulb volume distensibility was found to be much greater than that of the descending thoracic aorta or of an equivalent aortic segment of terrestrial mammals. The consequences were that the total potential energy and volume that may be stored within the aortic bulb is very large, with a capacity for storage of the stroke work of more than two normal heart beats and a volume of more than three times normal stroke volume. The aortic bulb has an average radius and wall thickness twice that of the descending aorta, but at any level of distension the wall stress (g/cm2) is the same throughout. The static mechanical properties of aortic strips from the bulb and descending thoracic aortas were not markedly different, so that the differences in the pressure-volume relationships are explained by differences in geometry of the two sections. The expanded aortic bulb functions through energy and volume storage actions and through uncoupling actions to maintain arterial pressures and stroke volume at near predive levels during a dive.

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Tinker, D., J. Geller, N. Romero, C. E. Cross, and R. B. Rucker. "Tropoelastin production and tropoelastin messenger RNA activity. Relationship to copper and elastin cross-linking in chick aorta." Biochemical Journal 237, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2370017.

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The elastin content of the chick thoracic aorta increases 2--3-fold during the first 3 weeks post-hatching. The deposition of elastin requires the covalent cross-linking of tropoelastin by means of lysine-derived cross-links. This process is sensitive to dietary copper intake, since copper serves as cofactor for lysyl oxidase, the enzyme that catalyses the oxidative deamination of the lysine residues involved in cross-link formation. Disruption of cross-linking alters tissue concentrations of both elastin and tropoelastin and results in a net decrease in aortic elastin content. Autoregulation of tropoelastin synthesis by changes in the pool sizes of elastin or tropoelastin has been suggested as a possible mechanism for the diminished aortic elastin content. Consequently, dietary copper deficiency was induced to study the effect of impaired elastin cross-link formation on tropoelastin synthesis. Elastin in aortae from copper-deficient chicks was only two-thirds to one-half the amount measured in copper-supplemented chicks, whereas copper-deficient concentrations of tropoelastin in aorta were at least 5-fold higher than normal. In spite of these changes, however, increased amounts of tropoelastin, copper deficiency and decreased amounts of elastin did not influence the amounts of functional elastin mRNA in aorta. Likewise, the production of tropoelastin in aorta explants was the same whether the explants were taken from copper-sufficient or -deficient birds. The lower accumulation of elastin in aorta from copper-deficient chicks appeared to be due to extracellular proteolysis, rather than to a decrease in the rate of synthesis. Electrophoresis of aorta extracts, followed by immunological detection of tropoelastin-derived products, indicated degradation products in aortae from copper-deficient birds. In extracts of aortae from copper-sufficient chicks, tropoelastin was not degraded and appeared to be incorporated into elastin without further proteolytic processing.

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Khan, Aasim, and Thodur Vasudevan. "Hybrid technique for the management of thoracoabdominal aortic thrombosis and symptomatic Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus “C” aorto-iliac disease." Vascular 26, no. 3 (October 12, 2017): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1708538117718645.

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Objective Thrombotic disease of the thoracic and abdominal aorta co-existing with aorto-iliac disease is a rare clinical association, which poses a great therapeutic challenge and adds to the complexity of the open surgical repair. Method We describe a case of 53-year-old woman with symptomatic thrombus in the thoracic and abdominal aorta down to the aortic bifurcation, which was successfully treated by Thoracic EndoVascular Aortic Repair via the left subclavian artery, open thrombectomy and aorto-iliac bypass. Result Completion angiogram performed through the axillary cannula showed good flow in the aorta, visceral vessels and iliac arteries. Conclusion This hybrid technical approach was a safe and effective strategy to tackle diffuse aortic thrombus with minimal morbidity and visceral embolization. Simultaneous aorto bi iliac bypass with thoracic endovascular aortic repair is a viable approach that can be undertaken with lesser morbidity and mortality risk as compared to complex and highly stressful total open surgical repair.

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BENLİ, Onur. "Akut Aortik Sendroma Genel Bakış." Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi 33, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1246236.

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Akut aortik sendrom ; aort diseksiyonu , intramural hematom , semptomatik penetre aortik ülseri içine alan bir kavramdır. Ancak bu üç patoloji ilerleyişine göre torakal aort anevrizması ve travmatik aort rüptürünü de içine alarak geniş bir terminoloji grubunu oluşturur. Aort diseksiyonu en sık görülen tipidir. Tip A aort diseksiyonunda acil cerrahi gerekir iken, Tip B de endovascular tedavi gerekir. İntramural hematom, intimal flep olmadan aort duvarı hematomu olarak tanımlanmıştır. Rüptüre aorta , aort diseksiyonuna, anevrizma veya psödoanevrizmaya ilerleyebildiği gibi tam rezolüsyon da gösterebilir. Cerrahi ve prognostik olarak tutulan aort segmentine göre proksimal ( A tipi ) ve distal ( B tipi ) Akut Aortik Sendrom olarak ayrılabilir. A tipi İntramural hematomlarda çoğu olguda cerrahi tedavi önerilebilir. Desendan aortta lokalize İntramural hematomlarda cerrahi ve medikal tedavi ile yaşam süresinde genellikle fark bulunmamıştır. Penetran aortik ülser ise; internal elastik laminayı delerek media tabakasına ilerleyen aterosklerotik lezyonun ülserasyonunu tanımlar. Bu hastalarda klinik ilerleme olmayabilir. Travmatik aort rüptürü veya transeksiyon yine erken girişim gerektiren aort lezyonlarıdır. Tedavi yöntemleri, cerrahi ya da endovasküler girişimler hastaların klinik durumlarına göre ayarlanabilir.

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Zhu, Guanglang, Huiying Sun, Jiannan Wang, Zhiqing Zhao, Junmin Bao, Rui Feng, Jian Zhou, and Zaiping Jing. "In Vivo Detection and Measurement of Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection in Mouse Models Using Microcomputed Tomography with Contrast Agent." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2019 (March 6, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5940301.

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Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) using the intravascular contrast agent ExiTron nano 12000 for aorta imaging and monitoring the dynamic changing process of the aorta in mouse models with aortic aneurysm and dissection. Materials and Methods. Experiments were performed on healthy mice and mice with aortic dissection. Mice that were developing aortic dissection and healthy mice underwent micro-CT imaging after injection of ExiTron nano 12000. Time-dependent signal enhancement (at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 hours after intravenous injection of the contrast agent, respectively) in the aorta of healthy mice was measured to confirm the optimal imaging time of aorta. Various contrast agent doses (70, 100, and 150 μl per 25 g mouse, respectively) were investigated to determine the optimal required dose for imaging of the aorta. The mice were scanned with micro-CT at 1, 14, and 28 days after onset of aneurysm and dissection to monitor the dynamic changing process of the aorta. Mouse aortas were stained with hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the diameter of the aorta was measured and compared with those obtained by micro-CT. Results. Time-dependent signal enhancement in the aorta shows that the contrast agent has a long blood half-life of 6 hours, with a peak enhancement at 2 hours after injection. Injection of 100 μl ExiTron nano 12000 per 25 g mouse allows for effective visualization of the aorta. Micro-CT combined with contrast agent can monitor the changing process of the aorta in the mouse model of aortic aneurysm and dissection dynamically. The values of the diameter of the aortas obtained from the in vivo micro-CT imaging were compared with those obtained from histology and showed a significant correlation (R2 = 0.96). Conclusions. These data demonstrate that in vivo micro-CT is an accurate and feasible technique to detect aortic aneurysm or dissection in a mouse model, and the micro-CT technique using the innovative contrast agent ExiTron nano 12000 allows for monitoring various processes dynamically such as aortic remodeling in longitudinal studies.

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Guo, X., Y. Kono, R. Mattrey, and G. S. Kassab. "Morphometry and strain distribution of the C57BL/6 mouse aorta." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 283, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): H1829—H1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00224.2002.

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The goal of the present study was to obtain a systematic set of data along the length of the mouse aorta to study variations of morphometry (diameter, wall thickness, and curvature), strain, and stress of the mouse aorta. Five mice were imaged with a 13-MHz ultrasound probe to determine the in vivo diameter along the aorta. A cast was made of these aortas to validate the ultrasonic diameter measurements. The root mean squared and systematic errors for these measurements were 12.6% and 6.4% of the mean ultrasound diameter, respectively. The longitudinal variations of geometry, stress, and strain from the aortic valve to the common iliac bifurcation were documented. Our results show that the residual circumferential strain leads to a uniformity of transmural strain of the aorta in the loaded state along the entire length of the aorta. Furthermore, we validated the incompressibility condition along the length of the aorta. These data of normal mice will serve as a reference state for the study of disease in future knockout models.

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Tan, Sovira, Abhijit Dasgupta, John A. Flynn, and Michael M. Ward. "Aortic-vertebral interaction in ankylosing spondylitis: syndesmophyte development at the juxta-aortic vertebral rim." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 78, no. 7 (April 6, 2019): 922–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214675.

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ObjectivesThe aorta inhibits paravertebral ossification in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. We investigated if syndesmophytes in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) occurred less often at the vertebral rim near the aorta.MethodsWe performed thoracolumbar CT scans in 60 subjects in this cross-sectional study. The mid-thoracic spine was also scanned in 22 subjects. We divided the rim of each intervertebral disc space (IDS) into 72 angular sectors, each of 5°. We computed syndesmophyte height in each sector, and the distance from the sector to the aorta. We evaluated if syndesmophyte size or frequency in a sector was associated with its distance from the aorta.ResultsIn the 180° region of the vertebral rim centered on the sector closest to the aorta, syndesmophyte height and/or frequency varied with the distance of the sector to the aorta, with the lowest frequency and smallest mean syndesmophyte height at the sector along the rim nearest the aorta. Additionally, syndesmophytes were less common in subjects and at IDSs where the aorta was anatomically closer to the vertebra. No syndesmophytes were present in the sector closest to the aorta in subjects whose aorta-vertebral distance was less than 2 mm, but syndesmophytes were progressively more common among subjects whose aortas lay further from the rim.ConclusionsSyndesmophytes occurred less commonly and were smaller at the thoracolumbar vertebral rim near the aorta. These findings suggest that mechanical factors extrinsic to the spine and not solely vertebral inflammation, influence syndesmophyte development in AS.

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Moore, J. E., D. N. Ku, C. K. Zarins, and S. Glagov. "Pulsatile Flow Visualization in the Abdominal Aorta Under Differing Physiologic Conditions: Implications for Increased Susceptibility to Atherosclerosis." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 114, no. 3 (August 1, 1992): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2891400.

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The infrarenal abdominal aorta is a common site for clinically significant atherosclerosis. As has been shown in other susceptible locations, vessel geometry, flow division rates, and pulsatility may result in hemodynamic conditions which influence the preferential localization of disease in the abdominal aorta segment. Pulsatile flow visualization was performed in a glass model of the aorta constructed from measurements of angiograms and cadaver aortas. Flow rates and pulsatile waveforms were varied to reflect typical physiological conditions. Under normal resting conditions, the flow patterns in the infrarenal aorta were more complex than those in the suprarenal location. Time varying vortex patterns appeared at the level of the renal arteries and propagated through the infrarenal aorta into the common iliac arteries. A region of oscillating velocity direction extended from the renal arteries to the aortic bifurcation along the posterior wall. Dye became trapped along the posterior wall, requiring several cardiac cycles for clearance. In contrast, there was rapid clearance of the dye in the anterior aorta. Under postprandial conditions, the flow patterns in the aorta were basically unchanged. Simulated exercise conditions created laminar hemodynamic features very different from the resting conditions, including a decrease in dye residence time. This study reveals significant timedependent variations in the hemodynamics of the abdominal aorta under differing physiologic conditions. Hemodynamic factors such as low wall shear stress, oscillating shear direction, and high particle residence time may be related to the clinically seen preferential plaque localization in the infrarenal aorta.

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Galkina, Elena, Alexandra Kadl, John Sanders, Danielle Varughese, Ian J. Sarembock, and Klaus Ley. "Lymphocyte recruitment into the aortic wall before and during development of atherosclerosis is partially L-selectin dependent." Journal of Experimental Medicine 203, no. 5 (May 8, 2006): 1273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20052205.

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Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of large arteries. Flow cytometry of aortic cell suspensions showed that B and T lymphocytes and some macrophages and dendritic cells are already present in the adventitia of normal/noninflamed mouse aortas. Adoptively transferred lymphocytes constitutively homed to the aorta and resided within the adventitia up to 7 d after transfer. Lymphocyte trafficking into normal/noninflamed or atherosclerosis-prone aortas was partially L-selectin dependent. Antigen-activated dendritic cells induced increased T lymphocyte proliferation within the aorta 72 h after adoptive transfer. During progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein-E–deficient mice, the total number of macrophages, T cells, and dendritic cells, but not B cells, increased significantly. This alteration in immune cell composition was accompanied by the formation of tertiary lymphoid tissue in the adventitia of atherosclerotic aortas. These results demonstrate that lymphocytes already reside within the normal/noninflamed aorta before the onset atherosclerosis as a consequence of constitutive trafficking. Atherosclerosis induces the recruitment of macrophages and dendritic cells that support antigen presentation.

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Fusco, Pedro E. B., Hélio L. T. Marino, Silvia R. Bottini Natal, Liliana S. S. Ducatti, Renato S. Poggetti, Paulo Kauffman, Pedro Puech-Leão, and Dario Birolini. "Enxerto aorto-femoral por via laparoscópica: modelo experimental." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 4, no. 4 (2005): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-54492005000400018.

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OBJETIVO: Verificar a exeqüibilidade de enxerto aorto-femoral por via laparoscópica. MÉTODO: Operamos porco de 75 kg sob anestesia geral. Empregando a técnica do avental (apron) de Dion, expusemos a aorta por laparoscopia. Brevemente, em decúbito dorsal horizontal, dissecamos um "avental" do peritônio parietal esquerdo. A dissecção prosseguiu com rotação medial do cólon esquerdo. O avental, posteriormente fixo à linha mediana, serviu de anteparo às alças intestinais. Pinçamos a aorta e realizamos enxerto aorto-femoral com o tempo abdominal totalmente laparoscópico. RESULTADO: O enxerto foi realizado com sucesso, e o fluxo sangüíneo na prótese foi demonstrado através da incisão femoral. CONCLUSÃO: O enxerto aorto-femoral experimental laparoscópico é exeqüível através da exposição com a técnica do avental.

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Al Rstum, Zain, Akiko Tanaka, Hazim J. Safi, and Anthony L. Estrera. "Extra-anatomical ascending-thoraco-abdominal bypass for aortic fistula after thoracic endovascular aortic repair." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 56, no. 6 (May 18, 2019): 1199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezz141.

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Abstract Aortobronchial and aorto-oesophageal fistulae after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for traumatic aortic injuries are rare but serious. Potentially fatal complications may occur years after the stent graft deployment. Surgical management is challenging. We report on a 33-year-old male with aorto-oesophageal fistula and a 25-year-old male with aortobronchial fistula—both of whom received TEVAR for traumatic aortic injury. Each underwent successful staged open surgical repair with extra-anatomical bypass from the ascending aorta to the thoraco-abdominal aorta, along with arch vessel reconstructions and debridement of infected lesions. They remained alive after 18 months.

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Jayakody, R. L., M. P. J. Senaratne, A. B. R. Thomson, and C. T. Kappagoda. "Cholesterol feeding impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation of rabbit aorta." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 63, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 1206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y85-199.

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Experiments were designed to assess the effect of cholesterol feeding on the endothelium-mediated relaxation of the rabbit aorta to acetylcholine. Age-matched male New Zealand white rabbits were fed either a 2% cholesterol diet or standard rabbit chow. The animals were anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone and sacrificed after 4 and 8 weeks on these diets. Rings were prepared from the proximal thoracic aorta and examined in tissue baths. These rings were contracted first with norepinephrine (−6 log mol/L) and acetylcholine was added to demonstrate the endothelium-mediated relaxation. The endothelium-dependent relaxation was significantly less in aortas from rabbits fed the 2% cholesterol diet than in aortas from animals fed the conventional diet. This impairment of relaxation was apparent after both 4 and 8 weeks of cholesterol feeding. In both groups of animals no relaxation was seen in rings from which the endothelium was removed. These results show that cholesterol feeding leads to an impairment of endothelium-mediated relaxation of the rabbit aorta to acetylcholine.

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Sharma, S., M. Rajani, T. Kamalakar, K. K. Talwar, and K. R. Sunderam. "Clinical and Angiographic Features of Nonspecific Aorto-Arteritis in Children and Adults." Acta Radiologica 32, no. 6 (November 1991): 485–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519103200609.

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We compared clinical and angiographic features of nonspecific aorto-arteritis in children with those of adult patients. Digital subtraction angiography by i.v. and/or i.a. injection was carried out in 104 patients. In group 1, consisting of 32 patients aged 16 years and younger, hypertension (75%) was the most common clinical feature, followed by diminished pulse, bruit (72% each), congestive cardiac failure (38%), and limb claudication (13%). Obstructing arterial lesions were always present and commonly involved the abdominal aorta (75%), descending thoracic aorta (41%), renal (63%) and subclavian (41%)) arteries. In Group 2, consisting of 72 patients more than 16 years of age, arterial bruit (91%), and diminished pulse (82%) were the most common symptoms. Hypertension occurred in 61%, congestive failure in 14%, and limb claudication in 30%. Obstructing lesions were always seen and commonly involved the abdominal aorta (77%) and renal arteries (64%). Involvement of the descending thoracic aorta (26%) was less common but subclavian (57%) and carotid (24%) arteries were more commonly involved than in group 1. Arterial aneurysms and pulmonary involvement were uncommon in both groups. There were some clinical and angiographic differences in nonspecific aorto-arteritis between children and adults but these were statistically insignificant (chi-square test).

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Silswal, Neerupma, Nikhil K. Parelkar, Michael J. Wacker, Mostafa Badr, and Jon Andresen. "PPARα-Independent Arterial Smooth Muscle Relaxant Effects of PPARαAgonists." PPAR Research 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/302495.

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We sought to determine direct vascular effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonists using isolated mouse aortas and middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). The PPARαagonists GW7647, WY14643, and gemfibrozil acutely relaxed aortas held under isometric tension and dilated pressurized MCAs with the following order of potency: GW7647≫WY14643>gemfibrozil. Responses were endothelium-independent, and the use of PPARαdeficient mice demonstrated that responses were also PPARα-independent. Pretreating arteries with high extracellular K+attenuated PPARαagonist-mediated relaxations in the aorta, but not in the MCA. In the aorta, the ATP sensitive potassium (KATP) channel blocker glibenclamide also impaired relaxations whereas the other K+channel inhibitors, 4-aminopyridine and Iberiotoxin, had no effect. In aortas, GW7647 and WY14643 elevated cGMP levels by stimulating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), and inhibition of sGC with ODQ blunted relaxations to PPARαagonists. In the MCA, dilations were inhibited by the protein kinase C (PKC) activator, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, and also by ODQ. Our results demonstrated acute, nonreceptor-mediated relaxant effects of PPARαagonists on smooth muscle of mouse arteries. Responses to PPARαagonists in the aorta involvedKATPchannels and sGC, whereas in the MCA the PKC and sGC pathways also appeared to contribute to the response.

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Komutrattananont, Pornhatai, Treerat Gumpangseth, Parison Palee, Sukon Prasitwattanaseree, Norzana Abd Ghafar, Chaturong Kanchai, and Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh. "Age Estimation using Aorta Image Analysis in the Thai Population." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5002-13.

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The current technology used in imaging has an increasing role in medical education. The concept of using an image analysis programme to help in estimating the age of the aorta, the largest artery, can be clearly seen to be of use, especially in establishing age changes for the identification of individuals. The purposes of the study were to investigate gross morphology, morphometric parameters, and the correlation between parameters with age of the aorta in human cadavers by using an image analysis programme. A total of 244 specimens were dissected from 4 locations of 61 human aortas from donour and autopsy cadavers with an age range of 20 to 90 years. The morphometric parameters included outer circumference, inner circumference, aortic diameter, and average thickness of all locations of the aorta. These were defined and measured by using the image analysis programme. The results of this study showed that the outer circumference (r=0.808-0.739), inner circumference (r=0.763-0.682), vertical diameter of the aorta (r=0.628-0.524) and horizontal diameter of the aorta (r=0.808-0.396) showed a significant correlation with age in all areas of the aorta. In the ascending aorta, the correlation between the outer circumference, horizontal diameter and age were higher than other variables and areas. The age equation established pertinent to the outer circumference (OC) in the ascending aorta was age = -61.648+ (1.141(OC)) with a standard error of ± 12.45 years. The age prediction equation for the horizontal diameter (HD) in the ascending aorta was age = -35.799+ (4.134(HD)) and a standard error of ± 12.43 years. In conclusion, knowledge of the structural changes associated with age can be used for age estimation in forensic anthropology.

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Lalli, M. Jane, Shunichi Shimizu, Roy L. Sutliff, Evangelia G. Kranias, and Richard J. Paul. "[Ca2+]ihomeostasis and cyclic nucleotide relaxation in aorta of phospholamban-deficient mice." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 277, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): H963—H970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1999.277.3.h963.

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Phospholamban (PLB), a protein localized in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), inhibits the SR Ca2+-ATPase; phosphorylation of PLB relieves this inhibition. We previously reported significant differences in contractility in aorta from mice in which the gene for PLB was ablated (PLB−). In this study, we measured intracellular Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i) with fura 2 in the intact mouse aorta to more directly test the hypothesis that these changes are ascribable to altered SR function in vivo. Ten micromoles per liter of the α-agonist phenylephrine (PE) increased [Ca2+]imonotonically to a steady state in the wild-type aorta. In contrast, in PLB− aorta there was an initial rapid increase to a peak [Ca2+]i, which then decreased to a steady state that was lower than that in the wild type. Upon removal of the stimulus (either PE or KCl), the decrease in [Ca2+]iwas two times as fast in the PLB− as in the wild-type aorta. There were no significant differences between PLB− and wild-type aortas in the concentration vs. force relations or the time courses of relaxation in response to forskolin or sodium nitroprusside. Interestingly, stimulation of the cAMP pathway before cGMP pathway activation resulted in a significant increase in sensitivity and a difference in relaxation parameters between PLB− and wild-type aortas. Western blot analysis indicated that the PLB-to-sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase ratio in the mouse aorta was similar to that in the heart; 20-fold more aortic than heart homogenate was required to achieve a similar level of immunoreactivity. Our data indicate that PLB can play a major role in modulating smooth muscle [Ca2+]ibut only a minor role, if any, in cyclic nucleotide-mediated relaxation.

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Ghorbani, Niky, Vivek Muthurangu, Abbas Khushnood, Leonid Goubergrits, Sarah Nordmeyer, Joao Filipe Fernandes, Chong-Bin Lee, et al. "Impact of valve morphology, hypertension and age on aortic wall properties in patients with coarctation: a two-centre cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 10, no. 3 (March 2020): e034853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034853.

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ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the combined effects of arterial hypertension, bicuspid aortic valve disease (BAVD) and age on the distensibility of the ascending and descending aortas in patients with aortic coarctation.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted at two university medical centres, located in Berlin and London.ParticipantsA total of 121 patients with aortic coarctation (ages 1–71 years) underwent cardiac MRI, echocardiography and blood pressure measurements.Outcome measuresCross-sectional diameters of the ascending and descending aortas were assessed to compute aortic area distensibility. Findings were compared with age-specific reference values. The study complied with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement and reporting guidelines.ResultsImpaired distensibility (below fifth percentile) was seen in 37% of all patients with coarctation in the ascending aorta and in 43% in the descending aorta. BAVD (43%) and arterial hypertension (72%) were present across all ages. In patients >10 years distensibility impairment of the ascending aorta was predominantly associated with BAVD (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.33 to 7.22, p=0.009). Distensibility impairment of the descending aorta was predominantly associated with arterial hypertension (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.08 to 7.2, p=0.033) and was most pronounced in patients with uncontrolled hypertension despite antihypertensive treatment.ConclusionFrom early adolescence on, both arterial hypertension and BAVD have a major impact on aortic distensibility. Their specific effects differ in strength and localisation (descending vs ascending aorta). Moreover, adequate blood pressure control is associated with improved distensibility. These findings could contribute to the understanding of cardiovascular complications and the management of patients with aortic coarctation.

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Gonzalez Soler, Juan Jose, Jorge Cañaveral Londoño, and Maria del Mar Suarez Gago. "Aneurisma de aorta abdominal y fistula aorto-cava." Galicia Clínica 73, no. 1 (2012): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22546/16/260.

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Sener, Erol, Aslihan Kucuker, Huseyin Bayram, Kadir Kurt, Emrah Uguz, and Muhammed Fethi Saglam. "Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm and Coarctation of Aorta in a Woman at Early Postpartum Period." Case Reports in Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/731596.

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Coarctation of aorta and sinus of Valsalva aneurysm are frequently missed congenital cardiac defects that their diagnosis might be delayed. To our knowledge, coincidence of these cardiac defects is unusual and has not been reported in the literature before. Here, we present a patient with coarctation of aorta and ruptured noncoronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm leading to aorto-right atrial fistula in the early postpartum period and our management of this unusual case.

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Niwa, Koichiro. "Landmark lecture: Perloff lecture: Tribute to Professor Joseph Kayle Perloff and lessons learned from him: aortopathy in adults with CHD." Cardiology in the Young 27, no. 10 (December 2017): 1959–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951117002116.

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AbstractMarfan syndrome, bicuspid aortic valve, and/or coarctation of the aorta are associated with medial abnormalities of the ascending aortic or para-coarctation aorta. Medial abnormalities in the ascending aorta are prevalent in other type of patients with a variety of CHDs such as single ventricle, persistent truncus arteriosus, transposition of the great arteries, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and tetralogy of Fallot, encompassing a wide age range and may predispose to dilatation, aneurysm, and rapture necessitating aortic valve and root surgery. These CHDs exhibit ongoing dilatation of the aortic root and reduced aortic elasticity and increased aortic stiffness that may relate to intrinsic properties of the aortic root. These aortic dilatation and increased stiffness can induce aortic aneurysm, rapture of the aorta, and aortic regurgitation, but also provoke left ventricular hypertrophy, reduced coronary artery flow, and left ventricular failure. Therefore, a new clinical entity can be used to call this association of aortic pathophysiological abnormality, aortic dilation, and aorto-left ventricular interaction – “aortopathy”.

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Ferreira, André Ventura, Vanessa Prado dos Santos, and Roberto Augusto Caffaro. "Estenose carotídea acima de 70% em pacientes no pré-operatório de cirurgia da aorta abdominal: freqüência e fatores de risco." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 5, no. 1 (March 2006): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-54492006000100004.

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OBJETIVO: Analisar a freqüência e os fatores de risco associados à estenose carotídea acima de 70% em pacientes que serão submetidos a cirurgias de aorta abdominal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram analisados 94 pacientes que realizaram ultra-som Doppler de carótidas no pré-operatório de cirurgias de aorta abdominal entre janeiro de 2000 e janeiro de 2003, pela disciplina de Cirurgia Vascular da Santa Casa de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: Sessenta e sete pacientes (71%) eram homens. Dentre os 94 pacientes, 42 (44,6%) tinham doença oclusiva aorto-ilíaca, e 52 (53,4%), aneurismas da aorta abdominal (AAA). A análise dos dados mostrou uma prevalência de estenose de carótidas acima de 70% em 8,33% dos pacientes com AAA e em 13,51% dos pacientes com doença oclusiva aorto-ilíaca, diferença esta sem significância estatística (P = 0,5). Nos pacientes que apresentavam antecedente de isquemia cerebral - acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) ou ataque isquêmico transitório (AIT) -, houve uma prevalência estatisticamente maior de estenose carotídea entre 70 e 99%. Outros fatores de risco para aterosclerose, como sexo masculino, diabetes, hipertensão arterial e tabagismo, não foram preditivos da presença de estenose carotídea acima de 70%. CONCLUSÃO: A freqüência de estenose da carótida acima de 70% em pacientes no pré-operatório de cirurgia de aorta foi de 9,57%, e a presença de antecedente de AVC ou AIT na história foi preditiva de estenose acima de 70% neste grupo de pacientes.

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Pisano, Calogera, Sonia Terriaca, Maria Giovanna Scioli, Paolo Nardi, Claudia Altieri, Augusto Orlandi, Giovanni Ruvolo, and Carmela Rita Balistreri. "The Endothelial Transcription Factor ERG Mediates a Differential Role in the Aneurysmatic Ascending Aorta with Bicuspid or Tricuspid Aorta Valve: A Preliminary Study." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 10848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810848.

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The pathobiology of ascending aorta aneurysms (AAA) onset and progression is not well understood and only partially characterized. AAA are also complicated in case of bicuspid aorta valve (BAV) anatomy. There is emerging evidence about the crucial role of endothelium-related pathways, which show in AAA an altered expression and function. Here, we examined the involvement of ERG-related pathways in the differential progression of disease in aortic tissues from patients having a BAV or tricuspid aorta valve (TAV) with or without AAA. Our findings identified ERG as a novel endothelial-specific regulator of TGF-β-SMAD, Notch, and NO pathways, by modulating a differential fibrotic or calcified AAA progression in BAV and TAV aortas. We provided evidence that calcification is correlated to different ERG expression (as gene and protein), which appears to be under control of Notch signaling. The latter, when increased, associated with an early calcification in aortas with BAV valve and aneurysmatic, was demonstrated to favor the progression versus severe complications, i.e., dissection or rupture. In TAV aneurysmatic aortas, ERG appeared to modulate fibrosis. Therefore, we proposed that ERG may represent a sensitive tissue biomarker to monitor AAA progression and a target to develop therapeutic strategies and influence surgical procedures.

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Tesfamariam, B., and R. A. Cohen. "Free radicals mediate endothelial cell dysfunction caused by elevated glucose." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 263, no. 2 (August 1, 1992): H321—H326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.263.2.h321.

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Impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation occurs in diabetic rabbit aorta and normal aorta exposed to elevated concentrations of glucose and is prevented by cyclooxygenase inhibitors. The role of free radicals in the endothelial cell impairment was examined with free radical scavengers and in aortas from rabbits fed with probucol (1% wt/wt, a lipid-soluble antioxidant). Rings of aorta suspended for measurement of isometric tension were incubated for 6 h in control (5.5 mM) or elevated (44 mM) glucose. Impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine caused by exposure to elevated glucose was prevented by superoxide dismutase, catalase, deferoxamine, or allopurinol and did not occur in aortas from probucol-fed rabbits. Similarly, impairment of acetylcholine relaxations in aortas from alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits was restored to normal by superoxide dismutase. Oxygen-derived free radicals generated by xanthine oxidase also caused impaired acetylcholine relaxations. Exposure of aortic segments to elevated glucose or to xanthine oxidase caused a significant increase in release of immunoreactive prostanoids. These data indicate that the endothelial cell dysfunction caused by elevated glucose is mediated by free radicals that are likely generated through the increased cyclooxygenase catalysis occurring in the endothelium. Treatment with antioxidants protects against impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations caused by elevated glucose.

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Noh, Daji, Hyunguk Shin, Sooyoung Choi, Hojung Choi, Youngwon Lee, and Kija Lee. "Echocardiographic diagnosis of aorto-left ventricular tunnel with supravalvular pulmonic stenosis in a Shih-tzu dog." Open Veterinary Journal 13, no. 2 (2023): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i2.14.

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Background: The aorto-left ventricular tunnel (ALVT) is a congenital extracardiac channel that connects the ascending aorta to the left ventricle. Case Description: A 2-year-old Shih-tzu dog presented with mild exercise intolerance. Echocardiography revealed an abnormal slit-like tunnel structure connecting the ascending aorta to the left ventricle, with diastolic blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle. Echogenic membranous stenosis was observed in the main pulmonary artery. Based on these findings, the dog was diagnosed with ALVT and type I supravalvular pulmonic stenosis. Conclusion: This is the first case report of ALVT in veterinary medicine that describes diagnostic imaging findings. ALVT should be considered in dogs with an aortic regurgitation murmur and can be detected by echocardiography.

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LI, Jie, and Klaus Ley. "The role of CCL5 in T cell recruitment to the aorta (HUM1P.303)." Journal of Immunology 192, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2014): 52.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.52.3.

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Abstract T cell adaptive immunity is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Previously our lab found that APCs present antigens to effector T cells (Teff). This causes local T cell activation and cytokine production, which sustain local inflammation. However, the chemokine(s) that drive T cell homing to the atherosclerotic aorta are not known. By multi-color flow cytometry to analyze chemokine receptor expression on T cells from Apoe-/- aorta, we found that more than 40% of CD4 T cells in Apoe-/- aorta express CCR5. Notably, >80% of the CCR5+ T cells in the plaques are IFN-γ+Foxp3+ Tregs. This is a unique CD4 T cell subset in atherosclerosis. They are found only in the aorta and para-aortic lymph nodes of Apoe-/- mice but not in the spleen or other organs, suggesting that the generation of the Th1-like Tregs is associated with local antigen presentation. To test my hypothesis that CCR5 and its ligand CCL5 play an important role in Teff recruitment to the aorta, Teff cells from CD45.1Apoe-/- mice were incubated with explanted Apoe-/- aortas with media alone, CCL5 or CCR5 neutralizing antibody. The CCL5 and CCR5 neutralizing antibody significantly decreased the number of T cells infiltrating into the aorta (53% and 70% respectively vs. media alone). The result is also confirmed by in vivo adoptive transfer experiment using leukocytes from CCR5-/-Apoe-/-mice. CCR5-deficient CD4 T cells displayed dramatic decrease in homing to the aorta compared to the CCR5 competent T cells.

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Pumacayo-Cárdenas, Susan, Moises Jimenez-Santos, and Edgar Quea-Pinto. "Anomalous origin of right pulmonary artery: diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up in an adult patient." Cardiology in the Young 30, no. 8 (July 6, 2020): 1199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951120001729.

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AbstractAnomalous origin of a branch pulmonary artery from the aorta is a rare malformation, accounting for 0.12% of all congenital heart defects. We present the case of a 43-year-old man with an anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery (AORPA) from the ascending aorta. Reimplantation of the right pulmonary artery was carried out successfully, with favourable evolution in the medium-term follow-up. It is the first described case that receives corrective treatment in adulthood with a favourable evolution.

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Sarkar, Achyut K., Naveenchandra G. Sanjeeva, and Nagesh S. Waghmare. "Association of congenital descending aorto–left atrial fistula with the aortopulmonary window and atrial septal defect." Cardiology in the Young 24, no. 1 (February 7, 2013): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951112002156.

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AbstractWe report a case of fistula between the descending aorta and the left atrium with associated aortopulmonary window and secundum atrial septal defect. No previous reports of such association have been found in the literature. A 5-month-old infant presented with heart failure from the age of 2 weeks. Echocardiography confirmed the presence of an aorto–left atrial fistula, aortopulmonary window, and atrial septal defect. The diagnosis was additionally supported by computed tomography. The entity aorto–left atrial fistula is rare. It is mostly acquired and usually between the ascending aorta and the right atrium or right ventricle or left ventricle. We do not know about all the associated anomalies, which have implications in management. There is a case report of ascending aorto–left atrial fistula associated with bicuspid aortic valve and anomalous origin of coronaries. Here we are reporting a case of descending aorto–left atrial fistula associated with aortopulmonary window.

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Kolcz, Jacek, Katarzyna Januszewska, and Edward Malec. "Successful repair of aorto-left ventricular tunnel diagnosed prenatally." Cardiology in the Young 15, no. 2 (March 2005): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951105000430.

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Aorto-left ventricular tunnels are anomalous communications between the ascending aorta and the left ventricle. Prenatal diagnosis, followed by successful surgical management, is rare. We describe a fetus diagnosed with aorto-left ventricular tunnel at 35 weeks who achieved a favourable outcome after immediate postnatal surgical repair.

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Lim, Sean-Tee J. M., Stephen Murphy, Said Atyani, and Michael Anthony Moloney. "Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for a Ruptured Mycotic Aortic Pseudoaneurysm Secondary to Esophageal Carcinoma." Case Reports in Vascular Medicine 2022 (January 6, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5489653.

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A 47-year-old female presented to the emergency department with new episodes of hematemesis. She had a background of unresectable T4b + N1 + M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Contrast CT thoracic aorta diagnosed a ruptured mycotic aortic pseudoaneurysm of the descending aorta, forming a life threating aorto-esophageal fistula secondary to neoplasm. Due to the high risk of fatal haemorrhage, she underwent successful emergency thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Mycotic aortic pseudoaneurysms are a rare and often fatal complication of esophageal carcinomas. They represent a small subsection of aorto-esophageal fistulas. Early diagnosis with cross sectional imaging and vascular control of the sentinel bleed is essential for survival. TEVAR may be used as a bridge to palliative treatment in the case of unresectable esophageal carcinoma.

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Fu, Congrui, Na Li, Yujia Yuan, Ri Wang, Jinting Chen, Jing Yang, Zan Guo, et al. "Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia provides vascular protection in the aorta of the 2-kidney, 1-clip rat model of hypertension." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 96, no. 8 (August 2018): 807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2017-0356.

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Many studies have demonstrated that chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) can reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats and renovascular hypertensive (RVH) rats in which endothelial dysfunction is determined as a critical factor. However, whether CIHH can regulate vasodilation of the aorta in RVH rats remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CIHH on impaired relaxation of the aorta in the 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) RVH rat model. The results showed CIHH improved the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation in the 2K1C rat aorta. The endothelial dysfunction was prevented by the p38 antagonist SB203580, but not by the ERK1/2 antagonist PD98059 or JNK antagonist SP600125. Furthermore, the expression of p-eNOS, HIF-1α, and HIF-2α increased while that of p-p38 and BMP-4 decreased in CIHH-treated aortas from 2K1C rats. Finally, the p-eNOS expression was upregulated and the p-p38 expression was downregulated by pre-incubation of SB203580 or the BMP-4 antagonist Noggin with the aorta. CIHH ameliorated the impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation through upregulating the expression of p-eNOS, which may be mediated by the inhibition of BMP-4/p-p38 MAPK, and upregulating the expression of HIFs in the 2K1C rat aorta.

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Samokhvalova, Tamara V., Yuri A. Kim, Antonia F. Korystova, Ludmila N. Kublik, Vera V. Shaposhnikova, and Yuri N. Korystov. "(+)-Catechin Stereoisomer and Gallate Induce Oxidative Stress in Rat Aorta." Molecules 27, no. 11 (May 24, 2022): 3379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113379.

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The goal of the work was to study changes in the activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the aorta of rats after the intraperitoneal injection of stereoisomers of catechin and gallate. The activity of ACE in the aorta sections was determined by measuring the hydrolysis of hippuryl-l-histidyl-l-leucine. The production of ROS in the aorta sections was estimated from the oxidation of dichlorodihydrofluorescein. The time and dose dependences of the effect of catechin stereoisomers and gallate on ACE activity and ROS production in the aorta were studied. It was shown that (+)-catechin and gallate increased the ACE activity and ROS production, and (−)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin did not influence these parameters. The doses of (+)-catechin and gallate that increased the ACE activity to a half-maximal value (AD50) were 0.04 and 0.03 µg/kg, respectively. Fucoidin, a blocker of leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, reduced the ACE activity to the control level in the aortas of (+)-catechin-treated rats.

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Breitwieser, C., P. Asbach, M. Sachs, P. Rogalla, and J. Rodenwaldt. "Posterior “nutcracker” phenomenon: hemodynamic relevant aorto‐retroaortal renal vein fistula leading to fatal right heart failure." Acta Radiologica 46, no. 2 (April 2005): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850510020923.

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A rare complication of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta is the so‐called “posterior nutcracker phenomenon”, which describes compression of a retroaortal renal vein between the abdominal aorta and the vertebral column. The clinical presentation is flank pain and hematuria, which are usually caused by a renal (respectively ureteral) calculus or neoplasia. Another rare differential diagnosis for these very common clinical symptoms is an aorto‐left renal vein fistula (ALRVF), which is a spontaneous vascular fistula, usually also associated with an aortic aneurysm, infrequently a result of abdominal trauma.

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Nguy, Lisa, Holger Nilsson, Jaana Lundgren, Maria E. Johansson, Tom Teerlink, Peter G. Scheffer, and Gregor Guron. "Vascular function in rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 302, no. 12 (June 15, 2012): R1426—R1435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00696.2011.

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The aim of the present study was to characterize the function of resistance arteries, and the aorta, in rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure (A-CRF). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to chow with or without adenine supplementation. After 6–10 wk, mesenteric arteries and thoracic aortas were analyzed ex vivo by wire myography. Plasma creatinine concentrations were elevated twofold at 2 wk, and eight-fold at the time of death in A-CRF animals. Ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured by radiotelemetry were significantly elevated in A-CRF animals from week 3 and onward. At death, A-CRF animals had anemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism, and elevated plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine and oxidative stress markers. There were no significant differences between groups in the sensitivity, or maximal response, to ACh, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), norepinephrine, or phenylephrine in either mesenteric arteries or aortas. However, in A-CRF animals, the rate of aortic relaxation was significantly reduced following washout of KCl (both in intact and endothelium-denuded aorta) and in response to ACh and SNP. Also the rate of contraction in response to KCl was significantly reduced in A-CRF animals both in mesenteric arteries and aortas. The media of A-CRF aortas was thickened and showed focal areas of fragmented elastic lamellae and disorganized smooth muscle cells. No vascular calcifications could be detected. These results indicate that severe renal failure for a duration of less than 10 wk in this model primarily affects the aorta and mainly slows the rate of relaxation.

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Sigua, Badri V., Vyacheslav P. Zemlyanoy, Andrey S. Kachiuri, Kirill V. Fetisov, Evgeni A. Zakharov, and Vyacheslav A. Melnikov. "New modification of the Albrecht–Staveley operation for treating aorto-mesenteric compression of the duodenum." HERALD of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov 12, no. 1 (May 28, 2020): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/mechnikov202012179-84.

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Aorto-mesenteric compression of the duodenum (Wilkie syndrome, upper mesenteric artery syndrome) is one of the causes of chronic duodenal obstruction. This condition is caused by compression of the horizontal branch of the duodenum between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, departing from the aorta at an acute angle. Among the causes of this pathological condition, an asthenic physique, pronounced weight loss in a short period of time, and others are distinguished. Currently, the main component of eliminating aorto-mesenteric compression is surgical intervention. Among other surgical methods, the most optimal is duodeno-jejunostomy according to AlbrechtStaveley. However, when this surgical intervention is associated with a high risk of developing a vicious circle syndrome. The developed modification of the AlbrechtStaveley operation aims to minimize the risks of developing the vicious circle syndrome.

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Xuan, Yan Jiao, Yu Chang, Bin Gao, and Kai Yun Gu. "Effect of Continuous Arterial Blood Flow of Intra-Aorta Pump on the Aorta - A Computational Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.672.

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In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study based on a finite element method (FEM) was performed for the human aorta with four different flow time patterns (healthy to full intra-aorta pump support). Fully coupled fluid-solid interaction (FSI) simulation was used to investigate the flow profiles in the aortic arch and its branches where the maximum disturbed and non-uniform flow patterns, and the wall shear stress profiles on the same areas. The blood flow was assumed as a homogeneous, incompressible, and Newtonian fluid flow. Flow across four inlets of aortas was derived from a lumped parameter model (LPM). The inlet flow rate waveforms were divided by different blood assist index (BAI), and were calculated with the physiological information of a heart failure patient.

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Deider, S., P. Theissen, K. Neufang, H. Schmidt, and U. Sechtem. "Aorto-bronchiale Fistel nach prothetischem Ersatz der Aorta descendens." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 151, no. 12 (December 1989): 735–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1047278.

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Pacheco Calvente, A., J. Ortega Mariscal, C. Bernal Bellido, and J. Ponce González. "Fístula aorto-cava en aneurisma de aorta abdominal roto." Revista Clínica Española 201, no. 11 (January 2001): 669–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2565(01)70943-5.

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Chammas, Majid, Jon Robken, Dale Geiss, and Nicolas Shammas. "Percutaneous Closure of the Aorto-Ostial Origin of a Coronary Artery Saphenous Bypass Graft with a Large Pseudoaneurysm Using the AMPLATZER Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect Occluder." International Journal of Angiology 26, no. 03 (October 5, 2016): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1593446.

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AbstractWe report the case of a 76-year-old male patient with a history of coronary artery bypass graft surgery presented with a large pseudoaneurysm emerging from a previously occluded saphenous bypass graft (SVG). A largely contained hematoma is seen in the mediastinum on computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the chest. Flow was seen from the ascending aorta into the pseudoaneurysm through the aorto-ostial opening of the bypass graft. Closure of the aorto-ostial origin of the graft was performed using the AMPLATZER muscular ventricular septal defect (VSD) occluder (St Jude's Medical, St. Paul, MN) with immediate interruption of flow into the graft and the pseudoaneurysm. A repeat CTA of the ascending aorta at 6 months postprocedure continued to confirm an optimal positioning of the occluder with no flow into the pseudoaneurysm. This case offers an endovascular alternative to close the aorto-ostial opening of a saphenous bypass graft in the setting of a rare but potentially life-threatening SVG pseudoaneurysm.

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MAEDA, Seiji, Takashi MIYAUCHI, Motoyuki IEMITSU, Takumi TANABE, Tomoko YOKOTA, Katsutoshi GOTO, Iwao YAMAGUCHI, and Mitsuo MATSUDA. "Effects of exercise training on expression of endothelin-1 mRNA in the aorta of aged rats." Clinical Science 103, s2002 (September 1, 2002): 118S—123S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs103s118s.

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Aging impairs endothelial function and the vascular tone regulation, although the precise mechanism remains unclear. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Because ET-1 has a potent vasoconstrictor effect on vessels, it may be involved in the regulation of vascular tonus. We hypothesized that aging causes a decrease in ET-1 expression in aorta, and that exercise training improves the aging-induced decrease in ET-1 expression in aorta. This study was performed to examine whether gene expression of ET-1 in the aorta of rats is altered by aging and subsequent exercise training. We studied expression of ET-1 mRNA in the aortas of sedentary young rats (Sedentary young group, 4 months old), sedentary aged rats (Sedentary aged group, 23 months old), and swim trained aged rats (Training aged group, 23 months old; swimming training for 8 weeks, 5days/week, 90min/day). The expression of ET-1 mRNA in the aorta was analysed by real-time quantitative PCR. Body weight and resting heart rate were significantly lower in the Training aged group compared with the Sedentary aged group. These results suggest that the Training aged rats exhibited physiological effects from exercise training. The expression of ET-1 mRNA in the aorta was markedly lower in Sedentary aged group compared with the Sedentary young group, whereas it was significantly higher in Training aged group compared with the Sedentary aged group. These results show that the expression of ET-1 mRNA in the aorta is decreased by aging, and that the expression is increased by exercise training. Therefore, the present study provides a possibility that exercise training improves endothelial function through up-regulation of the aging-induced decrease in ET-1 expression in the aorta.

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Basek, I. V., and N. N. Berezkina. "THE ROLE OF MDCT ANGOIGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF TAKAYASU ARTERITIS. CASE REPORT." Translational Medicine 5, no. 6 (February 21, 2019): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18705/2311-4495-2018-5-6-51-57.

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Takayasu’s disease (non-specific aorto-arteritis) is a chronic, idiopathic, inflammatory disease that primarily affects large vessels, such as the aorta and its major branches, including the pulmonary and coronary arteries. It often develops in women under the age of 50 years. Accurate and early diagnosis plays an important role in the prognosis of life in patients with this pathology. Complaints of patients with lesions of the aorta and its branches are non-specific in nature and are characterized by fever, night sweats, malaise and arthralgia, passing under the “mask” of other diseases. With the progression of the disease, stenoses or aneurysms occur in the arteries, which leads to ischemia of the limbs and internal organs, manifested by the corresponding clinical manifestations.The article presents the observation of aorto-arteritis Takayasu type V (generalized variant) in the woman of 26 years.

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BOZOĞLAN, Orhan, Bülent MEŞE, Erdinç EROĞLU, Murat ARI, Kemalettin ERDEM, and Muhteşem Erol YAYLA. "TEVAR Procedure in a Patient with Descending Aortic Aneurysm Accompanying Right Aortic Arch Anomaly: Case Report." Damar Cerrahi Dergisi 22, no. 1 (2013): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9739/uvcd.2012-33167.

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Shelly, Daniel A., Suiwen He, Amy Moseley, Craig Weber, Michelle Stegemeyer, Ronald M. Lynch, Jerry Lingrel, and Richard J. Paul. "Na+ pump α2-isoform specifically couples to contractility in vascular smooth muscle: evidence from gene-targeted neonatal mice." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 286, no. 4 (April 2004): C813—C820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00389.2003.

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The relative expression of α1 - and α2-Na+/K+-ATPase isoforms found in vascular smooth muscle is developmentally regulated and under hormonal and neurogenic control. The physiological roles of these isoforms in vascular function are not known. It has been postulated that the α1-isoform serves a “housekeeping” role, whereas the α2-isoform localizes to a subsarcolemmal compartment and modulates contractility. To test this hypothesis, isoform-specific gene-targeted mice in which the mRNA for either the α1- or the α2-Na+/K+-ATPase isoform was ablated were utilized. Both of these knockouts, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], are lethal; the latter dies at birth, which allows this neonatal aorta to be studied. Isometric force in [Formula: see text]-aorta was more sensitive to contractile agonists and less sensitive to the vasodilators forskolin and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) than wild-type (WT) aorta; [Formula: see text]-aortas had intermediate values. In contrast, neonatal [Formula: see text]-aorta was similar to WT. Western blot analysis indicated a population of 70% α1- and 30% α2-isoforms in the WT. Thus in terms of the total Na+/K+-ATPase protein, the [Formula: see text]-aorta (at 70%) would be similar to the [Formula: see text]-aorta (at 65%) but with a dramatically different phenotype. These data suggest that individual α-isoforms of the Na+/K+-ATPase differ functionally and that the α2-isoform couples more strongly to activation-relaxation pathways. Three-dimensional image-acquisition and deconvolution analyses suggest that the α2-isoform is distributed differently than the α1-isoform. Importantly, these isoforms do not localize to the same regions.

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Mansour, Ahmed M., Sven Peterss, Mohammad A. Zafar, John A. Rizzo, Hai Fang, Paris Charilaou, Bulat A. Ziganshin, Umer M. Darr, and John A. Elefteriades. "Prevention of Aortic Dissection Suggests a Diameter Shift to a Lower Aortic Size Threshold for Intervention." Cardiology 139, no. 3 (2018): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000481930.

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Background: Multiple studies have quantified the relationship between aortic size and risk of dissection. However, these studies estimated the risk of dissection without accounting for any increase in aortic size from the dissection process itself. Objectives: This study aims to compare aortic size before and after dissection and to evaluate the change in size consequent to the dissection itself. Methods: Fifty-five consecutive patients (29 type A; 26 type B) with aortic dissection and incidental imaging studies prior to dissection were identified and compared to a control group of aneurysm patients (n = 205). The average time between measurement at and prior to dissection was 1.7 ± 1.9 years (1.9 ± 2.0 years mean inter-image time in the control group). A multivariate regression model controlling for growth rate, age, and gender was created to estimate the effect of dissection itself on aortic size. Results: The mean aortic sizes at and prior to dissection were 54.2 ± 7.0 and 45.1 ± 5.7 mm for the ascending aorta, and 47.1 ± 13.8 and 39.5 ± 13.1 mm for the descending aorta, respectively. The multivariable analysis revealed a significant impact of the dissection itself (p < 0.001) and estimated an increase in size of 7.65 mm (ascending aorta) and 6.38 mm (descending aorta). Thus, a proportional estimate of 82.8% (ascending aorta) and 80.8% (descending aorta) of dissections are made at a size lower than the guideline-recommended threshold (55 mm). Conclusions: The aortic diameter increases substantially due to aortic dissection itself and, thus, aortas are being dissected at clinically meaningfully smaller sizes than natural history analyses have previously suggested. These findings have important implications regarding the size at which the risk of dissection is increased.

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Hatton, Mark W. C., and Bonnie Ross-Ouellet. "Radiolabeled r-Hirudin as a Measure of Thrombin Activity at, or within, the Rabbit Aorta Wall In Vitro and In Vivo." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 71, no. 04 (1994): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642467.

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SummaryThe behavior of 125I-labeled recombinant hirudin towards the uninjured and de-endothelialized rabbit aorta wall has been studied in vitro and in vivo to determine its usefulness as an indicator of thrombin activity associated with the aorta wall. Thrombin adsorbed to either sulfopropyl-Sephadex or heparin-Sepharose bound >95% of 125I-r-hirudin and the complex remained bound to the matrix. Binding of 125I-r-hirudin to the exposed aorta subendothelium (intima-media) in vitro was increased substantially if the tissue was pre-treated with thrombin; the quantity of l25I-r-hirudin bound to the de-endothelialized intima-media (i.e. balloon-injured in vitro) correlated positively with the quantity of bound 131I-thrombin (p <0.01). Aortas balloon-injured in vivo were measured for thrombin release from, and binding of 125I-r-hirudin to, the de-endothelialized intimal surface in vitro; 125I-r-hirudin binding correlated with the amount of active thrombin released (p <0.001). Uptake of 125I-r-hirudin by the aorta wall in vivo was proportional to the uptake of 131I-fibrinogen (as an indicator of thrombin activity) before and after balloon injury. After 30 min in the circulation, specific 125I-r-hirudin binding to the uninjured and de-endo- thelialized (at 1.5 h after injury) aorta wall was equivalent to 3.4 (± 2.5) and 25.6 (±18.1) fmol of thrombin/cm2 of intima-media, respectively. Possibly, only hirudin-accessible, glycosaminoglycan-bound thrombin is measured in this way.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Aorta'

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