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1
Kaneko, Naotsugu, Atsushi Sasaki, Hikaru Yokoyama, Yohei Masugi, and Kimitaka Nakazawa. "Effects of action observation and motor imagery of walking on the corticospinal and spinal motoneuron excitability and motor imagery ability in healthy participants." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 18, 2022): e0266000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266000.
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Action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) are used for the rehabilitation of patients who face difficulty walking. Rehabilitation involving AO, MI, and AO combined with MI (AO+MI) facilitates gait recovery after neurological disorders. However, the mechanism by which it positively affects gait function is unclear. We previously examined the neural mechanisms underlying AO and MI of walking, focusing on AO+MI and corticospinal and spinal motor neuron excitability, which play important roles in gait function. Herein, we investigated the effects of a short intervention using AO+MI of walking on the corticospinal and spinal motor neuron excitability and MI ability of participants. Twelve healthy individuals participated in this study, which consisted of a 20 min intervention. Before the experiment, we measured MI ability using the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 (VMIQ-2). We used motor evoked potential and F-wave measurements to evaluate the corticospinal and spinal motor neuron excitability at rest, pre-intervention, 0 min, and 15 min post-intervention. We also measured corticospinal excitability during MI of walking and the participant’s ability to perform MI using a visual analog scale (VAS). There were no significant changes in corticospinal and spinal motor neuron excitability during and after the intervention using AO+MI (p>0.05). The intervention temporarily increased VAS scores, thus indicating clearer MI (p<0.05); however, it did not influence corticospinal excitability during MI of walking (p>0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between the VMIQ-2 and VAS scores and changes in corticospinal and spinal motor neuron excitability. Therefore, one short intervention using AO+MI increased MI ability in healthy individuals; however, it was insufficient to induce plastic changes at the cortical and spinal levels. Moreover, the effects of intervention using AO+MI were not associated with MI ability. Our findings provide information about intervention using AO+MI in healthy individuals and might be helpful in planning neurorehabilitation strategies.
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Kaneko, Masugi, Usuda, Yokoyama, and Nakazawa. "Muscle-Specific Modulation of Spinal Reflexes in Lower-Limb Muscles during Action Observation with and without Motor Imagery of Walking." Brain Sciences 9, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9120333.
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Action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) are useful techniques in neurorehabilitation. Previous studies have reported that AO and MI facilitate corticospinal excitability only in those muscles that are active when actually performing the observed or imagined movements. However, it remained unclear whether spinal reflexes modulate multiple muscles simultaneously. The present study focused on AO and MI of walking and aimed to clarify their effects on spinal reflexes in lower-limb muscles that are recruited during actual walking. Ten healthy males participated in the present study. Spinal reflex parameters evoked by transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation were measured from five lower-limb muscles during rest, AO, and AO combined with MI (AO + MI) conditions. Our results showed that spinal reflexes were increased in the tibialis anterior and biceps femoris muscles during AO and in the tibialis anterior, soleus, and medial gastrocnemius muscles during AO + MI, compared with resting condition. Spinal reflex parameters in the vastus medialis muscle were unchanged. These results indicate the muscle-specific modulations of spinal reflexes during AO and AO + MI. These findings reveal the underlying neural activities induced by AO, MI, and their combined processes.
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Almulla, Latifah, Ibraheem Al-Naib, Ijlal Shahrukh Ateeq, and Murad Althobaiti. "Observation and motor imagery balance tasks evaluation: An fNIRS feasibility study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 23, 2022): e0265898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265898.
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In this study, we aimed at exploring the feasibility of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for studying the observation and/or motor imagination of various postural tasks. Thirteen healthy adult subjects followed five trials of static and dynamic standing balance tasks, throughout three different experimental setups of action observation (AO), a combination of action observation and motor imagery (AO+MI), and motor imagery (MI). During static and dynamic standing tasks, both the AO+MI and MI experiments revealed that many channels in prefrontal or motor regions are significantly activated while the AO experiment showed almost no significant increase in activations in most of the channels. The contrast between static and dynamic standing tasks showed that with more demanding balance tasks, relative higher activation patterns were observed, particularly during AO and in AO+MI experiments in the frontopolar area. Moreover, the AO+MI experiment revealed a significant difference in premotor and supplementary motor cortices that are related to balance control. Furthermore, it has been observed that the AO+MI experiment induced relatively higher activation patterns in comparison to AO or MI alone. Remarkably, the results of this work match its counterpart from previous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Therefore, they may pave the way for using the fNIRS as a diagnostic tool for evaluating the performance of the non-physical balance training during the rehabilitation period of temporally immobilized patients.
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Xiong, Hao, Jin-Jin Chen, John M. Gikaro, Chen-Guang Wang, and Feng Lin. "Activation Patterns of Functional Brain Network in Response to Action Observation-Induced and Non-Induced Motor Imagery of Swallowing: A Pilot Study." Brain Sciences 12, no. 10 (October 21, 2022): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101420.
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Action observation (AO) combined with motor imagery (MI) was verified as more effective in improving limb function than AO or MI alone, while the underlying mechanism of swallowing was ambiguous. The study aimed at exploring the efficacy of AO combined with MI in swallowing. In this study, twelve subjects performed the motor imagery of swallowing (MI-SW) during magnetoencephalography (MEG) scanning, and trials were divided into three groups: the non-induced group (control group, CG), male AO-induced group (M-AIG), and female AO-induced group (F-AIG). We used event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs) and phase locking value (PLV) to assess the degree of activation and connectivity of the brain regions during MI-SW in the three groups. The results showed that compared to CG, F-AIG and M-AIG significantly activated more brain regions in the frontoparietal, attention, visual, and cinguloopercular systems. In addition, M-AIG significantly activated the sensorimotor cortex compared to CG and F-AIG. For the brain network, F-AIG and M-AIG increased the diffusion of non-hub hot spots and cold hubs to the bilateral hemispheres which enhanced interhemispheric functional connectivity and information transmission efficiency in the MI-SW task. This study provided supporting evidence that AO induction could enhance the effect of MI-SW and supported the application of AO-induced MI-SW in clinical rehabilitation.
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Mouthon, A., J. Ruffieux, M. Mouthon, H. M. Hoogewoud, J. M. Annoni, and W. Taube. "Age-Related Differences in Cortical and Subcortical Activities during Observation and Motor Imagery of Dynamic Postural Tasks: An fMRI Study." Neural Plasticity 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1598178.
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Age-related changes in brain activation other than in the primary motor cortex are not well known with respect to dynamic balance control. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore age-related differences in the control of static and dynamic postural tasks using fMRI during mental simulation of balance tasks. For this purpose, 16 elderly (72 ± 5 years) and 16 young adults (27 ± 5 years) were asked to mentally simulate a static and a dynamic balance task by motor imagery (MI), action observation (AO), or the combination of AO and MI (AO + MI). Age-related differences were detected in the form of larger brain activations in elderly compared to young participants, especially in the challenging dynamic task when applying AO + MI. Interestingly, when MI (no visual input) was contrasted to AO (visual input), elderly participants revealed deactivation of subcortical areas. The finding that the elderly demonstrated overactivation in mostly cortical areas in challenging postural conditions with visual input (AO + MI and AO) but deactivation in subcortical areas during MI (no vision) may indicate that elderly individuals allocate more cortical resources to the internal representation of dynamic postural tasks. Furthermore, it might be assumed that they depend more strongly on visual input to activate subcortical internal representations.
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Suso-Martí, Luis, Jose Vicente León-Hernández, Roy La Touche, Alba Paris-Alemany, and Ferran Cuenca-Martínez. "Motor Imagery and Action Observation of Specific Neck Therapeutic Exercises Induced Hypoalgesia in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Single-Blind Placebo Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 7 (July 12, 2019): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8071019.
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The aim of the present study was to explore the pain modulation effects of motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) of specific neck therapeutic exercises both locally, in the cervical region, and remotely. A single-blind, placebo clinical trial was designed. A total of 30 patients with chronic neck pain (CNP) were randomly assigned to an AO group, MI group, or placebo observation (PO) group. Pain pressure thresholds (PPTs) of C2/C3, trapezius muscles, and epicondyle were the main outcome variables. Secondary outcomes included heart rate measurement. Statistically significant differences were observed in PPTs of the cervical region in the AO and MI groups between the preintervention and first postintervention assessment. Significant differences were found in the AO group in the epicondyle between the preintervention, first and second post-intervention assessments. Regarding heart rate response, differences were found in the AO and MI groups between the preintervention and average intervention measurements. AO and MI induce immediate pain modulation in the cervical region and AO also induces remote hypoalgesia. OA appears to lead to greater pain modulation as well as a greater heart rate response, however, both should be clinically considered in patients with CNP.
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Abbruzzese, Giovanni, Laura Avanzino, Roberta Marchese, and Elisa Pelosin. "Action Observation and Motor Imagery: Innovative Cognitive Tools in the Rehabilitation of Parkinson’s Disease." Parkinson's Disease 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/124214.
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive impairment of motor skills with deterioration of autonomy in daily living activities. Physiotherapy is regarded as an adjuvant to pharmacological and neurosurgical treatment and may provide small and short-lasting clinical benefits in PD patients. However, the development of innovative rehabilitation approaches with greater long-term efficacy is a major unmet need. Motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) have been recently proposed as a promising rehabilitation tool. MI is the ability to imagine a movement without actual performance (or muscle activation). The same cortical-subcortical network active during motor execution is engaged in MI. The physiological basis of AO is represented by the activation of the “mirror neuron system.” Both MI and AO are involved in motor learning and can induce improvements of motor performance, possibly mediated by the development of plastic changes in the motor cortex. The review of available evidences indicated that MI ability and AO feasibility are substantially preserved in PD subjects. A few preliminary studies suggested the possibility of using MI and AO as parts of rehabilitation protocols for PD patients.
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Mouthon, A., J. Ruffieux, and W. Taube. "Modulation of intracortical inhibition during physically performed and mentally simulated balance tasks." European Journal of Applied Physiology 121, no. 5 (February 19, 2021): 1379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04577-1.
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Abstract Purpose Action observation (AO) during motor imagery (MI), so-called AO + MI, has been proposed as a new form of non-physical training, but the neural mechanisms involved remains largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether there were similarities in the modulation of short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) during execution and mental simulation of postural tasks, and if there was a difference in modulation of SICI between AO + MI and AO alone. Method 21 young adults (mean ± SD = 24 ± 6.3 years) were asked to either passively observe (AO) or imagine while observing (AO + MI) or physically perform a stable and an unstable standing task, while motor evoked potentials and SICI were assessed in the soleus muscle. Result SICI results showed a modulation by condition (F2,40 = 6.42, p = 0.009) with less SICI in the execution condition compared to the AO + MI (p = 0.009) and AO (p = 0.002) condition. Moreover, switching from the stable to the unstable stance condition reduced significantly SICI (F1,20 = 8.34, p = 0.009) during both, physically performed (− 38.5%; p = 0.03) and mentally simulated balance (− 10%, p < 0.001, AO + MI and AO taken together). Conclusion The data demonstrate that SICI is reduced when switching from a stable to a more unstable standing task during both real task execution and mental simulation. Therefore, our results strengthen and further support the existence of similarities between executed and mentally simulated actions by showing that not only corticospinal excitability is similarly modulated but also SICI. This proposes that the activity of the inhibitory cortical network during mental simulation of balance tasks resembles the one during physical postural task execution.
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Dos Anjos, Typhanie, Aymeric Guillot, Yann Kerautret, Sébastien Daligault, and Franck Di Rienzo. "Corticomotor Plasticity Underlying Priming Effects of Motor Imagery on Force Performance." Brain Sciences 12, no. 11 (November 13, 2022): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12111537.
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The neurophysiological processes underlying the priming effects of motor imagery (MI) on force performance remain poorly understood. Here, we tested whether the priming effects of embedded MI practice involved short-term changes in corticomotor connectivity. In a within-subjects counterbalanced experimental design, participants (n = 20) underwent a series of experimental sessions consisting of successive maximal isometric contractions of elbow flexor muscles. During inter-trial rest periods, we administered MI, action observation (AO), and a control passive recovery condition. We collected electromyograms (EMG) from both agonists and antagonists of the force task, in addition to electroencephalographic (EEG) brain potentials during force trials. Force output was higher during MI compared to AO and control conditions (both p < 0.01), although fatigability was similar across experimental conditions. We also found a weaker relationship between triceps brachii activation and force output during MI and AO compared to the control condition. Imaginary coherence topographies of alpha (8–12 Hz) oscillations revealed increased connectivity between EEG sensors from central scalp regions and EMG signals from agonists during MI, compared to AO and control. Present results suggest that the priming effects of MI on force performance are mediated by a more efficient cortical drive to motor units yielding reduced agonist/antagonist coactivation.
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Cuenca-Martínez, Ferran, Luis Suso-Martí, Mónica Grande-Alonso, Alba Paris-Alemany, and Roy La Touche. "Combining motor imagery with action observation training does not lead to a greater autonomic nervous system response than motor imagery alone during simple and functional movements: a randomized controlled trial." PeerJ 6 (July 6, 2018): e5142. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5142.
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Both motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) trigger the activation of the neurocognitive mechanisms that underlie the planning and execution of voluntary movements in a manner that resembles how the action is performed in a real way. The main objective of the present study was to compare the autonomic nervous system (ANS) response in an isolated MI group compared to a combined MI + AO group. The mental tasks were based on two simple movements that are recorded in the revised movement imagery questionnaire in third-person perspective. The secondary objective of the study was to test if there was any relationship between the ANS variables and the ability to generate mental motor imagery, the mental chronometry and the level of physical activity. The main outcomes that were measured were heart rate, respiratory rate and electrodermal activity. A Biopac MP150 system, a measurement device of autonomic changes, was used for the quantification and evaluation of autonomic variables. Forty five asymptomatic subjects were selected and randomized in three groups: isolated MI, MI + AO and control group (CG). In regards to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), no differences were observed between MI and MI + AO groups (p > .05), although some differences were found between both groups when compared to the CG (p < .05). Additionally, even though no associations were reported between the ANS variables and the ability to generate mental motor imagery, moderate-strong positive associations were found in mental chronometry and the level of physical activity. Our results suggest that MI and MI + AO, lead to an activation of the SNS, although there are no significant differences between the two groups. Based on results obtained, we suggest that tasks of low complexity, providing a visual input through the AO does not facilitates their subsequent motor imagination. A higher level of physical activity as well as a longer time to perform mental task, seem to be associated with a greater increase in the ANS response.
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Li, Penghai, Han Xu, Abdelkader Nasreddine Belkacem, Jianfeng Zhang, Rui Xu, Xinpu Guo, Xiaotian Wang, et al. "Brain Patterns During Single- and Dual-Task Leg Movements." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 781–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3348.
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The brain is able to engage in dual tasks such as motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) or motor execution (ME) with action observation. In this study, we have quantitatively compared event-related desynchronization (ERD) patterns during tasks of pure MI, MI with AO (O-MI), ME, and ME with AO (O-ME) of the leg to investigate the underlying neuronal mechanisms using EEG. Subjects were instructed to imagine or perform rhythmical actions while watching a video of leg movements during O-MI and O-ME tasks; In contrast, subjects imagined and performed the leg movements without observing any video during pure MI and ME tasks. We noticed that the amplitude of ERDs from MI, O-MI, ME and O-ME sequentially increases in central regions of the brain. These quantified ERD patterns in EEG were used to study the differences of brain oscillatory changes among the four tasks. We found that ERDs in motor area were more distinct in O-MI, compared with pure MI. These results suggest that O-MI produced stronger motor activations than MI. Plus, O-ME showed significantly greater activations than ME in the beta band. O-ME has produced stronger neurophysiological effects than MI, and stronger behavioral effects than ME. These empirical results do provide convincing evidence of the dual tasks such combined MI or ME with action observation on brain pattern changes. The video of the goal-directed leg movements is most likely able to improve the ability of performing or imagining movements. O-MI and O-ME may get better and closer therapeutic effects in leg rehabilitation and motor skill training. Furthermore, the extent analysis of ERD may provide the basis for evaluating the ability of O-MI and O-ME in leg rehabilitation and motor skill training.
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Cuenca-Martínez, Ferran, Luis Suso-Martí, Jose Vicente León-Hernández, and Roy La Touche. "The Role of Movement Representation Techniques in the Motor Learning Process: A Neurophysiological Hypothesis and a Narrative Review." Brain Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10010027.
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We present a neurophysiological hypothesis for the role of motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) training in the motor learning process. The effects of movement representation in the brain and those of the cortical–subcortical networks related to planning, executing, adjusting, and automating real movements share a similar neurophysiological activity. Coupled with the influence of certain variables related to the movement representation process, this neurophysiological activity is a key component of the present hypothesis. These variables can be classified into four domains: physical, cognitive–evaluative, motivational–emotional, and direct-modulation. The neurophysiological activity underlying the creation and consolidation of mnemonic representations of motor gestures as a prerequisite to motor learning might differ between AO and MI. Together with variations in cognitive loads, these differences might explain the differing results in motor learning. The mirror neuron system appears to function more efficiently through AO training than MI, and AO is less demanding in terms of cognitive load than MI. AO might be less susceptible to the influence of variables related to movement representation.
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Welage, Nandana, Michelle Bissett, Kenneth N. N. Fong, Paul Fahey, Kristy Coxon, and Karen P. Y. Liu. "Effectiveness of Action Observation and Motor Imagery on Relearning Upper Extremity Function After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." International Clinical Neuroscience Journal 9, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): e5-e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/icnj.2022.05.
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The effectiveness of action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) in high-quality studies with less risk of bias is rarely reported together. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of AO and MI on improving upper extremity function among people after stroke by combining evidence of studies with high methodological quality. Randomised controlled trials, with a score of 6 or above in the PEDro Scale, that examined the effects of AO or MI for people with stroke were selected. A narrative analysis and meta-analysis were conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. Ten randomised controlled trials from 11 articles met the inclusion criteria. The results of meta-analysis showed that AO had a small to moderate statistically significant effect on improving upper extremity motor function (standardized mean difference, SMD=0.34; confidence interval, CI=0.08, 0.59; P=0.35; I 2=0.00%) and no significant effect on MI (SMD=0.08; CI=-0.26, 0.42; P=0.65; I2=0.00%) when compared with the control intervention. Evidence was found in support of AO and it is recommended for people with acute or sub-acute stroke.
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Fujiwara, Kengo, Rikako Shimoda, Masatomo Shibata, Yoshinaga Awano, Koji Shibayama, and Toshio Higashi. "A Method for Using Video Presentation to Increase Cortical Region Activity during Motor Imagery Tasks in Stroke Patients." Brain Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13010029.
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Previous studies have reported that stroke patients have difficulty recalling the motor imagery (MI) of a task, also known as MI vividness. Research on combining MI with action observation is gaining importance as a method to improve MI vividness. We enrolled 10 right-handed stroke patients and compared MI vividness and cortical activity under different presentation methods (no inverted image, inverted image of another individual’s hand, and an inverted image of the patient’s nonparalyzed hand) using near-infrared spectroscopy. Images of the nonparalyzed upper limb were inverted to make the paralyzed upper limb appear as if it were moving. Three tasks (non inverted image, AO + MI (other hand), AO + MI (own hand)) were randomly performed on 10 stroke patients. MI vividness was significantly higher when the inverted image of the nonparalyzed upper limb was presented compared to the other conditions (p < 0.01). The activity of the cortical regions was also significantly enhanced (p < 0.01). Our study highlights the potential application of inverted images of a stroke patient’s own nonparalyzed hand in mental practice to promote the motor recovery of stroke patients. This technique achieved higher levels of MI vividness and cortical activity when performing motor tasks.
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Cuenca-Martínez, Ferran, Roy La Touche, Jose Vicente León-Hernández, and Luis Suso-Martí. "Mental practice in isolation improves cervical joint position sense in patients with chronic neck pain: a randomized single-blind placebo trial." PeerJ 7 (September 12, 2019): e7681. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7681.
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Objective The main objective of this trial was to assess whether action observation (AO) training and motor imagery (MI) produced changes in the cervical joint position sense (CJPS) both at the end of the intervention and 10 min postintervention compared with a placebo intervention in patients with nonspecific chronic neck pain (NSCNP). Methods A single-blind placebo clinical trial was designed. A total of 30 patients with NSCNP were randomly assigned to the AO group, MI group or placebo observation (PO) group. CJPS in flexion, extension and rotation movements in both planes were the main variables. Results The results obtained in the vertical plane showed that the AO group obtained greater improvements than the PO group in the CJPS in terms of cervical extension movement both at the end of the intervention and 10 min postintervention (p = .001, d = 1.81 and p = .004, d = 1.74, respectively), and also in cervical flexion movement, although only at 10 min after the intervention (p = .035, d = 0.72). In addition, the AO group obtained greater improvements than the MI group in the CJPS only at the end of the intervention in cervical extension movement (p = .041, d = 1.17). Regarding the left rotation cervical movement, both the MI and AO groups were superior to the PO group in both planes at the end of the intervention (p < .05, d > 0.80). Conclusions Although both AO and MI could be a useful strategy for CJPS improvement, the AO group showed the strongest results. The therapeutic potential of the application of mental practice in a clinical context in the early stages of rehabilitation of NSCNP should be considered.
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Choi, Jong-Bae, Seo-Won Yang, and Sung-Ryong Ma. "The Effect of Action Observation Combined with Motor Imagery Training on Upper Extremity Function and Corticospinal Excitability in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 23, 2022): 12048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912048.
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This study aimed to investigate the effect of motor imagery (MI) intervention with action observation (AO) on upper extremity function and corticospinal activation in stroke patients. MI and AO are two forms of motion simulation that activate the motor system without physical activity. There are many studies that show the effect of AO and MI alone, but there are few studies in parallel. This study was conducted on 45 patients who were divided into an experimental group (n = 22) and a control group (n = 23) using a computer randomization program. The experimental group conducted AO with MI, and the control group only AO. All participants received interventions for twenty-five minutes per session, five times a week, for eight weeks. For the pre- and post-evaluation of all participants, motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude was measured to compare corticospinal activation, and Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA UE), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and Motor Activity Log (MAL) were evaluated for changes in upper extremity function. In comparing the amount of change before and after the intervention, a significant change was observed in the experimental group’s MEP amplitude. In the comparison between groups after the intervention and the amount of change before and after the intervention, the experimental group showed significant changes in FMA UE and MAL Amount of Use (MAL AOU) items. As a result of this study, AO with MI is effective in enhancing upper extremity function and increasing cortical spinal cord activation in patients with severe stroke with limited movement.
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Marusic, Uros, Sidney Grosprêtre, Armin Paravlic, Simon Kovač, Rado Pišot, and Wolfgang Taube. "Motor Imagery during Action Observation of Locomotor Tasks Improves Rehabilitation Outcome in Older Adults after Total Hip Arthroplasty." Neural Plasticity 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5651391.
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This study aimed at determining whether the combination of action observation and motor imagery (AO + MI) of locomotor tasks could positively affect rehabilitation outcome after hip replacement surgery. Of initially 405 screened participants, 21 were randomly split into intervention group (N=10; mean age = 64 y; AO + MI of locomotor tasks: 30 min/day in the hospital, then 3×/week in their homes for two months) and control group (N=11, mean age = 63 y, active controls). The functional outcomes (Timed Up and Go, TUG; Four Step Square Test, FSST; and single- and dual-task gait and postural control) were measured before (PRE) and 2 months after surgery (POST). Significant interactions indicated better rehabilitation outcome for the intervention group as compared to the control group: at POST, the intervention group revealed faster TUG (p=0.042), FSST (p=0.004), and dual-task fast-paced gait speed (p=0.022), reduced swing-time variability (p=0.005), and enhanced cognitive performance during dual tasks while walking or balancing (p<0.05). In contrast, no changes were observed for body sway parameters (p≥0.229). These results demonstrate that AO + MI is efficient to improve motor-cognitive performance after hip surgery. Moreover, only parameters associated with locomotor activities improved whereas balance skills that were not part of the AO + MI intervention were not affected, demonstrating the specificity of training intervention. Overall, utilizing AO + MI during rehabilitation is advised, especially when physical practice is limited.
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La Touche, Roy, Juan José Fernández Pérez, Sergio Martínez García, Ferran Cuenca-Martínez, Ibai López-de-Uralde-Villanueva, and Luis Suso-Martí. "Hypoalgesic Effects of Aerobic and Isometric Motor Imagery and Action Observation Exercises on Asymptomatic Participants: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial." Pain Medicine 21, no. 10 (March 6, 2020): 2186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa015.
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Abstract Objectives The objective was to explore whether action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) of aerobic and isometric exercise could induce hypoalgesic responses in asymptomatic individuals compared with placebo observation (PO). Methods A randomized controlled pilot trial was designed. Twenty-four healthy participants (mean age = 21.9 ± 2.1 years) were randomized into three groups: AO+MI (N = 8), AO, (N = 8), and PO (N = 8). All participants performed an actual aerobic running exercise (three series of 90 seconds at 85% of their VO2max and 30 seconds at 65% of their VO2max) and an isometric exercise protocol (isometric squats). A day later, they all performed the mental intervention, observing or imagining exercise execution performed the day before, according to their allocated group. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of the quadriceps and epicondyle regions were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and 15 minutes postintervention. Results Analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences in the group*time interaction for PPT in the quadriceps. The AO group showed a statistically significant increase at postintervention and at 15 minutes postintervention. The AO+MI group obtained a statistically significant increase in the two PPT regions compared with the PO group at Δpre–post. The AO group obtained a greater increase in the PPT in the quadriceps femoris than the PO group at Δpre–post and Δpre–post 15 minutes. Conclusions AO and MI induce hypoalgesic responses compared with PO. AO isolated training showed pain modulation responses in the PPTs of the quadriceps region in young physically active adults. These findings highlight the potential role of brain training in pain management.
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Bek, Judith, Paul S. Holmes, Chesney E. Craig, Zoë C. Franklin, Matthew Sullivan, Jordan Webb, Trevor J. Crawford, Stefan Vogt, Emma Gowen, and Ellen Poliakoff. "Action Imagery and Observation in Neurorehabilitation for Parkinson’s Disease (ACTION-PD): Development of a User-Informed Home Training Intervention to Improve Functional Hand Movements." Parkinson's Disease 2021 (July 23, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4559519.
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Background. Parkinson’s disease (PD) causes difficulties with hand movements, which few studies have addressed therapeutically. Training with action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) improves performance in healthy individuals, particularly when the techniques are applied simultaneously (AO + MI). Both AO and MI have shown promising effects in people with PD, but previous studies have only used these separately. Objective. This article describes the development and pilot testing of an intervention combining AO + MI and physical practice to improve functional manual actions in people with PD. Methods. The home-based intervention, delivered using a tablet computer app, was iteratively designed by an interdisciplinary team, including people with PD, and further developed through focus groups and initial field testing. Preliminary data on feasibility were obtained via a six-week pilot randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN 11184024) of 10 participants with mild to moderate PD (6 intervention; 4 treatment as usual). Usage and adherence data were recorded during training, and semistructured interviews were conducted with participants. Exploratory outcome measures included dexterity and timed action performance. Results. Usage and qualitative data provided preliminary evidence of acceptability and usability. Exploratory outcomes also suggested that subjective and objective performance of manual actions should be tested in a larger trial. The importance of personalisation, choice, and motivation was highlighted, as well as the need to facilitate engagement in motor imagery. Conclusions. The results indicate that a larger RCT is warranted, and the findings also have broader relevance for the feasibility and development of AO + MI interventions for PD and other conditions.
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Gu, Cuifeng, Guojian He, and Chenhong Lin. "REFINEMENT OF SALIVA MI-RNA BIOMARKERS FOR SPORT-RELATED CONCUSSION." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 28, no. 5 (October 2022): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202228052022_126.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: The changes in brain structure caused by a sports-related concussion may initially be indistinguishable, however, the irreversible deleterious effects are noted in the long term. An early diagnosis may provide the patient with a better recovery chance and increased survival. For this purpose, this paper studies the feasibility of a diagnosis for concussion by microRNA (mi-RNA) biomarkers contained in the saliva of athletes. Objective: Verify whether salivary miRNAs could be considered good biomarkers for sports concussion. Methodology: Salivary mi-RNA levels were determined from 120 saliva samples of 120 players. There were 43 with a diagnosis of concussion and 77 without a diagnosis of concussion. Samples from players with a concussion were collected 30 minutes prior to activity, samples from individuals who did not engage in physical activity were also compared. Results: On the evaluation of 30 miRNA from individuals with a concussion between contact and non-contact sports there was high detection reliability(P<.05). Both miR-532-5p and miR-182-5p showed reduced amounts of physical activity. The miRNA-532-5p and miRNA-182-5p show significant results among 43 subjects from pre-exercise to post-exercise. The miRNA-4510 showed a significant result (p < 0.05) between contact and non-contact sport types. The amount of miRNA-4510 expanded in 20 individuals in the contact sport at post-exercise but remained normal in the non-contact sports group. Conclusion: The salivary miRNAs are reliable biomarkers for concussion. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies – Investigating the results.
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Lahuerta-Martín, Silvia, Rocío Llamas-Ramos, and Inés Llamas-Ramos. "Effectiveness of Therapies Based on Mirror Neuron System to Treat Gait in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease—A Systematic Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 4236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144236.
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that alters gait patterns from early stages. The visuo-motor training strategies such as action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) that are based on the activity of the mirror neuron system (MNS) facilitate motor re-learning. The main purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the current scientific evidence about the effectiveness of MNS’s treatments (AO and MI) to treat gait in patients with PD. Searches were completed from the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and PEDro between November and December 2021. The following keywords were used: “Parkinson disease”, “mirror neurons”, “gait”, “action observation”, and “motor imagery”. Randomized control trials of the last 5 years written in English or Spanish were included. Two independent reviewers screened the articles and applied the eligibility criteria, and a third reviewer assisted in this process. A total of six articles were included for final revision. The risk of bias was assessed with the PEDro Scale. The effects of AO and MI using different outcome measures were referenced in terms of disease severity, quality of life, balance, and gait. Training with AO and MI are effective in improving disease severity, quality of life, balance, and gait in patients with PD.
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Uematsu, Manabu, Toru Yoshizaki, Takuya Shimizu, Jun-ei Obata, Takamitsu Nakamura, Daisuke Fujioka, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Yosuke Watanabe, and Kiyotaka Kugiyama. "Sustained myocardial production of stromal cell-derived factor-1α was associated with left ventricular adverse remodeling in patients with myocardial infarction." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 309, no. 10 (November 15, 2015): H1764—H1771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00493.2015.
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The role of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) expressed in infarcted myocardium is unknown in humans. We examined whether SDF-1α produced in an infarcted myocardial lesion may play a role in left ventricle (LV) remodeling and dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We measured SDF-1α levels in plasma obtained from aortic root (AO) and anterior interventricular vein (AIV) in the early phase (2 wk after MI) and the chronic phase (6 mo after MI) in 80 patients with anterior MI. An increment in SDF-1α level from AO to AIV, reflecting SDF-1α release from infarcted myocardium, was more frequent in patients with MI in the early phase of MI [ n = 52 (65%), P = 0.03] but not in the chronic phase of MI [ n = 46 (58%), P = 0.11] compared with that in control patients [ n = 6/17 (35%)]. On linear regression analysis, the transmyocardial gradient in SDF-1α level in the chronic phase of MI was correlated with percentage changes in LV end-diastolic volume index ( r = 0.39, P < 0.001), LV end-systolic volume index ( r = 0.38, P < 0.001), and LV ejection fraction ( r = −0.26, P = 0.01) 6 mo after AMI. By contrast, the transmyocardial gradient of SDF-1α in the early phase of MI had no significant correlations. In conclusion, the production of SDF-1α in infarcted myocardium in the chronic phase of MI was associated with LV adverse remodeling and progressive dysfunction in AMI survivors.
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Winck, Bruna Raquel, Fabiane Machado Vezzani, Jeferson Dieckow, Nerilde Favaretto, and Rudimar Molin. "Carbono e nitrogênio nas frações granulométricas da matéria orgânica do solo, em sistemas de culturas sob plantio direto." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 38, no. 3 (June 2014): 980–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832014000300030.
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A qualidade do solo em plantio direto está relacionada ao sistema de culturas e pode ser avaliada pelo teor de matéria orgânica particulada (>53 ∝m), em razão da funcionalidade que essa fração proporciona ao solo e à sua sensibilidade às diferenças de manejo. Visando estudar a qualidade do solo em sistemas de culturas em plantio direto, este trabalho foi conduzido em experimento de longa duração (21 anos) em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico nos Campos Gerais do Paraná. Seis sistemas de culturas foram avaliados, em que trigo-TR (Triticum aestivum L.), soja-SO (Glycine max L.), milho-MI (Zea mays L.), aveia-preta-AV, para cobertura (Avena strigosa Schreb.), ervilhaca-ER, para cobertura (Vicia villosa Roth); azevém-AZ, para feno (Lolium multiflorum Lam.); ou alfafa-AL, para feno (Medicago sativa L.) compuseram os seguintes sistemas: TR-SO (referência), ER-MI-AV-SO-TR-SO, ER-MI-TR-SO, AV-MI-TR-SO, AZ-MI-AZ-SO e AL-MI (milho a cada três anos). Os estoques de carbono orgânico total (COT), nitrogênio total (NT) e de C e N na matéria orgânica (MO) particulada (>53 µm) e associada aos minerais (<53 µm) foram determinados em 0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm. O sistema semiperene AL-MI apresentou os maiores estoques de COT e NT na camada de 0-20 cm (63,6 Mg ha-1 COT e 4,6 Mg ha-1 NT), com incrementos anuais de 0,23 Mg ha-1 COT e 0,03 Mg ha-1 NT, em relação ao sistema TR-SO. O sistema AL-MI também teve os maiores estoques de C e N na MO particulada nessa camada (12,5 e 0,91 Mg ha-1, respectivamente), por causa da maior adição de fitomassa pelas raízes e a proteção física dos resíduos orgânicos. Os menores estoques de COT e NT na camada 0-20 cm ocorreram no sistema ER-MI-TR-SO (57,8 Mg ha-1 COT e 4,03 Mg ha-1 NT), sem apresentar incremento anual em relação ao sistema TR-SO. Os estoques de C e N na MO particulada foram de 10,4 e 0,67 Mg ha-1, respectivamente. Essa tendência repetiu-se para as camadas individuais, com diferença significativa entre os sistemas na camada de 0-5 cm e não significativa, para as de 5-10 e 10-20 cm. Na média dos sistemas, a MO particulada contribuiu em torno de 30 % para o estoque total de C na camada 0-5 cm. Rotação de culturas com espécies que tenham sistema radicular ativo por mais tempo, como o sistema semiperene AL-MI, tem potencial de incrementar o estoque total de C e N, especialmente da fração MO particulada, proporcionando funcionalidade ao solo e, consequentemente, qualidade.
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McNeill, Eoghan, Adam J. Toth, Niall Ramsbottom, and Mark J. Campbell. "Self-modelled versus skilled-peer modelled AO+MI effects on skilled sensorimotor performance." Psychology of Sport and Exercise 49 (July 2020): 101683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101683.
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De Witte, Benjamin, Franck Di Rienzo, Xavier Martin, Ye Haixia, Christian Collet, and Nady Hoyek. "Implementing Cognitive Training Into a Surgical Skill Course: A Pilot Study on Laparoscopic Suturing and Knot Tying." Surgical Innovation 25, no. 6 (September 15, 2018): 625–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1553350618800148.
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Mini-invasive surgery—for example, laparoscopy—has challenged surgeons’ skills by extending their usual haptic space and displaying indirect visual feedback through a screen. This may require new mental abilities, including spatial orientation and mental representation. This study aimed to test the effect of cognitive training based on motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) on surgical skills. A total of 28 postgraduate residents in surgery took part in our study and were randomly distributed into 1 of the 3 following groups: (1) the basic surgical skill, which is a short 2-day laparoscopic course + MI + AO group; (2) the basic surgical skill group; and (3) the control group. The MI + AO group underwent additional cognitive training, whereas the basic surgical skill group performed neutral activity during the same time. The laparoscopic suturing and knot tying performance as well as spatial ability and mental workload were assessed before and after the training period. We did not observe an effect of cognitive training on the laparoscopic performance. However, the basic surgical skill group significantly improved spatial orientation performance and rated lower mental workload, whereas the 2 others exhibited lower performance in a mental rotation test. Thus, actual and cognitive training pooled together during a short training period elicited too high a strain, thus limiting potential improvements. Because MI and AO already showed positive outcomes on surgical skills, this issue may, thus, be mitigated according to our specific learning conditions. Distributed learning may possibly better divide and share the strain associated with new surgical skills learning.
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Onorato, Eustaquio Maria, Francesco Alamanni, Manuela Muratori, Grzegorz Smolka, Wojtek Wojakowski, Piotr Pysz, Aleksejus Zorinas, et al. "Safety, Efficacy and Long-Term Outcomes of Patients Treated with the Occlutech Paravalvular Leak Device for Significant Paravalvular Regurgitation." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11071978.
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Between December 2014 and March 2021, 144 patients with aortic (Ao) or mitral (Mi) paravalvular leaks (PVLs) were enrolled at 21 sites in 10 countries. Safety data were available for 137 patients, who were included in the safety analysis fraction (SAF), 93 patients with Mi PVLs and 44 patients with Ao PVLs. The full analysis set (FAS) comprised 112 patients with available stratum (aortic/mitral leak) as well as baseline (BL), 180-day or later assessments (2 years). Procedural success (implantation of the device with a proper closure of the PVL, defined as reduction in paravalvular regurgitation of ≥one grade as assessed by echocardiography post implantation) was achieved in 91.3% of FAS patients with Mi PVLs and in 90.0% of those with Ao PVLs. The proportion of patients suffering from significant or severe heart failure (HF), classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV, decreased from 80% at baseline to 14.1% at 2-year follow-up (FAS). The proportion of FAS patients needing hemolysis-related blood transfusion decreased from 35.5% to 3.8% and from 8.1% to 0% in Mi patients and Ao patients, respectively. In total, 35 serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported in 27 patients (19.7%) of the SAF population. The SAEs considered possibly or probably related to the device included device embolization (three patients), residual leak (two patients) and vascular complication (one patient). During follow-up, 12/137 (8.8%) patients died, but none of the deaths was considered to be device-related. Patients implanted with the Occlutech Paravalvular Leak Device (PLD) showed long-lasting improvements in clinical parameters, including NYHA class and a reduced dependency on hemolysis-related blood transfusions.
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Santos, João Barberino, Fátima dos Santos, and Vanize Macêdo. "Variação da densidade anofélica com o uso de mosquiteiros impregnados com deltametrina em uma área endêmica de malária na Amazônia Brasileira." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 15, no. 2 (April 1999): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1999000200013.
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Em 1992, foi realizado um ensaio de campo com mosquiteiros impregnados com deltametrina, em uma área endêmica de malária no Município de Costa Marques, Rondônia. No período de baixa transmissão, os mosquiteiros impregnados (MI) diminuíram a densidade vetorial no intradomicílio, de modo semelhante, porém, aos mosquiteiros não impregnados (NI) na maioria das avaliações-controle. Por outro lado, na época de alta transmissão, os MI provocaram diminuição significante da média horária de anofelinos capturados, ao passo que, nas casas com NI, verificou-se aumento do número de mosquitos capturados. No peridomicílio, em geral, não houve diferença do número de anofelinos capturados entre MI e NI. No grupo MI, a espécie mais capturada foi o An. darlingi (63,2%), mais freqüente no peridomicílio, seguida pelo An. deaneorum (35,3%), mais freqüente no intradomicílio. Os MI diminuíram a densidade vetorial no intradomicílio pelo efeito excito-repelente, sem diminuí-la, contudo, no peridomicílio.
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Porolnik, Glauber Valentim, Paulo Alberto Lovatto, Carlos Augusto Rigon Rossi, Cheila Roberta Lehnen, Gerson Guarez Garcia, and Ines Andretta. "Produção de suínos inteiros com ou sem a suplementação de aminoácidos: desempenho e custo de alimento." Ciência Rural 42, no. 2 (February 2012): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782012000200024.
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Um experimento foi realizado para avaliar o desempenho e o custo do alimento de suínos machos castrados e inteiros suplementados ou não com aminoácidos. Foram utilizados 48 animais com peso vivo inicial de 38,8±0,2kg, distribuídos num delineamento de blocos ao acaso em três tratamentos, sendo machos castrados (MC), machos inteiros (MI) e MI suplementados com 5% de aminoácidos (MI+5%AA). Não houve efeito (P>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre o peso vivo e o ganho de peso dos suínos. O consumo de ração, a conversão alimentar e o custo do alimento diferiram (P<0,05) entre os tratamentos. O consumo médio de ração foi de 2,43kg, sendo que os MC apresentaram consumo superior (P<0,05) em 5,5 e 5,2% em relação aos MI e aos MI+5%AA, respectivamente. A conversão alimentar média foi 2,28; sendo que os MC apresentaram pior conversão (P<0,05) em 6,2 e 11,6% em relação aos MI e aos MI+5%AA, respectivamente. O custo médio do alimento foi de R$ 1,82 kg-1, sendo superior (P<0,05) para os MC em relação aos MI e MI +5%AA. O tipo sexual do macho (castrado ou inteiro) e a suplementação aminoacídica não afetam o peso vivo e o ganho de peso, mas alteram o consumo de ração, a conversão alimentar e o custo de alimento.
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Otani, Márcia Aparecida Padovan, and Nelson Filice de Barros. "A Medicina Integrativa e a construção de um novo modelo na saúde." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 16, no. 3 (March 2011): 1801–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232011000300016.
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Medicina Integrativa (MI) é o conceito mais recente no debate das Medicinas Alternativas e Complementares (MAC), em busca do modelo que viabilize introdução e gerenciamento de novas práticas nos sistemas nacionais de saúde. Este artigo analisou diferentes definições de MI e sua relação com as MAC, por meio de revisão sistemática da literatura no Medline, no período de 1996 a 2005. Foram utilizadas as palavras Integrative Medicine e selecionados 36 trabalhos que apresentaram definição de MI. Identificou-se que as MAC são parte da MI, e as definições abrangem: integração da medicina convencional com as MAC; utilização de evidências; combinação de antigos sistemas de cura com a biomedicina; valorização do relacionamento médico-paciente e da comunicação; consideração da pessoa por inteiro; e enfoque na saúde, na cura e na prevenção de doenças. Conclui-se que o crescente interesse de usuários, profissionais e gestores aponta a necessidade do desenvolvimento do modelo de MI, dando suporte à implementação e ao gerenciamento de novas práticas de cuidado e cura.
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Burgrever, Juliano Cassio, Felipe Fernandes De Freitas, Thainara Aparecida Ferrari Fistarol, Fábio Bezerra De Araújo, and Getúlio De Freitas Seben Júnior. "PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS INDICADORAS DA QUALIDADE DO SOLO SOB SISTEMAS DE MANEJO - ALTA FLORESTA." Revista Científica Rural 21, no. 2 (August 2, 2019): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30945/rcr-v21i2.361.
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A avaliação dos atributos físicos do solo é importante para o entendimento dos impactos da produtividade agropecuária. Neste contexto, este estudo objetivou avaliar as propriedades físicas do solo sob pastagem (PA), mata nativa (MN) e reflorestamento (RF). Amostras de solo foram coletadas na camada de 0,0 – 0,10 m de profundidade, para a determinação da densidade do solo (DS), densidade de partículas (DP), porosidade total (PT), macro (MA) e microporosidade (MI) e índice de estabilidade de agregados em água (IEA). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (Teste F) e, quando significativos, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey (α = 0,05). A PA proporcionou ao solo os maiores valores de DS, os menores valores de PT e a MA e não diferiu quanto ao IEA, em comparação ao solo sob MN. A MI não foi afetada pelos sistemas de uso. Verificou-se que a falta de manejo das pastagens resulta na degradação da qualidade física do solo.
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Lin, Chi-Hsian, Frank J. H. Lu, Diane L. Gill, Ken Shih-Kuei Huang, Shu-Ching Wu, and Yi-Hsiang Chiu. "Combinations of action observation and motor imagery on golf putting’s performance." PeerJ 10 (May 11, 2022): e13432. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13432.
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Motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) have been found to enhance motor performance, but recent research found that a combination of action observation and motor imagery (AOMI) together is even better. Despite this initial finding, the most effective way to combine them is unknown. The present study examined the effects of synchronized (i e., concurrently doing AO and MI), asynchronised (i.e., first doing AO then MI), and progressive (first asynchronised approach, then doing synchronized approach) AOMI on golf putting performance and learning. We recruited 45 university students (Mage = 20.18 + 1.32 years; males = 23, females = 22) and randomly assigned them into the following four groups: synchronized group (S-AOMI), asynchronised group (A-AOMI), progressive group (A-S-AOMI), and a control group with a pre-post research design. Participants engaged in a 6-week (three times/per-week) intervention, plus two retention tests. A two-way (group × time) mixed ANOVA statistical analysis found that the three experimental groups performed better than the control group after intervention. However, we found progressive and asynchronised had better golf putting scores than synchronized group and the control group on the retention tests. Our results advance knowledge in AOMI research, but it needs more research to reveal the best way of combining AOMI in the future. Theoretical implications, limitations, applications, and future suggestions are also discussed.
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Almeida, Leandro S., Mercedes Ferrando, Aristides I. Ferreira, Maria Dolores Prieto, Mari Carmen Fernández, and Marta Sainz. "Inteligências múltiplas de Gardner: É possível pensar a inteligência sem um factor g?" Psychologica, no. 50 (January 1, 2009): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8606_50_3.
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Em resposta às críticas de falta de inovação no método dos testes e de pouca atenção às variáveis sócio-culturais na avaliação da inteligência, Gardner (1983, 1999) avança com a teoria das Inteligências Múltiplas (MI) e com tarefas mais ecológicas e próximas do quotidiano dos sujeitos para a sua avaliação. No quadro do Projecto Spectrum, várias tarefas são propostas para a avaliação das MI, considerando-se neste estudo 6 tarefas cobrindo outras tantas inteligências: naturalística, linguístico-verbal, corporal-cinestésica, visuo-espacial, musical e lógico-matemática. Um total de 294 crianças entre os 5 e os 7 anos foram avaliadas com essas tarefas. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que, se ao nível da precisão, os índices de consistência interna podem ser considerados apropriados, já em relação à validade de constructo subsistem as reservas colocadas ao modelo teórico de Gardner. Com efeito, e ao contrário das posições de Gardner é defensável um factor geral, mesmo não explicando mais que 40% da variância dos resultados, e por outro lado não emergem neste estudo factores que pudessem agrupar algumas destas inteligências, como é proposto mais recentemente por Gardner.
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Valle, Vanice Lírio do. "Mandado de injunção, um enredo em andamento – Seis personagens à procura de um autor." A&C - Revista de Direito Administrativo & Constitucional 13, no. 51 (January 15, 2013): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.21056/aec.v13i51.147.
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A mudança de orientação da jurisprudência da Suprema Corte em relação ao mandado de injunção, com a decisão dos MI`s 670, 708 e 712, apresentou-se como uma solução definitiva ao tormentoso problema da inércia legislativa, quando se cuidasse de direitos fundamentais. Os casos que na sequencia se apresentaram à Corte – especialmente os recentes MI`s 943, 1010, 1074 e 1090 – em verdade, evidenciaram que os precedentes anteriores devem ser vistos como o primeiro ato de uma peça ainda em andamento, que está em verdade, longe de seu pano final. Esse artigo apresenta seis aspectos que a recente jurisprudência da Corte ainda está por elaborar sob a perspectiva teórica – o que leva a uma incompletude ainda da teoria constitucional no que toca ao controle da omissão legislativa que bloqueia a efetividade da Constituição. Esses seis temas, embora ignorados pela Corte, encontram-se presentes nos casos trazidos à consideração em judicial review, e tal qual na peça de Pirandello, são como personagens à procura de um autor – alguém que possa trazê-los à vida no universo da adjudicação constitucional.
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Silva, Camily Ingrid Araújo, Cristiane Barreto Andrade Ferreira, Julieta Mendes Medeiros Facundes, Laryssa Cristhina Cassimiro Evangelista, Letícia Cristina Araújo Lima, Maria Cristina Martins Moraes, Silvia Mara Martins, and Luiz Fernando Alves dos Reis. "ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE A MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL E A DOENÇA DE PARKINSON." Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51891/rease.v7i11.3088.
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A Microbiota Intestinal (MI) é caracterizada pela presença de microrganismos que habitam dentro do trato gastrointestinal, contendo vírus, fungos, bactérias e protozoários. A disbiose da MI é um fator que contribui para o desenvolvimento da doença de Parkinson (DP) devido a ligação do eixo cérebro-intestino-microbiota, através do nervo vago. A doença de Parkinson é caracterizada por distúrbios neurológicos, degenerativo e progressivo. Uma vez que inibe a capacidade de sintetizar neurotransmissores levando ao aparecimento dos corpos de Lewy, cuja composição é formada pela proteína alfa-sinucleína em sua forma tóxica. Conforme seu avanço ela se torna cada vez mais incapacitante, comprometendo a realização de atividades diárias. Sendo necessário recorrer a medidas preventivas, em função da recomposição da MI e prevenção da disbiose. Através da utilização de prebióticos e probióticos.
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Brito, Maria Fabiana de, Bruno Patrício Tsujigushi, Auro Akio Otsubo, Rogério Ferreira da Silva, and Fábio Martins Mercante. "Diversidade da fauna edáfica e epigeica de invertebrados em consórcio de mandioca com adubos verdes." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 51, no. 3 (March 2016): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2016000300007.
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a densidade e a diversidade da fauna epigeica e edáfica de invertebrados em cultivos de mandioca consorciada com adubos verdes. O estudo foi realizado em cultivos de mandioca (M) em consórcios com feijão-de-porco (FP), milheto (MI) e guandu-anão (G), em comparação ao cultivo de mandioca tradicional (ST), sem a presença de adubos verdes. Os invertebrados epigeicos foram coletados com armadilhas de queda (pitfall) e os edáficos foram coletados de monólitos de solo. Entre os invertebrados epigeicos, os grupos Collembola, Diptera e Formicidae predominaram em todos os consórcios, tendo sido mais de 80% da frequência relativa total (FR), enquanto entre os edáficos predominou o grupo Isoptera em todos os consórcios, com maior FR no M+G (90,2%), seguida por M+FP (83,1%) e M+MI (65,6%), e a menor FR ocorreu no ST (32%). O número de indivíduos epigeicos não variou entre os consórcios, mas o número de grupos de organismos variou significativamente. O sistema de consórcio M+MI apresentou a maior riqueza de grupos. A densidade total da fauna edáfica diferiu entre os consórcios e foi superior no M+G, em comparação ao ST. Os invertebrados epigeicos e edáficos respondem com o aumento de diversidade às alterações proporcionadas pelos consórcios com a mandioca.
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Monteagudo Romero, Henrique. "Os pronomes tónicos oblicuos libres min e mí nos cancioneiros trobadorescos." Revista Galega de Filoloxía 20 (December 31, 2019): 91–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/rgf.2019.20.0.5921.
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Como é sabido, ao lado dunha serie de formas átonas, no galego-portugués o pronome persoal de primeira persoa dispuña das formas tónicas oblicuas min e mí, que podían exercer as funcións de complemento directo e indirecto, ben rexidas pola preposición a ou ben sen preposición. Nos cancioneiros, as formas átonas poden aparecer representadas como <me>, <mi> e <m> en A e como <me>, <mi>, <mh> ou <m> en B /V, mentres que as formas tónicas aparecen como <mi>, <mỹ> <mĩ> ou <min> en A, e como <mi>, <mĩ>, <mj>, <mj͂>, <min> ou <mjn> en B / V. A diversidade de grafías e a ambigüidade dalgunhas delas deron lugar a frecuentes confusións sobre o sistema pronominal oblicuo de primeira persoa e sobre a interpretación precisa dalgunhas ocorrencias. No presente contributo concentrarémonos nos problemas referentes ás formas min e mí oblicuas tónicas libres, isto é, sen preposición.
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Souza, W. J. O., and W. J. Melo. "Matéria orgânica em um Latossolo submetido a diferentes sistemas de produção de milho." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 27, no. 6 (December 2003): 1113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832003000600016.
Full textAbstract:
Com objetivo de avaliar o efeito de sistemas de produção sobre a dinâmica do carbono no solo e nas frações da matéria orgânica, durante seis anos, em Jaboticabal (SP), foram testados diferentes tratamentos, a saber: semeadura convencional de milho com pousio no inverno (C-Mi-P), plantio direto de milho e pousio no inverno (D-Mi-P), convencional de milho em rotação com soja e pousio no inverno (C-Mi-P-So), plantio direto de milho em rotação com soja e pousio no inverno (D-Mi-P-So) e plantio direto de milho com uso de Mucuna aterrina (mucuna preta), Cajanus cajan (feijão guandu) e Crotalaria juncea no inverno (D-Mi-Mu, D-Mi-Gu e D-Mi-Cr) em delineamento de blocos ao acaso e parcelas subdivididas. Após 60 dias da emergência das plântulas, coletaram-se amostras de solo a diferentes profundidades (0-0,05, 0,05-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m). Avaliaram-se nas amostras os teores de C orgânico (CO) e C total nas frações: matérias húmicas (MH), solúvel em água (SA), ácido fúlvico (AF), ácido húmico (AH) e humina (HN) com dados expressos em base de terra seca em estufa (TSE). O uso do sistema plantio direto com pousio e o cultivo de leguminosas no inverno (mucuna preta e feijão guandu) foram os que apresentaram maiores valores de CO e C-HN na camada de 0-0,05 m. O tratamento C-Mi-P-So mostrou o maior valor de C-SA na camada de 0,05-0,10 m. Quanto aos teores de C-MH, os tratamentos C-Mi-P-So e D-Mi-P-So foram os que apresentaram os maiores valores nas camadas superficiais. O plantio direto de milho em monocultura e sucessão com leguminosas (mucuna preta e feijão guandu) parecem ter favorecido dois processos: migração de AF para as camadas mais profundas, reduzindo os valores de MH nas camadas superficiais do solo, e interconversões de AF em AH mais rápidas.
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Bastos, Thiago Souza Azeredo, Guido Fontgalland Coelho Linhares, and Darling Melany de Carvalho Madrid. "IDENTIFICAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA DE FLEBOTOMÍNEOS CAPTURADOS EM ÁREA URBANA." Ciência Animal Brasileira 17, no. 3 (September 2016): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1089-6891v17i332179.
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Resumo Flebotomíneos tem considerável importância na transmissão de agentes etiológicos de doenças tais como bartonelose, arboviroses e especialmente a leishmaniose visceral e leishmaniose tegumentar americana, enfermidades presentes na cidade de Goiás. Com o objetivo de se identificar a população de flebotomíneos nesta localidade, foram realizadas capturas desses insetos na área urbana da cidade de Goiás. As armadilhas CDC foram posicionadas ao longo de toda área urbana, entre setembro de 2012 e agosto de 2013, no último final de semana de cada mês, repetidamente por três noites seguidas. Além da captura de insetos, foram coletados dados de umidade, precipitação e temperatura. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e analisados pela correlação de Pearson ao nível de significância de 5%. Foram coletados 342 flebotomíneos, pertencentes a oito espécies: Lutzomyia longipalpis, Nyssomyia whitmani, Nyssomyia intermedia, Evandromyia lenti, Psathyromyia shannoni, Micropygomyia peresi, Evandromyia bacula e Micropygomyia goiana. Este é o primeiro registro de Ev. bacula, Mi. peresi e Mi. goiana para a cidade de Goiás.
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Barros, Ana Angélica Monteiro de, and Vitor Amorim Moreira de Azevedo. "IYÁ MI OXORONGÁ: OLHARES SAGRADOS DO FEMININO NO CANDOMBLÉ." Ethnoscientia - Brazilian Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnoecology 6, no. 2 (May 7, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.18542/ethnoscientia.v6i2.10369.
Full textAbstract:
A figura feminina detém uma força misteriosa que provoca, até os dias de hoje, fascínio e medo, características que estão intrinsecamente associadas às Iyá Mi Oxorongá, que são divindades que chegaram ao Brasil por meio da diáspora espiritual africana. Neste trabalho, pretende-se estabelecer a relação do culto das Iyá Mi com o matriarcado e o poder feminino no candomblé, buscando compreender o papel social e sagrado das sacerdotisas nos espaços religiosos, além de ratificar o protagonismo feminino nessa religião afro-brasileira. A abordagem qualitativa foi adotada para se discutir os mitos cosmogônicos de criação do mundo e da humanidade através das divindades Odudua e Obatalá. O referencial teórico se baseou na literatura especializada de livros e artigos buscados nas bases Google Scholar e SciElo. Essa análise foi complementada com a interpretação do mito que consta no primeiro verso do itan 204 do livro a “A Mitologia dos Orixás” de Reginaldo Prandi, que apresenta o arquétipo feminino das Iyá Mi Oxorongá, as Feiticeiras Ancestrais associadas à Odudua, a grande Mãe da Criação, e ao poder matriarcal das sacerdotisas do candomblé. Uma das versões do mito cosmogônico apresenta Odudua como a responsável por gestar o mundo usando a Igbá-Odu, a cabaça da existência, e a Obatalá de fazer surgir a humanidade. O culto a essas divindades é praticado no candomblé, onde Odudua está relacionada à ancestralidade feminina e a sua capacidade em gerenciar a vida e a morte. A análise desse mito permitiu mostrar essa simbologia vivenciada pelas Iyalorixás, mulheres que se destacam por assumir sua fé para manter unidos os elos das comunidades religiosas, que são espaços de resistência diante de uma sociedade culturalmente ocidentalizada e patriarcal. O mito das Iyá Mi está intimamente conectado a essa questão, ressaltando o olhar sagrado do poder feminino relacionado à condição de ser mulher.
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Souza, Caroline Battistello Cavalheiro de, and Bruno Lenzi. "Estudante e aprendizagem: relações mutualmente construídas." Nova Perspectiva Sistêmica 27, no. 62 (February 9, 2019): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.38034/nps.v27i62.447.
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Motivados pelo sofrimento e transformação de uma cliente ao longo do processo terapêutico, este artigo apresenta reflexões resultantes de um estudo de caso sócio construcionista acerca dos significados atribuídos às “dificuldades de aprendizagem” para uma estudante de 15 anos. A pesquisa utilizou como caminho metodológico relatos da estudante, entrevista se-mi-estruturada e reflexões da autora/ terapeuta. Percebemos que ao longo das nossas conver-sações os significados atribuídos ao TDAH transformaram-se, pois já não tinham peso de “dificuldades”. Uma nova forma de relacionamento com o entorno educacional foi construída, uma que presa pela singularidade e responsabilidade relacional.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.21452/2594-43632018v27n62a05
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Bertolino, Karina Mendes, Giuliana Rayane Barbosa Duarte, Gustavo Maldini Penna de Valadares e. Vasconcelos, Élberis Pereira Botrel, and Fábio Aurélio Dias Martins. "Produção de biomassa e cobertura do solo pelo consórcio de crotalária e milheto e sua influência em propriedades físicas dos solo." ForScience 9, no. 2 (July 27, 2021): e00931. http://dx.doi.org/10.29069/forscience.2021v9n2.e931.
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O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a cobertura do solo proporcionada pela crotalária e milheto consorciados em diferentes proporções, bem como seus efeitos na qualidade física do solo. A instalação do experimento obedeceu ao delineamento em blocos casualizados. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de crotalária (Crotalaria spectabilis ) (CR) e milheto (Pennisetum glaucum L. ) (MI) consorciados em diferentes proporções de semeadura, totalizando seis tratamentos: 100% CR (crotalária solteira); 80% CR + 20% MI; 60% CR + 40% MI; 40% CR + 60% MI; 20% CR + 80% MI; 100% MI (milheto solteiro), com quatro repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram a biomassa seca aos 118 dias após a semeadura, a porcentagem de cobertura do solo e umidade do solo aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após o manejo das plantas, a resistência a penetração até 40 cm e densidade do solo na camada de 0-10. Aos 118 dias após a semeadura, a crotalária, o milheto e seus consórcios produziram quantidade de biomassa seca suficiente para promover a cobertura do solo de em média 77% até os 120 dias após o manejo das plantas, contudo não foram capazes de promover diferenças nos atributos físicos do solo. Palavras-chave: Física do solo. Palhada. Sistema de plantas de cobertura. Biomass production and soil coverage by the crotalary and millette consortium and its influence on physical properties AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate the soil cover provided by crotalaria and millet intercropped in different proportions, as well as their effects on the physical quality of the soil. The installation of the experiment followed the randomized block design. The treatments consisted of crotalary (Crotalaria spectabilis) (CR) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) (MI) intercropped in different sowing proportions, totaling 6 treatments: 100% CR (single crotalary); 80% CR + 20% MI; 60% CR + 40% MI; 40% CR + 60% MI; 20% CR + 80% MI; 100% MI (single millet), with 4 repetitions. The variables evaluated were dry biomass at 118 days after sowing, the percentage of soil cover and soil moisture at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after plant management, the resistance to penetration up to 40 cm and soil density in the 0-10 layer. At 118 days after sowing the crotalary, the millet and their intercropping produced enough dry biomass to promote an average 77% soil cover until 120 days after plant management, however, they were unable to promote differences in the physical attributes of the soil. Keywords: Soil physics. Straw. Cover plants system.
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Montijo, César Colon. "Mi Jaragual: Masculinidade precária,soberania e farmacolonialidade aural na salsa de Ismael “Maelo” Rivera." Revista ECO-Pós 23, no. 1 (August 8, 2020): 81–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.29146/eco-pos.v23i1.27544.
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O cantor afro-porto-riquenho Ismael 'Maelo' Rivera (1931-1987) incluiu a sua versão da música "Mi jaragual" em seu álbum intitulado Vengo por la maceta (1973). Essa música pinta um retrato familiar no qual a vida camponesa, a propriedade da terra e a mulher se tornam formas de exercer uma soberania heteropatriarcal fundamentada em ideias românticas sobre nação, família e masculinidade. Este ensaio propõe uma escuta crítica desse retrato patriarcal cantado em “Mi Jaragual”, tomando-o não como um deslize, mas como uma reafirmação do homem ou do masculino como o parâmetro do que significa ser humano. Reafirmação que se dá mesmo quando se trata de homens cujas vidas precárias são também objetos da violência colonial. Proponho escutar a utopia camponesa cantada por Maelo em “Mi Jaragual” como expressão de masculinidades precárias que reenfatizam a violência patriarcal contra as mulheres e, ao mesmo tempo, como reafirmação legítima da soberania no contexto colonial porto-riquenho.
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Amaral, Josária Ferraz, Eliane Aparecida de Castro, Leonice Aparecida Doimo, Marcus Vinicius da Silva, and José Marques Novo Júnior. "Mudanças no desenvolvimento temporal da força em mulheres de diferentes faixas etárias." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 21, no. 1 (February 2015): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-86922015210101767.
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INTRODUÇÃO: redução na força e na velocidade da contração muscular são duas das maiores causas de debilidade funcional em idosos.OBJETIVO: analisar as mudanças relacionadas à idade no desenvolvimento temporal da força de preensão manual e dos extensores do joelho em mulheres.MÉTODOS: a amostra foi constituída por 52 mulheres subdivididas em três grupos (JO. n=24, 25,2±3,7 anos; MI. n=13, 58±4,2 anos; ID. n=15, 71,3±3,9 anos). Os testes realizados foram o de preensão manual e o de extensão do joelho. Foram executadas três tentativas de esforço isométrico máximo em cada teste, e a curva com o valor máximo de força foi selecionada para análise por meio de um algoritmo desenvolvido em linguagem Matlab(r). A massa livre de gordura (MLG) foi avaliada por meio da absortometria radiológica de dupla energia.RESULTADOS: foram observados entre os grupos valores semelhantes de força (p=0,831) e MLG do membro superior (p=0,207). A taxa de desenvolvimento da força (TDF) foi menor nos intervalos iniciais da contração muscular (0-50 e 0-100ms) nos grupos MI (p=0,005 e p=0,000, para 50ms e 100ms, respectivamente) e ID (p=0,003 e p=0,000, para 50ms e 100ms, respectivamente). A MLG e a força do membro inferior foram menores nos grupos MI (p=0,006, p=0,014, respectivamente) e ID (p<0,000, p=0,000, respectivamente) em comparação ao JO. Já a TDF dos extensores do joelho foi semelhante no grupo MI (p>0,05), porém, menor no grupo ID (p<0,05) em comparação ao JO, em todos os intervalos analisados.CONCLUSÃO: os resultados deste estudo sugerem que os grupos musculares dos membros superiores e inferiores possam ser afetados em diferentes magnitudes pelo envelhecimento. As diferenças entre os membros podem estar relacionadas à quantidade e qualidade das atividades físicas realizadas.
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Da-Silva, Vagner Lopes, Jeferson Dieckow, José Elias Mellek, Rudimar Molin, Nerilde Favaretto, Volnei Pauletti, and Fabiane Machado Vezzani. "Melhoria da estrutura de um latossolo por sistemas de culturas em plantio direto nos Campos Gerais do Paraná." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 36, no. 3 (June 2012): 983–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832012000300028.
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O plantio direto de qualidade depende de um manejo adequado do solo que promova melhorias em sua estrutura. Isso está associado ao sistema de culturas adotado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a contribuição de sistemas de culturas de longo prazo (18 anos) na qualidade estrutural de um Latossolo Vermelho mesoférrico argiloso sob plantio direto nos Campos Gerais do Paraná. Foram avaliados cinco sistemas de culturas: trigo-soja [Tr-So]; aveia-milho-trigo-soja [Av-Mi-Tr-So]; ervilhaca-milho-trigo-soja [Er-Mi-Tr-So]; azevém-milho-azevém-soja [Az-Mi-Az-So]; e alfafa-milho [Alf-Mi]. Amostras de solo foram coletadas nas camadas de 0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm, em anéis volumétricos e em blocos com estrutura preservada. Na camada de 0-5 cm, as menores densidades de solo tenderam a ocorrer nos sistemas Av-Mi-Tr-So (0,96 Mg m-3) e Er-Mi-Tr-So (0,93 Mg m-3). Nas camadas de 5-10 e 10-20 cm, as menores densidades de solo ocorreram no sistema Alf-Mi (1,14 e 1,17 Mg m-3, respectivamente). Tendência coerente foi observada para a macroporosidade, que na camada superficial foi maior nos sistemas Av-Mi-Tr-So (0,29 m³ m-3) e Er-Mi-Tr-So (0,30 m³ m-3) e, nas camadas de 5-10 e 10-20 cm, tendeu a ser maior no sistema Alf-Mi (0,19 m³ m-3). A microporosidade não apresentou tendência clara entre os sistemas. A condutividade hidráulica saturada teve relação direta com a macroporosidade, com Er-Mi-Tr-So apresentando o maior valor na camada de 0-5 cm (224 mm h-1) e Alf-Mi nas camadas de 5-10 (170 mm h-1) e 10-20 cm (147 mm h-1). O sistema Er-Mi-Tr-So apresentou o menor diâmetro médio ponderado úmido de agregados na camada de 0-5 cm (2,39 mm), e o Tr-So, o maior (3,04 mm). Os maiores valores de resistência mecânica do solo à penetração foram observados no sistema Tr-So, superando 1,5 MPa na camada de 7,5 a 22,5 cm de profundidade. O sistema Alf-Mi apresentou o menor grau de compactação (0,2 MPa cm). Os resultados são atribuídos, principalmente, à ação das raízes das espécies que constituem os sistemas de culturas e à intensidade de tráfego de máquinas em cada sistema. Considerando a camada de 0-20 cm como um todo, o sistema semiperene Alf-Mi possui maior capacidade de promover melhorias na qualidade estrutural do solo, em comparação aos sistemas baseados em cultivos de espécies anuais. Sistemas bianuais de rotação, baseados em plantas de cobertura como aveia-preta ou ervilhaca, promovem melhorias na qualidade estrutural do solo em relação à sucessão trigo-soja.
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González-Zamorano, Yeray, Josué Fernández-Carnero, Francisco José Sánchez-Cuesta, Aida Arroyo-Ferrer, Athanasios Vourvopoulos, Patricia Figueiredo, José Ignacio Serrano, and Juan Pablo Romero. "New Approaches Based on Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Mental Representation Techniques Targeting Pain in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: Two Study Protocols for Two Randomized Controlled Trials." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010065.
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Pain is an under-reported but prevalent symptom in Parkinson’s Disease (PD), impacting patients’ quality of life. Both pain and PD conditions cause cortical excitability reduction and non-invasive brain stimulation. Mental representation techniques are thought to be able to counteract it, also resulting effectively in chronic pain conditions. We aim to conduct two independent studies in order to evaluate the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and mental representation protocol in the management of pain in PD patients during the ON state: (1) tDCS over the Primary Motor Cortex (M1); and (2) Action Observation (AO) and Motor Imagery (MI) training through a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) using Virtual Reality (AO + MI-BCI). Both studies will include 32 subjects in a longitudinal prospective parallel randomized controlled trial design under different blinding conditions. The main outcomes will be score changes in King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Scale, Brief Pain Inventory, Temporal Summation, Conditioned Pain Modulation, and Pain Pressure Threshold. Assessment will be performed pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 15 days post-intervention, in both ON and OFF states.
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Barros, Ana Angélica Monteiro de, and Vitor Amorim Moreira de Azevedo. "IYÁ MI OXORONGÁ: OLHARES SAGRADOS DO FEMININO NO CANDOMBLÉ." Ethnoscientia 6, no. 2 (March 21, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.22276/ethnoscientia.v6i2.396.
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<p>A figura feminina detém uma força misteriosa que provoca, até os dias de hoje, fascínio e medo, características que estão intrinsecamente associadas às Iyá Mi Oxorongá, que são divindades que chegaram ao Brasil por meio da diáspora espiritual africana. Neste trabalho, pretende-se estabelecer a relação do culto das Iyá Mi com o matriarcado e o poder feminino no candomblé, buscando compreender o papel social e sagrado das sacerdotisas nos espaços religiosos, além de ratificar o protagonismo feminino nessa religião afro-brasileira. A abordagem qualitativa foi adotada para se discutir os mitos cosmogônicos de criação do mundo e da humanidade através das divindades Odudua e Obatalá. O referencial teórico se baseou na literatura especializada de livros e artigos buscados nas bases Google Scholar e SciElo. Essa análise foi complementada com a interpretação do mito que consta no primeiro verso do itan 204 do livro a “A Mitologia dos Orixás” de Reginaldo Prandi, que apresenta o arquétipo feminino das Iyá Mi Oxorongá, as Feiticeiras Ancestrais associadas à Odudua, a grande Mãe da Criação, e ao poder matriarcal das sacerdotisas do candomblé. Uma das versões do mito cosmogônico apresenta Odudua como a responsável por gestar o mundo usando a <em>Igbá-Odu</em>, a cabaça da existência, e a Obatalá de fazer surgir a humanidade. O culto a essas divindades é praticado no candomblé, onde Odudua está relacionada à ancestralidade feminina e a sua capacidade em gerenciar a vida e a morte. A análise desse mito permitiu mostrar essa simbologia vivenciada pelas Iyalorixás, mulheres que se destacam por assumir sua fé para manter unidos os elos das comunidades religiosas, que são espaços de resistência diante de uma sociedade culturalmente ocidentalizada e patriarcal. O mito das Iyá Mi está intimamente conectado a essa questão, ressaltando o olhar sagrado do poder feminino relacionado à condição de ser mulher.</p>
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Prado, Samanta Do, Luciana De Souza Gracioso, and Luzia Sigoli Fernandes Costa. "O papel da memória institucional para a gestão universitária: contribuições para a consolidação da UMMA na UFSCar." Informação & Informação 24, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1981-8920.2019v24n3p409.
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Introdução: Este trabalho propõe possíveis relações entre a gestão universitária e a memória. Mais especificamente, ressalta a constribuição da Memória Insititucional (MI) como um elemento relevante para sustentar ações de gestão. A Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), no contexto da consolidação de sua política de informação, comunicação e memória, cria, em 2017, a Unidade Multidisciplinar de Memória e Arquivo Histórico. Essa iniciativa exemplifica a valorização da salvaguarda da Memória Institucional por parte da gestão universitária. Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa é refletir sobre os elementos que possam subsidiar a identificação e a preservação da MI, tendo em vista a consolidação da UMMA na UFSCar. Metodologia: A metodologia adotada foi de caráter bibliográfico, documental e exploratória. Foram analisadas três tipos de fontes: (1) a literatura científica sobre a temática; (2) documentos institucionais da UFSCar relacionados à política de memória e à criação da UMMA; e (3) informações dos sites institucionais de um conjunto de universidades federais brasileiras, no que se refere à salvaguarda da MI. Resultados: Como principais elementos, foram identificados: nomenclatura, vínculo e coleções. As iniciativas identificadas possuem nomenclaturas distintas, e estão vinculadas a diferentes setores das universidades. As coleções ligadas à MI são variadas em formato e suporte. Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos ilustram possíveis contribuições para a consolidação da UMMA, bem como desta enquanto referência para outras universidades, demonstrando como a salvaguarda da MI pode contribuir para a criação de estratégias vinculadas ao desenvolvimento da instituição.
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Calel, Edgar, and Sebastián Eduardo Dávila. "Memoria del movimiento (ensaio visual)." POIÉSIS 21, no. 35 (January 1, 2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/poiesis.v21i35.40414.
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Edgar Calel (1987) é um artista Maya kaqchikel da Guatemala. Sua prática artística, pautada pela mobilidade e pelo movimento, lida com temas ligados à migração, ao deslocamento e ao retorno. Originário de Comalapa, Calel saiu de sua cidade natal para estudar arte, fazendo de sua vida uma jornada. Neste ensaio visual são apresentados registros de algumas séries como Yo vivo en ti, Tú vives en mi; B ́atz – tejido constelación de saberes; Ixim (Maíz); e Laberinto de los Pájaros. O ensaio se encerra com o texto Memoria del movimiento, de Sebastián Eduardo [Dávila].
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McNeill, Eoghan, Adam J. Toth, Niall Ramsbottom, and Mark J. Campbell. "Self-modelled versus skilled-peer modelled AO+MI effects on skilled sensorimotor performance: A stage 2 registered report." Psychology of Sport and Exercise 54 (May 2021): 101910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101910.
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McNeill, Eoghan, Niall Ramsbottom, Adam J. Toth, and Mark J. Campbell. "Kinaesthetic imagery ability moderates the effect of an AO+MI intervention on golf putt performance: A pilot study." Psychology of Sport and Exercise 46 (January 2020): 101610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101610.
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