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Stratford, Hannah Joy. "Anxiety and bipolar spectrum disorders : psychological treatments and mental imagery." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599903.
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Anxiety is a clinically significant feature of bipolar spectrum disorders [BP]. The. rate of anxiety symptoms and/or comorbid anxiety diagnoses is high, and it contributes to worse outcomes in a range of domains. There is an accumulation of evidence that psychological therapy is effective for anxiety, which is not so for BP. Mental imagery is implicated in the maintenance of anxiety and is a promising avenue of research in BP. A cognitive model of bipolar disorder posits that imagery is an emotional amplifier in mania and anxiety. Paper A presents a systematic review of the literature of psychological therapies for anxiety in BP. Twenty-two studies were identified, though no formal synthesis was possible. Preliminary data for CBT for obsessive compulsive disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder in a BP population are promising, and further research is warranted. Furthermore, the addition of an anxiety module to CBT for BP effectively reduces anxiety, and may have additional benefits in other domains. Pilot research applying other evidence-based CBT treatments for comorbid anxiety is indicated, as are RCTs for CBT for cyclothymia and rapid cycling BP. The addition of an anxiety module may Improve the effectiveness of psychological therapy for BP, further review and research is necessary to explore this. Paper B presents an empirical study, com paring imagery processes in adults with BP (currently euthymic), mixed anxiety disorders, and non-clinical controls. Genera imagery use, intrusive and deliberate prospective imagery, and characteristics of image ' during different mood states are explored. People with anxiety have high levels 0 general imagery use and intrusive prospective imagery. Unlike the clinical groups, the control group appears to have a bias against negative imagery in a deliberate prospective imagery task. Retrospective report of mental imagery during past low, anxious and high mood states gives partial support to the imagery as an emotional amplifier theory, and similarities between the clinical groups may illuminate the high rates of comorbidity. Future research is discussed.
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Kagan, Elana Rachel. "Targeting Parental Accommodation in the Treatment of Youth with Anxiety: A Comparison of Two Cognitive Behavioral Treatments." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/590292.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Parental accommodation refers to the ways in which a parent modifies his/her behavior to avoid or reduce the distress their child experiences. Parental accommodation of youth anxiety is common, and reduction in accommodation is associated with reduced anxiety after treatment. The current study evaluated the efficacy of an adapted cognitive-behavioral therapy program (CBT) designed to address parental accommodation (Accommodation Reduction Intervention; ARI). Sixty children and adolescents (age 7-17) and their parents were evaluated for youth anxiety and parental accommodation before and after 16 weeks of treatment. Thirty youth received ARI and 30 received Coping Cat (CC). Both youth anxiety and parental accommodation were significantly reduced from pre to posttreatment in youth who received ARI as well as those who received CC. No significant difference was found between the two treatment conditions on any measure of anxiety or accommodation. Findings indicate that an adapted CBT that focuses on parent accommodation (ARI) produced favorable outcomes comparable to Coping Cat. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
Temple University--Theses
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Linda, Nondumiso Innocentia. "Investigating the practices in the management of anxiety disorders by Zulu traditional healers." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1582.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Clinical Psychology) in the Department of Psychology at the University of Zululand, 2017The aim and objectives of the study were to investigate the management of anxiety disorders by Zulu traditional healers. Here the term management refers not exclusively to treatment but rather encompasses conceptualisation and causes of anxiety, symptom presentation and diagnostic procedures, treatment methods, and referral of patients with anxiety. The study was conducted at KwaDlangezwa and Esikhawini areas in Zululand, South Africa. A qualitative approach was adopted for the study. A snowball sampling technique was used to collect the sample. The inclusion criterion was diviners who are currently in practice. The sample comprised of 14 diviners. Semi-structured interviews were used in the collection of data. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data was analysed and interpreted using thematic content analysis. Within the study the concept of anxiety was understood in relation to the causes. Anxiety was discussed under the headings of functional and pathological anxiety. The diviners diagnose and treat exclusively pathological anxiety. Pathological anxiety was said to be caused by either witchcraft or ancestral calling. In the category of pathological anxiety three types of anxiety were described, and they were inyoni (affecting mostly children), uvalo lwezilwane (anxiety through bewitchment and uvalo lwedlozi (related to ancestral calling). The diviners indicated that anxiety is not a mental disorder but rather a physical illness. Although the treatment methods varied amongst the diviners, they were all indicated to be effective. If a patient was not responsive to treatment, the patient would be referred to other healers first and then a referral to clinics or/ and hospitals would be made. However, if there was an underlying medical condition, patients would be referred immediately to clinics and/or hospitals.
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Young, Jennica Marie. "THE ATTENUATING EFFECTS OF A COMBINATIONAL TREATMENT AFTER EXPERIMENTAL TBI ON PROPERTIES OF ANXIETY." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1688.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate an animal model of distress (conditioned suppression) to assess the effects of magnesium (MAG) and nicotinamide (B3) administration on recovery of anxiety-like behavior following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is comorbid with TBI and both affects a victim’s ability to maintain daily activities and have a good quality of life. Administration of MAG decreases swelling of the brain considerably and lessens cell death. B3 is a neuroprotective precursor to NAD+ and enhances energy levels as well has help reduce free radicals after TBI. A conditioned suppression procedure is an established method for generating disruptive fearful anxiety-like responses in animals and these treatments may help to reduce anxiety responses.
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Wong, Judy. "Concurrent Treatments of Substance Use Disorders with Anxiety or Trauma: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/294389.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Among those seeking treatment for a substance use disorder (SUD), the prevalence of a concurrent anxiety disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is surprisingly high, with some estimates placing the comorbidity rate at 33% to 43%. There is evidence that this comorbidity is associated with greater symptom severity, impairment, and substance use relapse than when the disorders present independently. One of the greatest challenges that clinicians face when presented with a patient with an anxiety disorder/PTSD and SUD is deciding how to approach treatment. Though the prevailing approach has been to treat the disorders sequentially, with the SUD receiving initial attention, there is a movement towards developing integrated or concurrent treatment models. The current meta-analytic study examined integrated or concurrent psychotherapies or pharmacotherapies for SUDs and anxiety disorders or PTSD. A meta-analysis on this topic is particularly important given the generally mixed findings of existing randomized controlled trials in this area of research. Our main question of interest was how integrated/concurrent treatments compared to single-target treatments. In addition, we explored whether there were outcome differences between psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, between anxiety disorders and PTSD, and differences based on treatment setting (e.g., substance use treatment center versus other settings). Our findings suggested that integrated or concurrent treatments were superior in reducing anxiety or PTSD symptoms, compared to treatments that only targeted substance use or anxiety/PTSD. The effect, however, was small. There was no evidence that integrated or concurrent treatments improved substance use outcomes in comparison to stand alone substance use treatment. We also found evidence that treatment studies conducted at substance use inpatient or outpatient programs produced smaller anxiety/PTSD effects. A trend was found suggesting combined psychotherapy-pharmacotherapy interventions may be more effective than psychotherapy alone. No difference was found between treatments targeting PTSD versus anxiety disorders. Implications of our findings are discussed.
Temple University--Theses
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Dahan, Jessica. "Individual Child Cognitive Behavioral Treatment versus Child-Parent Cognitive Behavioral Treatments for Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Comparative Outcomes." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/963.
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Anxiety disorders; such as separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia and specific phobia, are widespread in children and adolescents. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to be effective in reducing excessive fears and anxieties in children and adolescents. Research has produced equivocal findings that involving parents in treatment of child anxiety enhances effects over individual CBT (ICBT). The present dissertation study examined whether parental involvement can enhance individual treatment effect if the parent conditions are streamlined by targeting specific parental variables. The first parent condition, Parent Reinforcement Skills Training (RFST), involved increasing mothers’ use of positive reinforcement and decreasing use of negative reinforcement. The second parent condition, Parent Relationship Skill Training (RLST), involved increasing maternal child acceptance and decreasing maternal control (or increasing autonomy granting). Results of the present dissertation findings support the use of all three treatment conditions (ICBT, RLST, RFST) for child anxiety; that is, significant reductions in anxiety were found in each of the three treatment conditions. No significant differences were found between treatment conditions with respect to diagnostic recovery rate, clinician rating, and parent rating of child anxiety. Significant differences between conditions were found on child self rating of anxiety, with some evidence to support the superiority of RLST and RFST to ICBT. These findings support the efficacy of individual, as well as parent involved CBT, and provide mixed evidence with respect to the superiority of parent involved CBT over ICBT. The conceptual, empirical, and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
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McCabe, Kym M. "The Effects of Yoga on Symptoms Associated with Conduct Disorder with Callous Unemotional Traits as a Moderator." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/327.
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The purpose of this research was to investigate the additive therapeutic effects of a yoga intervention on the anxiety, depression and behavioral problems of conduct-disordered male adolescents in residential treatment. In addition, the moderating effects of callous-unemotional (CU) traits on outcome measures were assessed. The program consisted of a four-week intervention program in which participants were randomly assigned to either the yoga group (n=25), in which they practiced yoga with an instructor, or the control group (n=19), in which they met for a supervised study hall. The study included pre-testing on symptoms of anxiety, depression and CU traits, and post-testing on anxiety and depression measures only. Behavioral data were unavailable due to unanticipated program changes. A repeated measures MANOVA was utilized to investigate the benefits of yoga practice on a combined mental health variable that consisted of two dependent variables, anxiety and depression. A significant effect for time, but not for the interaction between time and group, was found. This indicated that both groups' scores decreased over time on the depression and anxiety variables, but that there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups' depression and anxiety scores over time. In spite of non-significant results, additional exploratory analysis was conducted. Results indicated a trend towards significantly greater decreases in anxiety outcomes for the yoga group vs. the control group over time. The moderating effects of CU traits on the relationships among the treatment conditions and anxiety outcomes were found to be non-significant. Limitations of the present research, including low sample size and statistical power, are discussed.
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Obasaju, Mayowa. "Can I Talk to You? Sociopolitical Factors and their Relation to Symptoms and Treatments of Social Anxiety in a Sample of African Americans with Social Anxiety." unrestricted, 2009. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06182009-101014/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2009.Title from file title page. Page Anderson, committee chair; Julia Perilla, Roderick Watts, Leslie Jackson, committee members. Description based on contents viewed Sept. 14, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-83).
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Culberson, Alex M. "Reduction of pain after initial archwire placement: a randomized clinical trial comparing conventional and alternative treatments." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1553782953241005.
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Whittles, Randy L. "The Effects of Biopsychosocial Explanations of Social Anxiety Disorder on Stigma, Prognostic Pessimism, and Perceptions of Mental Health Treatments." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1262.
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Previous research had focused solely on examining the negative effects of biological conceptualizations of psychopathology within the context of depression (Lebowitz et al., 2013). Thus, it remained unknown as to the effects of for anxiety disorders such as Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). The current study attempted to expand the literature by examining the effects both biological and biopsychosocial etiological explanations of SAD on ratings of stigma, prognostic pessimism, and perceptions of treatment effectiveness. 252 participants were randomized to receive either a brief psychoeducational video describing a biological explanation of SAD, a brief psycho-educational video containing a biopsychosocial explanation of SAD, or a control video intended to induce neutral affect. In contrast to initial hypotheses, results indicated no significant differences between groups in stigma, prognostic pessimism, or treatment effectiveness ratings. Similarly, a series of moderation analyses yielded no significant interactions between hypothesized moderators (e.g., previous treatment history) and respective conditions on ratings of prognostic pessimism, stigma, or treatment effectiveness. Clinical and theoretical implications, strengths and limitations, as well as future directions for research are discussed.
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McInerney, Valentina, University of Western Sydney, and Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. "Computer anxiety : assessment and treatment." THESIS_FARSS_XXX_McInerney_V.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/519.
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This thesis represents the results of studies designed to investigate computer anxiety among adult learners. The existence, nature and degree of computer anxiety were investigated with a sample of teacher trainees undertaking an introductory computer training course, and the impact of this course on the anxiety and cognitions of the students were studied. Another study focussed on the evaluation of the measure of computer anxiety used in this study with a view to the design of a new computer anxiety treatment. Results showed that computer anxiety is not necessarily dissipated by completing a computer course, and is correlated with gender, computer ownership and previous computer experience. A number of faculties with different student populations were studied, and computer anxiety was high within each. Interviews with computing course coordinators indicated a range of approaches to instructional design, beliefs about the extent and causes of computer anxiety, and ways of alleviating it. Two approaches derived from these interviews formed the basis of the design of this study, with instructional methods as the treatments and levels of computer anxiety and negative cognitions as the aptitudes. The sample comprised two, with the first group receiving traditional instruction while the second group received direct instruction plus metacognitive strategy training in self-questioning within a cooperative learning context. Achievement was significantly enhanced in the second group, and it was felt that metacognitive training was effective as a means of enhancing achievement and positive cognitions.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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McInerney, V. "Computer anxiety : assessment and treatment /." Milperra, N.S.W. : [University of Western Sydney, Macarthur, Faculty of Education and Languages], 1997. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030624.100303/index.html.
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Koksal, Falih. "A reconceptualization of anxiety." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21546.
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The aim of the thesis is three fold: a-To develop a new questionnaire that measures anxiety in terms of four components (feeling, cognitive, behavior and somatic). b-To investigate the relationship between feeling and cognition with regard to anxiety. c-To identify, with the application of Three Systems Theory, the most salient component of anxiety in each of the DSM-III anxiety disorder sub-classifications and to evaluate the validity of DSM-III anxiety disorder sub-classifications. a-In order to assess the level of anxiety, I have developed a new Four Systems Anxiety Questionnaire (FSAQ). FSAQ incorporates a feeling component along with the behavioral, somatic and cognitive components. A psychometric evaluation (reliability and validity levels) of the questionnaire was found to be satisfactory. b-Another aim is to reconsider one of the tenets of cognitive therapy that cognitive appraisals are the necessary preconditions for the emergence of feeling. Such a view assumes that feeling is merely an epiphenomenon of cognitive processes. This research establishes, however, that feeling and cognition appear to be relatively independent systems and that their modes of interaction are influenced by the personality structure of the individual. This conclusion was obtained by using the FSAQ on university students and various categories of anxiety patients. In particular, the research compared the scores on the feeling and cognitive components of both males and females, obsessive-compulsives and rest of the DSM-III anxiety patients. c- A further aim of the reseach was to examine the DSM-III anxiety disorders classification from the Three Systems Theory's point of view. The Three Systems Theory proposes that anxiety has three relatively independent components: cognitive, behavioral and somatic. In the various anxiety sub-classifications of DSM-III one or other of these three components dominates. The other purpose of my research was to consider each of the DSM-III anxiety disorders separately and to determine which of the three components plays the major role in the manifestation of the particular syndrome. In general, the results indicate that each anxiety disorder is indeed characterised by a different profile. An anticipated outcome of this research is that a clinician will be able to identify the main component of anxiety in a particular syndrome and hence select most appropriate treatment. The results of this study support DSM-III classification of anxiety disorders into two main categories of phobic and non-phobic (i.e. phobic and anxiety states).
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Jameson, Kathryn G. "A Brief DBT Treatment for Test Anxiety." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1415364872.
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Viens, Marcel J. "Generalized anxiety and sleep-onset insomnia: Evaluation of treatment using anxiety management training." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20931.
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Buchanan, Heather. "Children's dental anxiety and coping." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299345.
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Parker, Zachary. "Therapist drift in the treatment of anxiety disorders." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18181/.
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Troeung, Lakkhina. "Treatment of depression and anxiety in Parkinson’s Disease." Thesis, Curtin University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1044.
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This thesis examined the treatment of depression and anxiety in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and comprised four studies. Study 1 was a meta-analysis of treatments for depression and anxiety in PD. Study 2 examined the validity of the DASS-21 as an assessment tool in PD. Study 3 was a randomised controlled trial of group CBT for depression and anxiety in PD. Study 4 was a cross-sectional cohort study examining mental health service utilisation and barriers to treatment.
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Abdelrahim, I. E. "Dental anxiety and the dentist patient relationship." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233341.
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Basson, Reneda A. "The significance of subthreshold symptoms of anxiety in the aetiology of bruxism." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8155_1248236519.
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Bruxism is an oral parafunctional habit involving clenching and grinding of the teeth that occurs mainly unconsciously, diurnally and nocturnally. It is considered an important contributory factor in the aetiology of myofascial pain (MFP) and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The aetiology of bruxism is considered to be multifactorial, involving physiological and psychological factors. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the subthreshold symptoms (subtle, prodromal, atypical and subclinical symptoms of which the severity precludes diagnosis as a disorder) of anxiety and bruxism in a sample of subjects using a spectrum model.
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Barbour, Heather. "A feminist group treatment approach for women with anxiety." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23213.pdf.
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Baldwin, David S., Ian M. Anderson, David J. Nutt, Borwin Bandelow, Alyson Bond, Jonathan R. T. Davidson, Boer Johan A. den, et al. "Evidence-based guidelines for pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-103753.
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These British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines cover the range and aims of treatment for anxiety disorders. They are based explicitly on the available evidence and are presented as recommendations to aid clinical decision making in primary and secondary medical care. They may also serve as a source of information for patients and their carers. The recommendations are presented together with a more detailed review of the available evidence. A consensus meeting involving experts in anxiety disorders reviewed the main subject areas and considered the strength of evidence and its clinical implications. The guidelines were constructed after extensive feedback from participants and interested parties. The strength of supporting evidence for recommendations was rated. The guidelines cover the diagnosis of anxiety disorders and key steps in clinical management, including acute treatment, relapse prevention and approaches for patients who do not respond to first-line treatments.
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Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, and Andrew T. Gloster. "Developments in the treatment and diagnosis of anxiety disorders." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-103821.
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Aus der Einleitung:
A wide range of epidemiological community studies worldwide converge on several incontrovertible facts regarding anxiety disorders: they occur frequently, begin at an early age, significantly impair multiple areas of development and life, and are associated with numerous adverse correlates and consequences. Furthermore, evidence clearly points to the fact that the majority of patients who have anxiety disorders still go undetected and undertreated, despite considerable efforts over the last two decades to improve this situation. Less than half receive any treatment at all and only a fraction of those receive what can be considered even "minimally adequate treatment."
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Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, and Andrew T. Gloster. "Developments in the treatment and diagnosis of anxiety disorders." Technische Universität Dresden, 2009. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26473.
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Aus der Einleitung:
A wide range of epidemiological community studies worldwide converge on several incontrovertible facts regarding anxiety disorders: they occur frequently, begin at an early age, significantly impair multiple areas of development and life, and are associated with numerous adverse correlates and consequences. Furthermore, evidence clearly points to the fact that the majority of patients who have anxiety disorders still go undetected and undertreated, despite considerable efforts over the last two decades to improve this situation. Less than half receive any treatment at all and only a fraction of those receive what can be considered even "minimally adequate treatment."
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Seivewright, Helen. "Prevalence and treatment of health anxiety in genitourinary medicine." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5654.
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The concepts of hypochondriasis and health anxiety are described in historical and modern contexts and justification given for the preferred usage of health anxiety, with the condition better classified with the anxiety disorders. The prevalence of hypochondriasis is reviewed and it is noted that most of the data are in primary care with only one paper from genitourinary medicine. The treatments for health anxiety and hypochondriasis are reviewed and noted, until recently, to be relatively limited in efficacy. A prevalence study of health anxiety in genitourinary medicine in two centres found that 8‐ 11% of attenders had significant health anxiety recorded by the Health Anxiety Inventory; that symptoms persisted over a 9 month period, and were associated with higher numbers of medical consultations. This was followed by a randomised controlled trial in a genitourinary medicine clinic in which an adapted form of cognitive behaviour therapy was given by me as a medical practitioner, and compared with a single explanatory interview in a control group. Assessments of clinical symptoms, social functioning and costs were made at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months after randomisation. In 49 patients allocated, greater improvement was seen for the primary outcome of Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) scores in patients treated with CBT (n=23) than in the control group (n=26) (P=0.001). Similar but less marked differences were found for the secondary outcomes of generalised anxiety, depression and social function, and there were fewer health service consultations. These differences were maintained in the six months after treatment was completed. The treatment costs were only partly offset by the savings in clinic appointments and for every unit reduction in HAI score there was an incremental cost of £33. It is concluded that the treatment, given in this manner, has the potential to be generalised.
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Maki, Kristen M. "The Effects of Stress Induction on Pre-attentive and Attentional Bias for Threat in Social Anxiety." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MakiKM2003.pdf.
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Crawford, Erika. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN YOUTH INVOLVEMENT, THERAPIST BEHAVIORS, AND ANXIETY SYMPTOMS IN THE TREATMENT OF YOUTH ANXIETY." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/587646.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Objective: Therapeutic processes that occur within session have been identified as a factor that may influence youth anxiety outcomes. The present study examined the relationships between positive and negative youth involvement, therapist therapeutic and nontherapeutic behaviors, and anxiety outcomes. Method: Sixty youth (aged 7-17) received cognitive-behavioral therapy for an anxiety disorder. Weekly session videos were rated by observers. Measures of anxiety severity were completed weekly and at posttreatment. Regression analyses examined the association between therapeutic processes and post-treatment outcomes. Univariate and bivariate latent difference score (LDS) models evaluated whether changes in one factor were prospectively associated with later changes in the same factor and in other factors. Results: Positive youth involvement significantly predicted reduced anxiety severity, greater improvement, and remission of principal anxiety disorder at posttreatment. Youth negative involvement during psychoeducation sessions predicted a reduced likelihood of remission. Therapist therapeutic behaviors during psychoeducation sessions predicted lower anxiety severity, greater improvement, and treatment response. Nontherapeutic behaviors in psychoeducation sessions were associated with increased anxiety severity, less improvement, and a reduced likelihood of treatment response and remission of principal anxiety disorder. When entered simultaneously, only nontherapeutic behaviors were significantly associated with increased anxiety severity. LDS models resulted in poor model fit, thus, the temporal sequence among involvement, therapist behaviors, and anxiety severity was not established. Conclusions: Youth involvement and therapist behaviors are associated with beneficial outcomes. Therapist nontherapeutic behaviors are strongly associated with poorer outcomes. Findings are discussed in relation to previous findings and future directions are proposed.
Temple University--Theses
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Sanjida, Saira. "Psychological and pharmacological treatment of anxiety and depression in patients with endometrial cancer." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/192103/2/Saira_Sanjida_Thesis.pdf.
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This research analysed psychological and pharmacological treatment of anxiety and depression in patients with endometrial cancer. Data from a large randomised controlled trial was used to improve understanding of the treatments women currently receive and whether they seem to alleviate psychosocial distress. Results show that screening and assessment of psychological wellbeing could be improved as psychological distress is still often under-recognised in patients. Furthermore, psychological and pharmacological treatments were not always provided according to best treatment guidelines to address symptoms of anxiety and depression. These results can inform future interventions that test novel treatment approaches and improve patients' psychosocial care.
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Whitaker, Juanita Angela. "African American Males Coping With Anxiety Disorder: Treatment-Seeking Behavior." ScholarWorks, 2018. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4896.
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Anxiety disorders are often associated with fear related to living in a society whose members may attach negative and degrading terms to mental health conditions. Although anxiety disorders are more prevalent among African Americans, treatment-seeking behavior rates are lower in the African American community. Cultural and social perceptions of mental health care's effectiveness and accessibility can act as barriers to treatment seeking by African American men diagnosed with anxiety disorders. A multiple case study approach was used in this qualitative study to investigate how African American men cope with the disorders and whether they hold integrated, gender-distinct beliefs about the cultural and social effects that may contribute to delays in treatment-seeking behaviors. The health belief model was used in conjunction with the theory of planned behavior as the conceptual framework for understanding the data. Purposive sampling of African American men diagnosed with anxiety disorders was used to recruit 5 study participants. In-depth interviews were conducted and recorded on a digital recorder. Results and findings from content analysis support the premise that medication nonadherence, along with the themes developed in this studyâ??â??social isolation, inner nervousness, thoughts and feeling about medication, past trauma and violence, alternative ways of coping, and lack of trust in the treatment systemâ??â??make a plausible argument for why African American men do not seek treatment for anxiety disorders. This study contributes to social change by informing community workers and agencies about reasons for African American men not seeking treatment, and the need for increased awareness, community outreach programs, and more universal cognitive testing of anxiety disorders for this population.
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Patton, Michael. "Effective methods in the treatment of patients with dental anxiety." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21235.
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Thesis (M.A.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.Dental phobia, also referred to as "dental anxiety," or "odontophobia," is a significant and intense fear of visiting the dentist for oral treatments. Individuals who experience high levels of this anxious condition avoid going to the dentist. It is estimated that 9 to 15% of both children and adults in America, about 30 – 40 million individuals, experience a level of dental phobia that causes them to avoid visiting the dentist. Individuals affected with this specific form of anxiety often neglect necessary dental visits for varying periods of time, which can, obviously, lead to health concerns in the oral cavity and other parts of the human body, as well as result in mental health and image concerns. When dental phobic patients do manage to attend a dental session, the individual often experiences great levels of anxiety and stress throughout the entire experience, not only creating pain and discomfort for the patient, but also creating adverse treatment circumstances for the dental practitioners that serve to help the patient. Efforts have been made in investigating the effectiveness of various techniques and approaches that could be implemented in the dental setting to ease phobic patients, granting them a less-stressful experience and allowing the dental staff to do their jobs more efficiently in providing the patient with appropriate oral care. There are several techniques used in the dental office today to reduce anxiety such as distraction, controlled breathing techniques, attention focusing, and several sedating methods employing various types of medication, as well as different types of administration. Distraction, controlled breathing, and attention focusing require special attention and an extension of time on the end of not only the patient, but also of the dental staff. These techniques, while possibly offering a reduction in feelings of anxiety, may require multiple attempts and a greater investment of time to show substantial results. Sedation methods may consist of various medications used alone or in a combination to successfully achieve a reduction in anxiety. With the various types of medications and techniques that can be used when sedating a patient, along with the various routes of administration, such as oral, intravenous, and intranasal, sedation methods can be adapted to best suit a patient in terms of their personal preferences and level of comfort, as well as to accommodate time requirements for specific procedures. Each of the techniques and methods used in today’s dental setting should be carefully and strategically evaluated and customized for the anxious or phobic patient in mind. Some methods are favored for certain attributes, varying from ease of use, time required, and speed of onset, to the efficiency in reducing a patient’s anxious or phobic symptoms. Professionals in the field of dentistry must act as providers of the treatment options and resources of the information in regards to the methods so that patients may become aware of the current tactics used in aiding such affected people.
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Allgulin, Marcus. "Psilocybin and LSD in the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18843.
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Psychiatry is in a crisis. Mental health disorders are on the rise worldwide and there are currently not enough efficient treatment methods that would meet the patients’ needs. Hence, the societal and economic costs of mental health problems are enormous, as well as the suffering of individuals afflicted by mental health problems. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin are substances that create an altered state of consciousness characterized by altered sensory perception and on some occasions, ego-dissolution, and mystical experiences. In recent studies, LSD and psilocybin have been shown to carry significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders in conjunction with psychotherapy. The therapeutic effects of LSD and psilocybin have also been shown to persist for between 3-12 months post-treatment. LSD and psilocybin, like other classical hallucinogens, increase serotonin availability, which has been suggested to attenuate symptoms of anxiety and depression. In addition, LSD and psilocybin alter the activity of the default mode network, which has been suggested to be overly active in depressed and anxious patients. This essay is a literature review of the neural mechanisms of LSD and psilocybin, their potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders, and how insights about said neural mechanisms may be useful in understanding the possible application of psychedelics in the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders. In sum, recent studies have provided converging and convincing evidence on therapeutic potential of LSD and psilocybin. Yet, few conclusions on the exact neural mechanisms of how LSD and psilocybin alleviate depressive and anxiety symptoms can be made. Although the future of this research field looks promising, archaic national- and international regulations continue to be a hindrance to research into psychedelic drugs. Yet, due to the psychiatric crisis and the promising results so far, more studies in this field are warranted.
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Schwob, Jeremy T. "A Smartphone Application for the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1461176493.
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Thorpe, Susan Jane. "Cognitive processes in specific phobias and their treatment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e6697f28-16f3-4771-af14-4aa47aaaf4d3.
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Percy, Ray. "Maternal verbal communication and the treatment of children with anxiety disorders in the context of maternal anxiety disorder." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/370404/.
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Sicouri, Gemma. "Understanding and treating anxiety disorders in children with asthma." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17269.
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The aim of this thesis was to provide research to understand and treat anxiety in children with asthma. Specifically, the aims were to: (1) investigate the parent and cognitive factors associated with anxiety in children with asthma; and (2) evaluate a cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT) specifically developed for children in this population. The rationale behind this research was the identification of a higher prevalence of anxiety disorders in children with asthma compared to healthy children, yet very little understanding about the factors which may underlie this relationship. This poor understanding has translated into a lack of evidence-based treatments for this population. The research comprises of five empirical studies, including a meta-analysis, two cross-sectional empirical studies, a case series analysis of treatment and a qualitative study. The findings of this thesis highlight that some parenting behaviours, namely parental control, and child cognitions, namely avoidant coping, whilst understandable in the context of a chronic illness, may – in fact – also confer risk for anxiety in these children. The results also showed promise for the efficacy of a group CBT intervention for a small number of participants with asthma and a comorbid anxiety disorder, however critically a large number of eligible participants declined to take part. It appears that a number of barriers to treatment engagement exist, which relate specifically to parent beliefs and understanding about the link between asthma and anxiety. Additional research is needed with larger samples in order to further explicate the role of parent and cognitive factors in the development and maintenance of anxiety in children with asthma, and establish CBT as an evidence-based treatment for this population.
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Fisher, Christopher Alan. "Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Disorders: Their Relationship and Reduction with Neurotherapy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31533/.
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This study investigated the relationship among anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances and the treatment of these three disorders through neurotherapy. Research suggests that these conditions commonly co-occur in the general population and that central nervous system (CNS) arousal may play a primary role in the development and maintenance of these disorders. Several recent studies suggested that neurotherapy, a biofeedback-based treatment for CNS dysregulation, might be an effective treatment for comorbid conditions, particularly the ones of interest here, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. This investigation used a clinical case-series design to assess pre/post neurotherapy changes on objective measures of anxiety, depression, and sleep and to determine whether changes in anxiety and depression then predict improvements in sleep quality. Data for 23 participants (10 males) were obtained from files of adults (Mage = 40.22 years, SD = 16.20) who received at least 15 neurotherapy sessions (M = 47.83 sessions, SD = 22.23) the University of North Texas Neurotherapy Lab. Matched pair t-tests revealed that symptoms of sleep disturbance, depression, and anxiety showed significant improvements following neurotherapy. Neurotherapy treatment effect sizes generally ranged from moderate to large (d = .414 - .849). Multiple regression analysis found that changes in self-reported anxiety symptoms, but not depressive symptoms, predicted observed improvements in sleep quality (adjusted R2 = .26). Last, the implications and limitations were discussed in relation to neurotherapy practice and the associated research.
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Baddeley, Gillian Mary. "A multicomponent treatment programme for text-anxious elementary schoolchildren." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17071.
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Bibliography : pages 269-283.The efficacy was assessed of multicomponent treatment in reducing test anxiety, and improving self-concept and examination performance, in test-anxious elementary schoolchildren. A core programme was devised, comprising three components: systematic desensitization, cognitive restructuring and informal study skills training. Two further components, one each for teachers and parents were added, giving a 'contextualised' programme. Three complementary studies compared either the contextualised programme with a no-treatment, non-identified, control condition (Study 1: n = 40; Study 3: n = 24), or the core programme with an attention-placebo control condition (Study 2: n = 26). It was hypothesised that Studies 1 and 3 would show significant between-group differences at post-test, with experimental subjects showing a significant decline in test anxiety and gains in achievement and self-concept. In Study 2, no significant between-group differences were hypothesised: subjects receiving the core treatment or attention-placebo programme being expected to show a similar degree of reduction in test anxiety and gain in self-concept, but no improvement in achievement.
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Clansy, Pauline Amos. "The effect of high and low anxiety on level of motivation, length of stay in treatment, and intrapsychic focus of attention in Veterans Administration drug-abuse patients." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/458525.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of high and low anxiety on motivation for treatment, length of stay in treatment, and intrapsychic focus of attention in Veterans Administration drug-abuse patients. The dependent variables were measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Reasons For Seeking Treatment Inventory (RFST), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Psychopathic State Inventory (PSI), and the total number of days each subject participated in the treatment program. The major hypothesis was stated in the null form.The PSI and the STAI were used to measure motivation for seeking treatment. The MMPI and the RFST were used to measure intrapsychic focus of attention.On admission and on day 60, the subjects in the High Stress Treatment Group and the subjects in the Low Stress Treatment Group were not found to he significantly different, as measured by the STAI and the PSI, and intrapsychic focus of attention, as measured by the MMPI and the RFST.This study revealed that the subjects in the High Stress Treatment Group developed a higher level of motivation than the subjects in the Low Stress Treatment Group. The Subjects in the High Stress Treatment Group stayed in treatment longer than the subjects in the Low Stress Treatment Group. Subjects in the High Stress Treatment Group focused more on intrapsychic issues than subjects in the Low Stress Treatment Group.
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Prosser, Samantha Jayne. "The Treatment of Child Anxiety Disorders Using Online Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy: An Investigation of Family Factors and Treatment Compliance as Predictors of Child Treatment Outcome." Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365311.
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Anxiety disorders are amongst the most common psychological concerns of childhood and adolescence (Cartwright-Hatton et al., 2004). Whilst cognitive-behavioural therapy has been established as an efficacious treatment, only a small proportion of children with anxiety disorders receive help from mental health professionals (Essau et al., 2000). In recent years, there has been growing interest in using the Internet as a mechanism for delivering psychological services. Although initial investigations of online treatment for child anxiety disorders have produced similar results to that of clinic-based treatment, there remains a proportion of children who do show recovery following treatment.
By identifying predictors of child response to treatment, it is possible that treatment could be tailored to suit the needs of children who may be a risk for poor treatment outcomes. A large body of research exists regarding the role of family factors in the development and maintenance of child anxiety disorders (see McLeod et al., 2007; Wood et al., 2003). If left unchanged following treatment, it is likely that family factors involved in the maintenance of child anxiety will have an adverse effect on child outcome following treatment. Additionally, the absence of direct contact with a therapist in online treatment presents a greater requirement for self-direction on the part of the client. In the case of children, this is likely to signal the need for greater encouragement and involvement from parents, which may be problematic when dysfunctional dynamics exist within the family. As such, compliance with the online treatment may also be an important predictor of child outcome, when treatment is completed in an online format. The aim of the current study was to examine the role of family factors, compliance with treatment, and child characteristics (specifically, age and
gender), as predictors of treatment outcome for children receiving online CBT for anxiety disorders.
Participants were 156 children, ranging from 7 to 18 years of age (M = 11.92, SD = 2.47), and at least one of their parents. Children were required to present with a primary anxiety diagnosis of either separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, generalised anxiety disorder, or specific phobia, based on a clinical interview, administered by a trained clinician. Children and parents also completed a battery of questionnaires to assess child anxiety symptoms, parent psychopathology, family functioning, parenting behaviours, and parent relationship quality. Eligible families were assigned to a one of the BRAVE – ONLINE programs based on the child‟s age; children aged 7 to 12 years completed BRAVE for Children – ONLINE and children aged 13 to 18 years completed BRAVE for Teenagers – ONLINE.
Results indicated that anxiety severity decreased significantly over time, and 66% of children were free of their primary diagnosis at 6-month follow-up. Child treatment compliance (both session compliance and homework compliance) was found to predict child treatment outcome at 6-month follow-up for older children (aged 13 years or older), but not for younger children (12 years or younger). For older children, low treatment compliance was associated with less favourable child outcomes at 6-month follow-up. Parent compliance with the online treatment was unrelated to child treatment outcome, irrespective of child age.
A number of significant relationships were also identified between family factors and child outcome following online treatment for anxiety disorders. Higher levels of parent depression or parent stress, and low parent relationship quality, were associated with less favourable child treatment outcomes at 6-month follow-up (on at least one
indicator of child outcome), irrespective of child age. Additionally, high levels of parental anxiety were found to be detrimental to treatment outcome for younger children, though not for older children. Furthermore, the effect of family adaptability on child treatment outcome was conditional on child age, such that high family adaptability (i.e. highly flexible in structure) predicted more favourable treatment outcomes for younger children, though was associated with poor treatment response for older children. Finally, the relationship between parent depression and child global functioning at 6-month follow-up, was shown to be mediated by child homework compliance, for children receiving online CBT for anxiety disorders. Specifically, high levels of parental depression were associated with lower child homework compliance, which in turn was predictive of lower child global functioning at 6-month follow-up.
These findings can be seen to have important clinical implications for the treatment of child anxiety disorders, particularly in regards to the relationship between family factors and child treatment outcome. It is possible that the inclusion of additional treatment modules aimed at improving problematic family dynamics (e.g. parent anxiety management), may also improve the chances of children achieving successful outcomes following treatment. Given the paucity of evidence in this area, further investigation is needed to allow for greater conclusions to be drawn. A discussion is provided in relation to future research directions, with the aim of expanding upon the findings of the current study.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Psychology
Griffith Health
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Jaradat, Abdul-Kareem M. "Test anxiety in Jordanian students measurement, correlates and treatment ; psychometric properties of the differential test anxiety inventory (DAI), and a comparison of cognitive therapy and study skills counseling in the treatment of test anxiety /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2004/0124/.
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Rück, Christian. "Capsulotomy in anxiety disorders /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-769-3/.
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Kushner, Elyssa Stein. "Focusing as a treatment intervention for generalized anxiety disorder a preliminary investigation /." View full text, 2005.
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Dowell, Amelia. "Correlates of Treatment Preference in a Randomized Trial Comparing Mindfulness Meditation versus Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37319.
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Purpose: There is growing interest in the clinical application of mindfulness meditation. However, little is known about the extent to which clients prefer mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) over conventional psychological therapies. The present study examined predictors of treatment preference and credibility in individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) who participated in a randomized trial of a mindfulness intervention adapted for SAD (MBI-SAD) versus a conventional psychological therapy (cognitive behavior group therapy; CBGT). Method: The sample included 97 adults who met DSM-5 criteria for SAD. Binary logistic and multiple linear regressions were conducted to examine baseline sociodemographic and clinical predictors of treatment preference for the MBI-SAD and perception of treatment credibility. Analysis of variance was used to compare levels of trait mindfulness across treatment preference groups. Results: The majority of participants (49%) reported a preference for the MBI-SAD. Ratings of treatment credibility were comparable for the two interventions. Employment status significantly predicted preference for CBGT versus the MBI-SAD, whereas younger age predicted preference for CBGT. Higher household income, a history of psychotherapy, elevated scores on clinician ratings of depression and social anxiety, and lower scores on self-report depression predicted no treatment preference. Higher household income predicted greater perceived credibility of treatment. Trait mindfulness did not differ across the treatment preference groups or predict treatment credibility. Discussion: Mindfulness meditation appears to be an acceptable and credible treatment for SAD. However, few baseline demographic and clinical characteristics predicted preference for the MBI-SAD. Additional research is needed to explore factors that shape preference and beliefs about mind-body interventions.
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Porter, Daniel B. III. "A Post-Treatment Evaluation of the Combined Effects of Imipramine Pharmacotherapy and Brief Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Childhood Anxiety Disorders." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30467.
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This study evaluated a treatment program for anxiety disordered children, ages five to twelve years, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The treatment program integrated Imipramine pharmacotherapy and brief psychotherapy. The participants' nuclear and extended family histories were examined in terms of the occurrence of psychopathology and endemic transactional patterns. The examination of family patterns utilized Murray Bowen's Generational Model, as well as the T-F-A model of Hutchins and Cole, as a means of explaining the transmission of anxiety in the family. Ten children suspected of experiencing anxiety disorders were referred by pediatric physicians for treatment. Following an initial diagnostic assessment, children were placed on 25 milligrams of Imipramine per day for four to six weeks, while participating in weekly conjoint psychotherapy with their mothers for a six to eight-week period.
A post-treatment evaluation was conducted by selecting ten prototypic participants. Selection was based upon age, diagnosis of overanxious disorder or separation anxiety disorder in childhood, and a time interval of no more than one year or less than one week following treatment. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with mother-child pairs separately to evaluate participants' perceptions of pre- and post-treatment symptom levels and family dynamics. DSM-III diagnostic criteria, Bowenian and T-F-A models served as the frameworks for organizing and evaluating qualitative data. All child participants experienced a dramatic and lasting resolution of both OAD and SAD symptomology. A quantitative analysis was performed utilizing the Wilcoxon sign rank to compare pre- and post-treatment symptom levels, with a significant effect by treatment occurring at the .005 level of significance. Cross-validation of treatment outcome was achieved through review of medical records, original psychotherapy notes, and videotapes of the interviews. Qualitative data regarding transgenerational medical and psychological disorders and family dynamics was generated. The data supported the Unitary model of generational family pathology. Six of seven Bowenian constructs were confirmed in this sample. The T-F-A model was used to demonstrate a cyclical pattern of reassurance, anxiety reduction, and child dependency between anxious children and their mothers. These results were discussed to provide a better understanding of the etiology and treatment of childhood anxiety disorders (OAD and SAD). The term "anxogenic family" was suggested to convey the interaction of genetics and generational learning in the families of anxiety disordered children. Implications for future research and modification of the DSM-IV regarding childhood anxiety disorders were discussed.Ph. D.
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Holmes, Jane M. "A comparion of clinic versus internet administered treatment of childhood anxiety /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18671.pdf.
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Avdagic, Elbina. "Enhancing Treatment Engagement, Adherence and Outcomes in Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367878.
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Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition affecting around 5% of the population over the lifetime (Kessler, Berglund, Demler, Jin, & Walters, 2005). It is characterised by pervasive and uncontrollable worry and is associated with high rates of comorbidity and significant psychosocial impairment (Roemer & Orsillo, 2007). Although cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has been found to be an efficacious treatment for GAD, the percentage of individuals with GAD who do not engage and adhere to CBT treatment protocols, disengage from therapy prematurely or continue to experience significant residual symptoms after treatment is larger than for other anxiety disorders (Wittchen, 2002; Westra, Arkowitz, & Dozois, 2009). Thus, addressing factors related to motivating individuals with GAD to start therapy, adhere to treatment protocols and improve their treatment response is an important task for researchers (Hoyer & Gloster, 2009). The current research investigated three factors identified in the literature as having a significant impact on engagement in therapy, adherence and therapy response. These factors include illness representations, motivational style and acceptance strategies. The research comprised of a series of three studies that aimed to contribute to the research literature and provide further clarification regarding some limited or inconsistent findings identified in previous research in relation to treatment engagement and treatment response rates of individuals with GAD.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology (PhD ClinPsych)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Makover, Heather. "Mediators of Youth Anxiety Outcomes 3 to 12 Years After Treatment." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/519887.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Objective: Test changes in (a) perceived coping efficacy, (b) negative self-statements, and (c) interpretive biases to threat as potential mediators of the relationship between treatment condition and long-term follow-up (average of 6.5 years after intervention). Test moderating effect of age at time of randomization on mediational effect for the 3 putative mediators. Method: Participants included 301 youth who had participated in the Child/Adolescent Multimodal Study (CAMS) and agreed to participate in a naturalistic follow-up study beginning an average of 6.5 years after the end of the acute treatment phase. In the intervention phase, participants (ages 7 to 17) were randomized to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), pharmacotherapy (sertraline), combined CBT and sertraline, or pill placebo. Putative mediators were measured at 4 time-points over the course of the intervention phase. The follow-up study consisted of five annual assessment visits that included ratings of current anxiety based on an interview by an independent evaluator who was blind to the randomization of participants. Results: Reductions on a measure of interpretive biases to threat over the course of the combined intervention condition mediated anxiety outcomes at the first follow-up visit. No other significant mediated effects were found for any of the putative mediators. Age did not significantly moderate any mediated effects. Conclusions: The findings suggest that interpretive biases to threat, an often elevated characteristic of anxious youth, may be important to address as part of the treatment of anxiety in order to maintain reductions in anxiety in the years following treatment. The specificity of this finding to the combined CBT and sertraline condition offers support for the synergistic effect of CBT and sertraline when implemented in tandem to reduce anxiety-related cognitive factors with long-term implications.
Temple University--Theses
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Stevens, Charmaine. "The efficacy of Hayes Anxiety Relief Technique versus the Self Control Triad in the treatment of public speaking anxiety." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22811.pdf.
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Bilek, Emily Laird. "An Open Trial Investigation of Emotion Detectives: A Transdiagnostic Group Treatment for Children with Anxiety and Depression." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/262.
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Anxiety and depressive disorders are prevalent among youth and are often experienced concurrently or sequentially during development (Kroes et al., 2001; Costello, Erklani, & Angold, 2006). These disorders are also associated with weaker cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) outcomes when experienced simultaneously in youth (e.g. Berman, Weems, Silverman, & Kurtines, 2000). Treatment research has begun to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of treating comorbid emotional disorders using transdiagnostic treatment approaches (Barlow et al., 2010; Ehrenreich et al., 2008). Evidence from adult and adolescent populations indicates that these more broadly focused treatment programs may offer benefits above and beyond disorder- and domain-specific protocols, leading to improvements in diagnostic severity and emotion regulation across a range of disorders and emotions (Ellard, Fairholme, Boisseau, Farchione, & Barlow, 2010; Ehrenreich-May & Remmes, 2010). The current study extends transdiagnostic treatment research to school-age children, ages 7-12, in a mental health clinic setting by investigating preliminary post-treatment outcomes and treatment acceptability in a recent open trial (N enrolled= 16; N completed treatment=13) of the Emotion Detectives Treatment Protocol (EDTP; Ehrenreich-May & Laird, 2009). Results revealed that participants experienced significant improvements in clinical severity ratings of principal and all related diagnoses, as well as in parent reported anxious and parent and child reported depressive symptoms at the post-treatment assessment. Additionally, parents reported gains in child coping and improvements in dysregulation across emotional domains (including worry, sadness, and anger). The EDTP had good retention rates, moderately good attendance, and parents and children reported high levels of treatment satisfaction. The results of this open trial provide preliminary evidence for the utility and acceptability of a transdiagnostic group protocol to treat both clinical anxiety disorders, as well as self- and parent-reported anxious and depressive symptoms for youth within a mental health setting. These results suggest that children may uniquely benefit from a more generalized, emotion-focused treatment modality, such as the EDTP, that can offer flexibility in its treatment targets to families as well as mental health clinicians.
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Williams, Sandra. "Mediational Effects in Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/323.
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The current study examined whether variables that have been found to influence treatment outcome serve as mediators of a child and adolescent cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) anxiety program at multiple time points throughout the intervention. The study also examined mediating variables measured at multiple time points during treatment to determine the time lags necessary for changes in the mediator variable to translate into changes on treatment gains. Participants were 168 youth (ages 6 to 16 years; 54% males) and their mothers who presented to the Child Anxiety and Phobia Program (CAPP) at Florida International University (FIU). Overall, results indicate that the mediators at multiple time points influenced youth anxiety in a fluctuating manner, such that a decrease in skills at one given session caused changes in youth anxiety at a later session. This dynamic between the mediator and outcome may be reflective of the process of therapeutic change and suggests that skills gained from session to session took time to exert their effect on youth anxiety. The methodology employed helps to elucidate how variables mediate treatment outcome in youth anxiety disorders.