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Journal articles on the topic 'Anxiety in women – Ethiopia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Anbesaw, Tamrat, Alemayehu Negash, Almaz Mamaru, Habtamu Abebe, Asmare Belete, and Getinet Ayano. "Suicidal ideation and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Jimma medical center, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 25, 2021): e0255746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255746.

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Background Suicidal ideation (SI) among pregnant women is a major public health concern worldwide and is associated with a higher risk of completed suicide. However, there are limited studies that determined the prevalence and the potential determinants of suicidal ideation in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the prevalence of suicidal ideation and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Jimma, Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 pregnant women attending Jimma medical center in Southwest, Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Suicidal ideation assessed using the Suicidality Module of the World Mental Health survey initiative version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Other tools used are EPDS, Abuse Assessment Scale (AAS), DASS -21, PSS, Maternity Social Support Scale (MSSS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the potential determinants of suicidal ideation among the participants. Result The prevalence of SI among women who are on antenatal care was found to be 13.3% (95% CI (10.1,16.4). In multivariable analysis, marital status with lack of cohabiting partners (AOR = 2.80,95%CI:1.23,6.37), history of abortion (AOR = 2.45,95% CI:1.03,5.93), having depression (AOR = 4.28,95% CI:1.75,10.44),anxiety(AOR = 2.99,95% CI:1.24,7.20), poor sleep quality (AOR = 2.85,95% CI:1.19,6.79), stress (AOR = 2.50, 95% CI:1.01,5.67), and intimate partner violence (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI:1.07,5.47) were found to be significant predictors of suicidal ideation. Conclusion The prevalence of SI among pregnant women was found to be huge. Lack of cohabiting partners, previous history of abortion, depression, anxiety, intimate partner violence, poor sleep quality, and stress were variables that are independent predictors of suicidal ideation. Screening and interventions of antenatal SI are needed.

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Bante, Agegnehu, Abera Mersha, Zerihun Zerdo, Biresaw Wassihun, and Tomas Yeheyis. "Comorbid anxiety and depression: Prevalence and associated factors among pregnant women in Arba Minch zuria district, Gamo zone, southern Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): e0248331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248331.

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IntroductionPrenatal anxiety and depression are major health problems all over the world. The negative sequela of prenatal comorbid anxiety and depression (CAD) has been suggested to be higher than that of anxiety or depression alone. CAD increases the odds of preterm birth, low birth weight, prolonged labor, operative deliveries, postpartum psychiatric disorders and long term cognitive impairment for the newborn. Despite its significant ill consequences, there is a dearth of studies in low-and middle-income countries. So far, to the best of our knowledge, no study assessed the prevalence of CAD in Ethiopia. Hence, the purpose of this study was to assess CAD and associated factors among pregnant women in Arba Minch Zuria district, Gamo zone, southern Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 676 pregnant women from January 01 to November 30, 2019. Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scales were used to assess depression and anxiety respectively. The data were collected electronically using an open data kit (ODK) collect android application and analyzed using Stata version 15.0. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with CAD using binary logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05.ResultsA total of 667 women were involved. The prevalence of CAD was 10.04% [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.76, 12.33]. Being married [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.16, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.56], categorized in the highest wealth quintile [AOR: 2.83, 95% CI: 1.17, 6.84], having medical illness [AOR: 3.56, 95% CI: 1.68, 7.54], encountering pregnancy danger signs [AOR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.06, 6.67], experiencing life-threatening events [AOR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.15, 3.92] and household food insecurity [AOR: 3.51, 95% CI: 1.85, 6.64] were significantly associated with CAD.ConclusionsIn general, one in every ten women faced CAD in the study area. Nutritional interventions, early identification and treatment of pregnancy-related illness and medical ailments, prenatal mental health problems screening and interventions are imperative to minimize the risk of CAD in pregnant women.

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Yousuf, Abdilahi, Ramli Musa, Muhammad Lokman Md Isa, and Siti Roshaidai Mohd Arifin. "Anxiety and Depression Among Women Living with HIV: Prevalence and Correlations." Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 16, no. 1 (July 21, 2020): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017902016010059.

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Introduction: It has been found that HIV positive women are becoming increasingly affected by various illnesses, including Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) such as depression. Such comorbidity escalates the disease progression to the severe stage and commonly hinders treatment adherence. This study determined the prevalence of anxiety and depression amidst women living with HIV. Methods: Based on a cross-sectional and facility-based study, 357 HIV positive women were recruited using the systematic sampling technique from two public hospitals in Jijiga town, Ethiopia. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was administered for screening, and followed by a pre-tested questionnaire that comprised of Perceived Social Support and HIV stigma. Results: The results revealed that the prevalence of both anxiety and depression amidst HIV positive women was 28.9% and 32.5%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, it was discovered that lack of formal education, being divorced, unemployed, and earning a monthly income less than 1400 ETB (37.5 USD) were significantly associated with depression. Women with symptomatic HIV clinical stage III (AOR =2.06, 95% C.I (0.75-5.61), with CD4 cell count below 250 (AOR = 1.14, 95% C.I (0.57-2.28), and with co-infections (AOR= 1.04, 95% C.I (0.40-2.71) also suffered from depression. Conclusion: The study outcomes show that the prevalence of depression in women with HIV was 32.5%, but they were more likely to be depressed if they were illiterate, divorced, unemployed or had a financial burden. In addition, HIV positive women with less CD4 cell count and in the final clinical stage or suffered from a co-infection were also associated with depressive symptoms. This signifies the public health implications of psychological and cognitive morbidities of the illness among these women with chronic illnesses. Hence, future mental health interventions and HIV care should be integrated with substantial emphasis given to vulnerable groups, including HIV positive women.

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Bakker, Rena, Ephrem D. Sheferaw, Tegbar Yigzaw, Jelle Stekelenburg, and Marlou L. A. de Kroon. "Risk Factors for Positive Appraisal of Mistreatment during Childbirth among Ethiopian Midwifery Students." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 14, 2020): 2682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082682.

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The maternal mortality ratio and neonatal mortality rate remain high in Ethiopia, where few births are attended by qualified healthcare staff. This is partly due to care providers’ mistreatment of women during childbirth, which creates a culture of anxiety that decreases the use of healthcare services. This study employed a cross-sectional design to identify risk factors for positive appraisal of mistreatment during childbirth. We asked 391 Ethiopian final year midwifery students to complete a paper-and-pen questionnaire assessing background characteristics, prior observation of mistreatment during education, self-esteem, stress, and mistreatment appraisal. A multivariable linear regression analysis indicated age (p = 0.005), stress (p = 0.019), and previous observation of mistreatment during education (p < 0.001) to be significantly associated with mistreatment appraisal. Younger students, stressed students, and students that had observed more mistreatment during their education reported more positive mistreatment appraisal. No significant association was observed for origin (p = 0.373) and self-esteem (p = 0.445). Findings can be utilized to develop educational interventions that counteract mistreatment during childbirth in the Ethiopian context.

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Porter, Catherine, Marta Favara, Annina Hittmeyer, Douglas Scott, Alan Sánchez Jiménez, Revathi Ellanki, Tassew Woldehanna, Le Thuc Duc, Michelle G. Craske, and Alan Stein. "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depression symptoms of young people in the global south: evidence from a four-country cohort study." BMJ Open 11, no. 4 (April 2021): e049653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049653.

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ObjectiveTo provide evidence on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young people who grew up in poverty in low/middle-income countries (LMICs).DesignA phone survey administered between August and October 2020 to participants of a population-based longitudinal cohort study established in 2002 comprising two cohorts born in 1994–1995 and 2001–2002 in Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh and Telangana), Peru and Vietnam. We use logistic regressions to examine associations between mental health and pandemic-related stressors, structural factors (gender, age), and lifelong protective/risk factors (parent and peer relationship, wealth, long-term health problems, past emotional problems, subjective well-being) measured at younger ages.SettingA geographically diverse, poverty-focused sample, also reaching those without mobile phones or internet access.Participants10 496 individuals were approached; 9730 participated. Overall, 8988 individuals were included in this study; 4610 (51%) men and 4378 (49%) women. Non-inclusion was due to non-location or missing data.Main outcome measuresSymptoms consistent with at least mild anxiety or depression were measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (≥5) or Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (≥5).ResultsRates of symptoms of at least mild anxiety (depression) were highest in Peru at 41% (32%) (95% CI 38.63% to 43.12%; (29.49–33.74)), and lowest in Vietnam at 9% (9%) (95% CI 8.16% to 10.58%; (8.33–10.77)), mirroring COVID-19 mortality rates. Women were most affected in all countries except Ethiopia. Pandemic-related stressors such as health risks/expenses, economic adversity, food insecurity, and educational or employment disruption were risk factors for anxiety and depression, though showed varying levels of importance across countries. Prior parent/peer relationships were protective factors, while long-term health or emotional problems were risk factors.ConclusionPandemic-related health, economic and social stress present significant risks to the mental health of young people in LMICs where mental health support is limited, but urgently needed to prevent long-term consequences.

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Chuma, Bekalu Thomas, Getu Gamo Sagaro, and Feleke Hailemichael Astawesegn. "Magnitude and Predictors of Antenatal Depression among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Sodo Town, Southern Ethiopia: Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study." Depression Research and Treatment 2020 (April 1, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6718342.

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Background. Depression affects approximately 10 to 20% of pregnant women globally, and one in ten and two in five women in developed and developing countries develop depression during pregnancy, respectively. However, evidence regarding its magnitude and predictors in Southern Ethiopia is limited. The present study is aimed at assessing the magnitude and predictors of antenatal depression among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Sodo town. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 antenatal care attendants in Sodo town from November 2 to January 30, 2017. Systematic random sampling was used to select the study population, and data were collected by using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Data were entered using Epi-data 4.2 and then exported and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between the dependent variable and independent variables. Variables with P value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results. A total of 400 pregnant women were interviewed. The magnitude of antenatal depression was 16.3% (95% CI (12.8%, 19.9%)). Husband’s educational status, at the college and above (AOR: 0.09; 95% CI (0.03, 0.34), regular exercise (AOR: 0.16; 95% CI (0.07, 0.36)), planned pregnancy (AOR: 0.16; 95% CI (0.06, 0.44)), use of family planning (AOR: 0.31; 95% CI (0.14, 0.66)), previous history of anxiety (AOR: 2.96; 95% CI (1.30, 6.74)), previous history of obstetric complications (AOR: 19.03; 95% CI (5.89, 61.47)), and current obstetric complications (AOR: 30.38; 95% CI (3.14, 294.19)) were significant predictors of antenatal depression. Conclusion. Nearly one in six pregnant women had antenatal depression. The husband’s educational status, regular exercise, planned pregnancy, use of family planning, previous history of anxiety, previous history of obstetric complications, and current history of obstetric complications were significant predictors of antenatal depression. Screening for depression during routine antenatal care could be essential and recommended to identify early and prevent further morbidities and mortalities due to antenatal depression.

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Debele, Serawit B. "MARRIAGE AND EMPIRE: CONSOLIDATION IN POST-LIBERATION ETHIOPIA (1941–74)." Journal of African History 61, no. 2 (July 2020): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853720000316.

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AbstractThis article deals with marriage as mobilized by the Ethiopian Empire as part of its consolidation processes after 1941. It particularly concentrates on post-liberation anxiety and how the Ethiopian Empire envisioned tackling this disquiet by reforming marriage. Within the context of (re)building the empire, policies, laws, and discourses around monogamous marriage instilled normative ideas to produce the imperial subjects — procreative and productive — that a modernizing empire required. Sex was articulated within the confines of a heterosexual union, not only as a legitimate act but also as a responsibility of couples who were accountable for the consolidation of the empire. Sexual relations out of marriage were condemned as a source of degeneracy and the ensuing danger that confronted the empire. New laws were introduced to legislate sex to tackle the unease the empire felt about non-normative sex and associated pleasure(s). What started out as a battle against the Italian legacy continued more forcefully in the 1950s and 1960s with the rise of ‘new problems’ that educated young women and men posed. The article relies on a range of sources such as policy, legal, religious, and travel documents; newspapers; and novels, as well as self-help books produced between the 1940s and 1960s.

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Getinet, Wondale, Tadele Amare, Berhanu Boru, Shegaye Shumet, Wubet Worku, and Telake Azale. "Prevalence and Risk Factors for Antenatal Depression in Ethiopia: Systematic Review." Depression Research and Treatment 2018 (July 9, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3649269.

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Introduction. Antenatal depression is a syndrome, in which women experience depressed mood, excessive anxiety, insomnia, and change in weight during the period of pregnancy. Maternal depression negatively influences child outcomes and maternal health. Antenatal depression was measured by different rating scales, namely, BDI, EPDS, and PHQ. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize logical evidence about the prevalence and potential risk factors of antenatal depression in Ethiopia. Methods. Our team explored multiple databases including PSYCHINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and Google Search to detect studies published with data on the prevalence of antenatal depression. We found 246 research papers on antenatal depression, of which 210 did not correspond to the title and 27 were duplicates. Subsequently, nine articles were used for synthesis prevalence, of which four studies were selected in the analysis of the effect of unplanned pregnancy on antenatal depression. Figures were extracted from published reports and grey literature, and any lost information was requested from investigators. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. Results. The pooled prevalence of antenatal depression for five studies selected, which had used BDI, was 25.33 (20.74, 29.92). The other four studies that had included other screening tools (3 EPDS and 1 PHQ) had the prevalence decreased to 23.56 (19.04, 28.07), and the pooled effect of unplanned pregnancy on antenatal depression was 1.93 (1.81, 2.06). Factors such as age, marital status, income, occupation, history of the previous mental disorder, antenatal follow-up, unplanned pregnancy, complication during to pregnancy, age of mother during pregnancy, conflict, and social support were associated with antenatal depression. Conclusions. Antenatal depression is a common maternal problem; further attention should be given to the effect of unplanned pregnancy, social support, pregnancy-related complications, family conflicts, and violence on pregnant women. All these are possible risk factors for antenatal depression.

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Hailemariam, Shewangizaw, Wubetu Agegnehu, and Misganaw Derese. "Exploring COVID-19 Related Factors Influencing Antenatal Care Services Uptake: A Qualitative Study among Women in a Rural Community in Southwest Ethiopia." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 12 (January 2021): 215013272199689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132721996892.

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Introduction: Evidences suggest a significant decline in maternal health service uptake following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Ethiopia. However, COVID-19 related factors impacting the service uptake are not sufficiently addressed. Hence, the current study was intended to explore COVID-19 related factors influencing antenatal care service uptake in rural Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based qualitative study was conducted from September 25/2020 to November 25/2020 among selected pregnant women residing in rural districts of Bench-Sheko Zone, and healthcare providers working in the local health care facilities. Six focus group discussions and 9 in-depth interviews were made between pregnant women, and health care providers, respectively. Data was collected by health education and behavioral science professionals who also have experience in qualitative data collection procedure. Data were transcribed, translated, and analyzed thematically using Open Code 4.0 software. Result: The study revealed several COVID-19 related factors influencing the uptake of antenatal care service during the pandemic. Health facility related barriers, perceived poor quality of care during the pandemic, government measures against COVID-19, anxiety related to the pandemic, and risk minimization were the identified factors possibly influencing the current antenatal care service uptake among women in rural Bench-Sheko Zone. Conclusion: COVID-19 preventive measures, and health facility related factors and individual factors were responsible for the current decline in antenatal care service uptake. Preserving essential health care service is critical to prevent avoidable losses of maternal and child lives during the pandemic period. Hence, programs and strategies designed to maintain maternal health services particularly, antenatal care service have better take the above determinants into consideration.

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Belete, Habte, and Eyaya Misgan. "Determinants of Insomnia among Mothers during Postpartum Period in Northwest Ethiopia." Sleep Disorders 2019 (April 1, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3157637.

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Objective. Postpartum period is a state of instability that may be accompanied by mood liability, anxiety, insomnia, and neuropsychiatric disturbance in women. This neuropsychiatric disturbance has a negative influence on the child’s psychological and physical development. Our aim was to see the level of sleep difficulties among postpartum mothers in three obstetric care settings in Ethiopia. Method. Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted at one referral hospital and two health centers. A total of 988 postpartum mothers had been interviewed for sleep difficulties by using Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were used and P-value <0.05 was used for indicating significant variables. Result. The prevalence of sleep difficulty between four to six weeks of postpartum period was 21.8% (215/988). Marital status of divorced/widowed/separated [AOR= 2.29, 95% CI (1.40, 6.08)], no educational opportunity [AOR= 2.35, 95% CI (1.57, 3.51)], having poor social support [AOR=2.82, 95% CI (1.63, 4.88)], alcohol use [AOR=1.58, 95% CI (1.13, 2.22)], history of depression [AOR=1.93, 95% CI (1.13, 3.31)], and who has poor support from husband [AOR=1.94, 95% CI (1.18, 3.18)] had association with sleep difficulty. Conclusion. There is a high magnitude of sleep difficulties during four to six weeks of postpartum period in postpartum mothers and they are associated with many preventable risk factors.

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Urgessa Gita, Dinaol, Getachew Abeshu, and Berhanu NigussieWorku. "Street Children’s Drug Abuse and Their Psychosocial Actualities Synchronized with Intervention Strategies in South West Ethiopia." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 5 (November 16, 2019): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i5.1170.

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Today’s children in developing countries are growing up in an increasingly stressful circumstance. As consumption of substances is increased, the of age of beginning is falling. Hence, this research examined street children’s drug abuse, their psychosocial actualities synchronized with intervention strategies. Explanatory sequential research design was employed. A total of 150 street children and four key informants were selected through simple random sampling using lottery methods and purposive sampling technique respectively. Questionnaire, interview guide, FGD probes and observation checklist were employed as tools of data collection. The result of the study portrayed that sniffing glue and gasoline were becoming the drugs of choice for most children living on the street. Further, street children faced various psychological and social strainsfrom absence of meeting their basic social needs and services to certain disorders like depression, anxiety, and stress. Government bodies’ interventions were limited andinconsistentthat only undergoesinformal education thatcould not bring considerable change; it lacks solidity and incompatibility with the number of street children runway over a time in the study area. In conclusion, most of the street children in South west Ethiopia are at adversary peak of drug abuse and psychosocial challenges. Thus, South-West areas Women and Children Affairs Offices, Labor and Social Affairs Offices and GOs and NGOs working on these matters ought to take these issues into greater consideration and act accordingly. In collaboration with professionals, they also need to work on drug free child sensitive preventive and rehabilitation counseling and other psychosocial support.

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Nigussie, Kabtamu, Bizuneh Tesfaye, Alemu Lemma, and Habtamu Kerebih. "Magnitude and associated factors of suicidal ideation and attempt among people with epilepsy attending outpatient treatment at primary public hospitals in northwest Ethiopia: a multicentre cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e043227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043227.

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess magnitude and associated factors of suicidal ideation and attempt among people with epilepsy attending outpatient treatment at primary public hospitals, northwest Ethiopia using suicide module of World Mental Health Survey initiative version of the WHO, composite international diagnostic interview.DesignMulticentre-based cross-sectional study was used.SettingData were collected using face to face interview from patients with epilepsy who attended outpatient treatment at primary public hospitals at northwest Ethiopia.ParticipantsAdult patients with epilepsy (n=563) who came to attend outpatient treatment during the study period were included in the study using systematic random sampling technique.Outcome measuresSuicidal ideation, suicidal attempt and factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempt.ResultsThe overall magnitude of suicidal ideation and attempt was 26.5% and 12.6%, respectively. Being woman adjusted OR ((AOR)=1.68, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.23), living alone (AOR=2.4, 95% CI 1.47 to 3.92), divorced/widowed/(AOR=2.2, 95% CI 1.09 to 7.8), family history of suicidal attempt (AOR=2.53, 95% CI 1.34 to 4.79), depression (AOR=3.18, 95% CI 1.85 to 5.45), anxiety (AOR=2.92, 95% CI 1.68 to 5.09), comorbid medical illness (AOR=2.60, 95% CI 1.17 to 5.82) and poor social support (AOR=2.35, 95% CI 1.26 to 4.40) were statistically associated with suicidal ideation. Depression (AOR=4.87, 95% CI 2.56 to 9.28) living alone (AOR=2.66, 95% CI 1.62 to 5.41), family history of committed suicide (AOR=2.80, 95% CI 1.24 to 6.39), taking medication for mental illness (AOR=2.17, 95% CI 1.06 to 4.46), hazardous alcohol use (AOR=2.10, 95% CI 1.05 to 4.23) were statistically associated with suicidal attempts at a p value <0.05.ConclusionThis study showed that the magnitude of suicidal ideation and attempt was high among people with epilepsy. Being woman, living alone, having depression and anxiety, single, divorced/widowed in marital status, family history of suicidal attempt and poor social support were statistically associated with suicidal ideation. Having depression, living alone, family history of suicide attempt, hazardous alcohol use and drug taking for mental illness were statistically associated with suicidal attempt. Based on the findings of this study early screening, detection and management of suicide were recommended in people with epilepsy.

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Cameron, Oliver G., and Elizabeth M. Hill. "Women and Anxiety." Psychiatric Clinics of North America 12, no. 1 (March 1989): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0193-953x(18)30459-3.

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Teklemichael, Makda. "Contemporary Women Artists in Ethiopia." African Arts 42, no. 1 (March 2009): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/afar.2009.42.1.38.

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Kedir, Abbi, and Lul Admasachew. "Violence against women in Ethiopia." Gender, Place & Culture 17, no. 4 (July 8, 2010): 437–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966369x.2010.485832.

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Lee Calvin, Rosie. "Preoperative Anxiety in Women." AORN Journal 70, no. 3 (September 1999): 504–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(06)62337-5.

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Wiens, Arlene G. "Preoperative Anxiety in Women." AORN Journal 68, no. 1 (July 1998): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(06)62716-6.

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Pigott, Teresa A. "Anxiety disorders in women." Psychiatric Clinics of North America 26, no. 3 (September 2003): 621–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0193-953x(03)00040-6.

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Thomson, Ann M. "Women with obstetric fistula in Ethiopia." Midwifery 23, no. 4 (December 2007): 335–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2007.09.004.

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OHGA, Akiko, Yoshiko YAMAGUCHI, Emiko MINAGAWA, and Yahiyo FUJITA. "Anxiety Change of Postpartum Women." Journal of Japan Academy of Midwifery 10, no. 1 (1996): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3418/jjam.10.46.

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Howell, Heather B., Olga Brawman-Mintzer, Jeannine Monnier, and Kimberly A. Yonkers. "Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Women." Psychiatric Clinics of North America 24, no. 1 (March 2001): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70212-4.

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Weissman, Jay, and Stephen dLevine. "Anxiety Disorders and Older Women." Journal of Women & Aging 19, no. 1-2 (June 13, 2007): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j074v19n01_06.

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Kendler, Kenneth S. "Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Women." Archives of General Psychiatry 49, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820040019002.

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Bennett, Kate, and Robin Stevens. "Weight Anxiety in Older Women." European Eating Disorders Review 4, no. 1 (March 1996): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0968(199603)4:1<32::aid-erv113>3.0.co;2-s.

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Salih Joelsson, L., T. Tydén, K. Wanggren, M. K. Georgakis, J. Stern, A. Berglund, and A. Skalkidou. "Anxiety and depression symptoms among sub-fertile women, women pregnant after infertility treatment, and naturally pregnant women." European Psychiatry 45 (September 2017): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.07.004.

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AbstractBackground:Infertility has been associated with psychological distress, but whether these symptoms persist after achieving pregnancy via assisted reproductive technology (ART) remains unclear. We compared the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms between women seeking for infertility treatment and women who conceived after ART or naturally.Methods:Four hundred and sixty-eight sub-fertile non-pregnant women, 2972 naturally pregnant women and 143 women pregnant after ART completed a questionnaire in this cross-sectional study. The Anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A≥8) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS≥12) were used for assessing anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. Multivariate Poisson regression models with robust variance were applied to explore associations with anxiety and depressive symptoms.Results:The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among sub-fertile, non-pregnant women (57.6% and 15.7%, respectively) were significantly higher compared to women pregnant after ART (21.1% and 8.5%, respectively) and naturally pregnant women (18.8% and 10.3%, respectively). History of psychiatric diagnosis was identified as an independent risk factor for both anxiety and depressive symptoms. The presence of at least one unhealthy lifestyle behavior (daily tobacco smoking, weekly alcohol consumption, BMI≥25, and regular physical exercise < 2 h/week) was also associated with anxiety (Prevalence Ratio, PR: 1.24; 95%CI: 1.09–1.40) and depressive symptoms (PR: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.04–1.49).Conclusions:Women pregnant after ART showed no difference in anxiety and depressive symptoms compared to naturally pregnant women. However, early psychological counseling and management of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors for sub-fertile women may be advisable, particularly for women with a previous history of psychiatric diagnosis.

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Kebede, Wassie, and Alice K. Butterfield. "Social networks among poor women in Ethiopia." International Social Work 52, no. 3 (May 2009): 357–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872808102069.

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English Social networks are social capital for poor women living in a slum neighborhood in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Based on neighborhood, friendship, kinship, gender and ethnic ties, informal networks provide social, emotional and financial support. Social network analysis is a promising method for community development and participatory social work in Africa. French Les réseaux sociaux représentent un capital social pour les femmes pauvres qui vivent dans les bidonvilles à Addis-Abeba, en Ethiopie. Basés sur des liens de voisinage, d’amitié, de parenté, de genre et de culture, les réseaux informels apportent un soutien social, affectif et financier. L’analyse du réseau social est une méthode prometteuse pour le développement communautaire et le travail social participatif en Afrique. Spanish Las redes sociales son de suma importancia para las mujeres pobres que viven en los barrios de pocos recursos de Addis Abeba, Etiopía. Basadas en barrios, amistades, relaciones, géneros y lazos étnicos, las redes informales proveen ayuda social, emocional y financiera. El análisis de las redes sociales es un método promisorio para el desarrollo de las comunidades y el trabajo social participativo en África.

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Alemu Mihret, Yenew. "Factors Associated with Women Unemployment in Ethiopia." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics 5, no. 5 (2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtam.20190505.11.

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Getahun, H., and Y. Berhane. "Abortion among rural women in north Ethiopia." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 71, no. 3 (November 30, 2000): 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(00)00279-4.

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Stoehr, Kathleen Jablon. "Mathematics Anxiety." Journal of Teacher Education 68, no. 1 (December 2, 2016): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022487116676316.

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Mathematics educators agree elementary teachers should possess confidence and competence in teaching mathematics. Many prospective elementary teachers (particularly women) pursue careers in elementary teaching despite personal repeated experiences of mathematics anxiety. Previous studies of mathematics anxiety have tended to focus on physical sensations that occur during test-taking situations. This study analyzes how three women prospective elementary teachers described, explained, and related their experiences of mathematics anxiety while learning mathematics as K-12 students and while learning to teach mathematics. My research reveals that mathematics anxiety may reach beyond assessment situations and impact women prospective elementary teachers’ larger mathematical histories. I show how women prospective elementary teachers may interpret mathematics anxiety as specific fears (e.g., loss of social belonging, loss of personal identity, or loss of practical competency) and how specific coping strategies may be invented to cope with the fear. I present evidence of how coping strategies may impede mathematics learning.

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Kyungil Shin. "Aging Anxiety of Korean Adult women." Korean Journal of Woman Psychology 20, no. 3 (October 2015): 329–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18205/kpa.2015.20.3.005.

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Goldstein, Marion Zucker. "Depression and Anxiety in Older Women." Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 29, no. 1 (March 2002): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4543(03)00074-5.

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Balon, Richard. "Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Women." Annals of Clinical Psychiatry 19, no. 3 (July 2007): 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10401230701557693.

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Ransdell, Lynda B., Christine L. Wells, Melinda M. Manore, Pamela D. Swan, and Charles B. Corbin. "Social Physique Anxiety in Postmenopausal Women." Journal of Women & Aging 10, no. 3 (July 10, 1998): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j074v10n03_03.

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Cagnacci, Angelo, Annibale Volpe, Serenella Arangino, Stefania Malmusi, Francesca Paola Draetta, Maria Lucia Matteo, Elisabetta Maschio, Anna Maria Beatrice Vacca, and Gian Benedetto Melis. "Depression and Anxiety in Climacteric Women." Menopause 4, no. 4 (1997): 206???211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042192-199704040-00006.

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Lee, Wen-Ling, Fa-Kung Lee, and Ming-Kwang Shyu. "Mammography screening causes anxiety in women." Journal of the Chinese Medical Association 78, no. 4 (April 2015): 261–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2015.03.001.

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Gurnita, Fauziah Iinda, Ari Suwondo, and Rara Sri Endang PujiAstuti. "Factor of Anxiety Level Primiparous Women." Journal of Midwifery 5, no. 1 (February 21, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jom.5.1.8-12.2020.

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The majority of primiparous woman signs of anxiety are often overlooked due to a lack of awareness of the impact of later life on the child's mother, husband or other family relationships which will be a psychological burden for primiparaous. Factors studied were age, education, job, economic status is not affected to anxiety level primiparous woman. Ethnic group influences anxiety level because it shapes the environment and effective perceptions for primiparous mothers and families. Because ethnic group make environmental entity shapes how the mother's psychological state runs during the postpartum process.

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Stephenson, Hugh, and Nicholas F. Quarrier. "Anxiety Sensitivity and Performance Anxiety in College Music Students." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2005.3024.

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The role of individual differences in anxiety sensitivity was explored in a sample of 67 college-level music students. Individuals high in anxiety sensitivity report greater fear of bodily sensations. Although developed in research on panic disorder, anxiety sensitivity was hypothesized to predict performance anxiety. Anxiety sensitivity was found to predict performance anxiety and was a better predictor than trait anxiety. Overall, anxiety sensitivity was a better predictor of performance anxiety in women than men, and sensitivity to cognitive symptoms was a better predictor of performance anxiety than sensitivity to physiologic symptoms for both men and women. Gender differences emerged in the patterns of anxiety sensitivity, with men having stronger associations between fears of cognitive dyscontrol and performance anxiety than women, while women alone had associations between fears of cardiovascular and respiratory symptoms and performance anxiety. Those highest in anxiety sensitivity were found also to report less enjoyment while playing and more pain. Suggestions for future research are made, and implications for treatment programs are explored.

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Debela Bedada, Mergitu. "Women Proficiency for Global Crises Management in Ethiopia." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, no. 04 (April 18, 2020): 1703–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i04.em03.

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The COVID-19 virus is a new pathogen that is highly contagious, can spread quickly, and considered capable of causing enormous health, economic and societal impacts in any setting. According to WHO report, about (78%-85%) human-to-human transmission of the COVID-19 virus is the household transmission have occurred in families. The main purpose of this article is to assess the potential of women in crises management. These findings suggest that, women leadership has a potential advantage in crises management mainly because, women are on average more likely than men to adopt a relational approach to leadership. So that Ethiopia, will benefit more , hence the country’s more than half of the population and 50% of top-level leaders are women as a golden opportunity for Ethiopia to easily overcome this pandemic crisis by engaging a full potential of women at all levels. I recommend for Ethiopian government to use this acknowledged golden opportunity of having more women leaders especially at top-level and having women more than half of the population by mobilizing this women force up to family level to overcome this pandemic disease more better than any countries in the world.

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Kabeta, Temesgen. "REVIEW OF MICROFINANCE AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN ETHIOPIA." American Journal of Finance 2, no. 6 (July 13, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajf.267.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review the role of microfinance and empowering women in Ethiopia Findings: According to findings of different authors microfinance is providing financial services to unemployed and low income individuals or groups who would have no access to formal banking services. It has positive impact on the living standard of the poor people in particular and alleviating poverty in their household in general. It is not only undermining poverty in the country, but also empowering women through surviving and making their life prosperous with dignity and self reliance by providing financial services. And also Ethiopian Microfinance is facing different challenges in empowering such as lack of collateral assets, lack of information, work burden, production failures, verbal abuse, lack of infrastructure, low institutional capacity and opportunities of women in microfinance are providing startup capital, women empowerment, poverty eradication, social and political empowerment, improved saving skills and the above challenges listed should be take consideration by government and concerned body as well as problem solving study must be conducted.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It is better when countries microfinance would be more diversified its services to poor categories of the women. Infrastructural facilities must be fulfilled for microfinance institution to empower women

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Dr.D.SARAVANAN, Dr D. SARAVANAN, Dr O. M. HAJA MOHIDEEN, and Dr MOHAMED SEID. "Challenges and Prospects of Women Entrepreneurs in Ethiopia." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 8 (June 15, 2012): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/august2014/110.

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41

Boshe, Bergene, Samson Gebremedhin, Fikadu Alemayehu, Mesfin Eshete, Mestawet Taye, and Barbara J. Stoecker. "Aflatoxin exposure among lactating women in southern Ethiopia." Food Science & Nutrition 8, no. 12 (October 26, 2020): 6738–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1968.

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Semela, Tesfaye, Hirut Bekele, and Rahel Abraham. "Women and Development in Ethiopia: A Sociohistorical Analysis." Journal of Developing Societies 35, no. 2 (June 2019): 230–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x19844438.

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This article analyzes the role of women as both contributors to and beneficiaries of the socio-economic development of Ethiopia over the past century during three divergent political regimes. Employing the social constructivist and feminist notions of doing and undoing gender, and Bourdieu’s concept of “Habitus” as its theoretical lenses, this study examines how women were able to deal with the external pressures exerted by social and institutional structures and navigated through a predominantly masculine world to negotiate their changing roles in the Ethiopian society. Based on a review of the relevant literature, analysis of government policies and strategies, and official statistics, this study traces the historical trajectories of Ethiopian women since the early modern imperial era to the present. The study also identifies policy options that have helped to overcome the deep-sited inequalities between men and women in the Ethiopian context.

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Hanlon, Charlotte, Girmay Medhin, Atalay Alem, Mesfin Araya, Abdulreshid Abdulahi, Markos Tesfaye, Dawit Wondimagegn, et al. "Measuring common mental disorders in women in Ethiopia." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 43, no. 8 (April 24, 2008): 653–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-008-0342-0.

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Alemu, Dawit G., Zelalem T. Haile, and Donaldson F. Conserve. "Attitude towards female circumcision among women in Ethiopia." Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 29 (September 2021): 100647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2021.100647.

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45

Abdel-Khalek, Ahmed M., and Maher Mahmoud Omar. "Death Anxiety, State and Trait Anxiety in Kuwaitian Samples." Psychological Reports 63, no. 3 (December 1988): 715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.63.3.715.

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200 male and 277 female undergraduates at the University of Kuwait completed the Templer's Death Anxiety Scale and Spielberger, et al.'s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for which retest reliabilities were adequate. Women had higher mean scores than men on death and trait anxiety but they were similar in state anxiety. The mean death anxiety score for Kuwaitians was very close to that of Egyptians. There was similarity in death anxiety between Kuwaitian and United States men, but not women. Significant differences appeared on trait anxiety, showing the order from low to high mean scores: United States, Kuwaitian, and Egyptian university students. Correlations among the scales were significant; however, the correlation between state and trait anxiety was higher than that between death anxiety and both state and trait anxiety for men and women. Death anxiety was associated more closely with trait than with state anxiety.

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46

Sudraba, V., and L. Zemite. "Anxiety indicators for women in the postpartum period." SHS Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184002008.

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Situations, which are dangerous and sad, provoke state anxiety (S-anxiety), but trait anxiety (T-anxiety) shows anxiety like person’s acquired behavioural disposition. The aim was to evaluate postpartum anxiety indicators of women that have had the vaginal birth and women that have had surgery in Riga regional medical institutions that provide obstetric services. Respondents – 100 women (50 – with vaginal birth; 50 – with caesarean section surgery) were surveyed by 2 instruments: the demographic survey and the state – trait anxiety inventory, STAI Form Y-1 (Spielberger et al., 1983, adapted in Latvian by Škuškovnika (2004). The results reflect the statistical difference between State anxiety indicators (S-anxiety) of women that have had the vaginal birth (M=35.38; SD= 9.98) and women that have had the surgery (M=37.20; SD= 9.41) was not found (p=0.304). Indicators of Trait anxiety (T-anxiety) show that there was not statistically significant (p=0.059) difference between women that have had the vaginal birth (M=36.92; SD= 7.81) and women that have had the surgery (M=39.24; SD= 7.56), however, it should be noted that the average anxiety scores were higher after surgery.

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Stramrood, Claire A. I. "Anxiety in childbearing women: diagnosis and treatment." Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 32, no. 4 (October 31, 2011): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/0167482x.2011.626943.

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Gałązka, Iwona, Agnieszka Barbara Drosdzol-Cop, Beata Naworska, Mariola Czajkowska, and Violetta Skrzypulec–Plinta. "Does anxiety modify sexuality of pregnant women?" Ginekologia Polska 88, no. 12 (December 29, 2017): 662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/gp.a2017.0118.

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Kuo, S. Y., and H. K. Au. "Mindfulness and anxiety symptoms in pregnant women." Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 66 (July 2018): S420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2018.05.502.

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ZOLER, MITCHEL L. "Post-AMI Anxiety More Common in Women." Family Practice News 37, no. 4 (February 2007): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(07)70205-0.

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