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Journal articles on the topic 'Anxiety in children – Bangladesh'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Cowdhury, Abu Sayeed, Shubhra Prakash Paul, Rizwanul Ahsan, Al Mamun Shahriar Sarker, Syed Shafi Ahmed Muaz, Nazma Begum, Farhana Noman, and Helal Uddin Ahmed. "Psychological Well-Being of Parents with Hospitalized COVID-19 Infected Children in Bangladesh." Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 28, no. 2 (January 1, 2023): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.51407/mjpch.v28i2.192.

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Objective: Not only has COVID-19 caused unprecedented changes in every sphere of human lives, but it has also simultaneously triggered a wide range of psychological problems within the community. Naturally, parents are prone to being anxious about their children amidst this pandemic. This becomes particularly serious when their children are being affected and hospitalized due to exposure to COVID-19, leading to increased anxiety and depression. Our study aims to assess the level of anxiety and depression and the predictor factors for depression and anxiety among the parents of hospitalized COVID-19-infected children. Method: This cross-sectional study incorporated 160 parents of COVID-19 infected children who were admitted to Mugda Medical College Hospital, Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, and Kurmitola General Hospital between April 2020 and October 2020. Result: The study has revealed that among the 160 participants, every one in five parents (19.37%) was suffering from moderate to severe anxiety, while 43.10% of parents were suffering from moderate and moderately severe depression. More than fifty per cent of the respondents were suffering from minimal anxiety (54.38%), while 43.80% of parents were suffering from minimal depression. City dwellers were more prone to developing both anxiety and depression. Conclusion: About 43.1% of parents suffered from moderate and moderately severe depression, while 54.38% of parents suffered from minimal anxiety. These parents need to be addressed, and proper support & intervention must be ensured.

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Bakchi, Jhantu, Satyajit Kundu, Subarna Ghosh, and Sumaiya Akter. "Intimate Partner Violence in Bangladesh: A Scoping Review." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 9, no. 3 (September 4, 2020): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v9i3.48913.

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Introduction: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has unfavorable consequences for women as well as for newborn babies, which is very serious and preventable public health problem. It is believed to have an excessive occurrence in lives of women in South Asia. The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence, risk factors and consequences of IPV in Bangladesh. Methods: A scoping review was carried out based on the past 12 years of posted and gray literature about IPV in Bangladesh using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. Only the literature addressing abuses or violence in households or outside including physical, sexual or mental violence on the married woman in Bangladesh were taken into consideration for the study. Results: The overall prevalence of IPV in Bangladesh, the latest reviews of rates ranging from 15.5-82.7%.Most of the IPV in Bangladesh was based totally on the experience of legally married women. The main risk factors of IPV in Bangladesh were women being younger, from lower socioeconomic reputation, from lower academic attainment and lower education of husband, dowry, child marriage, perceived disobedience of wives, family conflict, children had recently been ill, and incapability of to furnish sexual satisfaction. Maternal depressive symptoms, signs of stress, anxiety and constraint to the better health of young children are the main consequences of IPV in Bangladesh. Besides, IPV causes unwanted pregnancy, pregnancy loss in the form of miscarriage, induced abortion, or stillbirth and termination of pregnancy in Bangladesh. Conclusions: Woman’s empowerment may reduce IPV and understanding attitudes towards IPV in cultural context could be crucial for developing interventions to reduce IPV and its consequences.

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Karim, Tasneem, Mohammad Muhit, Israt Jahan, Claire Galea, Catherine Morgan, Hayley Smithers-Sheedy, Nadia Badawi, and Gulam Khandaker. "Outcome of Community-Based Early Intervention and Rehabilitation for Children with Cerebral Palsy in Rural Bangladesh: A Quasi-Experimental Study." Brain Sciences 11, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091189.

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We evaluated the outcome of a community-based early intervention and habilitation for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Bangladesh. Children registered on the Bangladesh CP Register (BCPR) were recruited in two groups for this study: Group A received a comprehensive six-month long community-based caregiver-led intervention program at the “Shishu Shorgo” (Bengali title, which translates to ‘Children’s Heaven’) Early Intervention and Rehabilitation Centres developed to support participants from the BCPR. Group B received standard care. A quasi-experimental study was conducted. Data were obtained at baseline, at the end of the program (i.e., 6 months), and at a 12-month follow-up. Outcome measures for children included gross motor functional measure (GMFM-66), Communication Function Classification System (CFCS), and Viking Speech Scale (VSS) and, for adult caregivers, the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS 21). Between October 2016 and March 2017, 156 children with CP were recruited (77 in Group A and 79 in Group B). The total score of GMFM-66, CFCS level, and VSS level significantly improved statistically in Group A (p < 0.05 for all) and deteriorated in Group B (p < 0.001, p = 0.095, p = 0.232). The intervention showed promising outcomes particularly for children with CP under five years of age. There is a need for caregiver-led community-based programs for children with CP in LMICs.

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Karim, Md Enayet, Gopi Kanta Roy, Ramendra Kumar Singha Royle, and Gopal Sankar Dey. "Comparison of depressive disorders between the mothers of children with and without autism spectrum disorder." Bangladesh Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpsy.v31i2.45372.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuro-developmental disorder and a lifelong condition which has considerable impact on parents. Various psychiatric conditions are common in mothers of ASD children including depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, feeling of social isolation and high social anxiety. The objective of the study was to evaluate the presence of depression in mothers of ASD children in comparison with mothers of normally developing children. This was a cross-sectional, comparative and analytical study carried out in the outpatient department of Psychiatry in collaboration with the Shishu Bikash Kendro of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital Sylhet, Bangladesh during the period from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2015. A total of 75 mothers of ASD children were selected by convenient sampling technique and grouped as group A. Another 75 age matched mothers of normally developing children were recruited and grouped as group B. Depression was assessed primarily by using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Those who scored 10 or above points, were evaluated further by mental state examination and DSM 5 criteria. The results showed that, depressive disorder was present in 31 (41.3%) mothers of ASD children and 12 (16.0%) mothers of normally developing children. Significantly higher rate of depressive disorder was present in mothers of ASD children than that of mothers of normally developing children (p=0.001). These findings concluded that the proportion of depressive disorders was higher and statistically significant. Bang J Psychiatry December 2017; 31(2): 32-37

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Akter, Jamila, Manzurul Haque Khan, and Jaglul Gaffer Khan. "Gender Specific Psychological Distress in Cancer Patients with Underage Children." Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh 6, no. 1 (May 15, 2016): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v6i1.27741.

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Background: Psychological distress has become an epidemic among cancer patients. Less is known about the pattern of anxiety and depression in cancer patients with minor children. Gender issue is also important in this regard. Psychological distress is an important predictor of quality of life in cancer patients. A majority of these disorders are eminently treatable.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was done to compare anxiety and depression status between cancer patients having and not having minor children, attending at National Institute of Cancer Research Hospital, Oncology department in Dhaka Medical College Hospital and in Uttara Adhunik Medical College Hospital. The study was conducted for the time period from September, 2012 to June, 2013. In study group, having underage children, 123 cancer patients were included. Whereas in comparison group without having underage children, 116 patients were selected. Purposive sampling was applied. Cancer patients in both groups were selected randomly, each between the age from 20 to 60 years, corresponding to Karnofsky Performance Scale Score > 79. All The included cancer patients were married and did not have history of substance use or any prior psychiatric illness or co morbidities related to development of secondary psychiatric disorders. Distress among the patients were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Two sub scales A Anxiety subscale and D Depression subscale).Result: In the study group, 60.2% respondents was male and 39.8% was female. And in comparison group male and female ratio was 42.2% and 57.8%. Mean age of the participants in study group was 36.97±4.37 and in comparison group was 42.98±11.74 years respectively. The mean duration since diagnosis was 12.85±13.11 months in study group and 11.53±6.72 months in comparison group. Majority of the respondents in study group were suffering from guynaecological cancer (25.2%) and gastro intestinal cancer (25.2%). Whereas majority cancer patients in comparison group were guynaecological cancer (31%) and haematolymphoid cancer (20.7) as well. Metastasis was present in 42.3% patients in study sample and 64.7% patients in comparison group. It was noticed that, both male and female in study group were found significantly more distressed than the comparison group (p < 0.001). In study group mean anxiety score in male (n=74) was 15.72±2.314 and in female (n=49) was 12.06±2.802, i.e. father with minor children were suffering from more anxiety than the mother (t = 7.878, p < 0.001). Mean depression score in male (study group) was 11.91±2.489, whereas in female it was 17.55±2.542, i.e. female cancer patients with minor children were found more depressed than male (t = 12.211; and p < 0.001). In comparison group, mean anxiety score among male (n=49) was 7.27±1.630 and in female (n=67) mean anxiety score was 8.84±1.592. Female were more anxious than male in comparison group (t = 5.196; p < 0.001). In this group, mean depression score in male was 9.671±1.651 and in female it was 8.58±2.161. Male without minor children were found more depressed than female in this group (t = 2.958; p = 0.004).But among all the cancer patients majority of female were found anxious (93.1%) i.e prevalence of anxiety was more in female. And majority of the male respondents (95.1%) were depressed; (odds ratio; depression in male: female = 3.120; CI at 95% level from 1.176 to 8.276).Conclusion: Cancer father with minor children were more prone to development of higher anxiety. And anxiety was more prevalent in female among all the cancer patients with and without minor children.J. Paediatr. Surg. Bangladesh 6(1): 10-15, 2015 (Jan)

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Haque, Mahjabeen, and Mostak Ahamed Imran. "Adaptation of Stirling children’s well-being scale (SCWBS) in Bangladesh context." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 25, no. 2 (July 20, 2016): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v25i2.46338.

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The purpose of this study was to adapt Stirling Children’s Well-Being Scale (SCWBS) for measuring well-being of children of Bangladesh. Data were collected from 238 students, ages between 10 to 16 years of three different schools of Dhaka city. Psychometric properties were measured through Cronbach’s alpha (0.746), split-half (0.782), test-retest (0.791), which were satisfactory, respectively at 0.05, 0.05, and 0.01 level of significance. The demonstration of construct validity with Beck Self-Concept Inventory for Youth (BSCI-Y) and Beck Anxiety Inventory for Youth (BAI-Y) (two subtests of Adapted Bangla Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment Scale) were 0.668 and –0.350, respectively, and item-total correlation (0.258 to 0.451) was also satisfactory. Thus psychometric results support that Bangla SCWBS is suitable for use in Bangladesh context. Mental health professionals can use Bangla SCWBS as a useful tool to assess changes in children’s wellbeing from a positive psychological perspective. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 25(2): 161-167, 2016 (July)

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Rayhan, Md Golam, Mohammad Nurunnabi, Shahnaz Kabir, and Badrul Alam. "Mental Stress of Parents Having Thalassemic Children." KYAMC Journal 13, no. 2 (September 5, 2022): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v13i2.61340.

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Background: Thalassaemia is an emerging global public health concern. It is considering as a rapidly growing major health burden for low- and middle income countries. The prevalence of thalassaemia is increasing in Bangladesh, indicates that thalassemia will be an emerging health burden for our country. Objective: To assess the level of mental stress among parents with a thalassemic child. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the 141 parents with a thalassemic child in the purposively selected two hospitals’ Dhaka Shishu Hospital and Bangladesh Thalassemia Hospital in Dhaka. ‘Parental stress scale’ (PSS) was used to measure the level of stress. Results: The mean age of the parents was 36.2±8.8 years and nearly two-thirds (63.8%) of them were aged below 40 years. Almost half of the participants (49.6%) and their spouses (59.6%) completed their education upto the higher secondary level. The mean monthly family income was 27,113.5±46,696.9 taka. More than half of the parent’s (53.2%) had low level of mental stress. The education, occupation, monthly family income, presence of >1 thalassaemic child in family, received blood from a voluntary blood donor, normal growth of thalassaemic child and history of thalassaemic child death were significantly associated with the level of mental stress by PSS scores of the parents (p<0.05). The level of stress was low among the parents, whose educational level was up to primary level (68.6%), occupation as a business (68.4%), monthly family income ≥50,001 taka (85.7%), presence of >1 beta thalassaemia major child (47.6%), received blood from a voluntary blood donor (50.0%), had a history of normal growth of thalassaemic child (60.4%) and had no history of thalassaemic child death (50.0%). Conclusion: Existence of the children with thalassemia in a family cause massive stress and anxiety for parents. Psychological supports for them are essential as a part of comprehensive medical care along with clinical management of the thalassemic child. The burden of disease can be reduced through effective preventive approaches, such as carrier screening, prenatal counseling and diagnosis. KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 02, July 2022: 102-107

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Syed, Sifat E., and Mohammad SI Mullick. "Clinical Profile and Co-morbidities of Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Bangladesh." Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons 38, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v38i1.44686.

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Background: Among juvenile behavior disorders, Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) are predominant ones and are of great concern because of their high degree of impairment. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and National Institute of Mental Health, Dhaka, during the period from August 2011 to November 2012 with sample size of 81. During data collection, semi-structured questionnaire designed by the researcher containing socio-demographic variables and Developments and Well–Being Assessment (DAWBA) – self, parent and teacher version were used. Results: Symptom profile showed that oppositional symptoms had no significant age or gender difference but aggressive symptoms, status offenses and property offenses were clearly more common among boys. Younger boys with Conduct disorder showed more aggressive symptoms, but status offense was more prevalent in older age group. Property offenses showed no age difference. Psychiatric co-morbidity was present in 48.1% respondents, among them; Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was highest (24.7%). ADHD was more prevalent in children with ODD and Major Depressive Disorder was more common in Conduct disorder. Total percentage of anxiety disorders was 14.8%. Conclusion: This was the first study in Bangladesh exploring the clinical profiles of Conduct disorder and Oppositional defiant disorder in hospital setting. Absence of control group and city based study places were the limitations of the research. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(1): 29-34

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Azad, Abul Kalam, Mozibul Haque, and Aminul Islam. "Anesthesia with mask free sleep inducing balloon in pediatric patients; A tertiary care hospital experience." Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons 39, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v39i1.50449.

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Introduction: Children are habitually frightened and become combative during the induction of anesthesia. It is challenging for pediatric anesthesiologists to minimize psychological upset by reducing scaring environment of operating room and to facilitate a smooth induction of anesthesia. Use of force to handle severely anxious and scared children may lead to postoperative behavioral problems. Purpose: There is an immense need to develop a simple device to ensure mask free and stress-less induction for children. Sleep Inducing Balloon is the mask-free and stress-less anesthesia delivery system designed for children which is not only fulfilling the criteria of ideal breathing system but also replaces anxiety with amusement and fear with fun! Methods: A study was conducted among 100 children between 6 months to 7 years of age, during the period of Apr 2018 to Dec 2018 to find out the induction time of Sleep Inducing Balloon who were scheduled for elective short surgical procedure under general anaesthesia having ASA grading I and II. While doing so, children receive constant gas mixture of 5L oxygen mixed with 5% sevoflurane till fall asleep. Results: A total 100 patients were included in this study to record induction time, heart rate and oxygen saturation to validate the function of Sleep Inducing Balloon. Mean age of the children was 3.50±1.04 years, mean weight was 10.7±3.24 Kgs and mean heart rate was 120±8.3/min. Most of the children had ASA grade-I (96%) and oxygen saturation was 99%. Induction time was 60-80 seconds in 26% patients, and 81-100 seconds in 45% of the children. In 24% children the induction time was 101-120 seconds, 5% children took more than two minutes for induction. There was no failure and adverse events were easy to manage. Conclusion: Mask free sleep inducing balloon is a safe and successful way of anesthetic induction in pediatric patients. The procedure ensures a stress-free peaceful event in frightened children. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2021; 39(1): 19-23

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Md Shafiqul Islam, Sabbya Sachi, and Md Rakibul Hasan. "An investigation of chronic exposure of lead to the pregnant laboratory animal and its effects on their offspring: Autism investigation to the laboratory animal model in Bangladesh." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 5, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 085–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2021.5.3.0022.

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Lead poisoning is a continuing crisis impacting learning, neurological and behavioral development in children. This study investigated an important outcome from the environmental lead contamination which cause retardation of infant’s brain development. A total of 30 Swiss albino mice of both sexes were used in this study and divide into three groups consisting 6 female and 4 male in each group. Two groups of mice were given lead treated drinking (30 ppm and 230 ppm respectively) and rat pellets ad libitum and the control mice were supplied normal drinking water and rat pellets ad libitum. At 20-21th days of pregnancy lead-induced female mouse gave birth to a litter of 5-6 pups; whereas, control mouse gave birth to 10-13 pups at a time. Both lead-induced and controlled offspring were found normal; however, some lead-induced offspring were found comparatively smaller than the control one. Autism spectrum disorder behavioral diagnostic tools were used to explore the level of autism, if any. The anxiety assessment marble burying investigation did not reveal any significant differences among the group’s mice. Three chambered social interaction analysis found no significant differences among the mice. Blood serum level of lead for controlled mice were found 0.333mg/dL, whereas, 30 ppm and 230 ppm lead-induced born mice were found 3.833mg/dL and 9.666mg/dL respectively. This study suggested that a genetic predisposition pair with exposure to environmental toxicants play important role in the causes of autism spectrum disorder. Lead is not the pivotal factor of autism development in new born offspring in mice

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McIvor, Claire, Yassaman Vafai, Brian Kelly, Sarah E. O’Toole, Michelle Heys, Ellena Badrick, Halima Iqbal, Kate E. Pickett, Claire Cameron, and Josie Dickerson. "The Impact of the Pandemic on Mental Health in Ethnically Diverse Mothers: Findings from the Born in Bradford, Tower Hamlets and Newham COVID-19 Research Programmes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (November 2, 2022): 14316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114316.

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Restrictions implemented by the UK Government during the COVID-19 pandemic have served to worsen mental health outcomes, particularly amongst younger adults, women, those living with chronic health conditions, and parents of young children. Studies looking at the impact for ethnic minorities have reported inconsistent findings. This paper describes the mental health experiences of mothers from a large and highly ethnically diverse population during the pandemic, using secondary analysis of existing data from three COVID-19 research studies completed in Bradford and London (Tower Hamlets and Newham). A total of 2807 mothers participated in this study with 44% White British, 23% Asian/Asian British Pakistani, 8% Other White and 7% Asian/Asian British Bangladeshi backgrounds. We found that 28% of mothers experienced clinically important depressive symptoms and 21% anxiety symptoms during the pandemic. In unadjusted analyses, mothers from White Other, and Asian/Asian British Bangladeshi backgrounds had higher odds of experiencing symptoms, whilst mothers from Asian/Asian British Indian backgrounds were the least likely to experience symptoms. Once loneliness, social support and financial insecurity were controlled for, there were no statistically significant differences in depression and anxiety by ethnicity. Mental health problems experienced during the pandemic may have longer term consequences for public health. Policy and decision makers must have an understanding of the high risk of financial insecurity, loneliness and a lack of social support on mother’s mental health, and also recognise that some ethnic groups are far more likely to experience these issues and are, therefore, more vulnerable to poor mental health as a consequence.

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Gupta, Sudip Das, Md Rasiduzzaman, Md Zahurul Haque, Yesmin Sultana, and Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman. "A Randomized Clinical Trial on Imipramine and Oxybutynin for the Treatment of Children With Primary Nocturnal Enuresis." Bangladesh Journal of Urology 21, no. 2 (October 21, 2020): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bju.v21i2.49862.

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Background: Nocturnal enuresis is a common childhood problem. There are several treatment options for the treatment of children with primary enuresis including behavioral modification, drug therapy like tricyclic antidepressant, vasopressin analog and anticholinergic drugs. Objective: To observe the efficacy of oxybutynin and imipramine for the treatment of children with primary nocturnal enuresis in terms of symptom relief and disease control. Materials and methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in urology outpatient department, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka from May 2015 to April 2016. Total 70 patients with primary nocturnal enuresis were selected according to selection criteria. After duly taking informed written consent, patients were randomly divided into 2 groups by lottery method. In this way 35 patients were selected as group- A and 35 patients were selected as group-B. Patients of group-A were treated with imipramine and Group-B were treated with oxybutynin. Results: Age range of the subjects was from 5-16 years. Among them 30% of the subjects in the imipramine group were between 7-9 years of age and 30% of the subjects in the oxybutynin group were between 5-7 years of age. The male-female ratio was 1.2:1.Thirty five percent of the subjects had positive family history while remaining 65% did not have such history. At the base line study, 80% of the subjects did not show satisfactory result following 2 weeks of behavioral modification while 20% showed improvement. Before starting drug therapy, 60% patients had 4-5 bed-wetting nights/week. Following treatment, frequency of bed wetting dropped sharply to <3 at the end of month 3 and begin to rise again after discontinuation of therapy. At the end of month 3, imipramine cured in 46.7% cases with adverse effects like insomnia, nausea, anxiety, palpitation, lethargy while oxybutynin cured 40% patients with more adverse effects like headache, palpitation, dry mouth, constipation, tiredness, nervousness and fever. Early relapse of nocturnal enuresis 3 months after withdrawal the drugs and it was higher in the imipramine treated group than oxybutynin treated group which was 47.8% and 45% respectively. Conclusion: Outcome of imipramine is better than oxybutynin and side effects are significantly higher in oxybutynin. I Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 21, No. 2, July 2018 p.76-82

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Irfan, SM Nurul, Md Mahbubur Rahman, Sangita Mithun, SM Yasir Arafat, and Farzana Zafreen. "Psychological State of Selected Infertile Couples of Bangladesh." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 14, no. 1 (August 22, 2019): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v14i1.42720.

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Introduction: Infertility is an increasingly prevalent condition which causes considerable psychological problems among infertile couples. Objective: To assess the psychological state of infertility in terms of depression, anxiety and stress among the infertile couples of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the fertility centre of Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka from January to July 2018 among purposively selected 112 infertile couple. Data were collected by face to face interview through a pretested semi-structured Bangla questionnaire of Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale and analyzed by computer software SPSS 19.0. Results: Among the 112 infertile couples, depression was found among 54.5%, anxiety among 53.6% and stress in 30.4% of females. Whereas among males depression was found in 38.4%, anxiety 26.8% and stress 21.4%. This study also revealed that couples with primary infertility had more depression, anxiety and stress than others. Conclusion: Females have been psychologically more affected than their husbands due to infertility. More than half of the females had depression and anxiety and about one third was affected by stress which was higher than their husbands. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 41-45

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Blumberg, Marvin L. "Anxiety in Children." American Journal of Psychotherapy 41, no. 4 (October 1987): 617–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1987.41.4.617.

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Biederman, Joseph. "Anxiety in children." Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry 24, no. 4 (July 1985): 506–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60576-8.

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Davis, J. A. "Anxiety in children." Early Human Development 11, no. 2 (July 1985): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3782(85)90110-0.

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MCCRACKEN, JAMES, and DENNIS P. CANTWELL. "Anxiety in Children." American Journal of Psychiatry 143, no. 7 (July 1986): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.143.7.927.

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Lindsay, Stan. "Anxiety in children." Behaviour Research and Therapy 24, no. 1 (1986): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(86)90160-9.

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Al Mamun, Abdullah. "English Language Anxiety of Tertiary Level Learners in Bangladesh: Level and Sources." English Language Teaching 14, no. 11 (October 14, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v14n11p49.

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The prime objectives of this study were to unveil the level of anxiety and the sources of English language anxiety of the tertiary level students of Bangladesh. Through a questionnaire survey using Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale developed by Horwitz et al. (1986), the study found that most of the tertiary level learners have high anxiety of English as a foreign language. Based on an exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis and varimax rotation (Kaiser Normalization), a four-factor (communication anxiety, comprehension and test anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and lack of anxiety) solution emerged. Following a close analysis of the EFA and other established valid models, the study found that six components, namely, speaking anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, peer pressure/social-image anxiety, comprehension-related anxiety, negative attitude towards class, and test anxiety were the main sources of anxiety, which need to be addressed for alleviating the anxiety of the students.

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Al Mamun, Abdullah. "English Language Anxiety of Tertiary Level Learners in Bangladesh: Level and Sources." English Language Teaching 14, no. 11 (October 14, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v14n11p49.

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The prime objectives of this study were to unveil the level of anxiety and the sources of English language anxiety of the tertiary level students of Bangladesh. Through a questionnaire survey using Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale developed by Horwitz et al. (1986), the study found that most of the tertiary level learners have high anxiety of English as a foreign language. Based on an exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis and varimax rotation (Kaiser Normalization), a four-factor (communication anxiety, comprehension and test anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and lack of anxiety) solution emerged. Following a close analysis of the EFA and other established valid models, the study found that six components, namely, speaking anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, peer pressure/social-image anxiety, comprehension-related anxiety, negative attitude towards class, and test anxiety were the main sources of anxiety, which need to be addressed for alleviating the anxiety of the students.

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Anjum, Afifa, Sahadat Hossain, M. Tasdik Hasan, Md Elias Uddin, and Md Tajuddin Sikder. "Anxiety among urban, semi-urban and rural school adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh: Investigating prevalence and associated factors." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): e0262716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262716.

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Background Anxiety disorder is one of the emerging public health problems in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Likewise, in Bangladesh, a growing number of adolescents are experiencing such symptoms though we have very limited research evidence available. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and the factors associated with this condition among urban, semi-urban, and rural school adolescents in Bangladesh. Methods This cross-sectional study used a two-stage cluster sampling procedure. A self-administered questionnaire was conveyed to 2355 adolescents from nine secondary schools of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Of the respondents, 2313 completed the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). Besides, sociodemographic information, self-reported body image as well as modification of Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ) and WHO Global PA Questionnaire (GPAQ) were used to determine the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with anxiety among adolescents. Results A total of 20.1% of adolescents were experiencing moderate to severe anxiety; of them, a significantly higher proportion (49.9%) of female adolescents were suffering more than males (40.1%). Furthermore, age, student’s grade, father’s educational level, number of family members, and residential setting were found to be significantly associated with anxiety among adolescents. In terms of lifestyle factors, irregular physical activity (AOR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.05–1.63), high screen time (AOR: 1.51; 95% CI:1.21–1.88), sleep dissatisfaction (AOR: 3.79; 95% CI: 3.02–4.76), and underweight body image (AOR: 2.37; 95% CI:1.70–3.28) were found to be significantly associated with anxiety among school adolescents of urban, semi-urban, and rural residential settings. Conclusions Anxiety is prevalent among urban, semi-urban, and rural school adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh. To lessen this prevalence of anxiety among Bangladeshi adolescents, evidence-based health programs- healthy school trials—and policies should therefore be taken based on the findings of this study.

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Nihei, T. "Computer-anxiety of children." Japanese journal of ergonomics 28, Supplement (1992): 450–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.28.supplement_450.

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Curran, Joseph. "Anxiety disorders in children." Mental Health Practice 9, no. 7 (April 1, 2006): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/mhp.9.7.28.s27.

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Siegel, Lawrence J. "Helping Children Control Anxiety." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 35, no. 10 (October 1990): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/029136.

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Patel, R. I., R. S. Hannallah, and S. T. Verghese. "PREOPERATIVE ANXIETY IN CHILDREN." Anesthesiology 77, Supplement (September 1992): A1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199209001-01168.

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FORTIER, MICHELLE A., ANTONIO M. DEL ROSARIO, SARAH R. MARTIN, and ZEEV N. KAIN. "Perioperative anxiety in children." Pediatric Anesthesia 20, no. 4 (April 2010): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2010.03263.x.

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Dadds, Mark R., Paula M. Heard, and Ronald M. Rapee. "Anxiety disorders in children." International Review of Psychiatry 3, no. 2 (January 1991): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09540269109110403.

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Avakyan, T. V., and S. V. Volikova. "Social anxiety in children." Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 7, no. 1 (2014): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/pir.2014.0108.

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Love, Steven R. "Anxiety disorders in children." Research in Developmental Disabilities 11, no. 3 (January 1990): 345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0891-4222(90)90020-9.

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Litman, Ronald S. "Allaying Anxiety in Children." Anesthesiology 115, no. 1 (July 1, 2011): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e318220860b.

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Norvell, Nancy. "Anxiety in Children (Book)." Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 14, no. 4 (December 1985): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp1404_19.

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Kain, Zeev N. "Preoperative Anxiety in Children." Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 150, no. 12 (December 1, 1996): 1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1996.02170370016002.

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Thyer, Bruce A. "Anxiety disorders in children." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 5, no. 3 (January 1991): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0887-6185(91)90010-q.

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Sherwood, James V., and Kevin J. O'Connor. "Anxiety disorders in children." Clinical Psychology Review 11, no. 4 (January 1991): 487–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358(91)90120-j.

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Doyle, Melissa M. "Anxiety Disorders in Children." Pediatrics In Review 43, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 618–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.2020-001198.

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Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health disorders in children with clearly defined and empirically based treatment. However, assessment and treatment pose several obstacles for pediatric providers. A child who may have age-appropriate communication skills will still struggle to accurately report the presence, timing, and severity of symptoms. Reports from parents, caregivers, and teachers are often subjective and can focus on 1 aspect of the child’s behavior. Untreated, anxiety disorders have an adverse effect on a child’s functioning, and impairments in physical health, academic performance, and social competence can lead to lifelong consequences. Well-validated and rapidly administered screening tools can be used to gather data from schools and other resources to inform the diagnosis, guide treatment recommendations, and track improvements. Limited training on behavioral health diagnosis and fear of “black box warnings” have left many pediatric clinicians reluctant to prescribe medications. There are readily available practice guidelines for these medications, and data documenting the efficacy of these medications for children should encourage their use.

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Paul, Gowranga, Mohammad Meshbahur Rahman, Shayla Naznin, Mashfiqul Chowdhury, and Md Jamal Uddin. "Depression and Anxiety among University Students: A Comparison between COVID-19 Pandemic Panic Period and Post-panic Period in Bangladesh." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, E (January 2, 2022): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7559.

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BACKGROUND: In Bangladesh, the rapid spread of COVID-19 virus created a panic situation among the citizen. Specially, the psycho-emotional disorder of the university students is increasing which has not been adequately investigated. AIM: Relating this, the study aimed to assess the psycho-emotional changes of the university students through investigating their level of depression and anxiety during panic and post-panic period of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. METHOD: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among the university students in Bangladesh from April to July 2020 (panic period, n = 170) and then from August to November 2020 (post-panic period, n = 170). The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaires were used to assess the depression and anxiety levels of the students, respectively. Various univariate and multivariable statistical techniques were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The proportion of depression symptoms was 49.4% and 52.4% during the panic period and post-panic period, respectively. Anxiety symptoms were experienced by 38.2% of students during the panic period, and the percentage was nearly identical in the post-panic interval. In post-panic period, depression levels found a slight increase. Urban students reported significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of depression and anxiety than their counterparts. Female students also exhibited significantly more anxiety symptoms (p < 0.002) than male. Depression symptoms significantly varied by family types and student’s place of residence. CONCLUSIONS: This study compared the depression and anxiety symptoms of the university students during two periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the difference was small, it remains an issue for the university students in Bangladesh due to the disruption to their academic lives.

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Quddus, ASM Ruhul. "Prebiotics for Children health in Bangladesh." Community Based Medical Journal 7, no. 2 (September 5, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v7i2.55448.

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Brooks, W. Abdullah, Dean Erdman, Pauline Terebuh, Alexander Klimov, Doli Goswami, Amina Tahia Sharmeen, Tasnim Azim, Stephen Luby, Carolyn Bridges, and Robert Breiman. "Human Metapneumovirus Infection among Children, Bangladesh." Emerging Infectious Diseases 13, no. 10 (October 2007): 1611–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1310.070337.

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Gazi, MR. "Cholelithiasis in children: experience from Bangladesh." Mediscope 2, no. 1 (August 27, 2015): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mediscope.v2i1.24739.

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Most of the time clinicians overlook the diagnosis of cholelthiasis in children because of its atypical presentation. The present study reports paediatric cases of cholelithiasis treated in Gazi Medical College Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh during the period from 2002 to 2013. In order to assess the frequency of paediatric cholelithiasis cases and treatment outcome, the author reviewed the patient records. The retrospective analysis found 9 paediatric cases who underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed from 2002 to 2013 at Gazi Medical College Hospital by a single Consultant Surgeon (the author). The cases were 7 females and 2 males. The average age was 8 years. The reports and full case history notes were checked and data were extracted accordingly. Correspondence was done to confirm the outcome of any subsequent follow up. It was found that clinically no one was obese but nutritional deficiency was obvious because all the patients were from poor family. Final diagnosis was made by ultrasonography. All of them recovered uneventfully after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Mediscope Vol. 2, No. 1: 2015, Pages 32-35

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Ali, Ibne Karin M., Mohammad Bakhtiar Hossain, Shantanu Roy, Patrick F. Ayeh-Kumi, William A. Petri, Rashidul Haque, and C. Graham Clark. "Entamoeba moshkovskiiInfections in Children in Bangladesh." Emerging Infectious Diseases 9, no. 5 (May 2003): 580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0905.020548.

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Nath, SR, M. Mohsin, and AMR Chowdhury. "Health knowledge of children in Bangladesh." Public Health 111, no. 5 (September 1997): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ph.1900385.

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Shahidullah, Mohammod. "COVID-19 in Children: Bangladesh Experience." Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 45, no. 3 (November 20, 2022): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v45i3.62876.

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Islam, Md Saiful, Md Estiar Rahman, Mst Sabrina Moonajilin, and Jim van Os. "Prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among school going adolescents in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): e0247898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247898.

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Background Common mental disorders in early life represent a major concern as they become more complex and intense with transition into adolescence. Despite global recognition of the significance of adolescent mental health, it remains a neglected area in research and health policy in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among school going adolescents in Bangladesh. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 563 students aged 13–18 years at selected schools (secondary and higher secondary) in Dhaka City. After providing written informed consent, participants completed a survey examining socio-demographic variables, along with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between variables under examination. Results The prevalence rates of moderate to severe levels of depression and anxiety were 26.5% and 18.1%, respectively. Based on multivariable analyses, unsatisfactory sleep (AOR = 3.17; 95% CI = 1.81–5.53, p < .001), cigarette smoking (AOR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.01–3.97, p = .048), and anxiety (AOR = 10.47; 95% CI = 6.11–17.95, p < .001) were associated with depression. Anxiety was associated with being 15–16 years (AOR = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.18–6.00, p = .018), not having good perceived relationships with friends (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.24–3.56, p = .006) and depression (AOR = 10.22; 95% CI = 6.01–17.38, p < .001). Conclusions Depression and anxiety were prevalent among school going adolescents in Bangladesh. The findings suggest epidemiological data can direct policy-level decisions regarding evaluation, prevention, and intervention of mental health conditions among school going adolescents in Bangladesh.

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Zubair, Hassan Bin, Bakhtawar Salim, and Saima Larik. "Autocracy, Displacement and Struggle for Independence Presented in the Selected Bangladeshi Literary Fiction." Global Language Review VI, no. II (June 30, 2021): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2021(vi-ii).23.

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This research explores Tahmima Anam’s A Golden Age as political writing in the context of the Bangladesh independence war, depicting an ideological conflict between Bangladesh's social democracy and Pakistani political leaders. Bengali people's participation in social democracy justifies their appeal for social equality and moral responsibility. During the divested civil conflict, they bear witness to physical pain, anxiety, displacement, and psychological fragmentation. Anam represents the traumatized Bangladesh self totally through the ongoing war of Bangladesh. The conflict of Bangladesh implies not only pain, victims, suffering, and struggling but also apparently visible through their persistent creed in social democracy. The major character Rehana becomes a traumatized individual because her life is triggered by traumatic experiences of war devastation in Dhaka thus feels the nightmare horrors of her son, who is involved in the war as a freedom fighter.Similarly, her anxiety, witnessing of destructed scenes, nightmare, and fragmented psychology generate a traumatized individual.

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Sarkar, Md, Madhusudan Saha, Mushtaque Rana, and Shasanka Saha. "Anxiety and depression among gastroenterologists: an online survey in Bangladesh." Gastroenterology Review 16, no. 4 (2021): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/pg.2021.111585.

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Ahamed, M. Mohiuddin. "Breast-feeding in Bangladesh." Journal of Biosocial Science 18, no. 4 (October 1986): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000016448.

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SummaryIn data from the Bangladesh Fertility Survey on 4998 live births, the mean duration of breast-feeding in Bangladesh was 27·3 months. Duration of breast-feeding was positively related with the age of women. Female children were breast-fed for periods about 5 months shorter than for male children. Children born to urban mothers of all age groups were breast-fed for shorter durations than children born to rural mothers of all age groups. The duration of breast-feeding decreased with the increase of education of mother.

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Chinna, Karuthan, Sheela Sundarasen, Heba Bakr Khoshaim, Kamilah Kamaludin, Mohammad Nurunnabi, Gul Mohammad Baloch, Syed Far Abid Hossain, et al. "Psychological impact of COVID-19 and lock down measures: An online cross-sectional multicounty study on Asian university students." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): e0253059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253059.

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The COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measures have taken a toll on every level of the society, worldwide. This study examines their psychological impact on university students in Asia. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between April and May 2020 in Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, India and Indonesia. The Zung’s self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and questions on adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies were used in this study. A total of 3,679 students from the seven countries participated in this study. Overall, 21.9% and 13.7% of the students in this study experienced mild to moderate and severe to extreme levels of anxiety. More than 20% of the students from China and Bangladesh reported severe to extreme level of anxiety compared to below 10% of the students from Indonesia, Malaysia and India. Among the female students, 15.9% experienced severe to extreme level of anxiety compared to 10.6% among the males. Females from Bangladesh, China, Malaysia, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia experienced significantly higher levels of anxiety compared to their male counterparts. Acceptance was the most used and Seeking Social Support was the least used coping strategies among the students. There were significant differences in the usage of the four strategies by countries. Stressors are predominantly financial constraints, remote online learning, and uncertainty related to their academic performance, and future career prospects.

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Hasina, Kaniz. "Constipation in Children." Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh 6, no. 1 (May 15, 2016): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v6i1.27743.

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Any, Omma Hafsa, Sharna Moin, Mahbuba Akter, Khandakar Nadia Afreen, and Manas Kanti Mazumder. "Status of Anxiety Disorders among Elderly People in a Selected Urban Area in Bangladesh." Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh 7, no. 2 (February 6, 2022): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jninb.v7i2.58108.

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Background: Anxiety disorders are reported in the different age group of people in the urban area. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the level of anxiety disorder among urban elderly people. Methodology: This cross-sectional community based study was carried out from January to December 2016 at Bakolia, Chawkbazar urban area of Chittagong, Bangladesh.The individuals who were aged 60 years and above were interviewed by using convenient sampling. Face to face interview was done with semi structural questionnaire. Results: Out of 300 respondents female respondents were higher in number which was 168(56%) respondents; however, 71.7%, respondents were in 60 to 69 age groups. Majority of respondents did not have any income which was 72(60.0%) subjects. Most of the respondents were suffering from hypertension which was 198(66.0%) respondents. In urban areas 82(27.3%) subjects did not have anxiety disorder, while 133(44.3%) respondents had mild anxiety disorder, 63 (21.0%) respondents had moderate and 22 (7.3%) respondents had severe anxiety disorder. Furthermore, 192 (64.0%) respondents who were concerned about their finance had anxiety disorder. 160 (53.3%) were concerned about their health had anxiety disorder. Conclusion: In conclusion majority urban dwelling elderly people are suffering from anxiety disorders. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 137-141

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Butz, Arlene M., and Cheryl Alexander. "Anxiety in Children with Asthma." Journal of Asthma 30, no. 3 (January 1993): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02770909309054518.

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